less

每天⼀个Linux命令（13）less命令

less命令的作⽤与more⼗分相似，都可以⽤来浏览⽂字档案的内容，不同的是less命令允许⽤户向前或向后浏览⽂

件，⽽more命令只能向前浏览。

⽤less命令显⽰⽂件时，⽤PageUp键向上翻页，⽤PageDown键向下翻页。要退出less程序，应按Q键。

(1)⽤法:

⽤法:less[选项参数][⽂件参数]

(2)功能:

功能:less与more命令类似，但可以通过翻页键查看上下页的内容

(3)选项参数:

1)-e:⽂件内容显⽰完毕后，⾃动退出

2)-f:强制显⽰⽂件

3)-g:不加亮显⽰搜索到的所有关键词，仅显⽰当前显⽰的关键字，以提⾼显⽰速度

4)-l:搜索时忽略⼤⼩写的差异

5)-N:每⼀⾏⾏⾸显⽰⾏号

6)-s:将连续多个空⾏压缩成⼀⾏显⽰

7)-S:在单⾏显⽰较长的内容，⽽不换⾏显⽰

8)-x<数字>:将TAB字符显⽰为指定个数的空格字符。

(4)实例:

1)[root@localhostDocuments]#lessless_text在另⼀个进程页⾯中显⽰⽂本内容，按q键退出

[root@localhostDocuments]#mvmore_text1less_text//将more_text1改名为less_text

[root@localhostDocuments]#ll

总⽤量4

-rw-r--r--.1rootroot6645⽉907:59less_text

[root@localhostDocuments]#catless_text//在当前终端中显⽰(和less命令显⽰的效果还是有差别的)

[root@localhostDocuments]#lessless_text//在另⼀个页⾯中显⽰⽂本

IamstudingordersofLinux!

Iamtryingtowriteasmanyaslinesoftext!

Nomatterhowlowyouconsideryourlf,

thereisalwayssomeonelookingbehindyou,

hopingthattheywerethathigh!

Somethingyouwantkeepallthetime,alwaysyouwilllo!

Neverforgettosay"thanks"!

Hppaytoday,also,preparedforhappinessinthefuture!

Don'taimyoursuccessifyouwantit,justdowhatyouloveandbelieveandfinallyyouwillsuccess!

Maybeyoucanbelazemanlikeapig,butyoucan'tfeelfreeasit!

Iamacollegeschoolstudent!

Iamplanningtoliveandworkinhangzhouorguangzhou!

Iamfromhefeianhui!

Enough,Ihavewritetoomanywords!

(END)

2)[root@localhostDocuments]#ps-ef|less显⽰已有进程信息

IDPIDPPIDCSTIMETTYTIMECMD

root10000:16?00:00:10/usr/lib/systemd/systemd--switched-root--system--derialize24

root20000:16?00:00:00[kthreadd]

root32000:16?00:00:03[ksoftirqd/0]

root52000:16?00:00:00[kworker/0:0H]

root72000:16?00:00:00[migration/0]

root82000:16?00:00:00[rcu_bh]

root92000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/0]

root102000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/1]

root112000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/2]

root122000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/3]

root132000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/4]

root142000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/5]

root152000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/6]

root162000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/7]

root172000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/8]

root182000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/9]

root192000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/10]

root202000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/11]

root212000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/12]

root222000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/13]

root232000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/14]

root242000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/15]

root252000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/16]

root262000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/17]

root272000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/18]

root282000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/19]

root292000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/20]

root302000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/21]

root312000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/22]

root322000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/23]

root332000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/24]

root342000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/25]

root352000:16?00:00:00[rcuob/26]

:

.......//还有很多没有显⽰

3)[root@localhostDocuments]#history|less显⽰历史输⼊的进程信息

1touchtouch_test/home/sunjimeng/Document

2cd/home/sunjimeng/Document

3ll

4cd/

5touchtouch_text/home/sunjimeng/Document/touch_test

6cd/home/sunjimeng/Document

7ll

8rmtouch_test

9cd/

10ls-l/home/sunjimeng/Document

11touch/home/sunjimeng/Document/touch_test_file

12cdhome/sunjimeng/Document

13ll

14touchtouch_test_file

15ll

16touch-t06061806touch_test_file

17ll

18touchtouch_test_file

19ll

20touch-t06061806touch_test_file

21ll

22touchtouch_test_file2

23ll

24touch-rtouch_testfiletouch_test_tile2

25touch-rtouch_test_filetouch_test_file2

26ll

27touch-d"10dayago"touch_test_file2

28ll

29touch-rtouch_test_filetouch_test_file2

30ll

31touch-d"10daysago"touch_test_file2

32ll

33touch"10daysago"touch_test_file

34ll

:

4)[root@localhostDocuments]#lessless1less2查看多个⽂件（怎么切换下⼀个还不清楚）

root@localhostDocuments]#cat>less1<

>LostmeansGet!

>

>NolosingNogetting!

>

>End!

>EOF

[root@localhostDocuments]#cat>less2<

>Ifyouwantkeep,youalwayslo!

>

>CertainlyItis!

>End!

>EOF

[root@localhostDocuments]#ll

总⽤量12

-rw-r--r--.1rootroot455⽉908:15less1

-rw-r--r--.1rootroot575⽉908:16less2

-rw-r--r--.1rootroot6645⽉907:59less_text

[root@localhostDocuments]#lessless1less2

LostmeansGet!

NolosingNogetting!

End!

less1(file1of2)(END)-Next:less2

5)[sunjimeng@localhost~]$netstat-tpnl|less在另⼀个进程页⾯中分页显⽰信息，这⾥显⽰的是⽹络信息

[sunjimeng@localhost~]$netstat-tpnl|less

(Notallprocesscouldbeidentified,non-ownedprocessinfo

willnotbeshown,youwouldhavetoberoottoeitall.)

ActiveInternetconnections(onlyrvers)

ProtoRecv-QSend-QLocalAddressForeignAddressStatePID/Programname

tcp000.0.0.0:220.0.0.0:*LISTEN-

tcp00127.0.0.1:6310.0.0.0:*LISTEN-

tcp00127.0.0.1:250.0.0.0:*LISTEN-

tcp600:::22:::*LISTEN-

tcp600::1:631:::*LISTEN-

tcp600::1:25:::*LISTEN-

(5)其他:

1.全屏导航

ctrl+F-向前移动⼀屏

ctrl+B-向后移动⼀屏

ctrl+D-向前移动半屏

ctrl+U-向后移动半屏

2.单⾏导航

j-向前移动⼀⾏

k-向后移动⼀⾏

3.其它导航

G-移动到最后⼀⾏

g-移动到第⼀⾏

q/ZZ-退出less命令

4.其它有⽤的命令

v-使⽤配置的编辑器编辑当前⽂件

h-显⽰less的帮助⽂档

&pattern-仅显⽰匹配模式的⾏，⽽不是整个⽂件

5.标记导航

当使⽤less查看⼤⽂件时，可以在任何⼀个位置作标记，可以通过命令导航到标有特定标记的⽂本位置：

ma-使⽤a标记⽂本的当前位置

'a-导航到标记a处