gwd

GWD-TN-21:Verbal

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Q1:GWD32-Q2

Writtenininkorengravedbystylus,morethan2,000lettersanddocumentsonwoodentabletxcavatedatthesiteofthe

oldromanfortatvindolandainnorthernEnglandareyieldingahistoricalaccountofthemilitarygarrisoninthefirstand

condcenturiesthataresovividintheirdetailsaboutpersonallifeastheyarefromPompeii

ividintheirdetailsaboutpersonallifeastheyate

ividintheirdetailsofpersonallifeasthogathered

vidintheirdetailaboutpersonallifeasthatgathered

vidinitsdetailsofpersonallifeasthatgathered

vidinitsdetailsofpersonallifeasisthat

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GWD-31-Q2-Q4

2:Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthe

condntenceofthepassage(lines7-14:theGDP

assumesthattheeconomicsignificance…)inthecontext

ofthepassageasawhole?

ribesanassumptionabouttheGDPthatis

defendedinthecourofthepassage.

ributestoadiscussionoftheoriginsofthe

GDP.

C.

tifiesamajorflawintheGDP

estsarevisiontothemethodofcalculating

theGDP.

-----------------------------------------------------------------

3:Theprimarypurpoofthepassageisto

fywaysinwhichtheGDPcouldbemodifiedso

thatitwouldrveasamoreaccurateindicatorof

theeconomicwellbeingoftheUnitedStates.

B.

C.

hatthegrowthoftheUnitedStateconomy

inrecentdecadeshasdiminishedtheeffectiveness

oftheGDPasanindicatorofthenation’conomic

well-being.

showtheGDPcametobeudastheprimary

indicatoroftheeconomicwellbeingoftheUnited

States

------------------------------------------------------------------

4:Thepassageimpliesthatnationalpoliciesthatrely

heavilyoneconomicindicatorssuchastheGDPtendto

A.

ardtheeconomicimportanceofenvironmental

andsocialfactorsthatdonotinvolvemonetary

transactions

C.

D.

thattheeconomicsignificanceofgoodsand

rvicesdoesnotliesolelyinthepriceoftho

goodsandrvices

------------------------------------------------------

GWD-31-Q5-Q8

Recentrearchonconsumermemoryand

judgmentsuggestsanotheradvantageofimplicit

sorconclusionsthatarelf-generated

aremoreaccessiblefrommemorythanbeliefsfrom

conclusionsprovidedexplicitlybyotherindividuals,and

thushaveagreaterimpactonjudgmentanddecision

er,lf-generatedbeliefsareoften

perceivedasmoreaccurateandvalidthanthebeliefsof

others,becauotherindividualsmaybeperceivedasless

knowledgeable,ormaybeperceivedasmanipulativeor

deliberatelymisleading.

Despitetheadvantages,implicitconclusionsmay

notalwaysbemoreeffectivethanexplicitconclusions.

Oneriskisthatsomeconsumersmayfailtodrawtheir

ownconclusionsandthusmissthepointofthemessage.

Inferentialactivityislikelyonlywhenconsumersare

motivatedandabletoengageineffortfulcognitive

rriskisthatsomeconsumersmaydraw

inferential

activityislikely,thereisnoguaranteethatconsumerswill

y,athird

riskisthatconsumersmayinfertheintendedconclusion

butquestionthevalidityoftheirinference.

5:Theprimarypurpoofthepassageisto

uttherisksinvolvedintheuofaparticular

advertisingstrategy

aorthesuperiorityofoneadvertising

strategyoveranother

ratethewaysinwhichtwoadvertising

strategiesmaybeimplemented

ttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftwo

advertisingstrategies

stthetypesoftargetmarketsforwhichtwo

advertisingstrategiesareappropriate

--------------------------------------------------------------

6:Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattherearch

mentionedinline43(Recentrearchonconsumer

memoryandjudgment)supportswhichofthefollowing

statements?

itconclusionsaremorelikelytocapture

accuratelythepointoftheadvertir’smessagethan

areexplicitconclusions.

rargumentactionislesslikelytooccurifan

individual’sbeliefsorconclusionsarereadily

accessiblefrommemory.

d-llapproachresultsinconclusionsthat

aremoredifficultfortheconsumertorecallthanare

conclusionsresultingfromthesoft-llapproach.

ebeliefsofothersareprentedasdefinite

andforcefulclaims,theyareperceivedtobeas

accurateaslf-generatedbeliefs.

etheadvantagesofimplicitconclusions,the

hard-llapproachinvolvesfewerrisksforthe

advertirthandoesthesoft-llapproach.

-------------------------------------------------------------

7:Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatonesituation

inwhichtheboomerangeffectoftenoccursiswhen

consumers

enexpodtoforcefulclaimsthatare

diametricallyoppodtothoinanadvertir’s

message

eviouslf-generatedbeliefsorconclusions

thatarereadilyaccessiblefrommemory

jectedtoadvertisingmessagesthatare

targetedatspecificmarketstowhichtho

consumersdonotbelong

fudregardingthepointoftheadvertir’s

message

E.

-------------------------------------------------------------

8:Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatadvertirs

couldreduceoneoftherisksdiscusdinthelast

paragraphiftheywereabletoprovide

tionforconsumerstothinkaboutthe

advertiment’smessage

ationthatimpliestheadvertir’sintended

conclusionbutleavesthatconclusionunstated

C.

D.

unityforconsumerstogeneratetheirown

beliefsorconclusions

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31-Q9

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

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GWD31-Q10

Inordertoevaluatetheforceofthearchaeologists’evidence,itwouldufultodeterminewhichofthefollowing?

rartifactsfromAshkelonwerewidelytradedtonon-Canaanitecities?

rsignificantnumbersofartifactsthatdonotrembleartifactsproducedinAshkelonhavebeenfoundat

Avans?

rAvanswasthenearestHyksoscityinEgypttoCanaan?

uedtoproduceartifactssimilartothofoundatAvans?

enfoundinEgypt

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31-Q11

Cashflowstostockandbondmutualfundshavegainedstrengthinthelasttwomonths,butfundmanagershavenotbeen

eagertoinvestthenewmoney,insteadofpreferringtoraithecashlevelsintheirportfoliosatthehighestlevelinsix

months.

tbeeneagertoinvestthenewmoney,insteadofpreferringtoraithecashlevelsintheirportfoliosat

tbeeneagertoinvestthenewmoney,insteadpreferringtoraithecashlevelsintheirportfoliosto

tbeeneageratinvestingthenewmoney,insteadofpreferringtoraithecashlevelsinthiefportfolios

to

teagertoinvestthenewmoney,insteadofpreferringtoraithecashlevelsthecashlevelsintheir

portfoliosat

teageratinvestingthenewmoney,insteadpreferringtoraithecashlevelsintheirportfoliosto

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31-Q12

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostriouslyunderminestheconclusiondrawnabove?

wordsaregeneratedrandomly,itistheoreticallypossiblethatemployeeswillbeassignedpasswordsthat

theymighthavelectedontheirown.

lygeneratedpasswordsaresodifficultforemployeestorecallthattheyoftenrecordthepasswordsin

placeswherethepasswordscouldbeeasilyenbyothers.

C.

D.

E.

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31-Q13

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

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Q14:GWD32-Q5

Arcticterns,beingtruelong-distancemigrants,theynestincoastalwetlandsofnorthernEuropebutflysouthforthousandsof

milestospendtheEuropeanwintersinAntarctica.

terns,beingtruelongdistancemigrants,theynestincoastalwetlandsofnorthernEurope

ternsaretruelongdistancemigrants,nestingincoastalwetlandsofnorthernEurope

hattheyaretruelongdistancemigrants,arcticternsnestincoastalwetlandsofnorthernEurope

gincoastalwetlandsofnorthernEurope,arcticternsaretruelongdistantmigrants

ngdistancemigrants,arcticternsnestincoastalwetlandsofnorthernEurope

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31-Q15

Reptiles,bydrawingtheirbodyheatdirectlyfromtheSunratherthanburningcaloriestogenerateit,cansurviveonten

percentofthenourishmentthatamammalofsimilarsizewouldnormallyrequire

thanburningcaloriestogenerateit

thanthegenerationofbodyheatbyburningcalories

fromgeneratingitbyburningcalories

dofbyburningcaloriesforgeneratingit

dofbodyheatgeneratedbyburningcalories

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31-16

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,caststhemostdoubtonthepredictionaboutlight-line’sprospects?

A.

ingitsproductionofregeneratorswillrequireLight-Linetospendproportionatelymoreonlaborand

materials.

C.

D.

E.

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31-Q17

Itiscruciallyimportanttofyeffective

herbicideissafeforcorn,butsoybeansaredamagedevenbytheherbicide’sresidue,whichremainsinthesoilmorethan

nsandcornarenotsowntogetherinthesamefiled;nevertheless,most

farmersarereluctanttoutheherbicideontheircorn.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthestrongestjustificationforthefarmers’reluctance?

idueoftheherbicideinthesoilayearafterapplicationisnotenoughtocontrolmostweedffectively.

tainthenutrientsinthesoil,cornandsoybeansareoftenplantedinafieldinalternateyears.

andforsoybeansisgrowingfasterthanisthedemandforcorn.

imumyield,soybeanplantsaregrownclortogethertoeachotherthanarecornplants.

licationofherbicidesislesscriticalforsoybeanthanforcorncrops.

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31-Q18

Accordingtoarecentsurveyofmunicipalrvices,thecity’sstreetscouldbecleaner,itsfirecodebebetterenforced,

anditscrimeratereducedifthecurrentadministrationimproveditsmanagementpractices.

erenforced,anditscrimeratereduced

enforced,anditscrimeratereduced

ebetterenforced,anditcouldreduceitscrimerate

enforced,anditscrimeratecouldreduce

ebetterenforced,anditscrimeratereduce

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31-19

Sonya:nd’scigarettepriceswillstillbereasonablylow,so

uently,governmentrevenuefromthetaxwillincrea.

Raoul:True,smokingisunlikelytodecrea,becauCopeland’ll,however,

nolongerbethelowestintheregion,sowemightbegintoesubstantialillegalsalesofsmuggledcigarettesinCopeland.

RaoulrespondstoSonya’sargumentbydoingwhichofthefollowing?

oningthesupportforSonya’sconclusionbydistinguishingcarefullybetweennochangeandnodecrea

gSonya’sconclusionintoquestionbypointingtoapossibleeffectofacertainchange.

gthatSonya’sconclusionwouldbebettersupportedifSonyacouldciteaprecedentforwhatshepredicts

willhappen.

gthatacauthatSonyaclaimswillbeproducingacertaineffectisnottheonlycauthatcouldproduce

thateffect

ngoutthatacertaininitiativeisnotboldenoughtohavethepredictsitwillhave

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GWD-31-Q20-Q23

Anthropologistsoncethoughtthattheancestors

ofmodernhumansbegantowalkuprightbecauitfreed

theirhandstoustonetools,whichtheyhadbegunto

makeasthespecievolvedabrainofincreadsizeand

coveriesofthe

three-million-year-oldfossilizedremainsofourhominid

ancestorAustralopithecushaveyieldedsubstantial

anatomicalevidencethatuprightwalkingappearedprior

tothedramaticenlargementofthebrainandthe

developmentofstonetools.

20:Thepassagesuggeststhatproponentsofthe

theorymentionedinlines50-54(Onetheoryis…

offspring)assumethatwhichofthefollowingstepsin

humanevolutionoccurredmostrecently?

pmentofanuclearfamilystructure

tionfromwalkingonallfourstowalking

upright

icenlargementofthebrain

hehandstogatherandcarryfood

E.

--------------------------------------------------------

lladaptedtolargegroupcooperation

lladaptedtowalkingupright

ileinrunningandclimbing

llsuitedtoanuclearfamilystructure

llsuitedtocooperativecaringfortheir

offspring

---------------------------------------------------------

22:Accordingtothepassage,thehominid

australopithecinemostclolyrembledamodern

humanwithrespecttowhichofthefollowing

characteristics?

ize

kingability

fthepelvis

D.

enceforcertainfoods

--------------------------------------------------------------

23:Theprimarypurpoofthepassageisto

A.

B.

hatthetransitiontoanuclearfamily

structurewasamorecrucialstepinhuman

evolutionthanwasthedevelopmentofstonetools

D.

mplesofmuscleandbonestructureto

illustratetheevolutionarydifferencesbetween

modernhumans,australopithecines,and

chimpanzees

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

31-24

Thepropodbudgetincludesmorethan$1billionincutsthatwillshrinkthepolicedepartmentthroughattrition,have

haltedsomeambulanceshifts,andhavesuspendedplasticandglassrecycling.

A.A:havehaltedsomeambulanceshifts,andhavesuspended

B.B:alongwithhaltsinsomeambulanceshifts,andsuspending

C.C:aswellashaltedsomeambulanceshifts,andsuspend

D.D:haltsomeambulanceshifts,andsuspending

E.E:haltsomeambulanceshifts,andsuspend

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31-Q25

MostEuropeancountriesofferavarietyofprogramsforassistingworkingparents,whichincludepaidmaternityand

paternityleaves,financialallowancesforfamilieswithchildren,andtheysubsidizepublicnurriesandkindergartens.

istingworkingparents,whichincludepaidmaternityandpaternityleaves,financialallowancesforfamilies

withchildren,andtheysubsidize

assistanceofworkingparents,toincludepaidmaternityandpaternityleaves,alsofinancialallowancesfor

familieswithchildren,andsubsidizing

rtoassistworkingparents,toincludepaidmaternityandpaternityleaves,financialallowancesfor

familieswithchildren,andtosubsidize

stworkingparents,whichincludespaidmaternityandpaternityleaves,financialallowancesforfamilies

withchildren,andtheyalsosubsidize

stworkingparents,includingpaidmaternityandpaternityleaves,financialallowancesforfamilieswith

children,andsubsidized

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31-Q26

ArocaCounty’ntyplanstoeliminatetheproperty

taxandsupportschercentofcurrent

retailsalesislessthantheamountcollectedthroughpropertytaxes,butimplementationoftheplanwouldnotnecessarily

reducetheamountofmoneygoingtoArocaCountypublicschools,becau______.

ocaCountyresidentshavealreadyleftthecountybecauofitshighpropertytaxes

ingmalllikelytodrawshoppersfromneighboringcountiesisabouttoopeninArocaCounty

tsomeArocaCountyparentsarelikelytouthemoneytheywillsaveonpropertytaxestondtheir

childrentoprivateschoolsnotfundedbythecounty

ficantproportionofparentsofArocaCountypublicschoolstudentsdonotowntheirhomesand

conquentlydonotpaypropertytaxes

ersinArocaCountyarenotlikelytoabsorbthesalestaxbyreducingthepretaxpriceoftheirgoods

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31-Q27

gatleastoneFloridabrokeragefirmtostoptrading,anditnt

gatleastoneFloridabrokeragefirmtostoptradingandnding

atleastoneFloridabrokeragefirmtostoptradingandnding

leastoneFloridabrokeragefirmforcedtostoptradingandnding

toneFloridabrokeragefirmwasforcedtostoptrading,anditnt

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

31-Q28

Rocksamplestakenfromtheremainsofanasteroidabouttwicethesizeofthe6-nuke-wideasteroidthateradicatedthe

dinosaurshasbeendatedtobe3.47billionyearsoldandthusividenceoftheearliestknownasteroidimpactonEarth.

ndatedtobe3.47billionyearsoldandthusis

ndatedat3.47billionyearsoldandthus

endatedtobe3.47billionyearsoldandthusare

endatedasbeing3.47billionyearsoldandthus

endatedat3.47billionyearsoldandthusare

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31-Q29

Whichofthefollowing,iftruecaststhemostriousdoubtontherailexecutive’sargument?

ainrvicealongagivenroutehasbeendiscontinued,therearesubstantialstart-upcostsassociatedwith

restoringrvicealongthatroute.

thenewresidentsofLumberton’ssuburbsdonotneedtotravelintoLambertonregularlyforshoppingor

recreation

nrvicewererestoredthiswithincreadhoursofrvicetherewouldnotbeanincreaintotalridership

yconductedlastyearshowedthatfewpeoplelivinginLambertonoritssuburbssupportincreadpublic

fundingformasstransportation

E.

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-31-Q30

TheUnitedStatespetroleumindustry’scosttomeetenvironmentalregulationsisprojectedattenpercentofthepriceper

barrelofrefinedpetroleumbytheendofthedecade

tedStatespetroleumindustry’scosttomeetenvironmentalregulationsisprojectedattenpercentofthe

priceperbarrelofrefinedpetroleumbytheendofthedecade.

timatedthatbytheendofthedecadethecosttotheUnitedStatespetroleumindustryofmeeting

environmentalregulationswillbetenpercentofthepriceperbarrelofrefinedpetroleum.

ndofthedecade,theUnitedStatespetroleumindustry’scostofmeetingenvironmentalregulationsis

projectedattenpercentofthepriceperbarrelofrefinedpetroleum.

environmentalregulations,thecosttotheUnitedStatespetroleumindustryistimatedattenpercentof

thepriceperbarrelofrefinedpetroleumbytheendofthedecade.

tedStatespetroleumindustry’scostbytheendofthedecadetomeetenvironmentalregulationsis

estimatedattenpercentofthepriceperbarrelofrefinedpetroleum.

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GWD-31-Q31-Q34

Q31.

Theprimarypurpoofthepassageisto

utsomeofthedifferencesbetweendominant

andkeystonespecies.

B.

theeffectofaparticularhabitatontherole

occupiedbyacertainkeystonespecies

D.

nsomeconsiderationsinvolvedindetermining

whetheraspeciesoccupiesakeystonerole

----------------------------------------------------------------

Q32:

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostclearlysupport

theargumentaboutkeystonestatusadvancedinthelast

ntenceofthepassage(lines15–19)?

esofbatisprimarilyresponsibleforkeeping

inctpopulationswithinanecosystemlow,andthe

sizeoftheinctpopulationinturnaffectsbird

specieswithinthatecosystem.

esofiguanaoccupiesakeystoneroleon

certaintropicalislands,butdoesnotplaythatroleon

adjacenttropicalislandsthatareinhabitedbya

greaternumberofanimalspecies.

brvationofasavannahecosystemreveals

thatmorespeciesoccupykeystoneroleswithinthat

ecosystemthanbiologistshadpreviouslybelieved.

D.

esofmouthatoccupiesakeystoneroleina

prairiehabitatdevelopscolorationpatternsthat

camouflageitfrompotentialpredators.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Q33:

Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthe

identificationofaspeciesasakeystonespecies?

identificationdependsprimarilyonthe

species’relationshiptothedominantspecies.

identificationcanbestbemadebyremoving

thespeciesfromaparticularecosystemand

obrvingchangesthatoccurintheecosystem.

C.

identificationemstodependonvarious

factorswithintheecosystem.

identificationcanbestbemadebyobrving

predationbehavior.

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25-Q16

AHarvardanthropologisthaspropodthatusingfiretocookfoodcouldbedatedbacktoalmosttwomillionyearsand

thatitcouldexplainhominidfeatureslikehavingalargebrainandsmallteeth.

iretocookfoodcouldbedatedbacktoalmosttwomillionyearsandthatitcouldexplainhominidfeatures

likehaving

offiretocookfoodcoulddatebackalmosttwomillionyearsandcouldexplainsuchhominidfeaturesas

gfoodwithfirecoulddatebacktoalmosttwomillionyears,explaininghominidfeatureslike

edtocookfoodcoulddatebackalmosttwomillionyears,explaininghominidfeaturessuchashaving.

edforcookingfoodcouldbedatedbacktoalmosttwomillionyearsandexplainhominidfeatureslike.

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31-35

AconsortiumofhistoricallyBlackcollegesintheUnitedStatescapitalizingonsuchschoolstraditionallyrichrelationships

withAfricannations,integratesAfricanconcernsintoaninternationalbusinessstudy

lizingonsuchschool’traditionallyrichrelationshipswithAfricannations

apitalizingonthetraditionallyrichrelationshipsofsuchschoolsandAfricannations

hcapitalizingonsuchschools’andAfricannations’traditionallyrichrelationships

apitalizeonthetraditionallyrichrelationshipsofsuchschoolsandAfricannations

talizingonsuchschools’andAfricannations’traditionallyrichrelationship

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

25-Q17（原CD16-17）

Untilrecently,theInuitpeopleledanomadicexistence,shelteringinigloos,theice-blockdomesthatarepeculiarto

north-centralCanada,andinstructuresmadeofstones,bones,driftwood,andskins.

ecently,theInuitpeopleledanomadicexistence,sheltering

B.

C.

lrecently,theInuitpeople,leadinganomadicexistence,havesheltered

E.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

31-37

signedtodo

signeddoing

sbeingassigneddoing

edfordoing

gnedtodo

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

31-38

A.

ecityairbecameincreasinglyacidicthecloronecametotown

C.

emorethecityairbecameincreasinglyacidic,thecloronewastotown

E.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

31-39

From1965on,theregion’sstandardoflivinghassoared,butalsounemploymentandprices,

o

o

ave

lso

id

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

31-40

AshortageofordersforMantoAircraft’sairlinershasledanalyststopredictthatthemanufacturerwillhavetolayoff

workers,theneworderthatconsolidatedairlineshasjustmadefor20ofManto’smodelTXjetsdoesnotprovideareason

fortheanalyststorevitheirpredictions,becausimultaneouslywithitsneworder,consolidatedcanceleditxisting

orderforanequalnumberofmanto’slarger,moreexpensivemodelZjets.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostriouslyweakenstheargument?

eliesmoreheavilyonoutsidesubcontractorstoprovidethelabortomanufacturethemodelZthanitdoes

themodelTX

toemployeeswhocurrentlyworktomanufacturethemodelZarenotproficientatmanufacturingthe

modelTX

ncludesallrequiredmaintenanceworkforthefirstfiveyearsinthepriceofeachjetitlls

D.

numberoftheairlinersinconsolidatedfleetareatthebeginningoftheirexpectedrvicelife

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

31-41

EventhoughClovispoints,spearpointswithlongitudinalgrooveschippedontotheirfaces,havebeenfoundallovernorth

America,theyarenamedfortheNewMexicositewheretheywerefirstdiscoveredin1932.

oughClovispoints,spearpointswithlongitudinalgrooveschippedontotheirfaces,havebeenfoundall

overnorthAmerica,theyarenamedfortheNewMexicositewheretheywerefirstdiscoveredin1932.

ghnamedfortheNewMexicositewherefirstdiscoveredin1932,Clovispointsarespearpointsof

longitudinalgrooveschippedontotheirfacesandhavebeenfoundallovernorthAmerica.

ortheNewMexicositewheretheyhavebeenfirstdiscoveredin1932,Clovispoints,spearpointsof

longitudinalgrooveschippedontothefaces,havebeenfoundallovernorthAmerica.

ointswithlongitudinalgroovesthatarechippedontothefaces,Clovispoints,eventhoughnamedforthe

NewMexicositewherefirstdiscoveredin1932,butwerefoundallovernorthAmerica.

lovispointsarespearpointswhofaceshavelongitudinalgrooveschippedintothem,theyhavebeen

foundallovernorthAmerica,andnamedfortheNewMexicositewheretheyhavebeenfirstdiscoveredin1932