annihilation

英文原文：

INCONGRESS,JULY4,1776

TheunanimousDeclarationofthethirteen

unitedStatesofAmerica

WhenintheCourofhumaneventsitbe

comesnecessaryforonepeopletodissolve

thepoliticalbandswhichhaveconnected

themwithanotherandtoassumeamongt

hepowersoftheearth,theparateande

qualstationtowhichtheLawsofNature

andofNature’sGodentitlethem,adecent

respecttotheopinionsofmankindrequir

esthattheyshoulddeclarethecauswhi

chimpelthemtotheparation.

Weholdthetruthstobelf-evident,th

atallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyare

endowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainun

alienableRights,thatamongtheareLife,

LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.–Th

attocuretherights,Governmentsare

institutedamongMen,derivingtheirjustp

owersfromtheconntofthegoverned,–

ThatwheneveranyFormofGovernmentb

ecomesdestructiveoftheends,itisthe

RightofthePeopletoalterortoabolishi

t,andtoinstitutenewGovernment,laying

itsfoundationonsuchprinciplesandorga

nizingitspowersinsuchform,astothem

shallemmostlikelytoeffecttheirSafe

ce,indeed,willdi

ctatethatGovernmentslongestablishedsh

ouldnotbechangedforlightandtransient

caus;andaccordinglyallexperiencehat

hshewnthatmankindaremoredispodt

osuffer,whileevilsaresufferablethanto

rightthemlvesbyabolishingtheformst

na

longtrainofabusandusurpations,purs

uinginvariablythesameObjectevincesa

designtoreducethemunderabsoluteDesp

otism,itistheirright,itistheirduty,tot

hrowoffsuchGovernment,andtoprovide

newGuardsfortheirfuturecurity.–Suc

hhasbeenthepatientsufferanceofthe

Colonies;andsuchisnowthenecessityw

hichconstrainsthemtoaltertheirformer

toryofthe

prentKingofGreatBritainisahistory

ofrepeatedinjuriesandusurpations,allh

avingindirectobjecttheestablishmentof

provethis,letFactsbesubmittedtoacan

didworld.

HehasrefutedhisAsnttoLaws,them

ostwholesomeandnecessaryforthepubli

cgood.

HehasforbiddenhisGovernorstopassLa

wsofimmediateandpressingimportance,

unlesssuspendedintheiroperationtillhis

Asntshouldbeobtained;andwhensos

uspended,hehasutterlyneglectedtoatten

dtothem.

HehasrefudtopassotherLawsforthe

accommodationoflargedistrictsofpeopl

e,unlessthopeoplewouldrelinquishthe

rightofReprentationintheLegislature,

arightinestimabletothemandformidabl

etotyrantsonly.

Hehascalledtogetherlegislativebodiesat

placesunusual,uncomfortable,anddistant

fromthedepositoryoftheirPublicRecor

ds,forthesolepurpooffatiguingthem

intocompliancewithhismeasures.

HehasdissolvedReprentativeHousre

peatedly,foropposingwithmanlyfirmness

hisinvasionsontherightsofthepeople.

Hehasrefudforalongtime,aftersuch

dissolutions,tocauotherstobeelected,

wherebytheLegislativePowers,incapable

ofAnnihilation,havereturnedtothePeop

leatlargefortheirexerci;theStaterem

aininginthemeantimeexpodtoallthe

dangersofinvasionfromwithout,andco

nvulsionswithin.

Hehandeavouredtopreventthepopulat

ionoftheStates;forthatpurpoobstru

ctingtheLawsforNaturalizationofForeig

ners;refusingtopassotherstoencouraget

heirmigrationshither,andraisingthecond

itionsofnewAppropriationsofLands.

HehasobstructedtheAdministrationofJu

sticebyrefusinghisAsnttoLawsfore

stablishingJudiciaryPowers.

HehasmadeJudgesdependentonhisWil

laloneforthetenureoftheiroffices,and

theamountandpaymentoftheirsalaries.

HeharectedamultitudeofNewOffices,

andnthitherswarmsofOfficerstohar

assourpeopleandeatouttheirsubstance.

Hehaskeptamongus,intimesofpeace,

StandingArmieswithouttheConntof

ourlegislatures.

HehasaffectedtorendertheMilitaryinde

pendentofandsuperiortotheCivilPower.

Hehascombinedwithotherstosubjectus

toajurisdictionforeigntoourconstitutio

n,andunacknowledgedbyourlaws;givin

ghisAsnttotheirActsofpretendedLe

gislation:

Forquarteringlargebodiesofarmedtroop

samongus:

Forprotectingthem,byamockTrialfrom

punishmentforanyMurderswhichtheys

houldcommitontheInhabitantsofthe

States:

ForcuttingoffourTradewithallpartsof

theworld:

ForimposingTaxesonuswithoutourCo

nnt:

Fordeprivingusinmanycas,ofthebe

nefitofTrialbyJury:

FortransportingusbeyondSeastobetrie

dforpretendedoffences:

ForabolishingthefreeSystemofEnglish

LawsinaneighbouringProvince,establishi

ngthereinanArbitrarygovernment,anden

largingitsBoundariessoastorenderitat

onceanexampleandfitinstrumentforin

troducingthesameabsoluteruleintothe

Colonies

FortakingawayourCharters,abolishingo

urmostvaluableLawsandalteringfunda

mentallytheFormsofourGovernments:

ForsuspendingourownLegislatures,and

declaringthemlvesinvestedwithpowert

olegislateforusinallcaswhatsoever.

HehasabdicatedGovernmenthere,bydec

laringusoutofhisProtectionandwaging

Waragainstus.

Hehasplunderedouras,ravagedourC

oastsburntourtowns,anddestroyedtheli

vesofourpeople.

HeisatthistimetransportinglargeArmie

sofforeignMercenariestocompleatthe

worksofdeath,desolation,andtyranny,alr

eadybegunwithcircumstancesofCruelty

&Perfidyscarcelyparalleledinthemost

barbarousages,andtotallyunworthytheH

eadofacivilizednation.

HehasconstrainedourfellowCitizenstak

enCaptiveonthehighSeastobearArms

againsttheirCountry,tobecometheexec

utionersoftheirfriendsandBrethren,ort

ofallthemlvesbytheirHands.

Hehaxciteddomesticinsurrectionsamo

ngstus,andhandeavouredtobringont

heinhabitantsofourfrontiers,themerciles

sIndianSavageswhoknownruleofwa

rfare,isanundistinguisheddestructionofa

llages,xesandconditions.

IneverystageoftheOppressionsWeha

vePetitionedforRedressinthemosthum

bleterms:OurrepeatedPetitionshavebee

nce,whocharacteristhusmarkedbyev

eryactwhichmaydefineaTyrant,isunfi

ttobetherulerofafreepeople.

NorhaveWebeenwantinginattentionst

warnedth

emfromtimetotimeofattemptsbytheir

legislaturetoextendanunwarrantablejuri

remindedthem

ofthecircumstancesofouremigrationand

appealedtothei

rnativejusticeandmagnanimity,andwe

haveconjuredthembythetiesofourco

vowtheusurpation

s,whichwouldinevitablyinterruptourcon

ohav

ebeendeaftothevoiceofjusticeandof

,therefore,acquies

ceinthenecessity,whichdenouncesourS

eparation,andholdthem,asweholdther

estofmankind,EnemiesinWar,inPeace

Friends.

We,therefore,theReprentativesoftheU

nitedStatesofAmerica,inGeneralCongre

ss,Asmbled,appealingtotheSupremeJ

udgeoftheworldfortherectitudeofour

intentions,do,intheName,andbyAuth

orityofthegoodPeopleoftheColonies,

solemnlypublishanddeclare,Thatthe

UnitedColoniesare,andofRightoughtto

beFreeandIndependentStates,thatthey

areAbsolvedfromallAllegiancetothe

BritishCrown,andthatallpoliticalconnec

tionbetweenthemandtheStateofGreat

Britain,isandoughttobetotallydissolve

d;andthatasFreeandIndependentStates,

theyhavefullPowertolevyWar,conclu

dePeacecontractAlliances,establishCom

merce,andtodoallotherActsandThing

swhichIndependentStatesmayofrightd

o.–AndforthesupportofthisDeclaration,

withafirmrelianceontheprotectionof

DivineProvidence,wemutuallypledgeto

eachotherourLives,ourFortunesandour

sacredHonor.

–JohnHancock

NewHampshire:

JosiahBartlett,WilliamWhipple,Matthew

Thornton

Massachutts:

JohnHancock,SamuelAdams,JohnAdam

s,RobertTreatPaine,ElbridgeGerry

RhodeIsland:

StephenHopkins,WilliamEllery

Connecticut:

RogerSherman,SamuelHuntington,Willia

mWilliams,OliverWolcott

NewYork:

WilliamFloyd,PhilipLivingston,Francis

Lewis,LewisMorris

NewJery:

RichardStockton,JohnWitherspoon,Franci

sHopkinson,JohnHart,AbrahamClark

Pennsylvania:

RobertMorris,BenjaminRush,BenjaminF

ranklin,JohnMorton,GeorgeClymer,Jam

esSmith,GeorgeTaylor,JamesWilson,G

eorgeRoss

Delaware:

CaesarRodney,GeorgeRead,ThomasMc

Kean

Maryland:

SamuelCha,WilliamPaca,ThomasSton

e,CharlesCarrollofCarrollton

Virginia:

GeorgeWythe,RichardHenryLee,Thoma

sJefferson,BenjaminHarrison,ThomasNe

lson,Jr.,FrancisLightfootLee,CarterBra

xton

NorthCarolina:

WilliamHooper,JophHewes,JohnPenn

SouthCarolina:

EdwardRutledge,ThomasHeyward,Jr.,T

homasLynch,Jr.,ArthurMiddleton

Georgia:

ButtonGwinnett,LymanHall,GeorgeWal

ton