2020考研

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绝密☆启用前

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语（一）试题及答案解析

（科目代码：201）

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2020年考研英语一真题答案及解析

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions：

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C

orDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Eveniffamiliesarelesslikelytositdowntoeattogetherthanwasoncetheca,

millionsofBritonswillnonethelesshavepartakenthisweekendofoneofthenation'sgreat

traditions:theSundayroast.__1__acoldwinter'sday,fewculinarypleasurescan

__2__ereportnow,thefoodpolicearedeterminedthatthis__3__shouldbe

renderedyetanotherguiltypleasure__4__todamageourhealth.

TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has__5__apublicwarningabouttherisksofa

compoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked__6__

meansthatpeopleshould__7__crispingtheirroastpotatoes,spurnthin-crustpizzasand

only__8__reistheevidencetosupportsuchalarmist

advice?__9__studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauneurologicaldamageinmice,

thereisno__10__evidencethatitcauscancerinhumans.

Scientistssaythecompoundis"__11__tobecarcinogenic"buthavenohardscientific

proof.__12__theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis__13__tofollowthe

FSAadvice.__14__,itwasrumoredthatsmokingcaudcancerforyearsbeforethe

evidencewasfoundtoprovea__15__.

Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe__16__uponSundayalongsidesome

steamedvegetables,ldlifebeworth

living?__17__,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods__18__,butto

r,their__19__riskscomingacrossaxhortationand

nthealthscaresjust__20__withnoonelistening.

wardsCOnDTill

BexpressCsatisfyDinfluence

nceBenjoymentCsurpriDconcern

sifiedBprivilegedCcompelledDguaranteed

dBreceivedCignoredDcanceled

BatCforDby

tBregretCfinishDavoid

allyBregularlyCeasilyDinitially

sBSinceCIfDWhile

daryBexternalCinconclusiveDnegative

ficientBboundClikelyDslow

basisofBAtthecostofCInadditiontoDIncontrastto

estingBadvisableCurgentDfortunate

alBInparticularCBydefinitionDAfterall

blanceBcombinationCconnectionDpattern

rvedCsavedDud

airBForinstanceCTobebriefDingeneral

tantlyBentirelyCgraduallyDcarefully

BexperienceCcampaignDcompetition

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wupBpickupCopenupDendup

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor

uranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

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andhercolleaguearguethata"townofculture"awardwould___.

idatethetowncitytiesinBritain

ecooperationamongBrain'stowns

theeconomicstrengthofBrain'stowns

rain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.

ingtoparagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas______..

blecompromi

-deceivingattempt

-catchingbonus

cessibletarget

horsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit______

ortomaintainitsimage

heaspirationofitspeople

itslocalartstoprominence

stoitslong-termgrowth

24.“Glasgow”ismentionedinParagraph3toprent______

astingca

rtingexample

roundstory

edtopic

theauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?

al

Text2

istsneedjoumalsin

whichtopublish

theirrearch,cientists

performthespecialidworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauitisacentralelementin

theacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperscuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfndamarketfor

hiscentury,ific

publishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatime

whentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.

TheDutchgiantElvier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedin

theworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespent

morethan£210min2016toenablerearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedrearch;

bothfiguresemtoriunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,

akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,tupin2012,whichnowclaimstooffer

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cessofSci-Hub,which

reliesonrearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemlveslegallyaccesd,showsthe

legalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsursandmustbetransformedsothatit

worksforallparticipants.

InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.

anhalfofallBritishscientificrearchis

nowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentof

publication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbefore

beingplacedongeneralrelea.

hers

haverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbycharging

angefromaround￡500

to$5,tlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthe’’

articlepreparationcosts’’ways

thescientificpublishingmodelremblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:labouris

providedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbig

cas,weneedarebalancingofpower.

ificpublishingisenas“alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecau________

[A]itsfundinghanjoyedasteadyincrea.

[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.

[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.

[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.

ingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElvierhave________

[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.

[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.

[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.

[D]financedrearchersgenerously.

stheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?

[A]Relieved.

[B]Puzzled.

[C]Concerned

[D]Encouraged.

elearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms________

[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.

[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.

[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.

[D]freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens.

fthefollowingcharacteristhescientificpublishingmodel?

[A]Trialsubscriptionisoffered.

[B]Labourtriumphsoverstatus.

[C]Costsarewellcontrolled.

D]Thefewfeedonthemany.

Text3

Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytolevelthe

toooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthat

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benefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.

ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachuttsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouSpeaker

ProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provide

acainpoint.

HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsare

rtoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuch

opportunities,illsbecomelaw,

stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtotaside50percentofboardatsfor

womenby2022.

ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifomia,whichlastyearbecame

ingthemeasure,

CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeople

onthebasisofx,isprobablyunconstitutional.

TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonx-badclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedto

addressan"important"policyinterest,BecautheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,even

wherethereisnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolates

theconstitutionalguaranteeof"equalprotection".

Butaresuchgovernmentmandatevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporate

boardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepereentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butso

what?

Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithout

ingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015the

shareofwomenontheboardsofglobalcorporationsincreadby54percent.

Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwill

exactlywhathappened

whenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.

WrtinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunities

forboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentorveonsuch

boardshasledtoa"goldenskirt"phenomenon,wherethesameclitewomenscoopup

multipleatsonavarietyofboards.

Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,

rememberthatsuchpoliciesarelargelylf-rvingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsors

feelgoodbutdolitletohelpaveragewomen.

horbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwills________

[A]helplittletoreducegenderbias.

[B]poathreattothestategovernment.

[C]raiwomen'spositioninpolitics.

[D]greatlybroadencareeroptions.

fthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?

[A]Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.

[B]ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt,

[C]ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.

[D]Itwillttlethepriorcontroversies.

hormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoilustrate____

[A]theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision.

[B]theimportanceofconstitutionalguaranees.

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[C]thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations.

[D]theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions.

'sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto____

[A]theunderestimationofelitewomen'srole.

[B]theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards.

[C]theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard.

[D]thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement.

fthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

[A]Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.

[B]Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicymaking.

[C]Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.

[D]Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.

Text4

LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepasdadigitalrvicestax,whichwouldimpo

anentirelynewtax

onlargemull

rvicesincludeeverythingfromprovidingaplatformforllinggoodsandrvicesonline

totargetingadvertisingbadonurdata,andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuch

enchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshavereferredtothisasa“GAFAtax,"

meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,Apple,Facebook

andAmazon-inotherwords,multiationaltechcompaniesbadintheUnitedStates.

ThedigitalrvicestaxnowawaitsthesignatureofPresidentEmmanuelMacron,who

haxpresdsupportforthemeasure,anditcouldgointoeffectwithinthenextfewweeks.

Butithasalreadysparkedsignificantcontroversy,withtheUniteSatestradereprentative

openinganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminatesagainstAmericancompanies,

whichinturncouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance.

d,

thedigitalrvicestaxispartofamuchlargertrend,withcountriesoverthepastfewyears

proposi

haveincludedBritain'sDPT(divertedprofitstax),Australia'sMAAL(multinational

antiavoidancelaw),andIndia'sSEP(significanteconomicprence)test,tonamebutafew.

Atthesametime,theEuropeanUnion,Spain,Britainandveralothercountrieshaveall

riouslycontemplateddigitalrvicestaxes.

Theunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesignedtotax

multinationalsonincomeandrevenuethatcountriesbelievetheyshouldhavearighttotax,

rwords,theyallsharea

viewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeep;upwiththecurrenteconomy.

Inrespontothemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomic

CooperationandDevelopment(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreacha

anceandtheUnitedStates

areinvolvedintheorganization'swork,butFrance'sdigitalrvicestaxandtheAmerican

responraiquestionsaboutwhatthefutureholdsfortheinternationaltaxsystem.

France‘splannedtaxisaclearwarning:Unlessabroadconnsuscanbereachedon

reformingtheinternationaltaxsystem,othernationsarelikelytofollowsuit,andAmerican

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companieswillfaceacascadeofdifferenttaxesfromdozensofnationsthatwillprove

burdensomeandcostly.

nchSenatehaspasdabillto_____

[A]regulatedigitalrvicesplatforms.

[B]protectFrenchcompanies'interests.

[C]impoalevyontechmultinationals.

[D]curbtheinfluenceofadvertising.

elearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalrvicestax_____

[A]maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance.

[B]isapttoaroucriticismathomeandabroad.

[C]aimstoeainternationaltradetensions.

[D]willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance.

ntriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat_____

[A]redistributionoftechgiants'revenuemustbeensured.

[B]thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgrading.

[C]techmultinationals'monopolyshouldbeprevented.

[D]allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights.

elearnedfromPara5thattheOECO'scurrentwork_____

[A]isbeingresistedbyUScompanies.

[B]needstobereadjustedimmediately.

[C]isfacedwithuncertainprospects.

[D]needstoininvolvemorecountries.

tleforthistext?

[A]FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctions

[B]FranceleadsthechargeonDigitalTax

[C]FranceSays"NO"toTechMultinationals

[D]FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomy

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,stions41-45,choo

tre

twoextrachoices,uranswersonANSWER

SHEET.(10points)

[A]Eyefixactionsarebrief

[B]Toomucheyecontactisinstinetivelyfelttoberude

[C]Eyecontactcanbeafriendlysocialsignal

[D]Personalitycanaffecthowapersonreactstoeyecontact

[E]Biologicalfactorsbehindeyecontactarebeinginvestigated

[F]Mostpeoplearenotcomfortableholdingeyecontactwithstrangers

[G]Eyecontactcanalsobeaggressive.

Inasocialsituation,eyecontactwithanotherpersoncanshowthatyouarepayingattention

analsobeantagonisticsuchaswhenapoliticalcandidatetums

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towardthe

'swhathardsciencerevealsabouteyecontact:

41.________________

Weknowthatatypicalinfantwillinstinctivelygazeintoitsmother'yes,andshewilllook

adulthood,lookingsomeoneelinapleasantwaycanbeacomplimentarysignofpaying

atchsomeone'sattentioninacrowdedroom,"Eyecontactandsmile"can

signalavailabilityandconfidence,acommon-nnotionsupportedinstudiesby

psychologistMonicaMoore.

42.

NeuroscientistBonnieAugeungfoundthatthehormoneoxytocinincreadtheamountof

eyecontactfrommentowardtheinterviewerduringabriefinterviewwhenthedirectionof

salsofoundinhigh-functioningmenwithsomeautistic

spectrumsymptoms,icbrainregionsthatrespond

duringdirectgazearebeingexploredbyotherrearches,usingadvancedmethodsofbrain

scanning.

43.__

Withtheuofeye-trackingtechnology,JuliaMinsonoftheHarvardKennedySchoolof

Governmentconcludedthateyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessages,

dependingonthesituationWhileeyecontactmaybeasignofconnectionortrustinfriendly

situations,it'smorelikelytobeassociatedwithdominanceOFintimidationinadversarial

ryou'reapoliticianoraparent,itmightbehelpfultokeep'inmindthat

tryingtomaintaineyecontactmaybackfireifyou'retryingtoconvincesomeonewhohasa

differenttofbeliefsthanyou,"saidMinson.

44.________

Whenwelookatafaceorapicture,oureyespauononespotatatime,oftenontheeyes

austypicallyoccurataboutthreepercond,andtheeyesthenjump

toanotherspot,untilveralimportantpointsintheimageareregisteredlikeariesof

wholeimageisthenasmbledandperceivedisstillamysteryalthough

itisthesubjectofcurrentrearch.

45.________

Inpeoplewhoscorehighinatestofneuroticism,apersonalitydimensionassociatedwith

lf-consciousnessandanxiety,eyecontacttriggeredmoreactivityassociatedwith

avoidance,dings

indicatethatpeopledonotonlyfeeldifferentwhentheyarethecentreofattentionbutthat

theirbrainreactionsalsodiffer-"Amoredirectfindingisthatpeoplewhoscoredhighfor

negativeemotionslikeanxietylookedatothersforshorterperiodsoftimeandreported

morecomfortablefeelingswhenothersdidnotlookdirectlyatthem.

PartCTranslation

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedgmentsintoChine.

YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

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FollowingtheexplosionofcreativityinFlorenceduringthe14thcenturyknownasthe

Renaissance,edfrom

GodandtheauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurchandinsteadfavouredamorehumanistic

sanceideashadspreadthroughoutEuropewellintothe17th

century,withtheartsandsciencesflourishingextraordinarilyamongthowithamore

（thegapbetween）thechurch'steachingsandwaysofthinking

beingeclipdbytheRenaissance,thegapbetweenthemedievalandmodernperiodshad

beenbridged,leadingtonewandunexploredintellectualterritories.

DuringtheRenaissance,thegreatmindsofNicolausCopernicus,JohannesKeplerand

eachof

theirrevelations,manythinkersatthetimehadsustainedmoreancientwaysofthinking,

inicus

theorizedin1543thatinactualfact,alloftheplanetsthatweknewofrevolvednotaround

theEarth,buttheSun,ng

upsuchatheoryduringatimeofhightensionbetweenscientificandreligiousmindswas

brandedasheresy,andanysuchhereticsthatcontinuedtospreadtheliesweretobe

owaxcommunicatedbytheChurchand

imprisonedforlifeforhisastronomicalobrvationsandhissupportoftheheliocentric

principle.

eattemptsbytheChurchtostrong-armthisnewgenerationoflogiciansand

rationalists,moreexplanationsforhowtheuniverfunctionedwerebeingmade,andata

iththegreat

revelationsthatanewkindofphilosophyfoundedinreasonwasborn.

TheChurch'slong-standingdogmawaslosingthegreatbattlefortruthtorationalists

ryfactembodiedthenewwaysofthinkingthatsweptthroughEurope

tookonthedutyoftryingtointegrate

aissancewasoveranditwas

timeforanewera-theAgeofReason.

ific

method,reductionismandthequestioningofChurchidealswastobeencouraged,aswere

ideasofliberty,tionstoekknowledgeandto

understandwhatinformationwealreadyknewwerecapturedbytheLatinphra'sapere

aude'or'daretoknow',afterImmanuelKantuditinhissayAnAnswertotheQuestion:

WhatisEnlightenment?Itwasthepurpoandresponsibilityofgreatmindstogoforthand

ekoutthetruth,whichtheybelievedtobefoundedinknowledge.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

ions:

TheStudentUnionofyouruniversityhasassignedyoutoinformtheinternationalstud

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ouranswe

yournameinthenotice.

PartB

52:Directions:

essay,youshould:

1)Describethepicturebriefly;

2)Interprettheimpliedmeaning,and

3)Giveyourcomments

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