第1页共5页
一级词汇:
一级词汇lesson1unit1-2
解剖学anatomy[ə'nætəmi]
生理学physiology['fɪzɪ'ɑlədʒi]
生物学biology
细胞学cytology[sai'tɔlədʒi]
胚胎学embryology[,embri'ɔlədʒi]
组织学histology
内分泌学endocrinology[,endəukri'nɔlədʒi]
血液学hematology[,hemə'tɒlədʒɪ]
免疫学immunology
心理学psychology[sai'kɔlədʒi]
骨骼系统Skeletal['skɛlətl]System
肌肉系统MuscularSystem
循环系统CirculatorySystem['sɜːkjʊlət(ə)rɪ]
呼吸系统RespiratorySystem[rɪ'spɪrət(ə)rɪ
神经系统NervousSystem
内分泌系统EndocrineSystem
泌尿系统Urinarysystem
生殖系统ReproductiveSystem
消化系统DigestiveSystem
皮肤skin
骨骼系统Thissystemismadeof:BonesJoints(关节)
Cartilage['kɑːt(ɪ)lɪdʒ]软骨
Functions:Providesupportandprotection
Providepointsofattachment附件
肌肉系统Thissystemismadeof:Striatedmuscles(skeletal骨骼的
andcardiac心脏的muscles)横纹肌Non-striatedmuscles(smooth
muscles)非横纹肌OrVoluntarymuscles随意肌(skeletalmuscles)平滑
肌Involuntarymuscles(cardiacmusclesandsmoothmuscles)非平滑肌
循环系统Thissystemismadeof:heart、bloodvesls(artery,vein,capillary
毛细管)、blood
呼吸系统Thissystemismadeof:no/mouth、throat喉咙(pharynx咽and
larynx喉)、trachea[trə'kiːə气管bronchus支气管airsacs肺泡
神经系统Functions:controlbodyactivitiesbynerves
Thissystemismadeof:brain、spinalcord脊髓(protectedbyspinalcolumn
脊柱)、nerves(peripheral周围andcentral中枢nerves)
内分泌系统Functions:controlbodyactivitiesbyhormonesproducedbya
varietyofendocrineglands
Thissystemismadeof:pituitary[pɪ'tjuːɪt(ə)rɪ]脑垂体thyroid甲状腺
(parathyroid甲状旁腺)adrenal[ə'driːn(ə)l]gland肾上腺pancreas
胰腺testis睾丸/ovary卵巢
泌尿系统Functions:maintainnormallevelsofwaterandcertainsmall
molecules[ˈmɒlɪkju:ls],suchassodium['səʊdɪəm]钠andpotassium
[pə'tæsɪəm]钾
Thissystemismadeof:kidney肾ureter尿管bladder膀胱urethra尿道
生殖系统Functions:produce,transportandmaintainviablesperm精子;
producemalexhormone(testosterone睾酮)Orproduceandtransport
ovum卵子eliminate消除ornourishanovum;producefemalex
hormones(estrogen['estrədʒən]雌激素,
progesterone[prə'dʒestərəʊn])孕酮
消化系统mouth(saliva[sə'laɪvə]唾液)esophagus[iː'sɒfəɡəs]食管
stomach(gastricacid胃酸,enzymes['enzaɪmz]酶)smallintestine小肠
(duodenum[,djuːə'diːnəm]十二指肠,jejunum空肠,[dʒɪ'dʒuːnəm]
ileum回肠)largeintestine大肠(cecum盲肠,colon结肠,rectum直肠)
Accessorydigestiveorgans:liverandgallbladder胆囊(bile胆汁)
pancreas胰腺(pancreaticenzymes胰酶)
皮肤Functions:keepoutforeignsubstances
preventexcessivewaterevaporation防止水分过度蒸发
providetactileinformation触觉信息
keepconstantbodytemperature维持恒定的体温
一级词汇:
lesson2unit1-2
Typesofanatomy:大体解剖学grossanatomy细胞解剖cyto-anotomy
系统解剖systematicanatomy局部解剖topographic[,tɒpə'ɡræfɪk]
anatomy
Basicstructureofacell:细胞壁cellwall细胞膜cellmembrane细胞质
cytoplasm['saitəuplæzəm]细胞核cellnucleus['nju:kliəs]
Tissues:上皮组织epithelial[,epɪ'θiːlɪəl]Tissue[,epi'θi:liəl]
结缔组织connectivetissue肌肉组织musculartissue神经组织
nervoustissue
骨,Bones软骨Cartilage肋软骨,costicartilage/气管trachea支气管
bronchus肺泡airsacs唾液saliva[sə'laɪvə]外耳externalear关
节joints韧带ligament肌腱tendon
Mainbonesofthehumanbody:
头骨skull面骨facialbones椎骨vertebra锁骨clavicle,胸骨sternum,
肋骨rib肩胛骨scapula,
实习生intern助理医师assistantdoctor住院医生resident住院总chief
resident主治医师attending/visitingdoctor副主任医师associatedchief
doctor主任医师chiefdoctor药师pharmacist研究员rearchfellow
护工orderly内科医生physician外科医生surgeon放射科医生radiologist
mortality死亡率,morbidity发病率,
morbid,(malignant[mə'lɪgnənt]/benign)tumor['tju:mə(r)]恶/良性肿
瘤,obesity[ə(ʊ)'biːsɪtɪ]肥胖,ulcer['ʌlsə]溃疡
pathogen病原体,病菌['pæθədʒ(ə)n]
第2页共5页
一级词汇
Unit3
肌纤维musclefiber
随意肌voluntarymuscle
消化道alimentarycanal
肌腹fleshybelly
横纹肌striatedmuscle
肌肉痉挛musclecramps
肌肉痉挛musclespasm
肌肉附着点attachmentofthemuscle
动脉出血arterialbleeding
止端inrtion
起端origin
供血bloodsupply
屈肌flexor
伸肌extensor
蛋白分子proteinmolecule
纤维结缔组织fibrousconnectivetissue
意志力willpower
横切面transverction
起搏器pacemaker
肌炎myositis
电冲动electricalimpul
肌肉酸痛musclesoreness
肌肉收缩musclecontraction
肌肉放松musclerelaxation
括约肌sphincter
肌肉肥大muscularhypertrophy
肌肉萎缩muscleatrophy
神经末梢nerveending
动脉出血arterialbleeding
体神经somanticnerve
肌营养不良muscledystrophy/
myodystrophy
generalanesthesia全身麻醉
generalcheck-up普查,集体检查
generalhospital综合性医院
generalpractitioner全科医生
generalperitonitis弥漫性腹膜炎
Unit4
高血压hypertension
空腔脏器holloworgan
心房/室atrium/ventricle['ɑ:triəm]/['ventrikl]
含氧血oxygenatedblood
收缩期/舒张期systole/diastole['sistəli:]
/[dai'æstəli]
上/下腔静脉superior/inferiorvenacava
肺动脉/静脉pulmonaryartery/vein
小动/静脉arteriole/venule
心肌heartmuscle/myocardium
冠脉循环coronarycirculation
心肌缺血myocardialischemia
气促shortnessofbreath
心悸palpitation
头晕目眩light-headedness/dizziness
pharmacy,药房(一级词汇)
Unit6
粘膜mucousmembrane/mucosa
唾液腺salivaryglands
味蕾tastebuds
蛀牙toothdecay
软腭softpalate
Unit7
尿素urea
电解质平衡electrolytebalance
氨基酸aminoacid
肾小管renaltubule
活性维他命activevitamin
钙质吸收calciumabsorption
脂肪垫fatcushion
皮质cortex
髓质medulla
盆腔pelviccavity
Unit8
生长激素growthhormone/somatotropin
外分泌腺exocrinegland
腺体结构glandularstructure
电反应electricalrespon
靶组织targettissue
识别部位recognitionsites
细胞反应celluarrespon
促激素tropichormones
脑垂体pituitarygland
类固醇激素steroidhormones
生理节奏circadianrhythms
免疫反应immunerespon
Unit9
微观神经细胞microscopicnervecells
外部刺激externalstimuli
周围神经peripheralnerve
中枢神经centralnerve
迷走神经vagus
植物神经系统autonomicnervoussystem
副交感神经parasympatheticnerve
瞳孔收缩constrictionofthepupils
基底核basalnuclei
颈神经丛cervicalplexus
大脑皮质cerebralcortex
传入神经afferentnerveefferent~
脑脊液cerebrospinalfluid
脊髓穿刺spinalcordpuncture
下丘脑hypothalamus
垂体pituitarygland
脑干brainstem
肌张力musculartension/tone
脑膜meninges
蛛网膜下腔subarachnoidspace
二级词汇:
facioplegia面瘫,
lumbago腰痛,
ventral腹部的
rheumatoid风湿的风湿性关节炎
rheumatoidarthritis(有可能考)
inflammation炎症
vertigo眩晕,
atrophy萎缩
窦房结sinuatrialnode
心尖搏动apicalimpul
震颤thrill
心浊音界cardiacdullness
心率和心律heartrateandrhythm
心音heartsound
心脏杂音cardiacmurmurs
心肌酶cardiacenzyme
心肌蛋白myocardinheartprotein
心电图ECGelectrocardiogram
超声心动图UCG(ultrosoniccardiogram/
echocardiogram)
心衰heartfailure
心律失常arrhythmia
动脉粥样硬化atherosclerosis
心脏瓣膜病valvularheartdia
心包疾病diaofthepericarditis
先天性心脏病congenitalheartdia
胃窦antrumofstomach
胃底fundusofstomach
贲门括约肌cardiacsphincter
强酸性highacidity
胃排空gastricempty
胰酶pancreaticenzyme/pancreatin
肠容物稠度consistencyofintestinalcontents
胆总管commonbileduct
肝肠循环enterohepaticcirculation
电解质electrolyte
胆固醇cholesterol
脂溶性维生素fat-solublevitamins
pneumonia肺炎,(重点二级词汇)
第3页共5页
asthma哮喘(重点二级词汇)
rhinitis,鼻炎
肾盂renalpelvis
amputation截肢,
hemoptysis咯血,[hi'mɔptisis]
metastasize转移
hemophilia血友病
astigmatism散光
arthropathy关节病
leukemia白血病[lju'ki:miə]
adipoma脂肪瘤
febricide退烧药['febrəsaid]
pyoptysis咯脓
pyrosis胃灼热[paiə'rəusis]
osteoporosis骨质疏松症
ankylosis,关节僵硬
calculus结石
lithotripsy碎石术
openfracture开放性骨折
rickets佝偻病
gout痛风
三级词汇:
上颌骨maxilla,
下颌骨mandible,
肱骨humerus,
桡骨radius,
尺骨ulna,
腕骨carpalbone,
掌骨metacarpal,
指骨phalanges,
盆骨pelvicbone,
股骨femur,
胫骨tibia,
腓骨fibula,
踝骨tarsalbone,
跖骨metatarsalbone,
趾骨phalangesoftoes
胃肠蠕动gastrointestinalperistalsis
[,peri'stælsis-'stɔ:l-]
感染性心内膜炎infectiveendocarditis
冠状动脉照影coronaryangiography
嗅觉感受器olfactoryreceptor/osmoceptor
dermatitis皮炎
antitussive止咳药
arthralgia关节痛
bronchiectasis支气管扩张
analgesics药,止痛剂[,ænəl'dʒi:ziks]
重症肌无力myastheniagravis
[,maiəs'θi:niə]['ɡrɑ:vis]
三/二尖瓣tricuspid/bicuspidvalve
心包炎pericarditis
胸膜炎pleuritis
动脉瘤arterialaneurysm
二尖瓣脱垂mitralvalveprolap
动脉粥样硬化atherosclerosis
癫痫epilepsy
豆状中空器官bean-shapedholloworgan
心肌疾病myocarditis
肾小球glomerulus
膀胱三角区trigoneofurinarybladder
蠕动波peristalticwave
phosphata磷酸酶
carcinoma癌
tuberculosis肺结核,
hemoptysis,咯血[hi'mɔptisis]
emphyma,肺气肿[,emfi'si:mə]
steroid类固醇,
bronchiole,细支气管炎
trachitis,气管炎
高要求词汇
COPD,慢性阻塞性肺病
pleurisy,胸膜炎['pluərisi]
exudates,渗出液,分泌液
dyspnea,呼吸困难
cyanosis,苍白病,黄萎病
[,saiə'nəusis]
histamine,组胺['histəmi:n]
bronchodilators支气管扩张剂
polio小儿麻痹症,
diuretics,利尿剂[,daijuə'retiks]
pneumothorax,气胸
nasogastric,鼻饲的
laryngoscope,喉镜
radiotherapy,放射疗法
endotoxin,内毒素
erythromycin,红霉素
procaine,普鲁卡因(局麻药)
contraception,避孕
antirum抗血清
Mastitis乳腺炎,
ribosome核糖体,
mentoplasty颏成形术,
cervicitis宫颈炎,
acromegaly肢端肥大症,
acromioclavicular肩锁的,
brachioradialis肱桡肌,
coxarthritis髋关节炎
cephalalgia头痛,
hemiplegia偏瘫,
femorocele股疝,
carpitis腕关节炎
cephalitis脑炎,
thoracotomy胸廓开切术,
mammoplasty乳房成型术,
dactylitis指炎
thoracoscopy胸腔镜检查
chromosome染色体
参考部分:(有班级此部分没有上课)
medicaldocuments
问诊(Inquiry)
视诊(Inspection)、
听诊(Auscultation)、
触诊(Palpation)、
叩诊(Percussion)
GeneralAppearance
呼吸困难difficultbreathing,breathless,dyspnea
呼吸急促rapidbreathing,shortofbreath,
tachypnea
呼吸缓慢slowbreathing,bradypnea
鼻翼呼吸nasalalarbreathing
张口呼吸mouth/buccalbreathing
气喘panting
形容血压的常用词语高high稍高slightly
elevated低low正常normal稳定stable
坐位(卧位,立位)sitting(lying,standing)
BP稳定在BPstablizesat
波动于BPfluctuates/rangesbetween
由升到rifrom…to
由…降到dropfrom…to
无法测得undetectable(unobtainable,
unrecordable)
第4页共5页
身材(stature)
体位(position)
姿势(posture)
步态(gait)
肥胖fat,obesity,overweight
瘦小thin,lean,underweight,slim
丰满plump
肌肉发达的muscular
身材匀称ofproportionalbuild
壮实strong,husky
大腹便便potbelly,big-bellied
自动(被动,强迫)体位active(passive,
compulsive)position
仰(俯,侧)卧supine/dorsal(prone,lateral/side)
站立standing,upright,erect
坐位sitting
胸膝位knee-chestposition
敏捷alert痉挛spastic
交叉步态scissors-like
不稳unsteady,unstable
蹒跚stagger
共济失调ataxia
体格(physique)与发育(physicaldevelopment)
发育良好well-developed
发育不良poorly-developed
发育欠佳under-developed
发育不全hypoplasia
超重overweight纤弱delicate虚弱weak
面色(complexion),面容(appearance)与面部
表情(expression)
苍白pale,pallid,pallor
病黄色sallow
倦怠sluggish淡漠dullappearance
呈(急性,危重)病容look(acutely,critically)ill
满月脸full-moon/moonlikeface
病危面容criticalface
贫血面容anemicface
神态(mentalstate)、意识(consciousness)和
感觉(ns)
清醒consciousl,sober
(半)昏迷(mi-)comato,unconscious
镇定calm
不安restless
神清合作alertandcooperative
有定向力oriented
能辨别时间地点人物orientedtotime,person
andplace
情绪不稳emotionallyunstable
皮肤状况(skin)
潮红flush
轻微(中度、明显)发绀befaintly(moderately,
markedly)syanotic
色素沉着pigmentation
黄疸jaundice,icteric,icterus
无黄疸nonicteric
黄染bejaundiced
蜘蛛痣spiderangioma
局部水肿localizededema
全身水肿generaledema
斑疹macule
丘疹paplule
药疹drugeruption
结节nodules
脓包pustules
水疱blister
荨麻疹hives
囊肿cyst
溃疡ulcer
脱屑desquamation
疣warts
褥疮bedsore
浅表淋巴结(superficiallymphnodes)
肿大swelling,enlarged
颈部(腋下,锁骨上,腹股沟)淋巴结cervical
(axillary,spraclavicular,inguinal)
可扪及palpable
可移动freelymovable/mobile
无压痛non-tender
质硬hardandfirm
无明显淋巴结病变nosignificant
lymphadenopathy)
头眼与耳鼻喉(HEENT)
面部浮肿bloatedface
口臭foulbreath
恶臭气息fetid(offensive)breath
呼吸带有…味thebreathhasastrongsmellof
齿龈出血gingivalhemorrhage
瞳孔等大,反应正常pupilqualandreactive
充血congestion,injected,injection
鼻塞blockedup,stuffedup,obstruction
流涕runningno
扁桃体发红肿大reddenedandenlarged/swollen
tonsils
小片白色渗出物smallwhitepatchesof
exudates
颈部(neck)
颈软supple强直stiff,rigid
颈静脉怒张JVD(jugularvenousdistention)
颈动脉carotidartery
无杂音nobruit
甲状腺肿大enlargedthyroid
胸部(chest)
(不)对称(un/a)symmetrical
鸡胸chicken-breasted
桶装barrelchest
突出prominent,bulging
凹陷depresd
扁平胸flatchest
肋间隙intercostalsspace
锁骨中线mid-clavicularline
心脏
心尖搏动apex/apicalimpul/beat
移位dislocated,displaced
心浊音界dullnessofheartborders
奔马律galloprhythm
喷射性(吹风样)杂音ejection(blowing)
murmur
收缩期(舒张期)杂音systolic(diastolic)
murmur
心前区precordium
心律不齐arrhythmia
第一(二三四)心音S1(S2,S3,S4)
肺(主)动脉音pulmic(aortic)sound
肺
胸(腹)式呼吸thoracic(abdominal)respiration
两肺叩音清bothlungswereresonantto
percussion
两肺音清cleartoauscultationbilaterally
干(湿)罗音dry(moist)rales
哮鸣音wheezes
腹部
胀distended,distention
平软flatandsoft
蠕动波peristalsis
反跳痛reboundtenderness/tendernessto
palpationwithrebound
弥漫性压痛diffutenderness
腹水ascites
移动性浊音shiftingdullness
振水音succussionsound
气过水声gurgling
妊娠纹striaeofpregnancy
未触及impalpable
肠鸣音亢进activebowelsound
四肢(extremities)
畸形deformity
凹陷性(广泛,轻度,中度)水肿pitting(massive,
mild,moderate)edema
神经系统(Nervoussystem,Neurological,略作
第5页共5页
Neuro或CNS):
十二对颅神经正常thecranialnerves(Ⅰ~Ⅻ)
appearedintact
偏(单、截、交叉)瘫hemi-(mono-,para-,cross-)
paralysis
肌张力musculartone
指鼻试验finger-notest
痛(温度,触,震动)觉pain(temperature,tactile,
vibratory)nsation
深(浅)反射deep(superficial)reflex
脑膜刺激征signofmeningealirritation
反射存在(消失,减弱,亢进,不明)reflex
prent(abnt,weak/hypoactive,overactive)
震颤tremor
骨骼系统(Musculoskeletalsystem):
肌萎缩muscularatrophies
肌无力myasthenia
肌肉松弛muscularrelaxation
抽搐convulsion
关节炎arthritis
关节病arthrosis/arthopathy/jointdia
关节僵硬ankylosis
关节弹响clickingofjoint
麻木numbness
泌尿生殖系统(Genitourinarysystem):
直肠指诊rectaldigitalexamination
(非)实验研究(non)experimentalstudy
比较研究comparativestudy
回顾性研究retrospectivestudy
前瞻性研究prospectivestudy
单/双盲交叉研究asingle-/double-blind,
crossoverstudy
随机控制性研究randomizedandcontrolled
study
双盲随机研究double-blindrandomizedstudy
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