family business

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

Unit3

SectionIListeningComprehension

onversations

Directions:Inthisctionyou'carefullyand

choothebestanswertothequestionsyouhear.

practicedalot.

paidhighfees.

modelingexperiences.

plainedtotherightperson.

A

speaksfavorablyofit,whilethewomanspeaksunfavorably.

anspeaksfavorablyofit,whilethemanspeaksunfavorably.

emanandthewomanspeakfavorablyofit.

rthemannorthewomanspeaksfavorablyofit.

A

getablesandfruits.

fishandmeat.

ionaldiets.

ts.

D

’sablonde.

iesablonde’swhiteskin.

ksdarkandunattractive.

ksbrownandattractive.

D

ss.

ride.

gbody.

ce.

B

ameeting.

interview.

thegraduationceremony.

ompany.

C

tchthefinalintheTVroom.

eamoviesincehehastwotickets.

ethefinallivesincehehastwotickets.

thewatching.

C

hedrivinglicen.

refulindrivingthecar.

atrainingofherdrivingskills.

herdrivinglicenwithher.

B

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

randstudent.

andmother.

erandemployee.

sistantandcustomer.

B

eswiththewoman.

n’tagreewiththewoman.

oideaofthat.

eenAdamplaying.

B

nversations

Directions:Inthisctionyou'

carefullyandchoothebestanswertothequestionsyouhear.

Conversation1

asuitforafriend’swedding.

aweddingsuitforhiswedding.

asuitforajobinterview.

asuitforafuneral.

A

.

.

.

.

A

eitwillmakehimstandoutfromtherest.

eitiscommon.

ehealreadyhasthreeblacksuits.

eblackisdull.

A

Conversation2

etheycannotkeepwarm.

eyoucannotwearthemtotheofficeorwalkingdownthestreet.

etheyarenotbeautiful.

etheyonlysuitrichpeople.

B

ignerscanmeeteachotherthere.

ignerscanfindbusinesspartnersthere.

reatadvertisingcompaign.

sthedesignersachancetoshowwhattheywouldliketoepeoplewearing.

B

licity.

sonalinterest.

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

ichingpeople’simagination.

etchingtheirownimagination.

A

Conversation3

andearrings.

,earringsandananklet.

andbracelet.

gsandabracelet.

C

fashionvictim.

otafashionvictim.

nonoffashion.

alotofnoffashion.

B

coat,jeansandhighheels.

,jeansandhighheels.

top,jeans,andhighheelswithaflowerprinted.

ndhighheels.

C

4.A.$20.

B.$80.

C.$160.

D.$200.

C

tandingPassages

Directions:Inthisctionyou'carefullyandchoo

thebestanswertothequestionsyouhear.

Passage1

sarefantasy.

sarelikeart.

sarejustpracticalthingstokeeppeoplecovered.

saren’tordinarycover-upobjects.

C

24-year-oldnioratParsons.

Asiandesigner.

ingtobeinterviewedbythespeaker.

thattheluxurymarkethasshiftedtowardEurope.

D

ngisyourlife.

ngisameansofhumanexpressionandconnection.

nislikeart.

sarefantasy.

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

A

Passage2

ophomoreinaprestigiousuniversity.

eenworkingasanudemodelforayear.

omawell-to-dofamily.

s500yuanadayworkingasanudemodel.

C

eldanexhibitiontoshowthehistoryofnudemodels.

eldadebateoncampus.

xhibitedhernudephotosandvideos.

eldanartexhibitiontoshowtheworksofherclassmates.

C

etherearepotentialdangersthatthenudeimagescouldbemisudandeven

illegallydistributed.

eitisadecliningcareer.

ethecareerisnotastableone.

eshecannotearnenoughmoneytolive.

A

esheearnsmoneyfromherwork.

eshecanputherthoughtsinstudiestoherworkanddervesrespect.

esheshouldshowherbeautytotheworld.

eshehastherighttodowhatshelikes.

B

Passage3

stheirlives.

stheirhealth.

sthemdepresd.

stheirappetite.

B

2.A.20%.

B.50%.

C.79%.

D.80%.

D

hionruinsitsmodels.

reventthedamagesfromfashion.

hiondamagesordinarywomen.

hiondoesharmtoitstwogroupsofvictims.

D

al.

l.

roval.

erent.

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

C

Passage4

ficantamountoftimeinvestment.

effortsinvestment.

savingsinvestment.

luretobecreative.

C

rowedmoneyfromherfriends.

edherrelativesforhelp.

herownsavingsintothebusiness.

backonthecosts.

C

ingcosts.

ngcosts.

ndtariffs.

mentcosts.

D

Passage5

otbeeaten.

otbeworn.

ectsLadyGaga’sfashionhistory.

rybig.

C

orning.

dyGagainjoyingherbirthdayparty.

dyGagaishavingaconcertthatnight.

heconcert.

C

cialcake.

shesfromherfriends.

ogetherwithherfansandfriendsonstage.

ithherfamily.

C

ndDictation

Directions:e

passageisreadforthefirsttime,e

passageisreadforthecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththe

y,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,you

shouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

Passage1

Fashiondesignershelpcreatethebillionsofdress,suits,shoes,andotherclothingand

accessories(配饰)udyfashion(1),sketchdesignsof

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

clothingandaccessories,(2)colorsandfabrics(纤维织物),andoverethefinalproductionof

ngdesignerscreateandhelpproducepeople’sclothing,including(3)wear,

suits,sportswear,formalwear,outerwear,ardesignershelpcreate

andproducedifferent(4)orydesignershelpcreateandproduce(5)

suchashandbags,belts,scarves,andhats,which(6)

shiondesigners(7)inclothing,footwear,oraccessory

design,butotherscreatedesignsinallthreefashion(8).

Thedesignprocessfrominitialdesignconcepttofinalproductiontakesbetween18and24

months.(9).Somedesignersconducttheirownrearch,whileothersrelyontrendreports

publishedbyfashionindustrytradegroups.(10)

.Textile(纺织品)manufacturersuthetrendreportstobegindesigningfabricsandpatterns

whilefashiondesignersbegintosketchpreliminarydesigns.(11)

.Oncedesignsandfabricsarechon,aprototype(原型，模范)ofthearticleusingcheaper

materialsiscreated.

Keys:

(1)trends(2)lect(3)casual(4)styles(5)items(6)add

(7)specialize(8)categories

(9)Thefirststepincreatingadesignisrearchingcurrentfashionandmakingpredictionsof

futuretrends

(10)Trendreportsindicatewhatstylesandcolors,andfabricswillbepopularforaparticular

asoninthefuture

(11)Designersthenvisitmanufacturersortradeshowstogetsamplesoffabricsanddecidewhich

fabricstouwithwhichdesigns

Passage2

ThenameCh

founder,ChristianDiorwasbornin1905inthesmalltownofGranvilleinNormandy,France.

Diorspentsometimeasanartistand(1)agalleryin1928,withgenerousfinancingbyhisfather.

Hardtimeswerejustaroundthe(2)atDepressionresultedinthe(3)ofthefamily

business,forcingthemtoll(4)

vedinwithafriendandsoonbegan(5)hisattentiontothe

eing(6)fromarmyrvicein1940,hereturnedtoParisin1941and(7)

1946MarcelBoussac,therichestmanin

Franceatthetime,provided(8)'s

firstclothinglinereleadin1947wasanoverwhelmingsuccess,winningfavorforthedesigner,

bothinEuropeandthedistantUSA.(9).1948

Diorlaunchedaperfumelinewhichprovedtobeagreatsuccess.(10).Diorwaspreparingfor

hegroupexperiencedmanyupsand

downsovertheyears.(11)

.

Keys:

(1)launched(2)corner(3)bankruptcy(4)virtually(5)directing(6)discharged(7)cured(8)substantial

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

(9)Notsurprisingly,in1949DiorestablishedaprenceinNewYorkandsoonexpandedagainto

Londonin1952

(10)Andina1950decisionheexpandedthebrandintofashionaccessorieslikehats,tiesand

handbags

(11)Despiteallthe,Diorisstillconsideredasoneofthemostpopularandinnovativefashion

housintheworld

SectionIIVocabulary

illing(withthecorrectform)

Directions:Fillintheblanksinthefollowingntenceswiththecorrectformofthewords

giveninthebrackets.

hinktoohighlyofyourlf,andyet,never____________yourability.(estimate)

Key:underestimate

orldWarItherewasageneral____________ofyouthagainst“old-fashioned”ideas,

particularlypatriarchalfamilyrelationships.(rebel)

Key:rebellion

udoisimportanttoyou,foritwillbeyourcreationandexpressionofyour

____________.(individual)

Key:individuality

are____________incidentsinthecourofscientificrearch.(escape)

Key:inescapable

engrowupfeeling____________astheyaremovedbackandforthbetween

parents.(ttle)

Key:unttled

erapiddevelopmentofeconomyandgrowthofpopulationrecently,theproblemof

waterresourcesshortage,waterenvironment____________,droughtandfloodbecomes

moreandmoreacute.(deteriorate)

Key:deterioration

ostprimitivesocietyintheforest,thefunctionofhumanis____________.(restrict)

Key:restricted

____________thebiographyofthebasketballstar.(drama)

Key:dramatized

hyourpartnerwould____________becomethepersonyouwanthimtobe,buthe

won’t.(magic)

Key:magically

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

accommodationavailablewasatour____________.(dispo)

Key:disposal

mouredthattheaccidentwasdueto____________.(neglect)

Key:negligence

,asthechairmanoftheSkiVillage,inthecity,he____________overthelargest

winter-sportsrecreationground.(president)

Key:presides

onatimetherelivedafoolishkingandafamous____________.(magic)

Key:magician

tthataprevious____________preventsmefromacceptingyourkindinvitation.

(engage)

Key:engagement

treatmentcould____________alterthelifeofpeoplesufferingfromthe

dia.(drama)

Key:dramatically

lishteacherrecentlywatchedaboywhoalwayscheatedinthe____________

test.(dictate)

Key:dictation

callythenationstendtobe____________,withveryhighbirthratesbutpoor

educationandverylowlevelsofliteracy.(stable)

Key:unstable

we____________childrentobecomeautonomouslearners?(power)

Key:empower

stheextremesouthernlimitattainedbythe____________traveller.(courage)

Key:courageous

at,ablackcoatandahardwhitecollararesaidtobesignsof____________.

(respectable)

Key:respectability

ngtherightword

Directions:Completethentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.

ubiquitousdeterioratedvisibleturnsouthardandfast

exclusivelydictatedunttledunderestimatechancingupon

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

owntoallthatinterestisthebestteacher,butalargenumberofcollegeEnglish

teachers____________theeffectofinterestandkeeppreachinginclass.

ialconflictisa____________phenomenoninthesocialchanges,andoneofthe

importantsubjectswhichthesociologyrearchinstitutecaresabouttoo.

yatthemeeting,theycleareduptheproblemthatremained____________foryears.

ationsystemshaveplayedanincreasingly____________roleoverthepastveral

yearsinimprovingthecompetitivenessofbusiness.

ineenvironmentherehas____________duetocrudeoilleakage.

makeita____________ruleagainstsmokingintheoffice.

theinformationthatpeopleassumeis“factual”actually____________tobe

inaccurate.

elightedat____________anoldfriendinsuchanunlikelyplace.

ice____________wherethelarge,noisycrowdshouldstandduringtheparade.

edalmost____________ondeadvegetationotherthanmeat.

Key:

stimate

tous

led

e

orated

dfast

ut

ngupon

ed

ively

sthatthesituationofthefloodvictimswill____________furtherunlessthe

internationalcommunityactsquickly.

ngheirwaswarnedthathewouldsoonhavenothingleftifhecontinuedtobe

____________withmoney.

lwaystriesto____________tohisfriendswhentheyplaytogether.

canalysisofthenewswinefluvirushasshownthatitdiffers____________from

previousasonalvirus.

icateworkmanship____________throughthetimenotonlyintheartfield,butalsoin

anybusinessfield.

displayedwhat____________tobeatoygunanddemandedmoneyfromtheteller.

ferenceBoardsaiditsconsumerconfidence____________haditsbiggestjumpin

sixyearsinMay.

ionwillplayamoreandmore____________roleinsocialandeconomic

development.

ticeMinisterearlierexpresdconcernthatthecacouldtriggera____________

fromtheJapanepublic.

oplebelievethatairtravelshouldbe____________becauitcausrious

pollutionandusuptheworld’sfuelresources.

restrictedpredominantbacklashdramaticallyworeaway

lavishdeterioratedictateindexturnedout

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

Key:

orate

e

ically

ay

out

inant

sh

cted

lechoices

Directions:ChoothebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

tfavouroverstressingtheimportanceofliteratureandart,butneitherdowefavour

____________theirimportance.

stimating

ating

iating

iating

Key:A

’t___________theriousnessoftheproblem,actuallyit’snobigdeal.

stimate

e

timate

ize

Key:C

tallymixedupbyhis____________andambiguousremarks.

tous

led

e

Key:D

theiceberg’sbulkishiddenbelowthewater,sotheirunderwaterpartsmayextendout

farbeyondthe____________top.

e

s

inant

e

Key:A

nergyconsumptionwillnotonly____________theenvironment,butalsotrigger

rioussocialproblems.

t

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

e

orate

Key:D

hinkChineactorsare____________tokungfufilmsinordertosucceedin

Hollywood?

ed

ive

tous

cted

Key:D

tofhis____________lifestyletookatremendoustollonhisfortunes.

al

table

us

Key:B

remelyoriginaland____________designsfocusontheeffectofthedressratherthan

thewearer,makinghimatruelonerintheItalianfashionworld.

e

Key:D

ealackof____________education,shewasfarfromstupid.

r

e

Key:C

’twanttoruleoverothers,____________tothem,ortrytocontroltheirbeliefs.

e

e

e

inate

Key:C

sumerprice____________,akeyinflationmeasurement,ro2percentinurban

areasand1.7percentinruralareas,thebureausaidyesterday.

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

sion

Key:D

reno____________dietaryrulesnecessarytobeginthepracticeofyoga.

dbust

dproper

dfast

dsound

Key:C

eimpressionhadbeenmade,itremainedwithtimeuntilit____________,leavinga

smoothsurfaceoncemore.

ay

away

out

Key:A

____________thattherehadbeentwoMarineswiththesamenameandsimilarnumberin

thecamp.

up

edto

out

doff

Key:C

meswhenmakingplans,thingsdon’talways____________aswehaveplanned.

t

t

Key:A

hingmachine____________yesterdayandfloodedthekitchen.

on

own

dup

art

Key:B

t____________dinners,youshouldwearcomfortableandcasualclothes.

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

t

al

Key:D

herfirsttimecookingwithoutarecipeandshecannotpredicthowitwill

____________.

t

t

out

t

Key:B

lelife____________herhusbandandthe

children.

son

n

tratesaround

esaround

Key:D

ttingthathehadnotthoroughlystudiedthefacts,thespeaker____________his

opponent’shands.

to

into

to

o

Key:B

pproachedevenclor,henoticedthatthemanwaspickingupstarfishthathadbeen

____________onthebeachand,oneatatime,hethrewthembackintothewater.

up

away

p

up

Key:A

22.____________cyclesareinherentinmarketeconomiesandcannotbepreventedcompletely.

dproper

dfast

dbust

ddeath

Key:C

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

therhand,peoplemight____________theirchildrenafterarespectedolderrelative

orevenafamousperson.

e

s

Key:D

dthedamagehadnotoccurredthrough____________inthehotelgarage.

oration

lness

ence

al

Key:C

eries____________howinvestinginahomebecomesanissueforextendedfamily

aswell.

stimates

es

izes

s

Key:C

vivorofashipwreckwas____________onasmall,uninhabitedisland.

up

away

ut

up

Key:A

____________hasapprovedadefenreportthaturgesthecountrytoquicklyfinish

buildingamissiledefensystemtocounterthepotentialthreatfromothercountries.

t

rd

r

Key:A

roblems____________meetingtheneedsoftheexistinginhabitantsandreplacing

oldandobsoletefacilities,especiallyhousing.

around

ound

tratearound

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

earound

Key:D

,asanymachine,arobotcan____________andevencaudisaster.

p

wn

own

apart

Key:C

ists,ontheotherhand,knowthattheirjobisneverfinishedandthateventhebest

theorycan____________tobewrong.

t

t

t

Key:C

losivewas____________bysomeonestrikingamatchtolightupacigarette.

out

dout

doff

Key:D

on____________metalinthemovingpartswhichshortenstheirworkinglife.

away

ay

way

way

Key:C

ryofapoorfamilythatacquiredfameandfortuneovernightillustratesthe

____________powerofthepress.

ic

us

Key:B

oicesareyourstomakeandcanneverbe____________byothers.

red

ed

ed

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

ed

Key:D

dnot____________kindnessonthoungratefulpeople.

d

Key:B

dssionofthesummitdealt____________withtheworld’spoorestcontinent.

ively

y

y

Key:A

-the-clocktelevisionchanneldevoted____________toaging,dyinganddeathisto

belaunchedinGermany.

ly

inantly

sfully

ively

Key:D

udoisimportanttoyou,foritwillbeyourcreationandexpressionofyour

____________.

ty

ter

dualism

duality

Key:D

eclaimsthatnomembersshallutherelevantdocumentsforillegalpurpos,orel

itwould____________thervice.

d

Key:C

country,thescaleofalcoholis____________topeopleovertheageof18.

ined

cted

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

d

ed

Key:B

SectionIIIStructure

tethentences

Directions:CompletethentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinegivenin

brackets.

hegreatestmistakesyoucanevermakeis____________(低估自己的才华和潜能).

Key:underestimatingyourtalentandpotential

2.____________(你的买卖失败是不可避免的)unlessyouchangeyourwayofmanagement

atonce.

Key:Yourfailureinthebusinessisinescapable

aroundtheworldmustactimmediatelyto____________(防止情况进一步恶化).

Key:preventthesituationfromdeterioratingevenfurther

4.____________(随着现在城市环境的日益恶化),ecologicallandscapedesignattract

people’sattentionmoreandmore.

Key:Withtheurbanenvironmentdeterioratingtoday

el’sreportssuggestedthatthedataba____________(由一个独立的机构专门监

管).

Key:(should)beoverenexclusivelybyanindependentauthority

’sanopenquestionwhetheratmospheric,oceanicorothercausalfactors____________(极

大地改变飓风发生的频度和强度).

Key:havedramaticallychangedthefrequencyorintensityofhurricanes

chersaidthat____________(有严格规定禁止吸烟)atschool.

Key:therewasahardandfastruleagainstsmoking

loyeestheyonceconsideredasyoung,lfishanduncomfortable____________(结

果证明是有责任的，精力充沛的团体成员).

Key:turnouttoberesponsible,energeticteamplayers

9.____________(如果其中一台计算机坏了),thewholenetworkwouldbeunabletowork.

Key:Ifoneofthecomputersbrokedown

ry____________(围绕着一个并未犯罪却被判处死刑的男人)andthelengthsthat

hisbrotherwouldgotosavehim.

Key:revolvedaroundamanwhowasntencedtodeathforacrimehedidnotcommit

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

oudecidetobestrong,____________(苦难会是一笔财富)onwhichnewhopeswill

ari.

Key:thehardshipwillturnouttobeafortune

uctureandworkingprincipleofthedeviceforasmblingareintroducedand

____________(经实践证明，此方法安全、可靠).

Key:itturnsouttobesafe,reliableinpractice

ldrememberaworthyproverb“___________(滴水穿石).”

Key:constantdroppingofwaterwearsawayastone

cherslookingattheeffectsofcannabisonboneshavefound____________(它的影响

随着年纪增长显著不同).

Key:itsimpactvariesdramaticallywithage

masprovidedfamilieswithadaywhen____________(他们能够慷慨给予孩子们关

心和礼物)withoutappearingto“spoil”them.

Key:theycouldlavishattentionandgiftsontheirchildren

lechoices

Directions:ChoothebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

ughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofmountainclimbingthanthat

____________inthepublicmindtoday.

ng

t

Key:A

sthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofafully-loadedtruck,____________

tothetruck.

aterstressis

risthestress

essisgreater

aterthestressis

Key:D

3.____________theirpolicycanbechanged,thefutureforthatcountrywillbeindeedbleak.

t

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

as

Key:B

rhesitatestomake____________criticisms____________areconsideredhelpfulto

others.

…that

…as

…that

…as

Key:C

ercameallthedifficultiesandcompletedtheprojecttwomonthsaheadoftime,

____________issomethingwehadnotexpected.

Key:A

hatucomputershavefoundthatthenumberofstaff____________isneededfor

qualitycontrolcanbesubstantiallyreduced.

Key:D

y____________inthecaraccidentthathehadtostayinhospitalforafewmonths.

njure

dhim

njured

njured

Key:C

etimenow,worldleaders____________outthenecessityforagreementonarms

reduction.

npointing

enpointing

inting

d

Key:B

yhaveprervedtheelephantfrombeingwipedoutaswellasotheranimals

____________inAfrica.

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

g

nted

ted

Key:A

regretted____________theoffer,foritwasnotwheremyinterestlay.

ccept

ingaccepted

notaccepted

epting

Key:B

11.____________mainlyfortheinventionofthetelephone,AlexanderGrahamBelldevotedhis

lifetohelpingthedeaf.

membered

mber

emembering

remembered

Key:D

tiletodiscussthematterfurther,becau____________goingtoagreeuponanything

today.

ryounorIare

ryounormeis

ryounorIam

rmenoryouare

Key:C

aoftravellingthrough____________spacetootherplanetsinterestsmanypeople

today.

A.a

C./

Key:C

efuelsuppliesarefiniteandmanypeoplearewasteful,wewillhavetoinstall

____________solarheatingdevicesinourhome.

peof

pesof

eof

esof

Key:A

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

holeprogramme____________beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywould

havebeenlost.

planned

tplanned

otbeplanned

beenplanned

Key:D

illing(withtheappropriateprepositionoradverb)

Directions:Fillintheblanksinthefollowingntenceswithanappropriateprepositionor

theblankswithproperprepositions

andadverbs.

hechanced____________Emma’sdiaryandbeganreadingit.

Key:upon

inginthegardenoneday,hechanced____________hissister-in-lawsketchingwith

watercolours.

Key:upon

stonishment,theauthorturned____________tobeayounggirl.

Key:out

agementdecisionsparked____________ariesofdamagingstrikes.

Key:off

anyyears,rocksbreak____________intodirt.

Key:down

youare,infact,wonderful,theworlddoesnotactuallyrevolve____________you.

Key:around

gso,heknewhewouldplay____________thehandsofhisopponents.

Key:into

hestorm,therewasalotofdriftwoodwashed____________ontheshore.

Key:up

m,questionsofpublicmoralityoftenrevolve____________whatitmeanstobea

decent,tolerantsociety.

Key:around

omegoodnewstotellyouthatthereisgoingtobeamedicinenamed____________

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

you.

Key:after

alsinourbodybreak____________thefoodweeatsowecanabsorbit.

Key:down

opreside____________themeetinghasn’tbeendecided.

Key:over

omingtidewashed____________cargofromthewreckedship.

Key:up

ntsallowtheirchildrentomisbehave,they’rejustplaying____________theirhands.

Key:into

iancecouldbreak____________beforethefiveyearxpire.

Key:down

edisposal____________allmedicalwasterequiresparticularattention.

Key:of

uallthemeans____________ourdisposaltosolvethisdispute.

Key:at

ometalpartsmoveovereachother,theywillwear____________rapidly.

Key:away

lageisnamed____________thehighmountainthatstandsinfrontofit.

Key:after

enceisalmostworn____________bytheirendlessquarrel.

Key:away

SectionIVFastreading

ading(Multiplechoices+BlankFilling)

Directions:stions

1-7,choothebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,stions

8-10,completethentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Passage1

Sustainablecommunities

AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,peoplearecurrentlyusingresources25percentfasterthan

ntinuedownthiscour,wewillneedacondplanetbytheyear

nablecommunitiesattempttochangethatcourbydrasticallyalteringhowcitizens

interactwiththeenvironment.

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

Alternativelyknownasgreencommunitiesoreco-villages,sustainablecommunitiesvaryintheir

approachestosustainableliving,orawayoflifethatmeetsthepopulation’sbasicneedsinways

mmunitiesfocussolelyon

enrichingtheenvironment,whileothersalsoaimtoimprovesocialandeconomicconditionsas

well.

Characteristicsofsustainablelivingcommunities

Sustainablecommunitiesgenerallystrivetominimizewaste,reduceconsumptionandprerve

y,theydon’turesourcesfasterthantheycanbereplenished,andtheydon’t

d,some

communitiesaremoreradicalthanothers—livingentirelyoffthegridandavoidingtheuof

government-printedmoney—butthebasicprinciplesaresimilar.

Designingtheneighbourhoodtoencouragewalkingorbicyclingisonewaysustainable

ivingmeanslessgasandreduced

o-villagesalsoincorporateworkspaceintohomesorencourage

somightzonepartofthedevelopmentforcommercialu,esntially

makingthecommunityalf-containedenvironmentwhereresidentsdon’tevenhavetoleavefor

signsometimesiscalledalive-work-playlifestyle.

Usineafew

examples:

Architectsdesignbuildingstotakeadvantageofthesun’slightingandheating

capabilities.

Theyinstallenergy-efficientappliances.

Theytrytoulocalsourcesofmaterialsasmuchaspossibletocutbackonthe

environmentalcostsoftransport.

Theybuildwithdurable,non-toxicmaterialsthathaveeitherbeenrecycledor

sustainablyharvested.

Youmightestrawbale(草捆)hous,whichesntiallyubalesofstrawasthestructural

buildingblocks;cobhous,whichareamixofstraw,clayandsandorearthbaghomes,which

areexactlywhattheysoundlike,homesmadeoutofbagsofdirt.

Alongwithgreenbuildingtechniques,sustainablecommunitiesrelyongreengardeningmethods.

Theylandscapewithnative,drought-tolerantplantsandraithemorganicallytoreducewaterand

keeppesticidesandherbicidesoutoftheenvironment.

Manyce,for

example,rerves80percentofits900acresforgreenspace;thatis720acresofrollinghills,

woodsandstreamsfreeofdevelopment—quiteacontrasttotheconcrete-ladenurbansprawlof

Atlantajust32milesaway.

Anotherwaysustainablecommunitiesreducetheirecologicalfootprintisbycapturingand

recyclingtheirwastes,doftreating

normallyperceivedwasteproductssuchasrainwaterandwageaspollutiontobegottenridof,

,forexample,isturnedintocompost(混合肥料)that

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

fertilizesplantsandincreassoilproductivity,whilecapturedrainwateriscleandthrough

innovativefilteringsystemsandreudforwateringplants.

Examplesofsustainablecommunities

Morethan400eco-villagexistintheworld,accordingtotheGlobalEco-villageNetwork

lowingexamplesoutlinelifeinjusttwoofthecommunities.

DancingRabbitEco-village,MissouriDancingRabbitEco-villageisadeveloping280-acre

tobeanentirelylf-reliant

townthatpractices“radicalenvironmentalsustainability”,accordingtothecommunity’swebsite.

Thetown’sfoundershopetoattractbetween500and1,000residentstocreateadiver

gRabbitevenhasitsown

localcurrencytoencouragelocaltradingandsourcingofjobs.

Theeco-villagehastablishedatofsixguidelinesthatmayemextremetothelazy

environmentalistsamongus,butshouldtthetownwellonitswaytowardsachieving

sustainability.

clesaretobeudorstoredinthevillage.

fuelsforcars,refrigeration,heatingandcoolinghomes,aswellasheatingdomestic

wateraren’tallowed.

deningmustbeorganic.

ermustcomefromrenewableresources.

erfromoutsidethelocalareaisallowedunlessitisrecycledorsalvaged.

cwasteandrecyclablematerialsaretobereincorporatedintousableproductsthrough

compostingmethods.

Longterm,want

thecurrent50orsoresidentstobecome500or1,000,theymaywanttorethinkthatlastguideline.

LosAngelesEco-village,CaliforniaYoumightthinksustainablecommunitieshavetobetinthe

country,butthat’djustthreemileswestofdowntownLosAngeles,theLos

AngelesEco-village(LAEV)isacommunityof500residentsekingtohaveminimalimpacton

anlocationnearpublic

transit,schools,churches,commercialrvicesandindustryhelpsresidentsdriveless,whilethe

dozensofgardensandfruittreesprovidealocalsourceoffood.

LAEVtakesawhole-systemsapproachtosustainability,meaningthatresidentsstrivetobalance

thesocial,,cleanwaterandairrank

uptherewithclo-knitrelationships,nshavesaved

20tonsofbrickfromthelandfilltouinconstructionprojects,compostedover100cubicyards

ofyardwasteandheldcountlessweeklypotluckdinnerstoestablishandstrengthenrelationships.

Whoknewthatsustainabilitycouldbepossibleeveninoneofthelargest,mostpollutedcitiesin

theUnitedStates?

Othereco-friendlycommunities

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

Residentsofthetwosustainablecommunitieswejustdiscusddeliberatelyplacedsustainability

munitiesspringupforlotsofreasonsnotrelatedtothe

environment,andsometimestheEarthbenefits.

Before“green”wasthenewbuzzwordandsustainabilitywascool,OldOrderAmishcommunities

embersofthis

religiousgroupdidn’tconsciouslydeveloptheirwayoflifetohelptheenvironment,theirsimple

farm-badlivingdoesn’thurtit.

omeshadno

electricity;instead,kcontrasttotherampantconsumerism

visibleinmanycountries,theAmishdidnotownthingstheydidn’resimple

clothes,ommunitiesdidn’thaveto“returntothe

earth”rethereallalong.

Cohousingdevelopmentsofferanotherexampleofalivingarrangementthatunwittingly(未觉察

地)evelopmentstypicallyaredesignedtoencourageand

strengthensocialrelationships,ratherthantotreadlightlyontheenvironment,but,asitturnsout,

ghresidentsinacohousingdevelopmentenjoytheprivacy

oftheirownhomes,theyshareacommonbuildingandotherresources.

Sharingmajorapplianceslikewashingmachines,powertoolsandheavyexerciequipment

tion,itallows

individualhoustobesmaller,which,alongwiththeclusteredarrangementofhomes,prerves

whoowncars(somepeoplesharecars)parkthemonthesidesoftheneighbourhood

ltimesaweek,residentsmay

gformanyononestove

ismuchmoreenergyefficientthancookingfor20onparatestoves.

llhappeninthemiddleofthe21stcentury,ifweconsumeresourcesmuchfasterthan

theirreplacementaccordingtothepassage?

avetwoplanets.

uupresourcesonEarth.

workoutreplaceableresources.

thwillbetoocrowdedtoliveon.

B

rtosaveresources,sustainablecommunitiencouragepeople_____.

ontactwithfriends

atout

gratethefunctionofworkingandlivingintohomes

iddrivingwithinthesustainablecommunities

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

C

uildingtechniquesrequire________.

ectstomakefulluofsunlight

toavoidusingelectricalappliances

ectstoemploylocallabors

ssmentoresistpoisonousbuildingmaterials

A

ustainablepublicspacedevelopedinSerenbe?

planttreesandmakewaterflowinthatspace.

nscangrowtreesfreelyinthespace.

tewallsarebuiltoutsidetheplaceforaprotection.

lthingsinthatspacedevelopwithouthumandisturbance.

D

ainablecommunities,rainwaterisregardedas________.

cementfordrinkingwater

lizertoenrichsoil

ableresource

product

C

wayisDancingRabbitEco-villageradicalinitsdevelopment?

’sthefirsteco-villagetoestablishthecommunity’swebsite.

lagewantstobeindependentbycirculatingitsowncurrency.

lageallowsasmanyas1,000residentstolivethere.

lagetendstobelf-reliantbycreatingallitneeds.

D

yresidentsarelivinginDancingRabbitEco-villagenow?

alfahundred.

nehundred.

ivehundred.

nethousand.

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

A

’slocationneardowntownoffersitbothconvenienttransportationand__________.

ntsofOldOrderAmishcommunitiesbeganunconsciouslytopracticesustainableliving

from________.

ingimportantapplianceswithneighbours,youcancommunicatewiththemaswellas

_____.

Key:

ly18thcentury

resourceu

Passage2

Howvegetarianswork

8millionAmericansconsiderthemlves

vegetarians,andanincreasingnumberofthemareyoungpeople—oftenthechildrenof

vegetariansorkidswho’equestionwhether

vegetarianismisahealthydietforagrowingchild.

Therearemanyreasonswhypeoplechooavegetarianlifestyle,includinghealthconcernsand

erthereason,theirnumbersaresurprisinglyhigh,especiallyforgirls.

TheAmericanDieteticAssociationestimatesthatawhopping(极大的)11percentofgirls,aged13

to17,havegivenupmeatandmeatproducts.

Childrenandteenagersdeclarethemlvesvegetariantoasrtdietaryindependencefromtheir

riancosmeticsandcruelty-freeclothesfillcornerdrugstoresandhigh-endshops.

Butalthoughvegetarianismistrendy,sometimesrebelliousanddecidedlymodern,it’sactually

ltureshavesubsisted(存活)es,

Plato,LeonardodaVinci,CharlesDarwinandThomasEdisonwereallvegetarians.

Thevegetariandiet

Thevegetariandietisstraightforwardenough:oplewho

avoidbeefandporkbutstilleatpoultryorfishmistakenlyconsiderthemlvesvegetarians.

Althoughvegetarianismhasvaryingdegrees,thediet’scoreprincipleisabstentionfromallmeat.

Mostvegetariansarelacto-ovo-vegetarians—theydonoteatmeatbuttheyallowdairyproducts

-vegetariansallowdairy,takebasic

dofabstainingonlyfromeatingfishandmeat,vegans

avoideating,ansnoeggsordairy,nohoney,no

leather,fur,woolorsilk,andnocosmeticsorchemicalstestedonanimals.

Thereis,however,-ovo-vegetarianatfruit,vegetables,grains,

nuts,eds,legumes,tmeatsubstituteslikesoybean-badtofuand

tempeh,itan,svegansareconcerned,theVeganSocietyrecommends

healthyrvingsofvegetables,fruits,grains,legumes,oilsandfortifiednondairyproductslikesoy

gansalsoeattempeh,alsotakesupplementsofvitaminB12,

学习好资料_____________________________________________

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vitaminDandcalciumtomakeupforanydietarydeficiencies.

Ethniccooking’sgrowingpopularityhasalsoopenedupaworldofnewvegetarianfoodsto

Eastern,NorthAfrican,IndianandAsianfoodsare

oftenvegetarianoreasilycanbemadeso.

Reasonsforvegetarianism

Evenwithvegetarianism’svariousdegreesofstrictness,thecoredietissimplyabstentionfrom

tonedecision—thedecisionnottoeatmeat—canhavealotbehindit.

ehealth-conscious,somebelieveanimal

agriculturehurtstheenvironmentandothershavemoralorreligiousobjectionstomeat.

rianfavouriteslikefruit,vegetables,

wholegrains,andlegumesarelowinfatandcholesterol(胆固醇)andrichinfiber,vitaminsC

ricanDieteticAssociationevenreportsthatvegetarianshavelowerbloodpressure,

,nodietisautomatically

riansmustmakesuretheytakeinenoughprotein,calciumandvitaminB12

withoutoverindulginginfatty,high-caloriefoodslikechee.

ManyvegetariansareasconcernedwiththeEarth’

vegetarianschoothedietforenvironmentalreasonsbecautheybelievetraditionalagriculture

haslessofanecologicalimpactthananimalagriculture.

eunpleasanttoimagine

yourhamburgerasawide-eyedcowinthepasture,letaloneasanunhealthyanimalinacramped

manyvegetarians,tenfeel

taketheirethicalobjectionsa

stepfurtherandrefutoeatdairyoreggsfromanimalsthattheybelievehaveledunnaturally

shortandunhappylives.

Someofvegetarianism’eadfast

meat-eatersoftenliketheideaoffree-rangechickenorcage-freeeggs—animalhusbandry

techniquesthatpromiamorecompassionatealternativetotraditionalfactoryfarming.

ghthefirstpractitionersonly

temporarilyavoidedmeatforpurification,thefirstregularvegetariansbeganthedietafter

philosophicalawakeningsintheEasternMediterraneanregionandIndia.

Torasbelieved

thatbecauwearerelatedtoanimals,herfamous

philosophersagreed—Plato,EpicurusandPlutarchcondemnedanimalsacrificeandavoided

eatingmeat.

InIndia,theBuddhistreligionsteachthathumansshouldnotkilllivingcreaturesforfood.

AlthoughBuddhismlaterdeclinedinIndia,vegetarianismremainedandspreadamongpeople.

Manyupperclassandsomelowerclassadoptedthevirtueofharmlessness,whichforbade

hurtinglivingthings.

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

Buthowdidvegetarianismtransformintoahealthmovementinthe19thcenturyandananimal

rightsissueinthe20th?

Themodernvegetarianmovement

Todayvegetarianismistrendy—25percentofadolescentventhinkit’s“cool”.Thesuccessof

vegetariancosmeticsandvegetarianfoodslikeveggiedogsandtofuisatestamenttothediet’s

thatpromotevegetarianismandanimalrights,liketheHumaneSocietyofthe

UnitedStates(HSUS)andPeoplefortheEthicalTreatmentofAnimals(PETA),havetremendous

lobbying(游说)etarianismhasn’talwaysbeensogenerally

accepted,norhasitalwaysbeenlinkedwiththeanimal-rightsmovement.

In17th-and18th-centuryEurope,someProtestantgroupmbracedvegetarianismasamoral

directive—19thcentury,EuropeanandNorthAmerican

vegetarianismhadbecomeafringe(外围的)ntspromotedthedietary

benefitsofvegetarianism—evencouplingitwithtemperanceandanti-tobaccomovements.

ModernorganizedvegetarianismbeganwiththeformationoftheVegetarianSocietyin1847by

ayear,theSocietyhad478members.

Itwasn’tuntilthemid20thcenturythatvegetarianismpartneredwithanimalrightsmovement.

America’smostnotoriousanimalrightsorganization,PETA,vigorouslyprotestsagainstallmeat,

Stakesa

ptsthatpeoplewilleatmeatandfocusinsteadonreducingmeat

consumption,TAandthe

HSUS,however,arepowerfulpoliticalmachines:TheyholdstockincompanieslikeTyson,

Wal-Mart,McDonald’sandSmithfield’ernvegetarianmovementisgettingevermore

powerful.

enthusiasticaboutbecomingavegetarianinAmericanow?

allingill.

sduringtheiradolescence.

owningpetsathome.

ntheirearly20s.

B

soutthatvegetarianismcandatebackasfaras______.

ndsofyearsago

andyearsago

turiesago

turyago

A

fthefollowinggroupcanbecountedasvegetarians?

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__________________________________________________

whodon’teatallkindsofmeat.

whodislikeporkandmilk.

whoeatbeefonly.

whoeatfishinsteadofredmeat.

A

lacto-ovo-vegetarians,vegansavoidconsuming______.

nsandcalcium

dgrains

oductsandeggs

kandfruits

C

vantagesdoesvegetarianismhaveovernon-vegetariansaccordingtotheAmerican

DieteticAssociation?

loodpressureandcholesterol.

levelofvitaminabsorption.

mandofcalcium.

ierstateofmind.

A

riansinfluencemeat-eatersbyadvocatingthat________.

nshavetherighttolivefreely

sshouldbebettertakencareof

ionalfactoryfarmingshouldbespread

lconcernsshouldbeneglected

B

ingtoPythagoras,humanbeings_______.

forbidanimalsacrifice

cruelerwhenkillinganimals

bekindtoeachother

ertainrelationshipwithotheranimals

D

a,peoplefromdifferentclassregardhurtingthelivesofcreaturesasagainst______.

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__________________________________________________

ndingoftheVegetarianSocietysymbolizedthestartof______.

xtremelystrictinthatitforbade_______.

Key:

t,animalproductsandanimaltesting

SectionVReadingcomprehension

lechoices

Directions:Readthefollowingpassagescarefullyandchoothebestanswerfromthe

fourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

Passage1

Oneofthemostsuccessful,influentialandbelovedwomeninAmericanhistory,Eleanor

Roovelt,oncesaidthatshehadoneregret:n’tfeltthe

sameway?comethem,wespend

billionsuponbillionsofdollarveryyearoncosmetics(化妆品),dietproducts,fashion,and

plasticsurgery(整容手术).

Whydowecaresomuchabouthowwelook?ebeautyispowerful.

Becauevenwhenwelearntovaluepeoplemostlyforbeingkindandwiandfunny,weare

erhowmuchweargueagainstitorpretendtobeimmune,beauty

ssimplynoescape.

Aristotlesaid,“Beautyisagreaterrecommendationthananyletterofintroduction.”It’snotfair,

butit’aphotographofa

beautifulauthortoanessay,andpeoplewillthinkitismorecreativelyandmoreintelligently

writtenthanexactlythesameessayaccompaniedbythephotoofahomelyauthor.

Aschildren,bea,

they’fullawyersgetpaidmorethantheir

-lookingcriminalsaremorelikelytowinthesympathyofjudges

tivepeopleinneedsaremorelikelytoreceivehelpfromstrangers.

ornwithit.

ExperimentsconductedbypsychologistJudithHLangloisshowedthatevensmallinfantsprefer

theyhavemetasinglesupermodel,beforetheyhavewatcheda

singleTVshow,beforetheyhaveopenedupasinglefashionmagazine,theyaredrawntothe

samefaceswhichadultshavejudgedtobeattractive.

tcoffsays,“Wehavetounderstand

beauty,orwewillalwaysbeenslavedbyit.”Ifyouaimtobewiandkindandfunny,itdoesn’t

meanthatyoucan’’snoreasontofeelguiltyabout

beingmovedbybeauty’susall.

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__________________________________________________

ingtothepassage,EleanorRoovelt______________.

ofthemostbeautifulwomeninAmericanhistory

ularwithAmericanpeopleinspiteofheruglyappearance

illionsofdollarsonplasticsurgery

erestedinpursuingbeautyjustlikeothers

D

’snotfairbutit’struethat______________.

epeopleforbeingkindandwi

veryefforttomakeourlvesmoreattractive

tbeautifulpeoplebetterthanothers

prejudiceagainstbeautifulauthors

C

fthefollowingbestsummarizesthefourthparagraph?

ismisleading.

ispowerful.

iverything.

iskeytocareersuccess.

B

ingtothepassage,smallbabies_______________.

unetotheinfluenceofbeauty

sitivetophysicalbeauty

attractivewomentomen

nonwatchingsupermodels

B

’sthewriter’sprobablepurpoinwritingthepassage?

icizepeople’sfocusonappearance.

otetheindustryofcosmetics.

peopleagainstthetrapofbeauty.

entsomefactsaboutthepowerofbeauty.

D

Passage2

MenandwomenutheInternetinentirelydifferentways,andhavedistinctstylesofwriting

emails,accordingtonewrearch.

“Thereareprettygoododdsatbeingabletoguessthegenderofsomeonejustbyreading

theiremail,”saidDavidSilver,anassistantprofessorintheSchoolofCommunicationsatthe

UniversityofWashington.“Manystudieshavefoundthatmenusingemailtendtosupplyanswers

remorepreparedtoopenupthe

’realsomorepreparedinachatroomtosay‘Idon’everyone

elthink?’”

Malemessagestendtobebasic—confirmingsomeoneisright,tellingthemtheyarewrong

endtokeepconversationsgoingandaskmore

en’tafraidtoadmitignorance,orthattheyarewrong.

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

AstudybyDrSusanHerring,alinguisticexpertatIndianaUniversity,hasalsoshownthat

mentendtoexpressstrongopinions,disagreewithothersandubadlanguage,insultsand

sarcasms(讽刺).Bycontrast,womentendtoudiplomaticlanguagealongwithquestions,offers,

suggestionsandpoliteexpressions.

SilversaidahugechangehadoccurredinglobalInternetuinthepastfewyearsaswomen

findtheirplaceinamediumpreviouslydominatedbymen.“Manywomeninthemid-90swere

putoff(对…失去兴趣)theInternetbyslang,”Silversaid.“Theywouldalsogointochatrooms

Intemetchatroomswereracist,biadagainstgaysandoften

nsimplystartedtheirown

chatrooms.”Silverpointedtoariesofstudiesintothedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemale

behaviouronline.

Onestu

chatroomforacademics,itwasnoticedthatfemaleundergraduates,graduatesandfaculty

membersalltreatedeachotherequally.

Inthesamechatroom,rearchersnoticedwomenwerealotquickertoshareinformation,

andhappytosharebooklistswithcolleagues.

K,

nitedStates,

thenumberis51percentatthattime.

ingtoDavidSilver,_______________.

’salwayasytoidentifysomeonebyonlinechatting

womenuemailsinverydifferentways

maygettheiridentitystoleninwritingemails

on’thaveasmuchcommonnasmendo

B

theprobablepurpoofthestudybyDrSusanHerring?

orethedifferentstylesoflanguageuonlinebetweenmenandwomen.

publicattentiontoxismonline.

stratethepopularityofInternetuamongwomen.

icizethewidespreadingdirtylanguageonline.

A

ingtoSilver,what’sthenewchangeinglobalInternetu?

ershavedominatedtheInternet.

ursalwaysgetinsultedontheInternet.

etchatroomsarefullofracistsandxists.

sanincreasingnumberoffemaleurs.

D

fthefollowingstatementsistrue?

ursonlinearemorensitivetostatus.

ursonlinearemorepoliteandfriendly.

ersareunwillingtoexpresstheiropinions.

ersaremorereadytoagreewithothers.

B

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

thesubjectmatterofthepassage?

qualitybetweenmaleandfemaleInterneturs.

ferencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehaviouronline.

atpopularityofInternetuamongmen.

entialrisksinvolvedinInternetu.

B

Passage3

Inthe1970’s,Coke’sfamoussloganwas,“I’dliketobuytheworldaCoke.”Theyneedn’t

havebothered:Theworldwasmorethanreadytobuyitsown.

Everycond,7,ndisrecognizedby94percentofthe

world’yCokeeversoldwerelinedupinarow,thelineofbottleswould

stretcharoundtheworldnearly12,hiskindofsuccess,it’shardtobelievethat

Cokestartedoutasamedicinethatsoldbarelyninebottlesaday.

Backin1886,apharmacist(药剂师)inAtlanta,Georgia,cookedupathick,sweetsyrup

itforfivecentsaglassoutofaneighbouringsoda

fomewas

createdbadonthetwoprimaryingredients,andCoca-Colawasborn.

ButtherealvalueinCoca-Colaisn’es

know-howwassuppliedbyAsaCandler,whoboughtthecompanyfor$2,300whenthefounder

ralsoturnedCoke’singredientsintooneoftheworld’sbiggestcrets:theexact

makeupofthe“7X”formula(配方)stayedcretuntil1985whenthecompanyfinallyletthecat

outofthebag.

Ofcour,it’likePepsiaccuCokeofunderhanded(卑

鄙的)businesspractices,nt

years,thecompanyhasbeenpayingschoolsfortherighttoplaceCokemachinesoncampus,

expandingschoolbudgetsandstudents’waistlines.

Still,thingsarelookingsweetforCoke—withover$4billioninrevenueonsalesof$21

billionin2003,foralittlebottleof

sugarwater.

ingtothepassage,whathasturnedCoca-Colaintoworld’svaluablebrand?

lliantmarketing.

quality.

queingredients.

etflavour.

A

fthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

’sgreatsuccessandpopularity.

’shistoryanddevelopment.

’skeencompetitionwithrivalcompanies.

’sdifficultsituationinfinance.

D

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

-Colawasoriginally_________________.

softdrink

pularcarbonatedwater

fmedicine

freeofalcohol

C

dlerplayedacrucialroleinthegrowthofCoca-Colabecau________________.

tedthehouholdname—Coca-Cola

dedtheCoca-Colacompany

adthecretformulaofCoketotheworld

htthecompanyandturneditintoagreatsuccess

D

ingtothepassage,theCoca-Colacompany______________.

umberoneintheindustryofsoftdrink

riousforitsillegalbusinesspractices

oleresponsiblityforobesityamongteenagers

salotofCokemachinesoncampus

A

Passage4

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterpri,

market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedby

spendingthee

businessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethegoodsandrvicesincompetitionwithother

businessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermines

,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthe

demandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofits,that

togetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareudtoproduceit.

Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumer

mericaneconomy,this

mechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriandfallinresponto

roductisinshort

supplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminated

,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,

thiswilltendtoincreathesupplyofferedbyller-producers,whichinturnwilllowertheprice

,priceistheregulatingmechanisminthe

Americaneconomicsystem.

Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterprieconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoown

productiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabour,gaincontrolover

naturalresources,mericaneconomy,

theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalso

certainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontract

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

withanotherprivateindividual.

icaneconomicsystem,________________largelydetermineswhatshallbeproduced.

andofindividualconsumers

sonaldesireofbusinessmen

rageAmericans’salarylevel

fitmotiveofbusinessmen

A

sttwontencesinthecondparagraphtellusthat_______________.

erscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction

erscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers

ersdecidethepricesofproducts

anddemandregulateprices

D

upplyofaproductismorethantheneedofit,_________________.

cewillgoup

cewillfalldown

sumerswilldecrea

ducerswillmakemoremoney

B

ingtothepassage,aprivate-enterprieconomyischaracterized

by__________________.

epropertyandrelevantrights

dresponsibility

ceofshares

ntractsandregulatedprices

A

sageismainlyabout___________________.

ricangoodsareproduced

ricanconsumersbuytheirgoods

Americaneconomicsystemworks

ricanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits

C

SectionVICloze

Directions:Readthefollowingpassagescarefullyandchoothebestanswerfromthe

fourchoicesgivenforeachblank.

Passage1

They’restillkids,andalthoughthere’salottheexpertsdon’tyetknowaboutthem;onethingthey

doagreeonisthatwhatkidsuandexpectfromtheirworldhaschanged__1__.Andit’sall

sychologists,sociologists,andgenerationalandmediaexpertswho

studythem,theirdigitalgeartsthisnewgroup__2__,evenfromtheirtech-savvyMillennial

学习好资料_____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

nttobeconstantlyconnectedand__3__inawayeventheiroldersiblingsdon’t

ifferencesmayappearslight,buttheysignalanall-encompassing__4__that

somesaymarksthedawningofanewgeneration.

ThecontrastbetweenMillennialsandthisyoungergroupwasso__5__topsychologistLarry

RonofCaliforniaStateUniversity-DominguezHillsthathehasdeclaredthebirthofanew

generationinanewbook,Rewired:UnderstandingtheiGenerationandtheWayTheyLearn,out

aysthetech-dominatedlifeexperienceofthoborn__6__theearly1990sis

sodifferentfromtheMillennialshewroteaboutinhis2007book,Me,MySpaceandI:Parenting

theNetGenerationthattheywarrantthe__7__ofanewgeneration,whichhehasdubbedthe

“iGeneration”.

“Thetechnologyistheeasiestwaytoeit,butit’salsoamind-t,andthemind-t__8__the

little‘i’,whichI’mtakingtostandfor‘individualized’,”Ronsays.“Everythingiscustomized

andindividualizedto‘me’.Mymusicchoicesarecustomizableto‘me’.WhatIwatchonTVany

__9__iscustomizableto‘me’.”HesaystheiGenerationincludestoday’steensand

middle-schoolers,butit’ays

theiGenerationbelievesanythingispossible.“Iftheycanthinkofit,somebodyprobablyhasor

willinventit,”hesays.“Theyexpectinnovation.”Theyhavehighexpectationsthat__10__they

wantorcanu“willbeabletobetailoredtotheirownneedsandwishesanddesires”.Ronsays

einparablefromtheirwirelessdevices,whichallowthemtotextas

wellastalk,sotheycanbe__11__connected—eveninclass,wherecellphonesaresuppodly

banned.

Manyrearchersaretryingto__12__whethertechnologysomehowcausthebrainsofyoung

peopletobewireddifferently.“Theyshouldbe__13__andshouldperformmorepoorlythanthey

do,”dingsshowteens“__14__distractionsmuchbetterthanwewouldpredict

bytheirageandtheirbraindevelopment.”Becauthekidsaremoreimmerdandatyounger

ages,Ronsays,theeducationalsystemhastochangesignificantly.“Thegrowthcurveontheu

oftechnologywithchildrenixponential,andwe__15__beingoutofstepwiththisgeneration

asfarashowtheylearnandhowtheythink,”Ronsays.“Wehavetogivethemoptionsbecau

theywanttheirworldindividualized.”

ble

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trated

e

rlvesout-dated

key:1A2D3B4D5B6A7B8A9D10C11B12C13A14D

15B

Passage2

Googlerecentlyintroducedanewrvicethataddssocial-networkingfeaturestoitspopular

viceiscalledBuzz,andwithinhoursofits__1__,peoplewerehowling

aboutprivacyissues—becau,initsoriginalform,Buzzshowedeveryonethelistofpeopleyou

oplewhoweren’tcheating__2__theirspousorcretly

applyingfornewjobsfoundthisalittleunnerving.

Google__3__andchangedthesoftware,andapologizedforthemisstep,claimingthat,gosh,it

justnever__4__tousthatpeoplemightgetupt.“Thepublicreactionwassomethingwedidnot

__5__.Butwe’vereactedveryquicklytopeople’sunhappiness,”saysBradleyHorowitz,vice

presidentforproductmanagementatGoogle.

mber,Facebookrolledoutanewtofprivacyttings.A

spokesmansaysthemovewasintendedto“empowerpeople”bygivingthemmore“granular”

control__6__yviewedthechangesasasneaky__7__topush

memberstoexpomoreinformationaboutthemlves—partlybecauitsdefaultttingshad

lotsofdata,likeyourphoto,city,gender,andinformationaboutyourfamilyand__8__,tupto

besharedwitheveryoneontheInternet.(Sure,youcouldchangethottings,butitwasstill

creepy.)Facebook’sspokesmansaystheopenttings__9__“shiftingsocialnormsaround

privacy”.FiveyearsafterFacebookwasfounded,hesays,“we’venoticedthatpeoplearenotonly

sharingmoreinformationbutalsoarebecomingmorecomfortableaboutsharingmore

informationwithmorepeople.”Nevertheless,thechangesprompted10consumergroupstofilea

__10__withtheFederalTradeCommission.

What’shappeningisthatourprivacyhasbecomeakindof__11__.It’swhatweutopayfor

chargesnothingforGmail;instead,itreadsyoure-mailandndsyou

iusofGoogle,Facebook,and

othersisthatthey’vecreatedrvicesthataresoufulorentertainingthatpeoplewill__12__

trickistogetpeopletoabandonmore—ineffect,to

keepraisingthepriceofthervice.

Thecompanieswillneverstoptryingtochip__13__ntirebusiness

modelisbadonthenotionof“monetizing”(使货币化)eedtheymust

slowlychangethe__14__ofprivacyitlf—the“socialnorm,”asFacebookputsit—sothatwhat

we’reabandoningdoesn’chnewerosion

ofprivacycomesdelivered,paradoxically,withrhetoricabouthowCompanyXreally__15__

privacy.I’knewBigBrother

wouldbenotabiggovernmentagency,butabunchofkidsinSiliconValley?

ation

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-uped

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key:1B2D3B4A5D6C7C8B9A10A11B12C13D14C15A

Cloze

Directions:Fillintheblanksinthefollowingpassagebylectingsuitablewordsfromthe

notuanyofthewordsmorethanonce.

Allthishighleveldebateabouteducationmakesmedizzy,sIcantell,

bothAmericanandSovietsystemsofeducationwork(1)_____,andhavetheirownlimitations.

The(2)_____lineisthatthequantityofknowledgeistoolargetobe(3)_____into4years,and

you’dhavetomakechoices,makingiteither(4)_____’lljust

havetobepreparedto(5)_____yourlfinlife-longlearning.

IsuspecttheSoviet-stylespecializationcameaboutforasimplereasonofeconomics:inolddays

inChina,collegegraduateswereso(6)_____thatthegovernmentwouldassignyouajobafter

sight,itneverstopped(7)_____mehowan18-yearoldcouldbeconvinced

todevotehislifetothespecialtyofwelding,ormechanicsforthatmatter.

ButmyAmericanstudentshavekepttellingmethattheyare(8)_____withtoomanychoicesand

theyspendtoomuchtime(9)_____will

asyouremaincuriounoughtomake

choices,you’llinthisgameof(10)_____forlife,unlessyouarelikeMichael

Suoanddreamabouttheultimatemethodoflearning.

A)prentedB)fineC)narrowD)involveE)amazing

F)bottomG)deceptionH)crammedI)engageJ)learning

K)preciousL)worryingM)disappointedN)criterionO)disgusting

Keys:

BFHCIKEALJ

SectionVIITranslation

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ationfromEnglishtoChine

Directions:TranslatethefollowingntencesfromEnglishtoChine.

y,itprovidespeople

ly,itprovidesmorejobopportunities.

elivery,ubiquitousintheUS,isanewconceptinChina,wherediningouthaslong

beenenasalavishmodeofliving.

fthemostimportantcharacteristicsofwineandamajorindexinevaluatingits

quality,winearomadetermineswine’sindividualityandquality.

tructurespendingisstillstrongandlikelytoaccelerate,butexportsareslowingandare

expectedtodeterioraterapidlyincomingmonthsastheworlddemandweakens.

equentlyobrvedthatenterprisdischargepollutantwithoutpermissionorbeyond

pollutionlimitstomaximizetheirprofits,whichdeterioratestheecologicalenvironmentof

ourcountry.

otbesaidtoberichorevenwell-to-do,butheislavishindiggingintohisownpocket

inordertoinduceamillionairetomakeacontributiontoaworthycau.

hilddoessomethingwrong,d,discussthe

issuewithhimandlethimknowthatitishisdecision.

untrynowhasahardandfastruleagainstateachertakingmoneytoraiastudent’s

grade,whichisnotonlydishonestbutunfairtoalltheotherstudentsintheclass.

tchcouldneverrepairitlf–itdoesnotconsistoflivingparts,onlyofmetal,which

wearsawaybyfriction.

turnedouttobeagood-naturedchildwho,withtheincreasingabnceofhisfather

andbrothers,wastreatedwiththeutmostindulgencebyhismotherandsisters.

rnsouttobetechnicallyandeconomicallysound,thelarmightprovetobeamajor

breakthroughintelephonecommunication.

oint,afterrepeatedpersuasionsfromtheclergy,andterrifiedbythethreatofdeathby

burning,Joanbrokedownandconfesdtoguilt.

greatmanyloudexplosions,thecarsbrokedownonthe

courandsomedriversspentmoretimeundertheircarsthaninthem!

o’sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinvented

telescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaround

theearth.

sthixplainswhywelongforthatmostelusivequalityinourleaders–thequalityof

authenticity,ofbeingwhoyousayyouare,ofposssingatruthfulnessthatgoesbeyond

words.

Keysforreference;

1.假日经济的重要性不能低估。第一，它给人们提供了放松身心的机会。第二，它提供了

更多就业机会。

2.在美国随处可见的外卖比萨在中国还是一个新鲜概念，中国人长期以来都将外出就餐视

为一种奢侈的生活方式。

3.香气是葡萄酒最主要的特征，也是评判葡萄酒品质的一个重要指标，它决定了葡萄酒的

特性和品质。

4.基础设施投资依然强劲并有可能继续增加，但随着全球需求减弱，出口正在放缓并可能

学习好资料_____________________________________________

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在今后几个月迅速恶化。

5.为实现自身利益最大化，企业偷排、超标排放污染物事件屡有发生，造成生态环境恶化。

6.他不是有钱甚至也并不宽裕，但是为了促使大富豪为有价值的事业做出贡献，他会慷慨

地掏空自己的钱袋。

7.当孩子做错事情时，不要用命令的方式告诉孩子应该怎么做，而应该同孩子讨论这个问

题，让孩子觉得那是他自己的决定。

8.那个国家现在有一个严格的规定，禁止老师接受金钱来提高一个学生的分数。那样做不

仅是不诚实的行为，而且对班上其他学生来说也是不公平的。

9.但是，手表绝不会自行修理，它不是由有生命的部件组成，而是由金属组成，而金属可

以随着磨擦而受损。

10.那个男孩本性善良，只因为越来越多的时候父亲和兄弟们都不在他身边，所以他受到母

亲和姐姐们的极度溺爱。

11.要是激光在技术上可靠，在经济上又有利的话，那么，它就可能成为电话通讯方面的一

个重要突破。

12.由于牧师的不断劝诫，和惧于将被烧死的威胁，琼曾不再死撑而承认自己有罪。

13.在好一阵喧闹的爆炸声之后，比赛开始了。很多汽车在途中就抛了锚，所以有些驾驶员

花在车底下的时间比坐在车里面的时间还长。

14.伽利略最辉煌的业绩在于他是在1609年就把新发明的望远镜对准了天体，以证明行星

是围绕太阳而不是地球运转的第一人。

15.也许这也解释了我们为何期望在领导者们身上找到最难以描述的特性——真实，言行一

致，拥有一种无法用语言表达的真诚。

ationfromChinetoEnglish

Directions:TranslatethefollowingChineintoEnglish,usingtheexpressions(or

followingtheinstructions)giveninthebrackets.

1.私人轿车的增长会造成城市交通状况恶化，并带来污染、能耗等诸多社会问题。

(deteriorate;depletion)

2.最让女人尴尬的，就是在一个正式的宴会上发现另一个女人穿着和自己相同的衣服。

(embarrassing;formal)

3.现在，公司唯一关心的事情就是进行有效的废物处理和提高利润。(careabout;waste

disposal)

4.我们都不能低估女人在职业晋升过程中所面临的困难程度。(underestimate;career

advancement)

5.低估了创业的难度是企业家面临的最大问题。(underestimate;entrepreneur;obstacle)

6.如果你试图用金钱来弥补对孩子的忽视，那只会使亲情愈来愈淡薄。(negligence;

deteriorate)

7.父母把自己的爱和关怀无私慷慨地给予了孩子。然而，当他们年迈时，其中一些却只能

无奈地独自生活。(lavish;becondemnedto)

8.当一名男子和一名女子一起行走时，按照惯例，男子应当走在人行道上靠马路的那一边。

(convention;dictate;curbside)

9.我们不仅需要平均区分工作和娱乐，而且应同样严格地区分主动的玩乐和被动的消遣。

(hard-and-fastdistinction;passive)

10.令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长竟然是个贪官。(turnout;corrupt)

11.开会素来被认为是无效、浪费时间及开销昂贵，所以结果是大多数人不愿参加会议。

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(reputation;turnout)

12.我们常常听说，有人因工作过度而垮下来，但实际上他们十有八九是因为饱受担忧或焦

虑的折磨。(breakdown;anxiety)

13.为了纪念那位为文学做出重大贡献的中国科学家，这颗新发现的星星就以他的名字命

名。(astronomy;nameafter)

14.在翻译实践中，我们会发现有时很难把一些否定结构逐字地翻译成汉语，有时甚至很难

确定它们在原语中的意思。(literally;elusive)

15.批评家指责政府的疏忽，未能从早先2007年爆发的火灾中得到教训。

(accu…of;negligence;previous)

Keysforreference:

reaofprivatecarsmaydeterioratethecitytraffic,andbringaboutvarioussocial

problemssuchaspollutionanddepletionofenergysources.

tembarrassingthingforawomanistofindanotherwomanwearingthesamedressat

aformalparty.

ow,theonlythingthecompanycaresaboutifficientwastedisposalandhigher

profits.

usshouldeverunderestimatethedegreeofdifficultywomenfaceincareer

advancement.

stimatingthedifficultyofstartingabusinessisoneofthebiggestobstacles

entrepreneursface.

ntendtouthepowerofmoneytomakeupyournegligencetoyourchildren,that

willonlydeteriorateyourrelations.

r,whentheybecomeold,someof

themarecondemnedtolivealone.

anandawomanwalktogether,conventiondictatesthatthemanwalkonthe

curbsideoftheroad.

tomakeahardandfastdistinctionnotonlybetweenworkandplaybutequally

betweenactiveplayandpassiveentertainment.

urpri,thisgovernorwhoisoftenpraidforhishonestyshouldturnouttobea

corruptofficial.

gshaveareputationforbeinginefficient,rns

out,mostpeopleprefernottoattendthem.

nhearofpeoplebreakingdownfromoverwork,butinninecasoutoftentheyare

reallysufferingfromworryoranxiety.

rtomemorizetheChinescientistwhomadegreatcontributiontoastronomy,the

newfoundstarisnamedafterhim.

racticeoftranslation,wemayfindnowandthenthatsomenegativestructurescan

hardlyberenderedintoChineliterally,andsometimeventheiroriginalmeaningscould

beelusive.

saccudthegovernmentofnegligenceandoffailingtolearnfromapreviousoutbreak

offirein2007.

七：写作

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Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic

Discussingthe“MeaningofLife”uldwriteatleast150words,

andbayourcompositionontheoutlinebelow.

1．大学生讨论生命的意义重要且有必要

2．了解生命意义将指导我们正确看待生活，分辨是非善恶

3．通过讨论认清自己的人生目标