expressionism

1、theLostGeneration

Ingeneral;thepost-WorldWarIgeneration;s

whocameofageduringthewarandestablishedtheirliteraryreputationsinthe1920s.

ThetermstemsfromaremarkmadebyGertrudeSteintoErnestHemingway;“You

areallalostgeneration.”HemingwayuditasanepigraphtoTheSunAlsoRis

erationwas“lost”inthenthatitsinheritedvalueswerenolonger

re;

baskingunderPresidentHarding's“backtonormalcy”policy;emedtoitsmembers

tobehopelesslyprovincial;materialistic;membraces

Hemingway;itzgerald;JohnDosPassos;gsandmanyother

writerswhomadeParisthecentreoftheirliteraryactivitiesinthe're

1930s;asthewritersturnedindifferentdirections;

treprentative

worksoftheerawereFitzgerald'sTender

Lostgeneration

ThelostgenerationisatermfirstudbySteintodescribethepost-warIgeneration

ofAmericanwriters:menandwomenhauntedbyanofbetrayalandemptiness

broughtaboutbythedestructivenessofthewar.2>fullofyouthfulidealism;the

individualssoughtthemeaningoflife;drankexcessively;hadloveaffairsandcreated

someofthefinestAmericanliteraturetodate.3>thethreebest-knownreprentatives

itzgerald;HemingwayandJohndosPassos.

Lostgeneration

TheLostGenerationisagroupofexpatriateAmericanwritersresidingprimarilyin

upwasgivenitsnamebytheAmerican

writerGertrudeStein;whoud“alostgeneration”torefertoexpatriateAmericans

bitterabouttheirWorldWarIexperiencesanddisillusionedwithAmericansociety.

He

consistedofmanyinfluentialAmericanwriters;includingErnestHemingway;F.

ScottFitzgerald;WilliamCarlosWilliamsandArchibaldMacLeish.

2、IcebergTheory

ItisatermudtodescribethewritingstyleofAmericanwriterErnestHemingway.

Themeaningofapieceisnotimmediatelyevident;becauthecruxofthestorylies

belowthesurface;justasmostofthemassofarealicebergsimilarlyliesbeneaththe

surface.

IcebergTheory

ErnestHemingway’s“icebergtheory”suggeststhatthewriterincludeinthetextonly

asmallportionofwhatheknows;leavingaboutninetypercentofthecontenta

terofproknows

enoughaboutwhatheiswritingabouthemayomitthingsthatwillhaveafeelingof

nityof

writerdoesnotneedtorevealeverydetailofacharacteroraction

ngyouknow

epartthatdoesn’tshow.

1938PPT

3、Codehero

TheHemingwayheroisanaveragemanofdecidedlymasculinetastes;nsitiveand

intelligent;amanofaction;anindividualistkeeping

emotionsundercontrol;eople

areusuallyspiritualstrong;peopleofcertainskills;andmostofthemencounterdeath

oesinhisbookareallhavesomethingincommonwhich

Hemingwayvalues:theyhaveenthecoldworldandforonecauoranother;they

boldlyandcourageouslyfacethereality;whatevertheresultis;theyarereadytolive

ingwaycodeherohasanindestructiblespiritfor

hisoptimisticviewoflife;thoughheispessimisticthatisHemingway.

4、Streamofconsciousness

Thecontinuousflowofn-perceptions;thoughts;feelings;andmemoriesinthehumanmi

nd:oraliterarymethodofreprentingsuchablendingofmentalprocessinfictionalcharact

ers;usuallyinanunpunctuatedordisjointformofinteriormonologue.注：

n-perceptions：认知;观念blending：混合物unpunctuated:未加标点的

Disjoint：脱节

5、Imagism

movementinsistsonthecreationofimagesinpoetryby“thedirecttreatmentofthe

thing”andtheeconomyofwording.“poetictechniquestorecordexactlythe

momentaryimpressions”TheleadersofthismovementwereEzraPoundandAmy

Lowell.

ThreemainprinciplesoftheImagistMovement1912:

1directtreatmentofpoeticsubjects

2eliminationofmerelyornamentalorsuperfluouswords;tounowordthatdoes

notcontributetotheprentation.

3rhythmicalcompositioninthequenceofthemusicalphraratherthaninthe

quenceofametronome.

4pound’sInaStationoftheMetroisawell-knownpoem.

Majorfeatures:

---itwasoneofthemostesntialtechniqueofwritingpoetryinmodernperiod.

---withaspiritofrevoltagainstconventions;imagismwasanti—romanticand

anti-victorian

---Inan;imagismwaquivalenttonaturalisminfiction

---itproducedfreeverwithoutimposingarhythmicalpattern.

---Imagismtriedtorecordobjectiveobrvationsofanobjectorasituationwithout

interpretationorcommentbythepoet.

---itproducedfreeverwithoutimposingarhythmicalpattern.

---Imagismtriedtorecordobjectiveobrvationsofanobjectorasituationwithout

interpretationorcommentbythepoet.

Themostoutstandingfigures:

EzraPoundAmyLowellHildaDoolittle

TheformoffreeverEzraLoomisPound

影响itsinfluence

1theimagisttheoriescallforbrieflanguage;describingtheprecipictureinasfew

wwayofpoetrycompositionhasalastinginfluenceinthe

20thcenturypoetry.

2)reno

reapparentindiscriminatelinebreaks;whichreflectsthe

tusthelengthofthe

linesandthestrangegroupingsofwordstoshowhowlifeitlfcanbebrokenupinto

somehowmeaninglessclusters

6、Modernism

Modernwritingismarkedbyastrongandconsciousbreakwithtraditionalformsand

techniquesofexpression;itbelievesthatwecreatetheworldintheactofperceiving

ismimplieshistoricaldiscontinuity;anofalienation;ofloss;andof

atestheindividualandhisinnerbeingoversocialmanandprefersthe

unconscioustothelf-conscious.

Modernism来自老师的PPT

Ageneraltermappliedretrospectivelytothewiderangeofexperimentaland

avant-gardetrendsintheliteratureandotherartsoftheearly20thcentury;including

Symbolism;Futurism;Expressionism;Imagism;Vorticism;Dada;andSurrealism;

alongwiththeinnovationsofunaffiliatedwriters.

7、TheHarlemRenaissance

TheHarlemRenaissance;afloweringofliteratureandtoalesrextentotherartsin

NewYorkCityduringthe1920sand1930s;haslongbeenconsideredbymanytobe

ablyhaditsfoundationinthe

whobelievedthataneducatedBlackeliteshouldlead

herbelievedthathispeoplecouldnotachievesocial

equalitybyemulatingwhiteideals;thatequalitycouldbeachievedonlybyteaching

ghthe

Renaissancewasnotaschool;nordidthewritersassociatedwithitshareacommon

purpo;neverthelesstheyhadacommonbond:theydealtwithBlacklifefroma

hemajorwriterswhoareusuallyviewedaspartofthe

HarlemRenaissanceareClaudeMcKay;CounteeCullen;LangstonHughes;Zora

NealeHurston;RudolphFisher;JamesWeldonJohnson;andJeanToomer.

HarlemRenaissance

主要作品：TheWearyBlues;TheDreamkeeperandOtherPoems;FineClothesto

theJew

8、PostmodernismFromWikipedia;thefreeencyclopedia

Postmodernismisatermwhichdescribesthepostmodernistmovementinthearts;its

generaltheera

uentlyrvesasanambiguousoverarchingterm

forskepticalinterpretationsofculture;literature;art;philosophy;economics;

architecture;fiction;tenassociatedwithdeconstruction

andpost-structuralismbecauitsusageasatermgainedsignificantpopularityatthe

sametimeastwentieth-centurypost-structuralthought.

后现代主义是一个术语;它描述了后现代主义运动在艺术;文化倾向和相关的文化

运动..它是在一般的时代;遵循现代主义..它经常作为一个模棱两可的总体长期持

怀疑态度的诠释;文化;文学;艺术;哲学;经济学;建筑;小说;文学批评..它往往是与

解构主义和后结构主义;因为它作为一个长期使用在20世纪后期的结构思想的同

时;取得了显着的普及..

9、Blackhumor

Thetermblackhumorwascreatedin1920s;

particularlyaliteraryphenomenoninAmericaafterWWⅡ.Blackhumor;in

literature;isdrama;novel;andfilm;grotesqueormorbidhumorudtoexpressthe

absurdity;innsitivity;paradox;ry

charactersorsituationsareusuallyexaggeratedfarbeyondthelimitsofnormalsatire

umorusdevicesoftenassociatedwithtragedyandissometimes

HellerandKuryVonnegutarefamousfortheir

allyHeller’sCatch—22.

AmericanDream

TheAmericanDreamisthefaithheldbymanypeopleintheUnitedStatesof

Americathatthroughhardwork;courageanddeterminationonecanachieveabetter

lifeforonelf;erevaluesheldbymany

earlyEuropeanttlers;m

wasfirstudbyJamesTruslowAdamsinhisbookTheEpicofAmerica.

TheJazzAge

“TheJazzAge”describestheperiodtheperiodofthe1920sand1930s;theyears

betweenWorldWarIandWorldWarII;particularlyinNorthAmerica;withtheri

oftheGreatDepression;sthemost

itzgerald’sThe

GreatGatsby;highlightingwhatsomedescribeasthedecadenceandhedonism;as

raldislargelycreditedwithcoiningthe

term“TheJazzAge”.Itcanalsobeknownas“TheRoaringTwenties”and“The

DollarDecade.”