新视野

Unit1

renot

movingahead,

attituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedto

rearching,oneof

thetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully,theother

beinglabor.

"Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock,”ithasbeen

treatedasifitweresomethingalmost

etit,saveit,wasteit,stealit,killit,cut

it,accountforit;recious

oplehavearatheracutenofthe

esandshaverunoutofa

person’shourglass,

everyminutetocount.

Aforeigner’lytobe

peoplealwaysappeartobehurryingtogetwheretheyare

going,restlesslyekingattentioninastore,

orelbowingothersastheytrytocompletetheir

throughdaytimemealsispartofthepace

gtimeisconsidered

inpubliceating-placesarewaitingforyou

tofinishsothey,too,canbervedandgetbacktowork

ofinddriverswill

lmiss

smiles,briefconversations,andsmallexchangeswith

’becaupeople

valuetimehighly,andtheyrentsomeoneel“wasting”it

beyondacertainappropriatepoint.

ManynewarrivalstotheStateswillmiss

theopeningexchangesofabusinesscall,for

llmiss

theritualinteractionthatgoeswithawelcomingcupoftea

orcoffeethatmaybeaconventionintheirown

ymissleisurelybusinesschatsina

ly,Americansdo

notassstheirvisitorsinsuchrelaxedsurroundingsover

extendedsmalltalk;muchlessdotheytakethemoutfor

dinner,orforaroundonthegolfcourwhiletheydevelopa

egenerallyasss

andprobeprofessionallyratherthansocially,westart

,therefore,

alwaystickinginourinnerear.

Conquently,weworkhardatthetask

uceasteadyflow

oflabor-savingdevices;wecommunicaterapidly

throughfaxes,phonecallsoremailsratherthanthrough

personalcontacts,whichthoughpleasant,takelonger--

,

therefore,savemostpersonalvisitingforafter-workhours

orforsocialweekendgatherings.

Toustheimpersonalityofelectroniccommunicationhas

littleornorelationtothesignificanceofthe

countriesnomajorbusiness

isconductedwithouteyecontact,requiringface-to-face

ica,too,afinalagreementwill

r,peopleare

meetingincreasinglyontelevisionscreens,conducting

“teleconferences”tottleproblemsnotonlyinthis

countrybutalso--bysatellite--internationally.

everyoneusthetelephonetoconductbusiness,tochat

withfriends,tomakeorbreaksocialappointments,tosay

“Thankyou,”toshopandtoobtainallkindsof

onessavethefeetandendlessamounts

duepartlytothefactthatthetelephone

rviceissuperbhere,whereasthepostalrviceisless

efficient.

Somenewarrivalswillcomefromcultureswhereitis

acertain

amountoftimeisallowedtoelap,itemsintheireyes

asifthetaskbeingconsideredwereinsignificant,

mentsare,

conquently,felttobegivenaddedweightbythepassage

.S.,however,itistakenasasign

ofskillfulnessorbeingcompetenttosolveaproblem,

orfulfillajobsuccessfully,y,themore

importantataskis,themorecapital,energy,andattention

willbepouredintoitinorderto“getitmoving.”

Unit2

LearningtheOlympicStandardforLove

NikolaiPetrovichAnikinwasnothalfasintimidatingasIhadimaginedh

,thissurelywasnottheex-Sovietcoachmyfatherhadshipp

edmeoutto

meet.

ButNikolaihewas,tedmeinsideandsatdownon

thecouch,

ssonervousinhisprence.

"Youareyoung,"hebeganinhisRussian-styleEnglish."Ifyouliketotry

forOlympicGames,Olympicst

oosoonforyou,butfor2002

inSaltLakeCity,youcouldbeready."

"Yes,whynot?"herepliedtotheshockedlookonmyface.

Iwasapromising

amateurskier,butbynomeansthetopskierinthecountry."Ofcour,ther

ewillbemanyhardtrainingssions,andyouwillcry,butyouwillimprove.

"

Tobesure,therewerecountlesstrainingssionsfullofpainandmorethan

afewtears,

butinthefiveyearsthatfollowed

IcouldalwayscountonbeingencouragedbyNikolai's

amusingstoriesandnofhumor.

"Myfriends,theygointhemovies,theygointhedance,theygooutwith

girls,"hewouldstart."ButI,"hewouldcontinue,loweringhisvoice,"Iam

practice,practice,practicein

henextyear,Ihadcut1-1/2minutesoffmytimeinth

e

15-kilometerrace!

"Myfriendsaskedme,'Nikolai,howdidyoudoit?'AndIreplied,'Yougo

inthemovies,yougointhedance,yougooutwithgirls,butIampractice,

practice,practice.'"

Herethestoryusuallyended,butononeoccasion,whichwelaterlearned

washis25thweddinganniversary,hestoodproudlyinawornwoolensweat

erandsmiledandwhispered,"AndItellyou,Iam26yearsoldbeforeIever

kissagirl!ShewasthewomanIlatermarry."

Romanticandotherwi,Nikolaiknewlove.

Hisconsistentgoodhumor,quietgratitude,perceptivity,andsinceritytan

OlympicstandardforlovethatIcontinuetoreachfor,eventhoughmyskii

ngdaysareover.

Still,heneverbabiedme.

OneFebruarydayIhadamassiveheadacheandfeltquite

ponhiminaclearing,andafterapproximately15minutes

ofstriding

intothecoldbreezeoverthewhitepowdertocatchhim,Ifusd,"Oh,Nik

olai,IfeellikeIamgoingtodie."

"Whenyouareahundredyearsold,everybodydies,"hesaid,indifferentt

omypain.

"Butnow,"hecontinuedfirmly."Nowmustbeski,ski,ski."And,onskis

,Ididwhathesaid.

Onothermatters,though,Iwasrebellious.

Once,hepacked10ofusintoaFinnishbachelor'stinyhomeforalow-bud

e

thefirstmorningtofindNikolaimakingbreakfastandthenmadequickwor

kwithourspoons

whilesittingonmakeshiftchairsaroundatinycardtable.

Whenwewerefinished,Nikolai

stackedthestickybowlsinfrontofmysolefemaleteammateandme,asrti

ng,"Now,girlsdodishes!"

Ithrewmynapkinonthefloorandsworeathim,

"Askthedamnboys!Thisisunfair."

Heneveraskedthisofmeagain,nordidhetakemuchnoticeofmyoutburs

d

hispassionforskiing.

Whencoaching,hewouldsingouthisinstructionskeepingrhythmwitho

urstride:"Yes,yes,one-two-three,one-two-three."Adearladyfriendofmy

grandfather,afterviewingacopyofavideoofmetrainingwithNikolai,ask

ed,"Doeshealsoteachdance?"

Intraining,IworkedwithoutresttocorrectmistakesthatNikolaipointed

outandIaskedaftereachpassifitwasbetter.

"Yes,it'fasterkneedown,thebetter.""Butisitfastenou

gh?"I'yhewouldfrownandsay,

"Billiontimesyoumakemotion—thenbeperfect,"

remindingmeinanI've-told-you-a-billion-timestone,"Youmustbepatient.

"

Nikolai'spatienceandmyhardworkearnedmeafourth-placenationalranki

ngheading

intothepre-Olympicason,

butthenImisdthecutforthe2002Olympics.

Lastsummer,metea...anddidthedis

hes!Wetalkedwhilesittingonhiscouch.

MissingtheOlympicTeamthepreviousyearhadmademe

pauandreflectonwhatIhadgained—nottheleastofwhichwasaquiet,i

ndissolublebondwithashortmaninatropicalshirt.

Nikolaitaughtmetohavethecourage,heart,anddisciplinetopersist,eve

nifittakesabilliontries.

Hetaughtmetobethankfulinadvanceforacenturyoflifeonearth,andto

remindmylfeverydaythatdespitethechallengesathand,"Nowmustbel

ove,love,love.

Unit3

MarriageAcrosstheNations

ourtwoyears

togetherwehadexperiencedtheusualupsanddownsofa

couplelearningtoknow,understand,andrespecteach

oughitallwehadhonestlyconfrontedthe

weaknessandstrengthsofeachother'scharacters.

Ourracialandculturaldifferencenhancedour

relationshipandtaughtusagreatdealabouttolerance,

compromi,

sometimeswonderedwhyIandotherblackswereso

involvedwiththeracialissue,andIwassurpridthatshe

emedtoforgetthesubtlerformsofracialhatredin

Americansociety.

GailandIhadnoillusionsaboutwhatthefutureheldforus

asamarried,tinualsource

ofourstrengthwasourmutualtrustandrespect.

Wewantedtoavoidthemistakemadebymanycouplesof

marryingforthewrongreasons,andonlyfindingoutten,

twenty,orthirtyyearslaterthattheywereincompatible,

thattheyhardlytookthetimetoknoweachother,thatthey

overlookedriouspersonalityconflictsintheexpectation

thatmarriagewasanautomaticwaytomakeeverything

intwamphasizedbythefactthat

Gail'sparents,afterthirty-fiveyearsofmarriage,were

goingthroughabitterandpainfuldivorce,whichhad

destroyedGailandforatimehadanegativeeffectonour

buddingrelationship.

WhenGailspreadthenewsofourweddingplanstoher

her,Deborah,

allalonghadbeensupportiveofourrelationship,andeven

jokedaboutwhenweweregoingtogetmarriedsoshe

dofcongratulationsupon

hearingournews,DeborahcounledGailtobereallysure

shewasdoingtherightthing.

"Soitwasallrightformetodatehim,butit'swrongforme

olortheproblem,Mom?"Gail

subquentlytoldmeshehadaskedhermother.

"TostartwithImustadmitthatatfirstIharbored

rervationsaboutamixedmarriage,prejudicesyoumight

nImetMarkIfoundhima

herwouldbe

,colorhasnothingto

,enexpressshockat

whatyou'

e,Mark'estworryis

thatyoumaybemarryingMarkforthesamewrongreasons

metIsawhimasmy

beloved,intelligent,charming,llsonew,

allsoexciting,andweboththought,onthesurfaceatleast,

thatourswasanidealmarriagewitheveryindicationthatit

zedonlylaterthatIdidn'tknowmy

beloved,yourfather,verywellwhenwemarried."

"ButMarkandIhavebeentogethermorethantwoyears,"

Gailrailed."We''ve

eneachotheratourworstmanytimes.I'msurethattime

willonlyconfirmwhatwefeeldeeplyabouteachother."

"illthinkthatwaitingwon'thurt.

You'reonlytwenty-five."

Gail'sfather,David,whomIhadnotyetmetpersonally,

approachedourdecisionwithafather-knows-bestattitude.

HebasicallyaskedthesamequestionsasGail'smother:

"Whythehaste?WhoisthisMark?What'shiscitizenship

status?"Andwhenhelearnedofmyproblemswiththe

Citizenshipdepartment,heimmediatelysuspectedthatI

wasmarryinghisdaughterinordertoremainintheUnited

States.

"ButDad,that'sharsh,"Gailsaid.

"Thenwhytherush?Buytime,buytime,"heremarked

repeatedly.

"Markhashadproblemswithcitizenshipbeforeandhas

alwaystakencareofthemhimlf,"Gaildefended."Infact,

hemadeitveryclearwhenwewerediscussingmarriage

thatifIhadanydoubtsaboutanything,Ishouldnot

hesitatetocancelourplans."

Herfatherproceededtoquotestatisticsshowingthatmixed

coupleshadhigherdivorceratesthancouplesofthesame

raceandgaveexamplesofmixedcoupleshehadcounled

whowerehavingmaritaldifficulties.

"Haveyouthoughtaboutthehardshipsyourchildrenwould

gothrough?"heasked.

"Dad,areyouaracist?"

"No,havetoberealistic."

"Maybeourchildrenwillhavesomeproblems,butwho

childrendon't?Butonethingthey'llalwayshave:ourlove

anddevotion."

"That'canbeverycrueltowardchildren

frommixedmarriages."

"Dad,we'

hadtoresolvealldoubtbeforeweacted,verylittlewould

evergetdone."

"Remember,it'snevertoolatetochangeyourmind."

Unti4

ATestofTrueLove

Sixminutestosix,saidthedigitalclockoverthe

andford,atallyoungarm

yofficer,in

uteshewouldethewomanwhohadfilledaspecialplaceinhislifeforthe

pastthirteenmonths,awomanhehadneveren,yetwhowrittenwords

hadbeenwithhimandhadgivenhimstrengthwithoutfail.

Soonafterhevolunteeredformilitaryrvice,hehadreceivedabookfrom

r,whichwishedhimcourageandsafety,camewiththe

overedthatmanyofhisfriends,alsointhearmy,hadreceived

theidenticalbookfromthewoman,letheyallgots

trengthfromit,andappreciatedhersupportoftheircau,JohnBlandford

ayofhisdeparture,

toadestinationoveraswherehewouldfightinthewar,hereceivedherre

thecargoshipthatwastakinghimintoenemyterritory,hestoo

rteenmo

nths,slettersdidnotarrive,shew

roteanyway,thedifficultdaysofwar,herlettersn

ashereceivedlettersfromher,

shorttime,hebelievedheloved

her,siffatehadbroughtthemtogether.

Butwhenheaskedherforaphoto,lained

herobjection:"Ifyourfeelingsformehaveanyreality,anyhonestbasis,wh

atIlooklikewon'eI'mbeautiful.I'dalwaysbebotheredby

thefeelingthatyoulovedmeformybeauty,andthatkindoflovewoulddis

eI''dalwaysfearyouwerewritingtomeonl

way,Iwouldforbid

ucometoNewYorkandyoueme,then

er,bothofusarefreetostoportog

oonafterthat—ifthat'swhatwechoo..."

Oneminutetosix...Blandford'sheartleaped.

Ayoungwomanwascomingtowardhim,andhefeltaconnectionwithhe

urewaslongandthin,herspectaculargoldenhairlayba

swereblueflowers;herlipshadage

ancygreensuitshewaslikespringtimecomealive.

Hestartedtowardher,entirelyforgettingtonoticethatshewasn'twearing

aro,andashemoved,asmall,warmsmileformedonherlips.

"Goingmyway,soldier?"sheasked.

Uncontrollably,sawHollisMeyn

ell.

Shewasstandingalmostdirectlybehindthegirl,awomanwellpastforty,a

ndafossiltohisyoungeyes,mor

ethanfat;worearedroonh

erbrowncoat.

Thegirlinthegreensuitwaswalkingquicklyawayandsoonvanishedintot

ordfeltasthoughhisheartwasbeingcompresdintoasmall

cementball,sostrongwashisdesiretofollowthegirl,yetsodeepwashisl

ongingforthewomanwhospirithadtrulycompanionedandbroughtwar

mthtohisown;e,fatfacewasgentleandintelli

gent;yeyeshadawarm,kindlylook.

Blandfordresistedtheurgetofollowtheyoungerwoman,thoughitwasn

gersheldthebookshehadnttohimbeforehewe

ntofftothewar,uldn

r,itwouldbesomethingprecious,somethingperhapv

enlesscommonthanlove—afriendshipforwhichhehadbeen,andwould

alwaysbe,thebookouttowardthewoman.

"I'mJohnBlandford,andyou—l.I'msogladyoucoul

keyoutodinner?"Thewomansmiled."Idon'tknoww

hatthisisallabout,son,"sheanswered."Thatyoungladyinthegreensuit

—theonewhojustwentby—

shesaidthatifyouaskedmetogooutwithyou,Ishouldtellyouthatshe's

ditwassome

kindofatest."

Unte5

WeepingforMySmokingDaughter)

heisdoingherhomework,herfeetontheb

enchinfrontofherandhercalculatorclickingoutanswerstohergeometry

problems,Iamlookingatthehalf-emptypackageofCamelstosdcarelessl

hemup,takethemintothekitchen,wherethelightis

better,andstudythem--theyarefiltered,t

,Idoweepalittle,standingtherebyth

estoveholdingoneoftheinstruments,sowhite,soprecilyrolled,thatco

uldcaumydaughter'esmoked

MarlborosandPlayersIhardenedmylfagainstfeelingsobad;nobodyIk

newever

smokedthebrands.

Shedoesn'tknowthis,butitwasCamelsthatmyfather,hergrandfather,

orehesmokedcigarettesmadebymanufacturers--whenh

ewasveryyoungandverypoor,withglowingeyes--hesmokedPrinceAlb

berthebright-redtobacc

otin,withapictureof

QueenVictoria'spartner,PrinceAlbert,dresdinablackdresscoatandcar

ryingacane.

Bythelatefortiesandearlyfiftiesnoonerolledhisownanymore(andfe

wwomensmoked)inmyhometownofEatonton,accoind

ustry,coupled

withHollywoodmoviesinwhichbothmaleandfemaleheroessmokedlike

chimneys,

completelywonoverpeoplelikemyfather,whowerehopelesslyhookedby

rlookedasfashionableasPrinceAlbert,though;heconti

nuedtolooklikeapoor,overweight,hardworkingcoloredmanwithtoolar

geafamily,black,withaverywhitecigarettestuckinhismouth.

sitwasunnoticeabl

eatfirst,alittlecoughinginthemorningashelithisfirstcigaretteupongett

imeIwassixteen,mydaughter'sage,hisbreathwasa

wheeze,embarrassingtohear;hecouldnotclimbstairswithoutrestingever

otunusualforhimtocoughforanhour.

Myfatherdiedfrom"thepoorman'sfriend",pneumonia,onehardwinte

rwhenhis

hehadmuchlungleftatall,afterco

ughing

olittlebreaththat,duringhislastyears,hewasa

lways

beredonce,atafamilyreunion,whenmyda

ughterwas

two,thatmyfatherpickedherupforaminute--longenoughformetoph

everyendofhislife,a

ndlargelybecauhehadnomorelungs,edacoup

leofpounds,butbythenhewassoslimthatnoonenoticed.

WhenItraveltoThirdWorldcountriesIemanypeoplelikemyfatheran

d

relargeadvertimentsignsdirectedatthemboth:thetou

gh,confidentorfashionableolderman,thebeautiful,"worldly"youngwom

an,both

epoorcountries,asinAmericaninnercitiesandon

rervations,moneythatshouldbespentforfoodgoesinsteadtothetobacc

ocompanies;overtime,peoplestarvethemlvesofbothfoodandair,effec

tively

weakeningandhookingtheirchildren,

nthe

newspaperandinmygardeningmagazinethattheendsofcigarettesareso

poisonousthatifababyswallowsone,itislikelytodie,andthattheboiled

waterfromabunchofthemmakesaneffectiveincticide.

ysitisafeelingofus

elessness.

IrememberhowcarefullyIatewhenIwaspregnant,howpatientlyItaught

t,Isometimeswonder;so

thatshecanstruggletobreathethroughmostofherlifefeelinghalfherstre

ngth,andthendie

oflf-poisoning,ashergrandfatherdid?

Thereisaquotationfromabatteredwomen'sshelterthatIespeciallylike:

"Peaceonearthbeginsathome."ofaquot

ationforpeopletryingtostopsmoking:"Everyhomeisanosmokingzone.

"Smokingisaformoflf-batteringthatalsobattersthowhomustsitby,

occasionallyjokeorcomplain,zenowthatasac

hildIsatby,throughtheyears,andliterallywatchedmyfatherkillhimlf:s

urelyonesuchvictoryinmyfamily,fortheprosperousleaderswhoownthe

tobaccocompanies,inough.

Uint6a

Forherfirsttwenty-fouryears,she'dbeenknownasDebbie—anamethat

didn'tsuithergoodlooksandelegantmanner.

"MynamehasalwaysmademethinkIshouldbeacook,"shecomplained.

"Ijustdon'tfeellikeaDebbie."

Oneday,whilefillingoutanapplicationformforapublishingjob,the

youngwomanimpulsivelysubstitutedhermiddlename,Lynne,forherfirst

nameDebbie.

"ThatwasthesmartestthingIeverdid,"shesaysnow.

"AssoonasIstoppedcallingmylfDebbie,Ifeltmorecomfortablewith

mylf...andotherpeoplestartedtotakememoreriously."

Twoyearsafterhersuccessfuljobinterview,theformerwaitressisnowa

successfulmagazineeditor.

FriendsandassociatescallherLynne.

Naturally,thenamechangedidn'tcauDebbie/Lynne'sprofessional

achievement—butitsurelyhelpedifonlybyaddingabitoflf-confidence

tohertalents

Socialscientistssaythatwhatyou'recalledcanaffectyourlife.

Throughouthistory,nameshavenotmerelyidentifiedpeoplebutalso

describedthem.

"Ashisnameis,soishe."saystheBible,andWebster'sDictionaryincludes

thefollowingdefinitionofname:"awordorwordxpressingsomequality

consideredcharacteristicordescriptiveofapersonorathing,often

expressingapprovalordisapproval".

Notewell"approvalordisapproval".

Forbetterorwor,qualitiessuchasfriendlinessorrerve,plainnessor

charmmaybesuggestedbyyournameandconveyedtootherpeoplebefore

theyevenmeetyou.

Namesbecomeattachedtospecificimages,asanyonewho'sbeencalled"a

plainJane"or"justanaverageJoe"canshow.

ThelatternameparticularlybothersmesincemynameisJoe,whichsome

thinkmakesmemorequalifiedtobeababallplayerthan,say,anartcritic.

Yet,despitethisdisadvantage,Ididmanagetobecomeanartcriticfora

time.

Evenso,oneprominentmagazineconsistentlyrefudtoprint"Joe"in

myby-line,usingmyfirstinitials,J.S.,instead.

IsuspectthatifIwereamorerefinedArthurorAdrian,thenamewould

haveappearedcomplete.

Ofcour,nameswithapositivencanworkforyouandeven

encouragenewacquaintances.

ArecentsurveyshowedthatAmericanmenthoughtSusantobethemost

attractivefemalename,whilewomenbelievedRichardandDavidwerethe

mostattractiveformen.

OnewomanIknowturneddownablinddatewithamannamedHarry

becau"hesoundeddull".

Severaleveningslater,shecameuptomeataparty,pressingforan

introductiontoaveryimpressiveman;they'dbeenexchangingglancesall

evening.

"Oh,"Isaid."YoumeanHarry."

Shewasillatea.

Thoughmostofuswouldliketothinkourlvesfreefromsuchprejudiced

notions,we'reallguiltyofnamestereotypingtosomeextent.

<28>Confess:Wouldn'tyoubesurpridtomeeta

<29>carpenternamedNigel?A<30>physicistnamedBertha?

A<31>PopeMel?Often,weprojectname-badstereotypes

onpeople,asonewomanfrienddiscoveredwhiletakingchargeofa

<33>nurryschool'sgroupoffour-year-olds.

"ThereIwas,tryingtogetalittleactiveboynamedJuliantositquietlyand

readabook—andpushinga<34>thoughtful

<35>creaturenamedRorytoplayball.

Ihadtheirpersonalitiesconfudbecauoftheirnames!"

Apparently,suchprejudicescanaffectclassroomachievementaswell.

InastudyconductedbyHerbertHarariofSanDiegoStateUniversity,and

JohnMcDavidofGeorgiaStateUniversity,teachersgaveconsistentlylower

gradesonessaysapparentlywrittenbyboysnamedElmerandHubertthan

they<36>awardedtothesamepaperswhenthewriters'nameswere

r,teacherprejudiceisn'ttheonly

sourceofclassroomdifference.

<37>Dr.ndLouisaSeraydarianofTemple

UniversityfoundthogirlswithnamessuchasLinda,Diane,Barbara,

Carol,andCindyperformedbetteron<39>objectively

gradedIQandachievementteststhandidgirlswithless

<40>appealingnames.

(Acompanionstudyshowedgirls'<41>popularitywiththeirpeers

wasalsorelatedtothepopularityoftheirnames―althoughtheconnection

waslessclearforboys.)

Thoughyourparentsprobablymeantyournametolastalifetime,

rememberthatwhentheypickeditthey'dhardlymetyou,andthehopes

anddreamstheyvaluedwhentheychoitmaynotmatchyours.

Ifyournamenolongeremstofityou,don't<42>despair;

youaren'tstuckwiththe<43>label.

Moviestarsregularlychangetheirnames,andwithsomedetermination,you

can,too.

Unit7a

Ifyouoftenfeelangryandoverwhelmed,likethestressinyourlifeis

spinningoutofcontrol,thenyoumaybehurtingyourheart.

Ifyoudon'twanttobreakyourownheart,youneedtolearntotakecharge

ofyourlifewhereyoucan—andrecognizetherearemanythingsbeyond

yourcontrol.

,authorofanewbooktitledFromStressto

Strength:'saclinical

professorofmedicineattheUniversityofNebraska.

Eliotsaystherearepeopleinthisworldthathecalls"hotreactors".

Forthepeople,beingtenmaycautremendousandrapid

increasintheirbloodpressure.

Eliotsaysrearchershavefoundthatstresdpeoplehavehigher

cholesterollevels,amongotherthings.

"We'vedoneyearsofworkinshowingthatexcessalarmorstresschemicals

canliterallyburstheartmusclefibers.

Whenthathappensithappensveryquickly,tes

manyshortcircuits,andthatcauscrazyheartrhythms.

nthat

happens,wecan'tlive."

Eliot,64,sufferedaheartattackatage44.

Heattributessomeofthecautostress.

Foryearshewasa"hotreactor".

Ontheexterior,hewascool,calmandcollected,butontheinterior,stress

'snowdoingverywell.

ThemainpredictorsofdestructivelevelsofstressaretheFUD

factors—fear,uncertaintyanddoubttogetherwithperceivedlackofcontrol,

hesays.

Formanypeople,therootoftheirstressisanger,andthetrickistofindout

wheretheangeriscomingfrom.

"Doestheangercomefromafeelingthateverythingmustbeperfect?"Eliot

asks.

"That'sverycommoninprofessionalwomen.Theyfeeltheyhaveto

beallthingstoallpeopleanddoitallperfectly.

Theythink,'Ishould,Imust,Ihaveto.'Goodenoughisnevergood

enough.

Perfectionistscannotdelegate.

Theygetangrythattheyhavetocarryitall,andtheyblowtheirtops.

Thentheyfeelguiltyandtheystartthewholecycleoveragain."

"Othersareangrybecautheyhavenocompassinlife.

Andtheygivethesameemphasistoatrafficjam>thattheygivea

familyargument,"hesays.

"Ifyouareangryformorethanfiveminutes—ifyoustirtheangerwithin

youandletitbuildwithnosafetyoutlet—youhavetofindoutwhereit's

comingfrom."

"Whathappensisthatthehotterpeopleget,physiologically,withmental

stress,themorelikelytheyaretoblowapartwithsomeheartproblem."

Onesteptocalmingdownistorecognizeyouhavethistendency.

Learntobelesshostilebychangingsomeofyourattitudesandnegative

thinking.

Eliotrecommendstakingchargeofyourlife.

"Ifthereisonewordthatshouldbesubstitutedforstress,it'scontrol.

InsteadoftheFUDfactors,whatyouwantistheNICEfactors—new,

interesting,challengingexperiences."

"Youhavetodecidewhatpartsofyourlifeyoucancontrol,"hesays."Stop

whereyouareonyourtrailandsay,'I'mgoingtogetmycompassoutand

findoutwhatIneedtodo.'"

Hesuggeststhatpeoplewritedownthesixthingsintheirlivesthattheyfeel

arethemostimportantthingsthey'dliketoachieve.

BenFranklindiditatage32.

"Hewrotedownthingslikebeingabetterfather,beingabetterhusband,

beingfinancially>independentbeingstimulatedintellectuallyandremaining

even-tempered—hewasn'tgoodatthat."

Eliotsaysyoucanfirstmakealistof12things,thencutitdownto6andt

yourpriorities.

"Don'tgiveyourlfimpossiblethings,butthingsthatwillaffectyour

identity,controlandlf-worth."

"Putthemonanotecardandtakeitwithyouandlookatitwhenyouneed

to.

Sincewecan'tcreatea26-hourdaywehavetodecidewhatthingswe're

goingtodo."

Keepinmindthatovertimetheprioritiesaregoingtochange.

"Thekidsgrowup,thedogdiesandyouchangeyourpriorities."

FromEliot'sviewpoint,theotherkeytocontrollingstressisto"realizethat

thereareothertroublesomepartsofyourlifeoverwhichyoucanhave

littleornocontrol—liketheeconomyandpoliticians".

Youhavetorealizethatsometimeswiththingsliketrafficjams,deadlines

andunpleasantboss"Youcan''etolearn

howtoflow."

Unit8a

Ithasoftenbeenremarkedthatthesaddestthingaboutyouthisthatit

iswastedontheyoung.

Readingasurveyreportonfirst-yearcollegestudents,Irecalledtheregret,

"IfonlyIknewthenwhatIknownow."

ThesurveyrevealedwhatIhadalreadysuspectedfrom

<2>informal<3>pollsofstudentsbothinMaconandatthe

Robins<4>ResidentCenter:Ifit(whateveritmaybe)won't

<5>computeandyoucan'tdrinkit,smokeitorspendit,then"it"

holdslittlevalue.

Accordingtothesurveybadonresponsfromover188,000students,

today'scollegebeginnersare"more<6>consumeristicandless

idealistic"thanatanytimeinthe17yearsofthepoll.

Notsurprisinginthehardtimes,thestudents'majorobjective"isto

befinanciallywelloff".

Lessimportantthaneverisdevelopingameaningfulphilosophyoflife.

<7>Accordingly,todaythemost<8>popularcouris

notliteratureorhistorybut<9>accounting.

Interestinteaching,socialrviceandthe<10>humanitiesis

atalow,alongwith<11>ethnicandwomen'sstudies.

Ontheotherhand,<13>enrollmentinbusinessprograms,

engineeringandcomputerscienceiswayup.

That'snosurprieither.

Afriendofmine(asalesreprentativeforachemicalcompany)was

makingtwicethesalaryofcollegeinstructorsduringherfirstyearonthe

job—evenbeforeshecompletedhertwo-yearassociatedegree.

"I'lltellthemwhattheycandowiththeirmusic,history,literature,etc.,"she

twasfouryearsago;Itrembletothink

whatshe'arningnow.

Frankly,I'mproudoftheyounglady(notherattitudebuthersuccess).

Butwhycan'twehaveitbothways?Can'tweeducatepeopleforlife

aswellasforacareer?Ibelievewecan.

Ifwecannot,thenthatisaconvictionagainstoureducational

system—kindergarten,<14>elementary,<15>condaryand

higher.

Inatimeofincreasing<16>specialization,morethanever,

weneedtoknowwhatistrulyimportantinlife.

Thisiswhereageand<17>maturityenter.

Mostpeople,somewherebetweentheagesof30and50,finally

arriveattheinevitableconclusionthattheyweremeanttodomorethan

rvea<18>corporation,agovernment<19>agency,or

whatever.

Mostofusfinallyhavetheinsightthatqualityoflifeisnotentirely

determinedbyabalancesheet.

Sure,everyonewantstobefinanciallycomfortable,butwealsowant

tofeelwehaveaperspectiveontheworldbeyondthe<20>confines

ofour<21>occupation;wewanttobeableto<22>render

rvicetoourfellowmenandtoourGod.

Ifitisafactthatthemeaningoflifedoesnotdawnuntilmiddleage,

isitthennotthedutyofeducational<23>institutionsto

preparethewayforthat<24>revelation?Mostpeople,in

theiryouth,renttheSocialSecurity<25>deductionsfromtheir

pay,yetaeminglyfewshortyearslaterfindthemlvesstandinganxiously

bythemailbox.

Whileit'strueallofusneedacareer,<27>preferablyaprosperous

one,itiquallytruethatour<28>civilizationhascollected

an<29>incredibleamountofknowledgeinfieldsfarremovedfrom

ourown.

Andwearebetterforourunderstandingoftheother

<30>contributions—betheyscientificor<31>artistic.

Itiquallytruethat,instudyingthe<32>diver

<33>wisdomofothers,welearnhowtothink.

Moreimportantly,perhaps,educationteachesustoethe

connectionsbetweenthings,aswellastoebeyondourimmediateneeds.

Weeklywereadof<34>unionsthatwentonstrikeforhigher

wages,onlytodrivetheiremployeroutofbusiness.

Nocompany,nojob.

How<35>short-sightedinthelongrun.

Butthemostimportantargumentforabroadeducationisthatin

studyingthe<36>accumulatedwisdomoftheages,weimproveour

moraln.

Isawacartoonrecentlywhich<37>depictsagroupof

businessmenlooking<38>puzzledastheysitaroundaconference

table;

oneofthemistalkingonthe<39>intercom:"MissBaxter,"hesays,

"couldyoupleandinsomeonewhocan<40>distinguishright

fromwrong?"

Inthelongrunthat'swhateducationreallyoughttobeabout.

Ithinkitcanbe.

Mycollege<41>roommate,nowheadofalargeshippingcompany

inNewYork,notsurprisinglywasabusinessmajor.

Buthealsohosteda<42>classicalmusicshowonthecollege's

<43>FMstationandlistenedtoWagnerashestudiedhis

accounting.

That'sthewayitshouldbe.

OscarWildehaditrightwhenhesaidweoughttogiveourabilityto

ourworkbutourgeniustoourlives.

Let'shopeoureducatorsanswerstudents'criesforcareereducation,

butatthesametimelet'nsurethatstudentsarepreparedforthedaywhen

theyrealizetheirshort-sightedness.

There'salotmoretolifethanajob.

第八单元

Ithasoftenbeenremarkedthatthesaddestthingabout

youthisthatitiswastedontheyoung.

Readingasurveyreportonfirst-yearcollegestudents,I

recalledtheregret,"IfonlyIknewthenwhatIknownow."

ThesurveyrevealedwhatIhadalreadysuspectedfrom

informalpollsofstudentsbothinMaconandattheRobins

ResidentCenter:ifit(whateveritmaybe)won'tcompute

andyoucan'tdrinkit,smokeitorspendit,then"it"holds

littlevalue.

Accordingtothesurveybadonresponsfromover

188,000students,today'scollegebeginnersare"more

consumeristicandlessidealistic"thanatanytimeinthe

venteenyearsofthepoll.

Notsurprisinginthehardtimes,thestudents'major

objective"portantthan

everisdevelopingameaningfulphilosophyoflife."

Accordingly,todaythemostpopularcourisnotliterature

orhistorybutaccounting.

Interestinteaching,socialrviceandthehumanitiesisat

alow,alongwithethnicandwomen'ther

hand,enrollmentinbusinessprograms,engineeringand

computerscienceiswayup.

That'dofmine(asales

reprentativeforachemicalcompany)wasmakingtwice

thesalaryofcollegeinstructorsduringherfirstyearonthe

job—evenbeforeshecompletedhertwo-yearassociate

degree.

"I'lltellthemwhattheycandowiththeir(music,history,

literature,etc.),"twasfour

yearsago;Itrembletothinkwhatshe'arningnow.

Frankly,I'mproudoftheyounglady(notherattitudebut

hersuccess).Butwhycan'twehaveitbothways?Can'twe

educatepeopleforlifeaswellasforacareer?Ibelievewe

can.

Ifwecannot,thenthatisaconvictionagainstour

educationalsystem—kindergarten,elementary,condary

eofincreasingspecialization,atime

when90percentofallthescientistswhohaveeverlivedare

currentlyalive,morethanever,weneedtoknowwhatis

trulyimportantinlife.

ople,

somewherebetweentheagesof30and50,finallyarriveat

theinevitableconclusionthattheyweremeanttodomore

thanrveacorporation,agovernmentagency,or

whatever.

Mostofusfinallyhavetheinsightthatqualityoflifeisnot

,everyone

wantstobefinanciallycomfortable,butwealsowanttofeel

wehaveaperspectiveontheworldbeyondtheconfinesof

ouroccupation;wewanttobeabletorenderrvicetoour

fellowmanandtoourGod.

Ifitisafactthatthemeaningoflifedoesnotdawnuntil

middleage,isitthennotthedutyofeducationalinstitutions

topreparethewayforthatrevelation?Mostpeople,intheir

youth,renttheSocialSecuritydeductionsfromtheirpay,

yetaeminglyfewshortyearslaterfindthemlves

standinganxiouslybythemailbox.

Whileit'strueallofusneedacareer,preferablya

prosperousone,itiquallytruethatourcivilizationhas

collectedanincredibleamountofknowledgeinfieldsfar

rebetterforour

understandingoftheothercontributions—bethey

uallytruethat,instudyingthe

diverwisdomofothers,

importantly,perhaps,educationteachesustoethe

connectionsbetweenthings,aswellastoebeyondour

immediateneeds.

Weeklywereadofunionsthatwentonstrikeforhigher

wages,

company,rtsightedinthelongrun.

Butthemostimportantargumentforabroadeducationis

thatinstudyingtheaccumulatedwisdomoftheages,we

artoonrecentlywhich

depictsagroupofbusinessmenlookingpuzzledastheysit

aroundaconferencetable;oneofthemistalkingonthe

intercom:"MissBaxter,"hesays,"couldyoupleandin

someonewhocandistinguishrightfromwrong?"

Inthelongrunthat'swhateducationreallyoughttobe

egeroommate,nowheadof

alargeshippingcompanyinNewYork,notsurprisinglywas

lsohostedaclassicalmusicshow

onthecollege'sFMstationandlistenedtoWagnerashe

studiedhisaccounting.

That'ildehaditrightwhenhe

saidweoughttogiveourabilitytoourworkbutourgenius

toourlives.

Let'shopeoureducatorsanswerstudents'criesforcareer

education,butatthesametimelet'nsurethatstudents

arepreparedforthedaywhentheyrealizetheir

'salotmoretolifethanajob

第九单元

“Getyourlfupandmakesomethingofyourlf,buddy,!”thoughshe

haspasdaway,mymotheriswordsareasclearinmyheadtodayasIwas

aboy.

Shemayhavebadmyinterestsatheart,butformmystandpointatthe

time,herlessthantenderapproachtoparentingwastheequivalentof

bambootorturetreatment.

Christ,Iutter,itledtosleeplate

Ifthere`sonethingIcan`tstand,it`saquitterhervoiceinmyheadis

lmylfformbed.

erdidn`thaveany

threebabiestocareforandlotsofbillsto

insanegrandmotherwhowasdyinghadtobeinstitutinonalizedandweall

ntuallyfoundworkasa

groceratasupermarketattendollarsaweek.

Mother,althoughhopefulthatIwouldmakemillions,neverdeceived

hepushedmetowardworking

withwordsformanearlyage.

tspectacularproofwasmymother`sfirst

cousinEdwin,hewasmymanagingeditorofthenewyorktimesandhad

en

udEdwinasanexampleofhowfaranambitiousmancouldgetwithout

muchtalent

Edwinjameswassosmarterthananybodyelthoughalittlefasterasa

ersaid,andsaid,andsaid.

Herearlyidentificationofmyowngiftforwordsgaveherpurpoand

lelifestartedtorevolvearoundhelpingmeto

nedusupforatofbooks

karriverbymaileachmonth

forjust39cents.

WhatIreadwithjoy,dupeveryword

ccidentandterribleactscommittedagainst

peopleinfarawaywarsandtherefugeeswhohadtoescapeformtheirhome

tsofpolicecorruptionandmurderersdyingintheelectric

fascinatedme.

In1947IgraduatedformjohnsHopkinsandappliedforajobwiththe

Baltimoresunasapolicereporter,whytheypickedmewasamystery,it

paid＄omplainedthewagewashumiliatingforlearned

man,motherrefudtosympathize.

dmaybeyoucanmakesomethingofit

atsatvarious

signedbythe

ingformtheovalofficewasascloto

dforwardtoeingthedelighton

mymother`eringtheonwardandupward

dhaveknownbetter,

,htbe

abletomakesomethingofyourlf

Herweakpraididn`erwhatI

omplishmentofmineonlyemedmarginedinhereyes‘this

ldnevercongratulatemeormakeany

asalwayssomething

negativetobesaidevenwhenIsucceeded

alwayskeento

dertheyfall

UncleEdwin`ssuccesswasasincerenuisanceduringmyearlyyearsasa

etobehiredbythetimesthus

provingmyworthtomymotheronceandforall.

be

offeredoneofthemostprizedassignmentsforwhichareportercould

aropinionpieceinthenewyorktimes

Itwasproofthatmymother`sschemetopushmetowardliteraturefroman

earlyagehadbeenabsolutetyright

In1979Ireachedthesummitofmyprofessionalcareerwinningamajor

thePulitzerprize/er`sbrainand

erknewofmyPulitzer

Icanprobablyguesshowshe``tshows

`llbeabletomakesomethingofyourlfoneofthe

days。