2018年12月英语四级答案

试题资料——可以编辑

2018年12月英语四级真题及答案第三套

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesof

uldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)

特别说明：由于四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，故不再重

复给出。

PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthisction,requiredtolectoneword

foepassagethrough

mark

thecorrespondin

maynotuanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Afewmonthsago,erhow

manydifferent26Itried,Istillcouldn’ydidit27myteaching

edayafterclass,astudentcameuptomeand28

rdescription,Chinemedicinesoundedasifithadmagicpower

ally,

mycoughgotsomuch30thatIcouldn’tsleepatnight,ne

doctortookmypulandaskedtoemytongue,bothofwhichwerenew31tomebecautheyareboth

edoctorgavemeascraping(刮)treatmentknownas‘GuaSha’.

Iwasalittle32atfirstbecauheudasmoothedgedtooltoscrapetheskinonmyneckandshoulders.

Afewminuteslater,the33strokesstartedtoproducearelievingeffectandmybodyandmindbegan

’tfeelanyimprovementinmyconditioninthefirstcoupleof

days,butafterafewmoreregularvisitstothedoctor,,withina

matterofweeks,itwascompletelygone!

A)deepenI)remedies

B)experiencesJ)scared

C)hesitantK)nsitive

D)

inconvenienceL)sink

E)lesnM)temporary

F)licensN)tremble

G)pressuredO)wor

H)recommended

SectionB

Directions:Inthisction,

fytheparagraphfromwhichthe

ragraphismarkedwithaletter.

AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

IsitreallyOKtoeatfoodthat’sfallenonthefloor?

A)Whenyoudropapieceoffoodonthefloor,isitreallyOKtoeatifyoupickitupwithinfive

conds?Anurbanfoodmythcontendsthatiffoodspendsjustafewcondsonthefloor,dirtandgerms

won’chinmylabhasfocudonhowfoodbecomes

contaminated,andwe’vedonesomeworkonthisparticularpieceofwisdom.

B)Whilethe“five-condrule”mightnotemlikethemostpressingissueforfoodscientiststo

get

tothebottomof,it’sstillworthinvestigatingfoodmythslikethisonebecautheyshapeourbeliefs

aboutwhenfoodissafetoeat.

C)Soisfivecondsonthefloorthecriticalthreshold(门槛)thatparatesapieceofeatablefood

fromacaoffoodpoisoning?It’ndsonjusthowmanybacteria

canmakeitfromfloortofoodinafewcondsandjusthowdirtytheflooris.

D)WonderingiffoodisstillOKtoeatafterit’sdroppedonthefloorisaprettycommonexperience.

Andit’-known,butinaccurate,storyaboutJuliaChildmayhave

ewersofhercookingshow,TheFrenchChef,insisttheysawChild

droplambonthefloorandpickitup,withtheadvicethatiftheywerealoneinthekitchen,their

guestswouldneverknow.

E)Infactitwasapotatopancake,anditfellonthestovetop,utitback

inthepan,saying,“Butyoucanalwayspickitupandifyou’realoneinthekitchen,who’sgoing

toeit?”’shardertopindowntheoriginsoftheoft-quoted

five-condrule,buta2003studyreportedthat70%ofwomenand56%ofmensurveyedwerefamiliar

withthefive-condruleandthatwomenweremorelikelythanmentoeatfoodthathaddroppedonthe

floor.

试题资料——可以编辑

F)Sowhatdoessciencetellusaboutwhatafewmomentsonthefloormeansforthesafetyofyour

food?Theearliestrearchreportonthefive-condruleisattributedtoJillianClarke,ahighschool

andhercolleagues

introducedbacteriatofloortiles(瓷砖)andthenplacedcookiesonthetilesforvarying

portedbacteriaweretransferredfromthetilestothecookieswithinfiveconds,but

didn’treportthespecificamountofbacteriathatmadeitfromthetilestothefood

G)Buthowmanybacteriaactuallytransferinfiveconds?In2007,mylabatClemsonUniversity

edtoknowifthelengthoftimefood

isincontactwitha

findout,weintroducedbacteriatosquaresoftile,nutesafterthat,weplaced

eitherbaconorbreadonthesurfacefor5,30or60conds,andthenmeasuredthenumberofbacteria

atedthixactprocedureafterthebacteriahadbeenonthesurface

for2,4,8and24hours.

H)Wefoundthatthenumberofbacteriatransferredtoeitherkindoffooddidn’tdependmuchonhow

longthefoodwasincontactwiththecontaminatedsurface–whetherforafewcondsorforawhole

rallnumberofbacteriaonthesurfacematteredmore,andthisdecreadovertimeafter

slikewhat’satissueislesshowlongyourfoodstaysonthefloor

andmuchmorehowcontaminatedwithbacteriathatpatchoffloorhappenstobe.

I)s,forinstance,emto

arpetwascontaminated,less

than1%nthefoodwasincontactwithtileorwood,48-70%

ofbacteriawere.

J)Lastyear,astudyfromAstonUniversityintheUKudnearlyidenticalparameters(参数)toour

soreportedthat87%ofpeopleaskedeitherwouldeatorhad

eatenfoodfallenonthefloor.

K)Shouldyoueatfoodfallenonthefloorthen?Fromafoodsafetystandpoint,ifyouhavemillions

ormorebacteriaonasurface,0.1%,certaintypesofbacteria

areextremelyharmful,mple,10bacteriaor

lessofanespeciallydeadlystrainofbacteriacancauvereillnessanddeathinpeoplewith

chanceofthebacteriabeingonmostsurfacesisverylow.

L)Andit’snia

arecarriedbyvarious‘media’,whichcanincluderawfood,moistsurfaceswherebacteriahavebeen

left,ourhandsorskinandfromcoughingorsneezing(打喷嚏).Hands,foodsandutensils(器皿)

cancarryindiicroscopic

layersofdepositscontainingbacteriaareknownasbiofilmsandtheyarefoundonmostsurfacesand

iain

thecommunitiesalsohaveanenhancedresistancetosanitizers(清洁剂)

andantibioticscomparedtobacterialivingontheirown.

M)Sothenexttimeyouconsidereatingfallenfood,theoddsareinyourfavorthatyoucaneatit

herarechancethatthereisamicro-organismthatcanmakeyousickon

theexactspotwherethefooddropped,youcanbefairlysurethatthebugisonthefoodyouareabout

toputinyourmouth.

N)Rearchorcommonntellsusthatthebestthingtodoiskeepyourhands,utensilsandother

surfacesclean.

rchprojectfoundbacteriamadetheirwaytothefoodonthefloorinfiveconds.

rfoodiscontaminateddependsmuchonthenumberofbacteriathatgetontoit.

ntaminationmayresultfromvariousfactorsotherthanfooddroppingonthefloor.

relesslikelythanfemalestocatfoodthatmayhavebeencontaminated.

hor’srearchcentersaroundhowfoodgetscontaminated.

geverythingcleanisthebestwaytostayhealthy.

sareyouwillnotfallsickbecauofeatingfoodpickedupfromthefloor.

ngtimepeoplehavehadtheexperienceofdecidingwhetherornottoeatfoodpickedup

fromthefloor.

rainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconquences.

chersfoundhowmanybacteriagotontothefooddidnothavemuchtodowithhowlongthe

foodstayedonacontaminatedfloor.

SectionC

Directions:ssageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinished

hofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthe

bestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

试题资料——可以编辑

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Thelatestincatrearchrevealsthatthelovelyanimalemstohaveabasicgrasponboththelaws

ofphysicsandtheinsandoutsofcaandeffect.

Accordingtoanewlypublishedstudy,catsemtobeabletopredictthelocationofhidingprey(猎

物)usingboththeirearsandaninborn(天生的)understandingofhowthephysicalworldworks.

Inarecentexperiment,Japanerearcherstaped30domesticcatsreactingtoacontainerthatateam

ntainersrattled(发出响声);econtainerwastippedover,

sometimesanobjectfelloutandsometimesitdidn’t.

Itturnsoutthatthecatswereremarkablysmartaboutwhatwouldhappenwhenacontainerwastipped

objectdidnotdropoutofthebottomofarattlingcontainer,theylookedatitfora

longertimethantheydidwhenthecontainerbehavedaxpected.

“Catsuacausal-logicalunderstandingofnoiorsoundstopredicttheappearanceofinvisible

objects,”earchersconcludethatcats’

huntingstylemayhavedevelopedbadontheircommon-nabilitiestoinferwherepreyis,using

theirhearing.

Scientistshaveexploredthisideawithotherendearingcreatures:ts,babiesappear

toengageinwhat’scalled“preferentiallooking”–lookinglongeratthingsthatareinteresting

orunusualthanthingstheyperceiveasnormal.

Whenbabies’expectationsareviolatedinexperimentsliketheonesperformedwiththecats,theyreact

logistshaveshownthatbabiesapparentlyexpecttheirworldto

complywiththelawsofphysicsandcauandeffectaarlyastwomonthsofage.

Doesthestudymeanthatcatswillsoongrasptheinsandoutsofcauandeffect?,so

catsmaynotbethenextphysicsfacultymembersatAmerica’smostimportantrearchuniversities.

Butbydemonstratingtheircommonn,they’veshownthatthedividebetweencatsandhumansmay

notbethatgreatafterall.

welearnfromanewlypublishedstudyaboutcats?

A)Theycanbetrainedtounderstandthephysicalworld.

B)Theyknowwhatkindofpreymightbeeasiertohunt.

C)Theyhaveanaturalabilitytolocateanimalstheyhunt.

D)Theyarecapableoftellingwhichwaytheirpreyflees.

yaccountforthecats’respontothenoifromthecontainers?

A)Theirinbornnsitivitytonoi.C)Theirspecialabilitytoperceive.

B)Theirunusualnofdirection.D)Theirmasteryofcauandeffect.

characteristicofthewaycatshunt,accordingtotheJapanerearchers?

A)Theydependontheirinstincts.C)Theywaitsometimebeforeattack.

B)Theyrelymainlyontheirhearing.D)Theyuboththeirearsandeyes.

waydobabiesbehavelikecats?

A)Theyfocusonwhatappearsodd.C)Theydowhattheyprefertodo.

B)Theyviewtheworldasnormal.D)Theyarecuriousabouteverything.

nweconcludeaboutcatsfromthepassage?

A)Theyhavehigherintelligencethanmanyotheranimals.

B)Theyinteractwiththephysicalworldmuchlikehumans.

C)Theydisplayextraordinarilyhighintelligenceinhunting.

D)Theycanaidphysicsprofessorsintheirrearchwork.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Imagineyouenteracarwithnosteeringwheel,nobrakeoracceleratorpedals(踏板).Undera

voice-activatedcommand,yousayanaddress.“I

takeit?”Yousay“yes”

youhavetodoissitbackandrelax.

Howweirdwoulditbeif,onedayinthefuture,everyonehadsuchacar?Nocrazydriving,noinsults,

nocuttingin;therhand,imaginethe

costsavingsforlocalpoliceenforcementandtownbudgetswithoutallthospeedingandparkingtickets.

试题资料——可以编辑

’snoquestionthat

entialforsafercarsmeansaccident

statisticswoulddrop:some94%riversand

iningsafespeeds

andbeingelectric,lf-drivingcarswoulddrasticallyreducepollutionlevelsanddependencyon

ouldbequieter,peoplesafer.

Butwemustalsoconsidertheimpactofthenewtechnologyonthowhonowdependondrivingfortheir

mentofLabor,inMay2015therewere505,560registeredschool

ricanTruckingAssociationlistsapproximately3.5millionprofessionaltruck

driversintheU.S.

Thecompaniesdevelopinglf-drivingvehiclesshouldbepartneringwithstateandfederalauthorities

toofferretrainingforthismassiveworkforce,manyofwhomwillbedisplacedbythenewtechnology.

Thisissimilartowhat’shappeninginthecoalandoilindustries,asituationthatfuelsmuchof

thecurrentpoliticaldiscontentinthiscountry.

Newtechnologieswill,andshould,r,progress

can’cessaryforthecompaniesandstateagenciesinvolvedtoconsidertheethical

conquencesofthepotentialchangestobuildabetterfutureforall.

uldbetheimpactoftheextensiveuofdriverlesscars?

A)Peoplewouldbedrivinginamorecivilizedway.

B)Itwouldsavelocalgovernmentsalotofmoney

C)Morepolicemenwouldbepatrollingthestreets.

D)Trafficregulationswouldbeathingofthepast.

ldtheelderlyandthedisabledbenefitfromdriverlesscars?

A)Theycouldenjoygreatermobility.C)Theywouldhavenotroubledriving.

B)Theywouldsuffernoroadaccidents.D)Theycouldgoanywheretheywant.

uldbethenegativeimpactofdriverlesscars?

A)Theconflictbetweenlaborandmanagementwouldintensify.

B)Thegapbetweenvariousctorsofsocietywouldbewidened.

C)Professionaldriverswouldhaveahardtimeadaptingtonewroadconditions.

D)Numerousprofessionaldriverswouldhavetofindnewwaysofearningaliving.

theresultoftheintroductionofnewtechnologiesinenergyindustries?

A)Politicaldissatisfaction.C)Fossilfuelconrvation.

B)Retrainingofemployees.D)Businessrestructuring.

estheauthorsuggestbusinessandthegovernmentdo?

A)Keeppacewithtechnologicaldevelopments.

B)Makenewtechnologiesaffordabletoeveryone.

C)Enableeveryonetobenefitfromnewtechnologies.

D)Popularizetheuofnewtechnologiesanddevices.

PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineintoEnglish.

YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。随着移动互联网的出现，手机购物逐渐成为

一种趋势。18到30岁的年轻人构成了移动支付市场的最大群体。由于现在用手机付款很容易，许多消费者在

购物时宁愿用手机付款，而不愿用现金或信用卡。为了鼓励人们多消费，许多商店给使用移动支付的顾客打折。

专家预测，中国移动支付市场未来仍有很大发展潜力。

2018年12月大学英语四级参考答案

PartIWriting(30minutes)

【范文】

Onthechallengesofstartingacareeraftergraduation

Owingtotheincreasinglyfiercecompetitioninthejobmarketandthechangeofemploymentconcept,

agrowinggroupofgraduateschootostartabusinessoncetheyearntheirdiplomas.

It’videnttoallthatthegovernmentencouragesthegraduatestodothelf-employmentandoffers

somepoliciesorconveniencestothem,r,

consideringtheactualoperationofacompany,suchsupportisfarfromenough,becaustartingacareer,

试题资料——可以编辑

especiallyfornewgraduates,y,themain

oneconfrontingbuddingentrepreneursisadearthofpracticalbusinessmodelsandamorerealistic

understandingofthemarket,whichisthereasonwhythemajorityofthemfailwithinthefirsttwo

ly,alackoffundshaslongbeenoneofthebiggestobstaclesforthedevelopmentofsuch

rmore,theentrepreneurshavenoguaranteedwagesduringthestart-upphathat

y,asgreenhandsintheir

industries,it’smorechallengingforthemtofindbusinesspartners,investorsandsuppliers,which

maydepressthem.

Anyway,thowhochootostartacareeraftergraduationareboundtoencountermoredifficulties

ore,itisntialforthemtomakeadequatepreparationsinmindandin

ile,moresupportfromthegovernmentandthewholesocietyshouldalsobegiventohelp

theyoungentrepreneurs.

PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)

特别说明：由于四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，故不再重

复给出。

PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

【参考答案】IDHCOEJMLE

SectionB

【参考答案】FCLEANMDKH

SectionC

【参考答案】CDBABAADBC

PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)

【译文】

Overthepastfewyears,eadventofthe

eopleagedbetween18and30constitute

rediblyconvenientmobilepaymenthasledmany

conoresoffer

discouspredict

thatChina’smobilepaymentmarketstillpromisanenormouspotentialgoingforward/downtheroad/down

theline.