who knows

读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思

高中英语定语从句详解

◆英语谚语欣赏

nowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for–nothing.

不懂装懂，一事无成.

’sthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行，始于足下

makeshimlfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.

Ⅰ.概念：

(1)定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词

(antecedent)后面。

(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。

(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词的作用：

1)引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；

2)必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）

常用的关系代词:that、which、who、whom、who、as、

常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）:when、why、where

ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.

Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.

Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.

I'dlikearoomwhowindowlooksoutoverthea.

定语从句三步：

第一找出先行词；

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；

第三选择合适的关系词。

Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法：

●that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或whom；

指物时，相当于which

●which:指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，：

rthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)

nowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?

takeanything(that)youlike.（宾语）

thequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?

theman(who/whom/that)youwanttoe.

kwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主语）

7Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（宾语）

Which还可做定语

ntfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.（定语）

elate,inwhichcaweoughttowaitforhim.

●who,whom,

who:主格,在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人

whom:只可指人,宾格，在从句中作宾语;

Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.（主语）

Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词如he,they,any,tho,all,one等后多用who.)

读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思

Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.（宾语）

He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.

=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.

比较：Heisthestudentwhomyouthinktobeworthyofyourprai.

Heisthestudentwhoyouthinkisworthpraising.

●who:所有格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。表示。。。。。的

指物时，who+n=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n

Achildwhoparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.（指人）

I'dlikearoomwhowindowfacessouth.（指物）

=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.

=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.

ThereisateapotshapedlikeaChineduck,outofwhomouthteaissuppodtocome

关系代词作介词宾语:

关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放

于句首较为正式.介词前置时，引导词为介词+which(物)或介词+whom(人)

介词后置时，引导词为which/that/x(物)或who/whom/that/x(人)

Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.

=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.

DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands？=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)

Ishookhandswith?

Thebeginningofagriculturewasabigstepinhumanprogresswithwhichnothingcouldcompare

untilourinformationage.

Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.

Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?

Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?

Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.(介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。lookat,

lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等)

●as的用法:(as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)

①如为限制性的，多用于thesame…as;thesameas；such…as…;asmany/muchas；so…

as等结构中。如：

※Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一样的书。

Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.(关系代词as和指示代词same连

用,在从句中用作表语,先行词是same.)

.-----Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.

Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.

Don'tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.

Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.

比较：Iliveinthesamehouthatheudtolivein.

I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.

比较：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定语从句）

Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）

②如为非限制性的，先行词为一个句子，可用as或which,as引导的定语从句，可置于该

句句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，就像"，which引导的定语从句只能是后面，译为“这一

点，那一点”

读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思

lknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作宾语)

=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作主语）

=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth

=gisharmfultoone'shealth

=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.（as作宾语）

=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.

2..Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.

3Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.

Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.

●asweallknow；asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyoue;aswecane;ashasbeenexpected;

aswehaveimagined.

Ⅲ.关系副词引导的定语从句:

●When指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time,day,week,

tear,month,etc.）

HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.

Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.

注意：先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以

用which或that引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较:Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.（作状语）

Nextmonth,whenyouwillbeinyourhometown,isjustaroundthecorner.

Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.（作宾语）

Nextwinterwhich/thatyou'llspendinHarbin,I'msure,willbeexciting.

IshallneverforgetthedaywhenShenZhouⅤwaslaunched,whichhasagreateffectonmy

life.

Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.

●Where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place,school,

factory,room,etc.

ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.

Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheudtolive.

注意：先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that

在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较:※Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.（作状语）

Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwherehecanwalkcorrectlyand

safely.

Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.

Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituationswhereEnglish

isud.

He'sgothimlfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'slikelytolocontroloftheplane.

Thesmallmountainvillagewherewespentourholidaylastmonthliesinwhat/theplacewhichis

nowpartofHubei.

Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.（作宾语）

Nothavingbeentherebefore,hesimplyhadnoideaabouttheplace,whicheveryonesaysisworth

visiting.

●Why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason时，可用forwhich指代；当

读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思

关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。如：

Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.

Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.（作宾语）

Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?（作主语）

●当先行词为way时，在定语从句中做状语，定语从句常用that,inwhich,或x引导，

。但如果在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。如:

Thisistheway(that)/inwhich/xIdosuchthings.

比较:Pleadotheexperimentintheway（that/which）Ihaveshownyou.

Ⅳ.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

1.形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。

2.语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.

3.语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，

整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行

词起补充说明或描述的作用。

ThisisthebookIlikebest.这就是我最喜欢的那本书。

Beijing,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoric

relics.北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。

4.翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从

句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）

比较:Hehasasister,whoisamusician.

Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.

引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who,whom,who,指物时用which,who;

关系副词when，where,why,etc.

iedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.

'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.

tupaparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.

roud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.

Ⅴ.几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:

●that&which:

在定语从句中，which和that在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都

是这样，这里介绍宜用that,而不宜用which的情况.

①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,

lddoallthatisufultothepeople.

'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.

eantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?

②先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。

ythingthatwecoulddowastowait.

'stheverywordthatiswronglyud.

Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.

Youcantakeany(=whichever)atthatisfree.

IhopethelittlethatIcanwillbeofsomehelptothem.

比较*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.

*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.

③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思

talkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.

thethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.

④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

thebestthatcanbedonenow.

timportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.

⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.如：

terandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.

erandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.

⑥被修饰词为数词时.

canethetwothatare

stillalive.

⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的

单调或重复。

Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenenbefore.

⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。

sthebookthatyoulikebest?

hemanthatisstandingatthegate?

⑨主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词.如：

sstillaatinthecornerthatisstillfree.

⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that.

'sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.

villageisnolongertheplace(that)itudtobe.

定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况:

①当关系代词的前面有介词时.

aparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.

ives?

②在非限制性定语从句中.

'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.

dmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinour

country.(which指代主句)

③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用

which.

howyouthenovel，thatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.

tationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainand

whichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.

④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.

'stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.

⑤先行词本身是that,宜用which.

What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?

⑥先行词是tho+复数名词.

Ashopshouldkeepastockofthogoodswhichllbest.

(B)who&that:

who和that指代人时，有些情况宜用who,而不宜用that

读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思

①先行词为anyone,anybody,tho,all,one,ones,they,he,people时.如：

sonIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkswell.

who(=Whoever)failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.

hoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce

'tliketheones(=tho)whotalkbig.

swhoarequarrelsomearedespid.

②在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人.如：

sagentlemanwhowantstoeyou.

reveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuofattributiveclaus.

③当先行词有较长的后置定语时.如：

oreignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineverywell.

④一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个则宜用who,

以免重复.如：

dentthatwaspraidatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestand

worksveryhard.

训练题汇总

EX1.用定语从句完成下列句子。

1．Thisisthemostbeautifulforest___(我所见过的).

2．DouPoTang(陡坡塘)Waterfall,___(位于贵州省的),is105meterswideand21metershigh.

EX2用适当的关系词填空.Haveatry!!!

everforgettheday__________Ifirstwenttoschool.

Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.

__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.

Thehou______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.

Ex3选择适当的代词填空，注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较。

dingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.

edintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.

edintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.

________areteachers.

wosons,bothof________areteachers.

EX4思考:用五种方式（定语从句）翻译句子

这是他工作的工厂。

thefactoryheworks.

thefactoryheworksin.

thefactoryheworksin.

介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.

方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系

注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关

系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替。

Ex5介词+关系代词的使用

ikethebookshespent$10?

ikethebookshepaid$10?

ikethebookshelearnedalot?

ikethebooksheoftentalks?

读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思

holehecouldgotwaterfromthelake.

satalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.

asalotofrivers,thecondlongest___________istheYellowRiver.

____________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatswimming.

theboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most__________hadn’tbeencleanedforat

leastayear.

Exercis:

ethreebedroomsinthehou,_____isMary's.

AthesmallestofwhichBthesmallerofwhich

CthesmallestofthemDthesmallestone

enswillmoveintothenewhounextMonday,_____itwillbecompletely

finished.

AbythetimeBbywhichtimeCbythattimeDbythistime

asalargecollectionofphone,_____wastakeninlondon.

AnoneofthemBnooneofwhichCallofwhichDnoneofwhich

efastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople____villageItaught

beforelivedahappylife.

AwhoBwhoCinwhoDinwhich

samoutain____thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.

AwhoBofwhichCit'sDthat

havemisdhertrwain,in____cashewon'tarriveforanotherhour.

AwhatBthatCwhichDthis

7.1)Ihavethreechildren,andtwoof_____aredoctors.

2)Ihavethreechildren,toof____aredoctors.

wothousandstudentsinourschool,____aregirls.

Atwo-thirdsinwhichBtwo-thirdsinthemCtwo-thirdsofthemDofwhomtwo

thirds

oughttwoballpens,_____writeswell.

AneitherofthemBnoneofthemCneitherofwhichDnoneofwhich

特殊结构定语从句点击

ousaresoldatsuchalowprice________peopleexpected.

2.I'veneverheardsointerestingastory________youtoldme.

hich

3.I'veenthesamefilm________yousawyesterday.

4.I'llbuythesamecoat________youwear.

anotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.

thinkis

thinkitis

thinkit

is

读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思

6.________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceevery

month.

thefirsttime________hehasbeenhere.

'tlike________youspeaktoher.

ofwhich

定语从句

1．Thisisthebestfactory____wevisitedlastyear.

thefactory____computersarebuilt?

passmethedictionary____coverisred.

f

____hasarrived.

oldyou

ouabout

nowthecomrade____wearetalking?

sitedthehou___thegreatwriterwasborn.

e

rade___isspeakingatthemeetingismyteacher.

dustowatchcarefullyeverything___hedidinclass.

9.I’llvisittheprofessortomorrow,___hewillbebackfromShanghai.

ool___Istudyisanewone.

h

asmanyislands,____thelargestisTaiwan.

h

y____mymothergrewupisnotfarfromhere.

cherlivesinthehou____doorfacestothenorth.

nowtheman___yourfathernodded?

hom

ingisasportin___peopleeasilygethurt.

ou____Iknow.

m

asalotoffamouswriters,one___isLuXun.

读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思

factory____wevisitedlastyear?

heman____wasthere?

eanything____Icandoforyou,sir?

remembertheday____shefirstworethatgreendress.

h

fe____weudtocutthebreadisverysharp.

es____theyoungmencompetedinweredifficult.

edhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..

MallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_____lovedclimbing.

历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句精选

entswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.

rdaterriblenoi,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.

arkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.

therturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.

ivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewup

asachild.

31．CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtvery

much.

32．Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________,ofcour,

madetheothersunhappy.

A．whoB．whichC．thisD．what

lyIboughtanancientChineva,_____wasveryreasonable.

ceofwhich

ceofwho

34._____hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotatofdeadrules.

dinLondonfor3months,during____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.

allhungapicture,_____colorisblue.

读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思

erImethim,____wasfairlyoften,Ilikehissweetandhopefulsmile.

itoraskedtheguidetotakehispicture_____standsthefamoustower.

s____departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.

’tlike_____youspeaktoher.

ofwhich

itheraraincoatnoranumbrella._______Igotwetthrough.

’’swhy

’’show

anotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.

thinkitis

whichis

定语从句答案:

1-5DCADA6-10BCBCD11-15DBDBC16-20ABDCA21-25DABBA

26-30DBDBB31-35DBCAB36-40ABBCA41-42BA

（1---6ABDCBC7----9BDDC）

答案与简析：

1.B。当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导，即构成结构为"such+（a/an）＋形容词

＋名词＋as"引导的定语从句，意为"......像......一样的"。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来

估计的那样低的价格出售。

2.A。由sointerestingastory=suchaninterestingstory和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。as

在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。

3.A

4.C。当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或as引导，但意思不同。用that引导定语

从句指同一物，而用as引导定语从句指同类事物。

5.A。做此题的关键是要知道Ithink在定语从句中作插入语，做题时将其去掉便可容易得到

答案。

6.B。Ａs在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修

饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：asyouknow,asissaidabove,asisoftentheca（情

况经常是这样）等。如选Ａ，则需将逗号改为that；如选D，则需将逗号改为isthat。

7.A。当先行词为thefirsttime,thelasttime等时，定语从句的引导词用that而不用when。

8.A。当先行词为way时，定语从句的引导词用that或inwhich,也可省略。