前程似锦英语

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重难点分析

在英语中，被动语态使用得比汉语要多、要普遍，但大多数句子都使用主动语态。被动语

态在英语中极为重要。高考中通常把时态和语态结合起来考查。

动词的语态有两种：主动语态(theactivevoice)和被动语态(thepassivevoice)。主动语态表

示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.全世界的人都在讲英语。(theactivevoice)

Englishisspokenbypeopleallovertheworld.(thepassivevoice)

一、动词的被动语态构成一览表(以ask为例)

常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成

一般现在时am/is/areasked现在完成时have/hasbeenasked

一般过去时was/wereasked过去完成时hadbeenasked

一般将来时will/shallbeasked过去将来时would/shouldbeasked

现在进行时am/is/arebeingasked过去将来完成时would/shouldhavebeen

asked

过去进行时was/werebeingasked含有情态动词can/must/may…beasked

被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后面加not；短语动词的被动语态不可漏

掉其中的介、副词。固定结构begoingto,udto,haveto,hadbetter变为被动语态时，

只需将其后的动词变为被动语态。如：Wearenotallowedtosmoke.不允许我们抽烟。/

Heisoftenmadefunofbyhisclassmates.他经常被他的同班同学捉弄。/Newspaperud

tobenthereat10a.m.过去报纸常常是上午10点被送到的。

据说类动词，如：Itissaid/believed/suppod/reportedthat…,Itisgenerallyconsidered

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注

意

事

项

that…,Itiswellknownthat…等，及Itmustbeadmitted/pointedoutthat…等结构常以被动

形式出现。

以下主动形式常表被动意义：Thebikeneeds/wants/requiresrepairing.这辆自行车需要修

理。/Thefilmiswortheing.这部电影值得看。/Thedoorwon’tshut/open.这门不能关

/开。/Theplaywon’tact.这部戏不能演。/Theclotheswashwell.这些衣服很好洗。/The

bookllswell.这本书很畅销。/Thedishtastesdelicious.这份菜尝起来很美味。/Water

feelsverycold.水摸上去很冷。

不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词)：appear,die,disappear,end,fail,

happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,

loheart,takeplace等

不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,

watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,take

partin,walkinto,belongto等

系动词无被动语态(“keep”除外)：be,appear,become,fall,feel,get,grow,look,remain,

em,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等

二、被动语态和系表结构的区别

1.被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如：

Thecupwasbrokenbyaboy.这个杯子是被一个男孩打破的。(被动语态)

Thecupisbroken.这杯子是破的。(系表结构)

2.前者可有多种时态，而后者通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如：

Mybikeisbeing/willbe/wasrepaired.(被动语态)我的自行车正在被修理/将被修理/被

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修理过了。

Heis/wasinterestedinhiswork.(系表结构)他对他的工作感兴趣。

3.被动语态可跟by短语，表动作的执行者。如：

Thedresswasmadebymymother.这件衣服是我妈妈做的。

考点练透

一、单句填空用括号中所给动词或动词短语的适当形式填空。

ney__________(spend),wecanearnitback,butwhentimeislost,itwillnever

return.

ersareaskedtomakesurethatthey__________(give)therightchangebefore

leavingtheshop.

hanges__________(takeplace)inthecity,andalotoffactories__________(tup).

icefoundthatthehou__________(breakinto)andalotofthings

__________(steal).

cussion__________(come)alivewhenaninterestingtopicwasbroughtin.

dteachersaysthatallthepreparationsfortheparty__________(complete)by

Friday.

weatherwillcontinuetomorrowwhenacoldfrost__________(expect)toarrive.

elessdriveris__________(blame)forthetrafficaccidentthat__________(happen)

yesterday.

susually__________(ll)wellonValentine’sDay,sotheirflowers__________(ll)in

notimethatday.

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obuythatkindofclothbecauI__________(tell)thecloth__________(wash)well.

dodaVinci(1452—1519)__________(say)tohaveboughtbirdskeptincagesin

ordertohavethepleasureofttingthemfree.

12.—Haveyouhandedinyourschoolworkyet?

—Yes,it__________(grade)now.

onlivedtoday,hewouldbesurpridbywhat__________(discover)inscience

andtechnology.

kneeds__________(complete)by6p.m.

berofdeathsfromheartdia__________(reduce)greatlyifpeopleare

persuadedtoeatmorevegetables.

ldgetintothegoodhabitofsavingtimeandneverleavewhatcan

__________(do)todayuntiltomorrow.

hebeliefthatmoremeasureswill__________(take)topreventlossofsoilalong

theYellowRiver.

ntyears,moreandmorehighwaysandoverpass__________(buildup)in

Guangzhou.

n-madesatellites__________(ndup)intospacesofarbymanycountries.

retrees__________(plant)nextyear.

二、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Thereisnodoubtthatthejobinterviewisanimportantpartofjobhunting,asthe

impressionyoucreateduringthejobinterviewcanmaketheinterviewerfeel“withyou”or

“againstyou”.Thejobinterviewisthetimeto“ll”1bygivingexamplesofexperiences

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youhavehadrelatedtothejoband2revealing(展现)rtomake

3solidimpressionwithsuccess,youhadbetterkeepthefollowingtworulesinmind:

Oneistoprentyourlfandyour4(able)r,don’texaggerate

thetruth;,carefullyandget

6(listen)isoftenaconsiderate

personand7(appreciate)byeveryonestayingwithyou.

8itisimportanttotalkaboutyoursuccessfulexperiences,don’tcomeontoostrong

andsoundlikeaboaster(吹嘘者).9youarenotsurewhatthejobwillrequireofyou,ask

terviewerswillappreciateyourquestions

10yourabilitytolistenandrespond.

助读词汇

interviewern.面试官solidadj.可靠的

prentvt.呈现；介绍exaggeratevt.夸大

considerateadj.体贴的qualifiedadj.合格的

appreciatevt.欣赏jobhunting求职

relatedto与……有关keep…inmind记住……

getinvolvedin参与Thereisnodoubtthat…毫无疑问……

三、佳作欣赏下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩且灵活的

语言表达，其中也包含有动词或动词短语，用心体会其用法。

NodoubteverygradethreestudentwishestobesuccessfulintheNationalCollege

tshouldwedoinordertoachievesuccess?Herearesome

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suggestions.

First,it’sveryimportanttohavearightattitude,foranormalstateofmindand

lf-confidencenotonlyhelpsustorelaxbutalsoenablesustoovercomedifficultiesbravely.

Meanwhile,

thiswaywillwenotbeeasilypleadordisappointedwithwhatwehaveknownanddone.

Besides,we’dbettersometimestalkwithourparents,teachersorclassmates,whomayhelpus

outwhenwe’y,strikingaproperbalancebetweenstudyandrestkeepsus

energeticandahealthydietisufulaswell.

Withthedone,Ithinkwecangreatlyimproveourperformance.

参考答案

考点练透

一、单句填空

kenplace;n

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brokeninto;e;

;entold;ggraded

ting/

planted

二、语法填空

本文作者就如何在工作面试时给别人留下可靠印象给读者提供建议。

lf缺少宾语填代词。根据句意可知，此处是指推销自己或推荐自己。故填反身

代词yourlf符合上下文语境和逻辑。

根据空后的revealing和句子成分可知，此处与前面bygivingexamplesof

experiences是两个并列成分。故填by。

3.a不定冠词的最基本用法，在此意为“一个(可靠的印象)”。

y形容词性物主代词后用名词形式。

根据句意可知此处是指，仔细听并参与到面试官所说的东西。因此填what引导

宾语从句。

er作主语填代词。根据句意可知此处是指倾听者。

eciated分子句子成分可知，appreciate在此作谓语，故考虑时态和语态。时态

是一般现在时，根据空后的by可知应该用被动语态。故填isappreciated正确。

gh空后是两个分句，故填连接词。再根据句意可知，此处显然应该填一个表让

步的连接词，故填Although。注意首字母要大写。

根据句意可知，youarenotsurewhatthejobwillrequireofyou是个条件，故填If。

注意首字母要大写。

分析句子成分可知，yourquestions和yourability是两个并列宾语，且中间无句

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号、分号等，故一定是填并列连词，关系显然是表联合。故填and。