the living proof

A.

【2018年全国卷Ⅰ】Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightof

somethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutof

’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergy

thantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.

Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstitute

ofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenits

thodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyuhas

pcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-

3players,smartphones,andLCDTVs

enteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.

Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionis

replacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehou,”saidone

ragenu’renot

justkeepingtheolddevices—ingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktop

monitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributionto

greenhougamissions（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.

Sowhat'sthesolution（解决方案）?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttherearchersalsoexploredwhat

wouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatrvemorethanonefunction,suchasa

undthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinstead

ofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.

estheauthorthinkofnewdevices?

enobetterthantheold.

outofstylequickly.

Babbitt'steamconducttherearch?

cethecostofminerals.

thelifecycleofaproduct.

精选大题

阅读理解说明文

大题精做四

teconsumersonnewtechnology.

outelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.

fthefollowingustheleastenergy?

let.

ktopcomputer.

esthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?

emapart.

ethem.

B

【

2018

年天津卷】

There’sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat’sbeginningtocomeintofocus:

developmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cook,industryisn’t

stoppingthere.

Foodproduction

Witha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationona

rybodycandothat—ittakesyearsofexperience,urantin

SpainusaFoodinito“re-createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame”,freeingcookstocomplete

herrestaurant,allofthedishesanddesrtsitrvesare3D-printed,ratherthanfarmtotable.

Sustainability(

可持续性）

Theglobalpopulationixpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalyststimatethatfoodproduction

nabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprinting

pertsbelieveprinterscoulduhydrocolloids(

水解胶体

)from

plentifulrenewableslikealgae(

藻类

)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(

烹饪原料

).3Dprintingcanreduce

ystoresofthefuturemightstock"food"thatlastsyearsonend,freeingupshelfspace

andreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.

Nutrition

son,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,

said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,ead

ofeatingapieceofyesterday’sbreadfromthesupermarket,you’deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”

Challenges

Despiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,tly,most

ingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste(

糊状物

)beforeaprintercanuthem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-

consuming,fthat,mostofthe3Dfood

printersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,pertsare

skepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-end

restaurants.

nefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction?

scookstocreatenewdishes.

stimeandeffortincooking.

ovesthecookingconditions.

ributestorestaurantdecorations.

nwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraphs3?

esfoodshortageasily.

kensthetransportationoffood.

snospaceforthestorageoffood.

renewablematerialsassourcesoffood.

ingtoParagraph4,3D-printedfood________.

availabletoconsumers

tindividualnutritionalneeds

ierthanfoodinsupermarkets

pallthenutritioninrawmaterials

themainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely?

ntingprocessiscomplicated.

B.3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.

terialshavetobedry.

pertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.

uldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnology

ytoImprove3DFoodPrinting

llengesfor3DFoodProduction

D.3DFoodPrinting:FromFarmtoTable

A

【

2018

年秋四川省棠湖中学高三期末】

Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearby

模拟精做

ttleintheplacesbecautheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsand

kCity,forexample,300yearsits

allcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.

1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(

荒野

).But

goldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof

30,000.

Dawsowentthereforgold.

TheytravelhtoDawsonwas

anche(

雪崩

)onceclodthepath,killing

ywhomadeittoDawson,however,irst20,000

peoplewhodugforgold,4,100ofthestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.

Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,itieslikefoodandwoodwerevery

n,ywascrowdedwithdisappointed

peoplewithnointerestinttlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleft

,peoplestillcomeandgo—toewheretheCanadiangoldrush

misnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itsprentpopulationis762.

tractedtheearlyttlerstoNewYorkCity?

inessculture.

llpopulation.

graphicalposition.

orableclimate.

weknowaboutthowhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?

-thirdsofthemstayedthere.

offivepeoplegotrich.

everyonegaveup.

themdied.

sthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?

undthecitytoocrowded.

ntedtotrytheirluckelwhere.

reunabletostandthewinter.

reshortoffood.

thetextmainlyabout?

eandfallofacity.

drushinCanada.

ysintothewilderness.

minDawson.

B

【

2018

届豫南九校高三下学期第一次联考】

Manyofushavereachedinourpockets,feelingavibration

（振

动）

,nomenonevenhasaname:phantomvibration

syndrome

—

andfounditissurprisinglycommon.

Nowscientistsbelievethatwearesoalert

（警觉）

forphonecallsandmessageswearemisinterpretingslight

musclespasms

（痉挛）

Ronberger,anassistantprofessorattheGeorgiaTechInstituteof

sufferersdescribeavaguetinglingfeelingwhichtheythinkistheir

mobilephoneindicatingithasreceivedatextmessageorcallwhileon‘silent’.Butwhenthedeviceisretrieved,there

wasnooneontheotherend.

ergersaid“Ifindsomanypeoplesay,‘Thishappenstome,ht

Iwasodd.”Itemsthatthesyndromeparticularlyaffectspeopleatthebeckandcallofmobilephonesorpagers.A

2010studybyMichaelRothbergandcolleaguesfoundthatnearly70percentofdoctorsatahospitalinMassachutts

ecentstudyofUScollegestudentsfoundthefigurewasashighas90percent.

Whiletheoddfeelingiswidespread,ergersaid:“it's

'sjustthenamethat'sgotstucktoit.”Headded:“Only2percentof

peopleconsideritaproblem.”

Whilewidespread,thescientificcommunityhasnotyetinvestedmucheffortingettingtothebottomofwhywe

sufferphantomcalls.

ergersaid:“nitive

（认知的）

scientistsaretalkingaboutbrainchemistry,'snotliketheyhavebrainscanstogo

on.”Hesaid:“Wehaveaphoneca

somethingandwethink,OK,thatcouldbeacall.”

omepeoplemistakeslightmusclespasmsforacall?

lhaveavividimagination.

ensitivetocallsandmessages.

refewcallsandmessagesintheirlife.

musclespasmsaffectthemmorethanotherpeople

fthefollowingaremorelikelytohavephantomvibrationsyndromethanothers?

s.

sityprofessors.

estudents.

nitivescientists.

erger'sopinion,phantomvibrationsyndrome___.

'takindofdiaactually

ideredaproblembymostpeople

iousproblemignoredbypeople

ethingtodowithbrainchemistry

esthetextmainlytalkabout?

oplehavephantomvibrationsyndrome.

eepawayfromphantomvibrationsyndrome.

educephantomphonevibrations.

caretoomuchaboutphantomphonevibrations

C

【

2018

届湖北省孝感高级中学高三

9

月摸底考试】

Itwasreportedlastweekthatdeveloperscouldtakephotos

fromApplemobileandGoogleAndroiddeviceswithoutthephoneownersknowingthattheimageswerebeingtaken.

InApple’sca,developerscanalsoobtainthelocationinformationforeachphoto.

Senator(

参议员

)CharlesSchumersaidinatelephoneinterviewthathisofficehadspokenwithofficialsatboth

AppleandGoogleonMonday.

“WeaskedthemiftheycouldfindawayontheirowntopreventApplefromhavingaccesstoprivateinformation,”

rsaid.“Theywerefriendlyandopentotheideathatthisoughttobechanged.”

OnSunday,rsaidthatheplannedtondalettertotheFederalTradeCommissionaskingtheagency

aBourneFarrell,anF.T.C.

spokeswoman,saidtheagencyhadreceivedtheletterbutshecouldnotcommentfurther.

“Itworriespeopletothinkthatone’spersonalphotos,addressbook,andwhoknowswhatelcanbeobtainedand

evenpostedonlinewithoutpermission,”rwroteinhislettertotheF.T.C.“Ifthetechnologyexiststoopen

thedoortothiskindofprivacyinvasion,thensurelytechnologyexiststocloit,andthat’xactlywhatmusthappen.”

rsaidifAppleandGooglecouldnotcometoanagreementtofixtheproblem,thenhewouldbeforced

totaketheissuefurther.

Hesaidothercompanieshadbeenwillingtoworkwithhisofficetofixissues.“I’moptimisticthatwecangetthis

changedwithoutanyregulation,”hesaid.“Ifit’snotchanged,thenwe’llturntotheF.T.C.,andifthatdoesn’tworkthen

we’llconsiderlegislativeapproach.”

nedcompaniestotrytobemorevigilant(

警醒的

)intheireffortstoprotectconsumerswhenit

comestoprivacy.

ator’sofficespokewithofficialsatbothAppleandGoogle___________.

themnottoinvadeconsumers’privacy

usswhetheritisillegaltohaveaccesstoprivateinformation

themfromdevelopingthetechnologyoftakingphotos

themfromobtainingthelocationinformationforeachphoto

fthefollowingstatementsistrue?

yinvasionfromApplehaxistedforalongtime.

rtakestheprivacyconcernscaudbyAppleandGoogleriously.

yinvasionfromGooglehaxistedforalongtime.

ndGooglehavedecidedtomakeachange.

r’showsthatthetechnologytoopenthedoortoprivacyinvasion_____.

privacyinvasiontohappenfrequently

difpermitted

peopletoworryaboutthesafetyoftheirpersonalinformation

personalinformationtobepostedonlinewithoutpermission

rivacyconcernscan’.,___________.

atorswillforcethecompaniesnottoinvadeprivacy

panieswillbeclod

panieswillbefined

atorswillturntolegislation

D

【黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学

2018

届高三第四次模拟】

Chinescientistsrecentlyhaveproducedtwo

monkeyswiththesamegene,ZhongZhongandHuaHua,

monkeysarenotactuallythefirstprimates

（灵长类）

ronenamedTetrawasproducedinthelate

1990sbyembryo

（胚胎）

splitting,thedivisionofanearly-stageembryointotwoorfourparatecellstomakeclones.

Bycontrast,theywereeachmadebyreplacinganeggcellnucleus

（原子核）

withDNAfromadifferentiatedbodycell.

ThisDollymethod,knownassomaticcellnucleartransfer（SCNT（,cancreatemoreclonesandallowsrearchers

greatercontrolovertheeditstheymaketotheDNA.

ncludedanewtypeofmicroscopytobetterviewthe

cellsduringhandlingorusingveralmaterialsthatencouragecellreprogramming,whichhadn’tbeentriedbeforeon

,therearchprocessproveddifficult,ohealthybaby

adstomanyrearchers’pouringwaterontheideathatthe

team’oughtthisworkisnotasteppingstonetoestablishing

d,thisclearlyremainsaveryfoolishthingtoattempt,itwouldbe

fartooinefficient,fartoounsafe,anditisalsopointless.

snownobarrierforcloningprimatespecies,

r,theirrearchpurpointirelyforproducingnon-humanprimate

modelsforhumandias;theyabsolutelyhavenointention,andsocietywillnotpermitthisworktobeextendedto

elimitations,theytreatthisbreakthroughanovelmodelsystemforscientistsstudyinghumanbiology

anddia.

weknowaboutthetechnologycalledSCNT?

tedthefirsttwoprimates.

ontributetoeditingtheDNA.

ivideanearly-stageembryointoveralcells.

ucedtwoclonedmonkeyswithdifferentgenes.

estheauthormeanby“pouringwaterontheidea”inparagraph2?

alowopinionofit.

supportiveevidencetoit.

thescientists’purpotoclonethemonkeys?

withthestudyofhumandias.

easasteppingstonetotheirreputation.

arefortheirrearchonhumancloning.

emoneyforholdinganexhibitionofnovels.

nweinferfromthepassage?

hniquesemtobepointless.

ghumansisalreadyonitsway.

ywon’tagreetocloneanothermonkey.

cessrateofcloningamonkeywasnothigh.

A

【答案】

1.A2.D3.B4.A

【解析】

本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者

主张使用新电子设备。

1.

观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的

That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—asthe

outdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.

可知，使用旧的电子设备

对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。由此推知作者

认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选

A

。

2.

细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的

Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittand

hercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproduct

throughoutitslife

可知，

Babbitt’steam

研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。故选

D

。

3.

细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的

Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontablets

insteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.

可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设

备，可以降低

44%

的耗能。故选

B

。

4.

推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者建议停止使用旧

的电子设备。故选

A

。

B

【答案】

5.B6.D7.B8.C9.A

【解析】

本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了

3D

打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍

面临着许多方面的挑战。

5.

推理判断题。根据文章

Foodproduction

中叙述了没有经验的人可以用

3D

打印机做出复杂的巧克力雕塑

和美丽的婚礼蛋糕，以及餐厅能够用

3D

打印出所有的菜肴和甜点，从而可以推断出

3D

打印的优势是节省了

做饭的时间和精力。故选

B

。

6.

细节理解题。根据文章第三段

Someexpertsbelieveprinterscoulduhydrocolloids(

水解胶体

)fromplentiful

renewableslikealgae(

藻类

)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(

烹饪原料

).

可知，

3D

打印机可以使用可再

生材料作为食物来源。故选

D

。

7.

推理判断题。根据文章第四段

Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritional

答案与解析

精选大题

content,likevitamins.

（食品打印可以让消费者打印定制营养的食物），从而可以推断出

3D

打印出来的食物可

以满足个人营养需求。故选

B

。

8.

细节理解题。根据文章最后一段

mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becau

meatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.

可知，阻止

3D

打印食物进一步广泛使用的原因是原料必须是干的，

含水多的肉和牛奶不能应用于

3D

打印因为很容易坏。故选

C

。

9.

主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了

3D

打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑

战。所以用标题

3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnology

，故选

A

。

A

【答案】

10.C11.B12.B13.A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了

Dawson

这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。

10.

细节理解题。根据文章第一段中

Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearby

ttleintheplacesbecautheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsand

kCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.

可知，人们选择在河边

或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民

的原因是它的地理位置，故

C

正确。

11.

细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句

Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,

100ofthestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.

可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有

4000

人变富有，所以是

五分之一的人变富了，故

B

正确。

12.

细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中

andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleft

DawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.

可知，人们离开

Dawson

的主要原因是听说在

Alaska

发现了黄金，也

就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故

B

正确。

13.

主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出

Dawson

这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴

起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕

Dawson

这个城市的发展起伏。

故

A

正确。

B

【答案】

14.B15.C16.A17.A

【解析】

这是一篇社会生活类说明文。文章介绍了一种非常普遍的病症

—

振动幻听综合症。

14.

细节理解题。由第二段中的

“Nowscientistsbelievethatwearesoalert

（警觉）

forphonecallsandmessages

wearemisinterpretingslightmusclespasms

（痉挛）

asproofofacall”

可知，科学家们认为我们对手机电话和短

模拟精做

信如此警觉以至于我们会把轻微的肌肉痉挛误认为是电话。故结合选项，

B

选项正确。

15.

细节理解题。由第三段中的

“A2010studybyMichaelRothbergandcolleaguesfoundthatnearly70percent

ecentstudyofUScollegestudentsfound

thefigurewasashighas90percent”

可知，

90%

的大学生患有振动幻听综合症。故

C

选项正确。

16.

细节理解题。由第四段中的

“it'snotactuallyasyndromeinatechnicaln”

可知，

erger

认为

（

从专业角度来说，这并不是一种综合症。也就是说，他认为这并不是一种病。故

A

选项正确。

17.

主旨大意题。第一段是文章中心段。该段主要介绍了振动幻听综合症是一种非常普遍的现象。大部分

人都患有振动幻听综合症。下文简单分析了这种现象的原因以及科学家们对此的看法。故结合选项，

A

选项正

确。

C

【答案】

18.A19.B20.C21.D

【解析】

本文是一篇新闻报道类说明文。文章介绍了

AppleandGoogle

开发了一种软件

,

不经过对方的允许就

能拍照，还可以传到网上。并且能知道照片的具体信息。这是对个人隐私的侵害。

18.

细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的

WeaskedthemiftheycouldfindawayontheirowntopreventApple

fromhavingaccesstoprivateinformation

（此处的

privacy

和

privateinformation

同义。）句意：我们（参议员们）

问他们，他们是否能独立找到阻止苹果公司进入个人信息空间的方法。及第六段“

Ifit’snotchanged,thenwe’ll

turntotheF.T.C.,andifthatdoesn’tworkthenwe’llconsiderlegislativeapproach.”

句意：如果苹果和谷歌不能达成

协议来解决这个问题，然后他将被迫采取进一步的问题。综合以上内容可知是敦促他们不要侵犯个人的隐私

权，故选

A

。

19.

细节理解题。根据文章中的

hesaid.“Ifit’snotchanged,thenwe’llturntotheF.T.C.,andifthatdoesn’t

workthenwe’llconsiderlegislativeapproach.

”可知，

说，如果不改变，我们就向联邦贸易协会求助，

如果那不起作用，我们将考虑法律手段。这说明他对

AppleandGoogle

侵犯个人隐私这个问题是认真的。故选

B

。根据文章第一段中的

ItwasreportedlastweekthatdeveloperscouldtakephotosfromApplemobileandGoogle

Androiddeviceswithoutthephoneownersknowingthattheimageswerebeingtaken.

可知，这事是上周报道的，时

间不长。所以

A

和

C

项错误。文章没有提到它们已经决定改变。故

D

项错误。

20.

推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“

Itworriespeopletothinkthatone’spersonalphotos,addressbook,and

whoknowswhatelcanbeobtainedandevenpostedonlinewithoutpermission,”rwroteinhisletterto

theF.T.C.

可知，个人的相片、地址等（这些属于个人隐私）可能被获得，甚至没有经过许可就被传到网上，这

令人们很担心。由此可推断出人们担心个人信息的安全问题，此处采用的是同义句表达的方法。选

C

。

21.

细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的

hesaid.“Ifit’snotchanged,thenwe’llturntotheF.T.C.,andifthat

doesn’tworkthenwe’llconsiderlegislativeapproach.

”可知，

说，如果不改变，我们就向联邦贸易协

会求助，如果那不起作用，我们将考虑法律手段。从中可推断出如果不解决，就考虑求助于法律。由此可推断

出

D

符合题意。

D

【答案】

22.B23.B24.A25.D

【解析】

本文是一篇科普类的文章。被称作

SCNT

的高科技可能有助于编辑

DNA

。本文中科学家们克隆这些

猴子的目的是帮助研究人类疾病。

22.

细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句

ThisDollymethod,knownassomaticcellnucleartransfer（SCNT（,

cancreatemoreclonesandallowsrearchersgreatercontrolovertheeditstheymaketotheDNA.

可知，

SCNT

可能

有助于编辑

DNA（

故

B

项正确。

23.

词义猜测题。根据第二段中

Still,therearchprocessproveddifficult,andmanyattemptsbytheteamfailed.

adstomanyrearchers’pouringwater

ontheideathattheteam’sresultsbringscientistsclortocloninghumans.

可知在第二段中

“pouringwaterontheidea”

的意思是

“

对它的评价很低。

”

故

B

项正确。

24.

推理判断题。根据最后一段中

However,theirrearchpurpointirelyforproducingnon-humanprimate

modelsforhumandias;theyabsolutelyhavenointention,andsocietywillnotpermitthisworktobeextendedto

humans.

可知，科学家们克隆这些猴子的目的是帮助研究人类疾病。故

A

项正确。

25.

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句

Theythoughtthisworkisnotasteppingstonetoestablishing

d,thisclearlyremainsaveryfoolishthingtoattempt,itwouldbe

fartooinefficient,fartoounsafe,anditisalsopointless.

和最后一段最后一句

Despitelimitations,theytreatthis

breakthroughanovelmodelsystemforscientistsstudyinghumanbiologyanddia.

可知，克隆一只猴子的成功率

并不高。故

D

项正确。

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