《英语常见错误解析》
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1,abdomenn.腹部
误:Hetoldthedoctorthathisabdomenwaspainful.
正:Hetoldthedoctortherewasapaininhisabdomen.
解释:根据英语习惯,肚子疼不说hisabdomenwaspainful,而是要说成therewasapainin
hisabdomen,另外,人们常用belly来代替abdomen。实际上,肚疼或者胃疼的常见说法是
haveastomach-ache.
2,abilityn.1)能力2)才智才能
误:HehastheabilityofspeakingEnglish.
误:HehastheabilitytospeakingEnglish.
误:HehasanabilitytospeakingEnglish.
正:HehastheabilitytospeakEnglish.
正:Hisabilitysavedtheteamfromdefeat.
解释:ability之后一般接不定式,不跟动名词结构。后接不定式,前要加定冠词。
3,ableadj.1)有能力的2)显示出才智的
误:Sheisableofcompletingthetaskbyherlf.
误:Shecanbeabletocompletethetaskbyherlf.
正:Sheisabletocompletethetaskbyherlf.
误:Johnisveryable.
正:Johnisanableman.
解释:able后不接动名词结构,而是要接动词不定式。为了避免语义重复,able不能和can
一起连用。able不可以坐标与,只能做定语。作表语可用capable。
4,aboundv.丰富,盛产
误:Fishisaboundinthisriver.
误:Thisriveraboundfish.
正:Fishaboundsinthisriver.
正:Thisriveraboundswithfish.
解释:abound为不及物动词。若盛产物作为主语,abound后可以直接跟地点状语,若产地
做主语,abound后要加with然后才能加盛产物。
5,aboutprep,adv
1)beaboutto即将正要2)到处
误:Iwasaboutgoingoutwhenitbeganraining.
误:Iwasabouttogooutsoonwhenitbeganraining.
正:Iwasabouttogooutwhenitbeganraining.
误:Don’tleavethingsabouteverywhere.
正:Don’tleavethingsabout.
解释:about作为介词,后面常跟名称或者动名词,但在beabout之后却要跟todo不定式。
而且beaboutto意为将要;即将;正要不能和表示意义重复的副词一起连用。如:soon,at
once,immediately,作为副词,其意义和everywhere重复,应删去其中一个。
6,abroadadv.到国外;在国外
误:Myfatherwenttoabroadamonthago.
正:Myfatherwentabroadamonthago.
误:Maryisinabroad.
正:Myisabroad.
解释:abroad是副词,自句中直接作状语,前面不能加任何介词。
7,abscondv.潜逃
误:Thecashierabscondedthebank’smoney.
正:Thecashierabscondedwiththebank’money.
解释:abscond为不及物动词,携带东西潜逃应该用abscondwith的结构。
8,abntadj./v.缺席
误:Shewasabntinschoolyesterday.
正:Shewasabntfromschoolyesterday.
正:Heabntedhimlffromthemeetingonsomepretext.
误:Thiswordisabntfromthisdictionary.
正:Thiswordisabntinthisdictionary.
误:IwenttoehimlastSundaybuthewasabnt.
正:IwenttoehimlastSundaybuthewasout.
解释:没去上学,没去开会等要用beabntfrom,但是“在某地方没有某东西”却要用be
abntin。Abnt虽有不在之意,但是“不在家”不能用abnt,而要用out.
9,absolutelyadv.绝对地
误:Heisrightabsolutely.
正:Heisabsolutelyright.
正:Heabsolutelyrefudtodiscusstheproblemanyfurther.
解释:absolutely为副词,应该放在形容词,副词或者行为动词之前,助动词或系动词之后。
10,absolvev.解除;赦免;宽恕
误:Therelationshippromidtoabsolvehisguilty.
正:Therelationshippromidtoabsolvehimfromhisguilty.
解释:“宽恕”某人可以说absolvesb,但是“宽恕某人的罪行”应该说absolvesbfromhisor
herguilt.
11,absorbv.1)吸收2)吸引
误:Paperthatabsorbsininkiscalledblottingpaper.
正:Paperthatabsorbsinkiscalledblottingpaper.
正Heisabsorbedcompletelyinhisbusiness.
正:Hehasbeenabsorbedbuthebookthisweek.
解释:absorb为及物动词,后面直接加宾语,不需要介词in,若被动语态beabsorbedin和
beabsorbedby都是正确的。
12,absorptionn.1)专注2)吸收
误:Ireallyadmirehiscompleteabsorptionwithhisbusiness.
正:Ireallyadmirehiscompleteabsorptioninhisbusiness.
正:Hisinsatiableabsorptionofknowledgeisincredible.
解释:absorption当“专注”解释时,后面要跟介词in,不能跟with;若当“吸收”讲,则
要接of.
13,abstainv.或;避免;避开
误:It’sdifficultforsomesmokerstoabstainsmoking.
误:It’sdifficultforsomesmokerstoabstainwithsmoking.
正:It’sdifficultforsomesmokerstoabstainfromsmoking.
解释:abstain为不及物动词,后面需要接介宾结构,但介词不能是with,只能是from。
14,abstentionn.或;避免;弃权
误:Hisabstentionofvotingdoesn’tproveanything.
正:Hisabstentionfromvotingdoesn’tproveanything.
解释:abstention为abstain的名词形式,他后面的介词同样也只能是from。
15,abstractv./n./adj.1)提取2)概括3)抽象的
误:Howdoyouabstractmetalwithore?
正:Howdoyouabstractmetalfromore?
正:Ihavereadtheabstractofthearticle.
正:Ican’tunderstandhisabstractideas.
解释:“abstractsthfrom....”是一个固定句型,意为“从····中提取···”
16,abundancen.丰富;充裕
误:Wehadaverygooddinnerwithfoodanddrinksofabundance.
正:Wehadaverygooddinnerwithfoodanddrinksinabundance.
正:ThereisanabundanceofcoalinChina.
解释:若东西在前,abundance在后,中间要加介词“in”连接,反之则要用of,而且abundance
前面要加不定冠词an。
17,abutv.邻接;毗邻;紧靠
误:Thereisconstantrivalrybetweentheneighborswhopropertyabuteachother.
误:Thereisconstantrivalrybetweentheneighborswhopropertyabuttoeachother.
正:Thereisconstantrivalrybetweentheneighborswhopropertyabutoneachother.
解释:abut为不及物动词。Abut之后不能跟介词to,而只能跟on,upon或against。Abut
是一个重度闭音节词汇,因此为abut-abutted-abutted.
18,acceptv.接受;领受
误:Hehasacceptedtogotoadinnerwithus.
正:Hehasacceptedourinvitationtogotoadinner.
误:PleareceivethisTVasmyprenttoyou.
正:PleaacceptthisTVasmyprenttoyou.
误:Thanksforyourprent,butIreallycan;taccept.
正:Thanksforyourprent,butIreallycan;tacceptit.
解释:accept不能带不定式宾语,receive意为收到,请某人收到一台电视是不合乎逻辑的,
因此要将receive改为accept。Accept是及物动词,宾语不能省去。
19,acceptancen.1)接受;领受2)承认;认可
误:Theyareverydelightedatouracceptancetotheirinvitation.
正:Theyareverydelightedatouracceptanceoftheirinvitation.
正:Hissuggestionwasmetwithgeneralacceptance.
解释:不能说acceptancetotheirinvitation,而是要说acceptanceoftheirinvitation.
20,accessn.1)通路2)接近进入的方法;或权利机会等
accessionn.1)就职;就任2)增加;增加物
误:Theonlyaccessfortheriverisoverthohills.
正:Theonlyaccesstotheriverisoverthohills.
正:Beforeliberation,theworkingpeoplehadnoaccesstoeducation.
正:Heiasyofaccess.
正:Thousandsofpeopleheldademonstrationagainsthisaccessiontothethrone.
正:We’reveryhappyabouttheaccessofnewmemberstotheParty.
解释:“通向某个地方的路”为theaccessto。Theaccessfor的意思和theaccessto不同,
如Thisistheonlyaccessforme.这是我唯一的出路。
21,accidentn.意外的事情;事故
误:Ididn’tmeantohityouwiththestone;itwasaccident.
正:Ididn’tmeantohityouwiththestone;itwasanaccident.
误:Hediedinatrafficincident.
正:Hediedinatrafficaccident.
误;Imetanoldfriendbyaccidentsyesterday.
正:Imetanoldfriendbyaccidentyesterday.
解释:accident为可数名词,不能说itwasaccident,而要说itwasanaccident。Accident常指
不好的事情,特别是灾难性的事件。Incident则是偶尔发生的小事儿,不一定是不好的。By
accident是一个习惯用语,意为“偶尔”或者“偶然”,accident之后不能加复数。
22,accommodatev.1)接纳;提供住宿2)调节;调停;使适应
误:Thisuniversityauditoriumcanaccommodateforoverthreethousandpeople.
正:Thisuniversityauditoriumcanaccommodatethreethousandpeople.
正;Theyhaveaccommodateduswithalargeamountofmoney.
正:Weshouldaccommodateourlvestonewconditions.
23,accompanyv.陪伴;陪同
误:Whowillaccompanytheforeigngueststogototheairport?
正:Whowillaccompanytheforeigngueststotheairport?
误:Theyaskedmetoaccompanywiththemtotheairport.
正:Theyaskedmetoaccompanythemtotheairport.
正:Heaccompaniedhisspeechwithgestures.
解释:accompany意为“陪同某人去某地”即“gowith”为了避免语义上的重复,一般不说
accompanysbtogotosw而要说accompanysbtosw。Accompany是及物动词,因此“陪同
某人”要说城accompanysb不用加介词。
24,accomplishmentn.1)完成2)成就;才艺;造诣;技能
误:Hewasrewardedforhisaccomplishmentinthetask.
正:Hewasrewardedforhisaccomplishmentofthetask.
正:Hewasrewardedforhisaccomplishmentinthefieldofscience.
正:Hehasmanyaccomplishments.
解释:完成一项具体的任务或者工作,应该用accomplishmentof····,在某一领域获得
成就,应该用accomplishmentin····。Accomplishment加复数意为“技能”或者“才艺”
25,accordingadv.根据;遵照
误:Peopleethingsdifferentlyaccordingtotheyarematerialistsoridealists.
正:Peopleethingsdifferentlyaccordingastheyarematerialistsoridealists.
误:Theywillbejudgedaccordingbythewaytheyprentthemlves.
正:Theywillbejudgedaccordingtothewaytheyprentthemlves.
正:Accordingtothepolicy,everyfamilyisonlyallowedtohaveonechild.
解释:according只用于下列两个习语中:accordingas后面接从句,意思是“根据···而···”;
accordingto,后接名词,意为“按照····”或“根据···所说”。Accordingto···=in
accordancewith。
26,accostv.走上前去跟某人讲话
误:Thebellmanaccostedtospeaktothecaptain.
误:Thebellmanaccostedtothecaptain.
正:Thebellmanaccostedthecaptain.
解释:accost的本意是“走上前去和某人谈话”因此tospeakto为多余,另外,accost是
及物动词,后面不需加介词to。
27,accountv./n.认为;解释;说明;原因;理由
误:WeallaccounthimasagoodPartymember.
正:WeallaccounthimagoodPartymember.
正:Thataccountsforthedelayofthetrain.
误:Onnoaccountyouaretoleavethehouwithoutmypermission.
正:Onnoaccountareyoutoleavethehouwithoutmypermission.
解释:account当“认为”解时,他的宾语补足语可以是形容词或者名词,直接跟在宾语之
后,不需要as;Onnoaccount是一个固定结构,意为“绝不”,常置于句首,但句子结构
需要倒装。
28,accreditv.把·····归咎
误:Heisaccreditedtothesuccessoftheplan.
正:Heisaccreditedwiththesuccessoftheplan.
正:Thesuccessoftheplanisaccreditedtohim.
解释:“把某是归咎于某人”有两种说法,即accreditsbwithsth和accreditsthtosb,在被
动语态里也一样。
29,accuv.谴责;指责
误:Theleadershipaccudhimthathewascareless.
误:Theleadershipaccudhimforbeinghewascareless.
正:Theleadershipaccudhimofcarelessness.
解释:accu后面不能接从句,也不能接介词词语“for···”而只能用于“accusbof····”
之结构。
30,accustomv./adj.使习惯;惯常的
误:I’maccustomedwiththeweatherhere.
正:I’maccustomedtotheweatherhere.
正:Ihavetoaccustommylftotheweatherhereanyway.
误:I’maccustomedtogetupearly.
正:I’maccustomedtogettingupearly.
正:Whenwatchingthetelevision,helikestositinhisaccustomedat.
解释:accustom之后只能用介词to,to后要接名词或动词。
31,achev./n.痛;连续固定的疼痛
误:Myheadachesmeverymuch.
正:Myheadachesverymuch.
误:Herheadacheswhentheweatherishot.
正:Herheadacheswhentheweatherishot.
正:Ihaveaheadache.
解释:ache为非及物动词,不带宾语。Headache:是名词,如果head是名词,ache是谓语
动词,那一定要分开写。
32,acknowledgev.承认
误:Idon’tacquainthim.
误:Iwasacquaintedtoheronlyrecently.
正:I’mnotacquaintedwithhim.
正:Igotacquaintedwithheronlyrecently.
正:We’renotacquainted.
解释:acquaint是“使···认识”而不是“认识····”因此,当人称做主语时,常用
beacquaintedwith,getacquaintedwith等。
33,acquaintancen.学识
误:Sheisveryproudofheracquirement.
正:Sheisveryproudofheracquirements..
解释:acquirement当学识讲,总用复数形式。
34,acquitv.宣判····无罪;表现;履行;完成
误:Hewalkedoffhappilyafterbeingacquittedwithallthecharges.
正:Hewalkedoffhappilyafterbeingacquittedofallthecharges.
正:Theyhaveacquittedthemlvesofvariousdutiessplendidly.
解释:acquit常用语下列两个习语中,即acquitsbof···意为“宣判某人无罪”;acquit
onelfof···意为“履行···”“完成···”,如acquitonelfofapromi履行
诺言,acquitonelfofthetask完成任务。
35,actn.行为;动作
误:Shewascaughtintheactionofstealing.
正:Shewascaughtintheactofstealing.
解释:act与action常可混用,不过act常指具体的动作而action却指抽象的行动。
36,actionn.行动;行为
误:Heisamanforactionratherthanforwords.
正:Heisamanofactionratherthanofwords.
误:It’stimeforustotakeanaction.
正:It’stimeforustotakeaction.
解释:“善于行动的人”应该是amanofaction,不能说amanforaction,倒是有这样的说
法:amanfortheaction不过表示的意思是“赞成这个行动的任何一人”takeaction是一
个习惯用语,意为“采取行动”;不能说takeanaction或takeactions。因为action是个
不可数名词(抽象名词)。
37,activeadj.灵敏的;积极的
误:Althoughheisold,heismuchactivetosomeyoungpeople.
误:Althoughheisold,heisactiverthantosomeyoungmen.
正:Althoughheisold,heismoreactivethansomeyoungmen.
误:Allthestudentsshouldtakeactivepartintheschool-plays.
正:Allthestudentsshouldtakeanactivepartintheschool-plays.
解释:凡事进行比较的句子,都要用比较式,than是比较句中的一个不可缺少的成分,任
何别的词都不能代替。Active的比较级是moreactive,一般来说,三个音节或者三个音节
以上的形容词或副词的比较式都是在该次面前加上more,而不是在该词词尾加上“er”“积
极参加”只能说takeanactivepart,不能说takeactivepart。
38,adaptv.使适应;是适合;改编;改写
误:Youhavetoreadnewspaperverydayifyouwanttoadaptyourthinkingwiththenew
situation.
正:Youhavetoreadnewspaperverydayifyouwanttoadaptyourthinkingtothenewsituation.
正:Thebookswereadaptedformiddle-schoolstudents.
正:Thisplayhasbeenadaptedfromanovel.
解释:“使···适合于···”要说“adapt···to··”
39,addv.增加;添加;增添
误:Threeaddedonfourmakesven.
正:Threeaddedtofourmakesven.
正:Iftheteaistoostrong,addsomehotwater.
正:Hedoesnothingbutaddstoourproblems.
解释:add可作及物动词,亦可作不及物动词。但不管怎样,当它做“增加”或“增添”解
时,它后面所用的介词都必须是“to”
v.使沉溺;使醉心
误:Hehasaddictedtoalcohol.
误:Heisaddictedtohavesmoke.
正:Hehasaddictedhimlftoalcohol.
正:Heisaddictedtosmoking.
解释:addict为及物动词,只用于下列两个句型,即addictonelfto和beaddictedto这两
个句型中的to都是介词,后面要跟名词或动词。
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