conversational

ConversationalImplication

摘要：ThetermconversationalimplicationwasintroducedbythephilosopherH.

PaulGrice，whichisdeducedonthebasisofconventionalmeaningofwordstogether

withthecontext，Ireflectsthe

intentionofthespeakers，sothespeakers’psychologicalmotives，diction，tone

andthestructuretheyadoptmustgivemorespacetothehearerstointerpret，

however，whetherCIcanhavegreateffectonthehearerornot，itwilldependon

th

literature，theauthorspaymoreattentiontotheCI，andtheirworksbecameandwill

becomethewealthoftheworld.

关键词：CIcontextcooperativeprinciplepolitenessprincipletheskillsofthe

languagepsychologicalmotives

CI（conversationalimplication）includesthenaturalmeaningandtheextra

meaninginthecertaincontext，whichiscomparabletotheillocutionaryforceinthe

ldhave

conversationalactivities；anyconversationalactivitiesconsistofbothspeakersand

t，Jacobinsshowedustherelationbetweenthem.

contactcode

Forexample，thespeakersays“TodayisSunday”；thisntencewillhave

earersays“NO，it’sSaturday”，

thenwewillknowtherealmeaningoftheconversationisthestatementofdate，

obviouslythespeakeriswrong；ifthespeakerisachild，andhisfatherpromid

thathewoulddrivehissontothezooonSunday，whenhisfatherheardhisson’s

words，hewillknowtheimpliedmeaningimmediately；ifthespeakerisapoor

student，andtherewillbeanexamonSunday，wewillmakecleartheemotionof

ontextisthenecessaryelementofCI，whichgivesthehearer

differentunderstandingtothesameconversation.

speakerwantstoexpresshixtrameaning，sometimeshewillviolatethe

principles，aslongasthehearerknowsthereasonwhythespeakerviolatesthe

principles，hewillgettheimpliedmeaningbeneaththenaturalmeaning.

A：WhereisX？

B：He’sowhenheleft.

Thentencesarenotrelevant，whichviolatetheprincipleofrelevance，

showingusthehearerdoesn’twanttocontinuethespeaker’stopic，therefore，the

CIproduced，afterhearingtheanswerthespeakerwillchangetoanothertopic.A：

Let’sgetkidssomething.

B：Ok，butIvoteI-C-E-C-R-E-A-M-S

Inordernottobeheardbythekids，thespeakergivesspecialexpression，

utteringoneletterbyanother，whichissosmarttopasstheimpliedmeaning.

Politenessprinciples

InordertomakeupfortheweaknessofCP，theEnglishlinguistLeech

propodthepolitenessprinciples，whichcanexpresstherealmeaningofthespeak

mple，ateacherfindsastudentreadingacomic

intheclassandcomesandsaystothestudent.

（1）DoyoumindifIcankeepyourbookforawhile？

（2）IwonderifIcankeepyourbookforawhile.

（3）Iwaswonderingifyoucouldallowmetokeepyourbookforawhile.

Theteacherexpressthehispurpointheindirectwaywithoutscoldingthe

student，sothestudentcanaccepteasily，whichcompliestothepoliteness

principles.

Intheliterature，theauthoradoptedthedifferentwaystoexpressthedeep

meaningofthetext，

theicebergstylecreatedbyErnestHemingway，thatis，thegraceofthemovement

Chineexample，

他扑倒在床上，右手掌蒙住了前额，遮住了两眼的大部分，手轻轻地沉了下

去，（胳膊肘让出了大部分地方，）向后移动，直到他的鼻子碰到了被子；左臂吊

在床边，毫无知觉，指关节松垮的斜搭在夜壶把上。

Suchotherwaysasirony，metaphor，tonescancautheCI，withwhichthe

n，CIhasaclo

tainrelationbetweenthespeakerandthehearer

willcauthereflectionofeachperson’spsychology.

ThepsychologicalprocedureofCIincludesthememoryandassociation，which

havetheimportantpsychologicalactivities，Theproductionandtheunderstandingof

CIneedthememoryandassociation，

WhenapasngergetsoutofthegateoftheBeijingstation，hewantstoX

hotel，soheasksthepolice“howfarisitfromheretoXhotel？”，thepolicewill

tellhimit’ssonear，whenhegetsoutsideandasksthetaxidriver，theanswerwill

bedifferent.“It’sfar；getinthetaxi，

it’sonlytenYuan.”asforthesamequestionintheshortminutes，thepasngergets

lreasonisthedifferentpsychologicalmotives

merwantstothepasngergetoutofthestationassoonas

hedriverwantstoearnmoremoneyintermsofthe

commercialinterest，thedifferentmotivesgivethehearerdifferentCIinthecertain

context.

CIisudwidelyinourdailylife，whichbearswiththecontext，CPandthe

sourlanguageakindofarteffectandmakesourlife

morecolorful.

参考文献：

[1]Huzhuanglin，Linguistics，ACourBook，PekingUniversityPress，

2001，（pp.256，257，258）.

[2]，Semantics，ForeignTeachingandRearchPress2008.8，

（pp.192，193，194）.

[3]RomanSaldon，AReader’sGuidetotheContemporaryLiteraryTheory，

PekingUniversityPress，2006.12，（pp.77，78）.

[4]周延云《论言外之意的物质基础和心理机制》，1995，青岛海洋大学报.

[5]力量《言外之意与语境》，1990，淮阴师专学报.