落堕市安心阳光实验学校高考英语易错点点
睛与高考突破专题08形容词性从句
【2013高考预测】
1.正确区分关系代词与关系副词的用法
2.对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查介词是用which还是用
whom;介词如何确定
3.关系代词as的用法
4.介词+关系代词引导定语从句考查重点
5.
【难点突破】
一、形容词的位置
3.成
对的形容词可以后置。
Therewasahugeroom,simpleandbeautiful.
有一个大房间,简单而美丽。
4.当“形容词+不定式”构成的短语作定语时,需后置。
Amansodifficulttopleamustbehardtoworkwith.
一个如此难以取悦的人一定很难共事。
5.当old,long,high,wide,deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时,需
后置。
Atthattimeshewasonlyagirlfiveyearsold.
那时,她只是一个5岁的小女孩。
7.表语
形容词
表语形容词(如:afraid,alone,awake,asleep,alive,alike,ashamed,
afloat,well,sorry,unable,worth,sure)并非只能作表语,它们还可以
作补足语,有的还可以作后置定语(一般不作前置定语)。
Shewastheonlypersonawakethatnight.
她是那天晚上唯一醒着的人。
例1、(2012·天津卷)Thedogmaybeagoodcompanionfortheold.
________,theneedtotakeitforwalksmaybeadisadvantage.
A.BesidesB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Instead
答案:B
解析:狗可跟老人做伴,但遛狗也是麻烦事,逻辑转折,故选B。
例2、(2012·四川卷)Imake2,000aweek.60surelywon'tmake
________differencetome.
A.thatabigB.athatbigC.bigathatD.thatbiga
答案:D
解析:that相当于so,作程度副词。
例3、句型转换
it,though.
=________itwasahardjob,hetookit.
=Itwasahardjob.________,hetookit.
=Hard________thejobwas,hetookit.
②Helefthometwoweeksagoandwehaven’theardfromhimever
since.
=Wehaven’theardfromhim________helefthometwoweeksago.
答案:①Though/although;However;as/though②since
例4、单项填空
①(2012·四川卷)Thehotelisalmostfinished,butit________needs
oneortwoweekstogetreadyforguests.
A.onlyB.alsoC.evenD.still
③
(2011·江西卷)Thehouwastooexpensiveandtoobig.______,I'dgrown
fondofourlittlerentedhou.
A.BesidesB.ThereforeC.SomehowD.Otherwi
答案:A
解析:句意:这个房子太贵、太大了,此外我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小
屋了。本题考查副词辨析。besides此外;therefore因此;somehow不知怎
么地;otherwi否则。前句“房子又贵、又大”以及后句“我对出租屋的感
情越来越深”都是我们不买这个房子的原因。故答案为A。
④(2011·全国Ⅱ卷)Itisonethingtoenjoylisteningtogoodmusic,
butitis________anothertoplayitwellyourlf.
A.quiteB.veryC.ratherD.much
⑥
(2011·安徽卷)________,Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepain
wasworthitintheend.
A.HopefullyB.NormallyC.ThankfullyD.Conveniently
⑧
(2010·辽宁卷)Jimwenttoanswerthephone.________,Harrystarted
topreparelunch.
A.HoweverB.NeverthelessC.BesidesD.Meanwhile
⑩
(2009·安徽卷)—Doyouthinkit'sagoodideatomakefriendswithyour
students?
—________,it'sagreatidea.
A.ReallyB.ObviouslyC.ActuallyD.Generally
⑫
(广东卷)Sometimesitwasabitboringtoworktherebecautherewasn't
always________muchtodo.
A.suchB.thatC.moreD.very
答案:B
解析:修饰much要用that。that作副词的意思是“那样”,相当于so,
thatmuch那么多。
⑬(北京春季卷)—Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden,
acarcutinandknockedmedown.
—Youcanneverbe________carefulinthestreet.
A.muchB.veryC.soD.too
【易错
点点睛】
易错点点睛1正确区分关系代词与关系副词的用法
dinourgarden,TomandJimweretryingabigsignonto
oneofthetrees.
famousbasketballstar,__triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotof
attention.
【错误解答】C
【错解分析】考生认为“that不可引导非限制性定语从句,那就只填
which了”。做定语从句时,考生应分析该定语从句缺什么成分,再看先行词,
然后确定是填关系代词还是关系副词;本题是道非限制性定语从句题,而且该
从句中很明显缺主语,故A、B不行,C项which指代物,不能指代人,故选D。
【正确解答】D
inkofmanycasstudentsobviouslyknewalotof
Englishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.
5.
Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,_shewantedtobe.
【特别
提醒】
1.定语从句相当于一个形容词,起定词作用,修饰名词或代词
2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:(1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在
定语从句中充当一定的成分。
3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副
词,决不要因先行词是时间名词就用When,是地点名词就用Where。
4.当先行词指物时,许多情况下既可以用关系代词which,也可以用关系
代词that,但在下列情况下,只能使用关系代词that。
(1)当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,someting,everything,
anything,nothing,none,theone时。
例如:
Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourlf?
Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.
(2)当先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,very等词修饰
时。例如:
ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.
Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.
(3)当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。例如:
Thisisthebestthathasheenwdagainstpollution.
ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeveren.
(4)当先行词是序数词或它前有一个序数词时,例如
ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoHuangzhou.
WhatisthefirstAnericanfilmthatyouhaveen?
(5)当先行词既人又有物时,例如:
Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
(6)当主句的主语是疑句词who或which时。例如:
Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?
(7)有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词正用which,另外一个空用
that。例如:
Theycretlybuitupasmallfactorywhichproducedthingsthat
couldcaupollution.
【变式探究】
1Afterlivinginparisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown
__hegrewupasachild.
答案:B
解析:定语从句缺地点状语。
2Ineverforgetthedays__wespenttogether.
答案:A
解析:that在定语从句中作“spent”的宾语。
3Haveyouenthefilm“Titanic”,__leadingactorisworld
famous?
’
答案:C
解析:who作定语从句中主语的定语。
易错点点睛2对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查;介词是
用which还是用whom;介词如何确定
1—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?
—Thereisnooneel,isthere?
turnto
toturn
askedthepoliceman__heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasan
accident.
5.I
havemanyfriend,__somearebusiness.
ich
【错误解答】A或B
【错解分析】先行词是manyfriends,someofwhom,whom是关系,
代词,指代朋友们,与介词一起移至先行词后面。
【正确解答】D
【特别提醒】
“介词+关系代词”引导的定词从句是定词从句中较复杂的一种,一般多
用于上式文件中。此类定语从句的关系代词主要有which,whom,who。它
们既可引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句。学习这种定语从
句时主注意以下几种情况:
一、注意介词的先取。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,介词的
选取应根据以下几点:
1.根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。例如:
Whoisthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?
TheTwothingsaboutwhichKarlMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammar
andsomeoftheidioms.
2.根据定语从句意思的需要,此时前后搭配都要注意。例如:
Hehadabadcold,becauofwhichhedidntattendthemeeting.
Thespeedatwhichthecarrunsdependsontheroadcondition.
3.根据意思可用复杂介词,如bymeansof,asaresultof,infrontof,
inthebackof,a11Of,mostof等,例如:
Theinstrumentbymeansofwhichthetemperatureismeasuredis
calledthermometer.
Therearefortystudentsintheclassroom,allofwhomaeworking
hardataprobleminmaths.
二、注意关系代词的选取。在“介词+关系代词”引导的空语从句中,
如果,关系代词指事物就用which;如果指人则用whom;若表示“…”的则用
who.例如:
Thisistheclassroominwhichwestudidedlastyear
Helivesinahou,whodooropenstothennorth.
三、注意“介词+where”引导的定语从句。有时有阅读过程中我们会碰
到“介词+where”引导的定语从句,此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从
句从意义上加以区别。例如:
Theystoodonthetopofthebuilding,fromwheretheycoulde
thewholecity.(fromwhere相当于)fromthetopofthebuilding,
而不是fromthebuilding)
【变式探究】
1Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tapersonshecouldturn
forhelp.
答案:D
解析:turntosbforhelp.
2Thisisthebook__Ipaidtenyuan.
.
offwhich
答案:A
解析:pay+钱数+forsth.
3Thisisthefactory__Iwork.
5
TheteacherdiscusdwithJim,__problemswaspoorstudyhabits.
ho
答案:D
解析:根据句意是那个学生的问题之一。
易错点点睛3关系代词as的用法
nannounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextmonth.
2.
Theword“write”hasthesamepronunciation__theword“right”
【错误解答】C
【错解分析】考生不明白此题在考查as引导的限制性定语从句用法。as
引导的限制性定语从句既可指人又可指物,它只能替代由sach,thesame等
修饰的先行词,故选B。
【正确解答】B
【特别提醒】
关系代词as引导的定语从句
关系代词as既可引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性性定语从句,
as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
引导限制性定语从句时,一般用于下列句式:
其中关系代词as在从句中可担当主语、宾语或表语。例如:
Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareudintheirfactory.(作主
语)
Suchpeopleasyoudescriblearethoughttobefoolsnowadys.(作
宾语)
Heisnotthesamemanashewas.(作表语)
(2)...suchas...
这里such为代词,意思是“这样的人或物”,as在从句中担任成分,修
饰先行词such。例如:
Heturnedouttobeverysuccessful,whichwasmorethanwecould
expect.
Asisknowntoall,Edisoninventedthetelephone.
引导的非限制性定语从句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还
可插入主句中,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主语之后。相同的
是两者都可代指主句的整个内容,而不是主句中的某一个词。例如:
Heturnedouttobeverysuccessful,whichwasmorethanwecould
expect.
Asisknowntoall,Edisoninventedthetelephone.
【变式探究】
1ThatPasngerwasveryimpolitetotheconductor,__ofcour,
madethingvenwor.
答案:D
解析:which引导的非限制性定语从句。
idyoubuyit?Iwillbuy
thesamebook__youhavebought.
答案:B
解析:thesame…as…
3__weallknow,Taiwanispartofchina.
2
Therearetwobuildings,standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.
gerofthem
gerofwhich
答案:D
解析:“介+关系代词”引导的定词从句。
3Iworkinabusiness__almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreat
chance.
答案:C
解析:where引导的定语从句,在从句中做地点状语。
4Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantothe
others,,ofcour,madetheothernvyhim.
答案:D
解析:which引导非限制性定语从句,作主语。
5isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwo
countriesaremakingprogress.
7
Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone__they
cantalkfrequently.
om
答案:D
解析:“talkwithsb”,故用withwhom引导。
8TheEnglishplay__mystudentsactedattheNewYear’sparty
wasagreatsuccess.
h
h
答案:C
解析:actintheEngishplay,故用inwhich引导。
9Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout__wewouldhavelost
ourway.
答案:D
解析:withoutaroadmap,故用withoutwhich引导。
10Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace,justasthename
suggests,eatingisperformedquickly.
答案:B
解析:关系副词where作地点状语。
14We
willbeshownaroundthecity:schools,muums,andsomeother
places,othervisitorsldomgo.
答案:C
解析:关系副词where作地点状语。
15Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome__Iwastakengoodcare
ofinthatfar-awayvillage.
答案:C
解析:关系副词when作时间状语。
16__isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonce
everymonth.
答案:B
解析:as引导的非限制性定语从句。
19It
wasanexcitingmomentforthefootballfansthisyear,for
thefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldup.
答案:D
解析:关系副词when作时间状语。
20Thenews__isspreadingaroundtheairportis__aheavystorm
iscoming.
,/;that
C./;;which
答案:B
解析:关系代词that充当从句的主语不可省略。
21Themystery__haspuzzledalotofpeopleissillunsolved.
答案:A
解析:which作定语从句的主语,先行词为mystery.
22XiaoWangworksforafactory__makescomputers.
h
答案:C
解析:which作定语从句的主语,先行词为mystery.
26Themodeldriverislookingforalady__purwasleftinthecar
thismorning.
答案:B
解析:本定语从句缺关系代词who修饰pur.
27Thereasonhedidnotattendwasthathewasill.
答案:C
解析:从句中缺表原因的关系副词故用why引导。
28Somepeopledon’tknowwhocanmendsuchalamp__hasgone
wrong.
./
答案:D
解析:shch…as.
29Thegoldenruleaboutanything__worksbyelectricityisto
switchoffbeforeyoutouchanythinganddon’tpretendyouknowwhen
youdon’t.
./
31
Thiscompany,offeredlifeinsurance,collectedsmallsumsof
moneyregularlyfrommanydifferentmen.
答案:B
解析:本从句缺主语,先行词为company,that不可引导。
32Thefood__weeatemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.
A./
34
YehudiMenuhinisaviolinist__playingisknownallovertheworld.
./
答案:C
解析:关系代词who修饰playing.
35Sometimesthereisananswersheetlettersornumbersare
printed.
./
38
rgoes
forpersons
答案:C
解析:本句关系代词作主词并且缺部分谓语,先行词为复数。
Tho__developedhobbiesneverneedtoworryaboutwhattodowith
theirleisurehours.
ve
e
答案:D
解析:thowho...,谓词用复数。
40Someofthethings__arestampsanddolls.
答案:A
解析:先行词为some,根据规定用that
41Welookedbackoverall__happenedduringthepastyear,to
ourlves,toourcityandtotheworld.
ave
答案:C
解析:先行词为all(指物),引导词为that,谓语用单数。
44Mostofthejokes__toldbycomediansaresoonforgotten.
re
答案:D
解析:先行词为复数名词jokes.
.
./
答案:A
解析:as...as.
46Themostimportantroadspavedwithlargestones.
re
答案:C
解析:先行词被最高级修饰,且先行词为复数故用“thatare.”
47Idon’tknowthereasonyouridea.
答案:C
解析:关系副词why表原因。
48Theearthisahugehall,70%ofcoveredwithwater.
re
答案:A
Ⅱ.完型填空
InthewateraroundNewYorkcityisaverysmallisland51
rtyIslandthereisaveryspe-cial52called
eofthe53famoussightsintheworld.
54StatueofLibertywasagift55thepeopleofFrancetothe
tuewasmade56aFrench
ersupport57was
designedbyGustaveEiffel,thesameman58madethefamousEiffel
Towerin59.
Liberty,ofcour,60freedom,andtheStatueofLibertywas
giventothePassageedStatesto61theone62anniversaryofUS
tuewasbuiltinFrance,taken64
pened
for66__publiconOctober28,1886.
67youmightexpect,rscanride
want
to,theycanthen69upthe168stepstoreachtheheadofthestatue
70theycanlookoutandenjoythebeautifulSightofthecityofNew
York.
答案:D
解析:过去分词作定语,表被动含义。
答案:B
解析:by+动作的发出者。
ion
答案:A
解析:system“系统,体系”。
答案:B
解析:who引导定语从句修饰theman作主语。
gton
答案:A
解析:根据常识EiffelTowerTijParis可知。
es
答案:A
解析:mean“意思是……”。
ten
ed
答案:A
解析:“rebuild”与上文的“takeapart”呼应。
答案:C
解析:thepublic公众,民众。
答案:D
解析:Asyoumightexpect,“正如你所期望的……”
Ⅲ.短文改错
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号自,每一行做出判断;如无
错误,在该行右边横线上画一个(√);如有错误(每行只有一个错误),则按
下列情况改正:
此行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,
并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^),在该行右边横线上写出该
加的词。
此行错一个词:在错的词下画一横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
ondof
ralspeaking,she71__
答案:解析:去掉speaking
,itis72__
答案:解析:“spent”改
为“spends”
awonderfulplacebecauyouneverknowthat73__
答案:解析:“that”改
为“what”
iday,she74__
答案:解析:√
foundane-pal,thatcalledhimlf“Future.”75__
答案:解析:“that”改为“who”
Theypromidtokeeptouchwitheachother.76__
答案:解析:“keep”后加“in”
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