考研英语二历年真题

2010考研英语二真题及答案

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:

hnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

ChoothebestoneandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETl.(10points)

TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconJune11,

efirstworldwideepidemic_____1_____bytheWorldHealthOrganizationin41years.

Theheightenedalert_____2_____anemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatconvened

afterasharpriincasinAustralia,andrising_____3_____inBritain,Japan,Chileandelwhere.

Buttheepidemicis"_____4_____"inverity,accordingtoMargaretChan,theorganization's

directorgeneral,_____5_____theoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientxperiencingonlymildsymptoms

andafullrecovery,ofteninthe_____6_____ofanymedicaltreatment.

Theoutbreakcametoglobal_____7_____inlateApril2009,whenMexicanauthoritiesnoticedan

unusuallylargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeaths_____8_____ofMexicoCity

shutdownattheheightofapanic,casbeganto_____9_____inNewYorkCity,thesouthwesternUnited

Statesandaroundtheworld.

IntheUnitedStates,newcasemedtofade_____10_____ate

September2009,officialsreportedtherewas_____11_____fluactivityinalmosteverystateandthat

virtuallyallthe_____12_____testedarethenewswineflu,alsoknownas(A)H1N1,

theU.S.,ithas_____13_____morethanonemillionpeople,andcaudmorethan600deathsandmore

than6,000hospitalizations.

Federalhealthofficials_____14_____Tamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstockpileand

began_____15_____vaccine,whichis

differentfromtheannualfluvaccine,is____16_____anthreemilliondos

weretobemadeavailableinearlyOctober2009,thoughmostoftho_____17_____doswereofthe

FluMistnasalspraytype,whichisnot_____18_____forpregnantwomen,peopleover50orthowith

breathingdifficulties,heartdiaorveralother_____19_____.Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinate

peopleinotherhigh-riskgroup:healthcareworkers,people_____20_____infantsandhealthyyoung

people.

1[A]criticized[B]appointed[C]commented[D]designated

2[A]proceeded[B]activated[C]followed[D]prompted

3[A]digits[B]numbers[C]amounts[D]sums

4[A]moderate[B]normal[C]unusual[D]extreme

5[A]with[B]in[C]from[D]by

6[A]progress[B]abnce[C]prence[D]favor

7[A]reality[B]phenomenon[C]concept[D]notice

8.[A]over[B]for[C]among[D]to

9[A]stayup[B]cropup[C]fillup[D]coverup

10[A]as[B]if[C]unless[D]until

11[A]excessive[B]enormous[C]significant[D]magnificent

12[A]categories[B]examples[C]patterns[D]samples

13[A]imparted[B]immer[C]injected[D]infected

14[A]relead[B]relayed[C]relieved[D]remained

15[A]placing[B]delivering[C]taking[D]giving

16[A]feasible[B]available[C]reliable[D]applicable

17[A]prevalent[B]principal[C]innovative[D]initial

18[A]prented[B]restricted[C]recommended[D]introduced

19[A]problems[B]issues[C]agonies[D]sufferings

20[A]involvedin[B]caringfor[C]concernedwith[D]wardingoff

SectionⅡReadingcomprehension

PartA

Text1

Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56

worksbyDamienHirst,“BeautifulInsideMyHeadForever”，atSotheby’sinLondononSeptember15th

twopiecessold,fetchingmorethan￡70m,last

uctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet,Lehman

Brothers,filedforbankruptcy.

Theworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingbewilderinglysince

eakin2007itwasworthsome$65billion,reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArts

Economics,arearchfirm—henitmayhavecomedownto$50

marketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauitbringstogethergreatwealth,

enormougos,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.

IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMrHirst’ssale,spendingofanysortbecamedeeply

unfashionable,especiallyinNewYork,wherethebail-outofthebankscoincidedwiththelossofthousands

rtworldthatmeantcollectorsstayed

fcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,andinthemost

overheatedctor—forChinecontemporaryart—theyweredownbynearly90%intheyearto

weekstheworld’stwobiggestauctionhous,Sotheby’sandChristie’s,hadtopay

outnearly$200minguaranteestoclientswhohadplacedworksforsalewiththem.

ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanestoppedbuyingImpressionists

attheendof1989,amovethatstartedthemostriouscontractioninthemarketsincetheSecondWorld

meexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,thoughsomehave

ardDolman,Christie’schiefexecutive,says:“I’mprettyconfidentwe’re

atthebottom.”

Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesays,isthattherearestillbuyersinthemarket,

whereasintheearly1990s,wheninterestrateswerehigh,therewasnodemandeventhoughmany

ie’srevenuesinthefirsthalfof2009werestillhigherthaninthefirsthalf

everyonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblematthe

eeDs—death,debtand

divorce—onewhodoesnothavetolliskeepingaway,

waitingforconfidencetoreturn.

irstparagraph,DamienHirst'ssalewasreferredtoas“alastvictory”becau____.

markethadwitnesdasuccessionofvictories

tioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesatthehighestbids

fulInsideMyHeadForeverwonoverallmasterpieces

uccessfullymadejustbeforetheworldfinancialcrisis

ng“spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable”(Line1-2,Para.3)，theauthor

suggeststhat_____.

torswerenolongeractivelyinvolvedinart-marketauctions

stoppedeverykindofspendingandstayedawayfromgalleries

lectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreatextent

fartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashionsotheywerenotworthbuying

fthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

fcontemporaryartfelldramaticallyfrom2007to2008.

marketsurpasdmanyotherindustriesinmomentum.

ketgenerallywentdownwardinvariousways.

tdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestocome.

eeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphare____

nhous'favorites

porarytrends

spromotingartworkcirculation

reprentingimpressionists

tappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe___

ationofArtPrices

-to-dateArtAuctions

ketinDecline

dInterestinArts

Text2

IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom—awomen'sgroupthathad

houttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequently

offeringideasandanecdotes,theendofthe

eveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'n

uredtowardhiswifeandsaid,"She'sthetalkerinourfamily."The

roomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."It'strue,"heexplained."WhenIcomehome

fromwork,idn'tkeeptheconversationgoing,we'dspendthewholeevening

insilence."

ThipisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomenin

publicsituations,spatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.

ThepogistCatherine

KohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook"DivorceTalk"thatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—but

onlyafewofthemen—hecurrent

divorcerateofnearly50percent，thatamountstomillionsofcasintheUnitedStateveryyear—a

virtualepidemicoffailedconversation.

Inmyownrearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocudnotontangible

inequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmore

thantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaning,cooking,d

theyfocudoncommunication:"Hedoesn'tlistentome.""Hedoesn'ttalktome."IfoundasHacker

obrvedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartners

butfewhusbandssharethixpectationoftheirwives.

Inshorttheimagethatbestreprentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofaman

sittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,whileawomanglaresattheback

ofit,wantingtotalk.

mostwives'mainexpectationoftheirhusbands?

gtothem.

ngthem.

tingtheircareers.

ghouwork.

gfromthecontext,thephra“wreakinghavoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans___.

tingmotivation.

nginfluence

gdamage

ngpressure

hefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_______

dtotalkmoreinpublicthanwomen

50percentofrecentdivorcesarecaudbyfailedconversation

ttachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples

etendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspou

fthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?

aldecayingdervesmorerearchbysociologists.

gebreak-upstemsfromxinequalities.

dandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.

sationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.

ollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson______

accountofthenewbookDivorceTalk

leddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoon

ossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.

introductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacker

Text3

Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits

—abitshavehelpedcompaniearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerat

snacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninrespontoacarefullydesigned

tofdailycues.

“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremain

killersonlybecauwecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”said.“Wewantedto

learnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”

turnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—had

investedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscould

utointroducenewroutines.

Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweueveryday—chewinggums,skin

moisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,

teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—ryago,fewpeople

,becauofcannyadvertisingandpublichealth

campaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,often

withColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.

Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’veragecompanies

startedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwaterall

ggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasa

isturizersareadvertidaspartofmorning

beautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.

“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,”saidCarolBerning,a

consumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thecompanythatsold$76billionof

Tide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingour

consumers’lives,andit’sntialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”

Throughexperimentsandobrvation,ghavelearnedthatthereis

powerinnewscienceof

habithamerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenudtollquestionablebeauty

creamsorunhealthyfoods.

,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap________.

[A]shouldbefurthercultivated

[B]shouldbechangedgradually

[C]aredeeplyrootedinhistory

[D]arebasicallyprivateconcerns

dwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto____

[A]revealtheirimpactonpeople’shabits

[B]showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities

[C]indicatetheireffectonpeople’sbuyingpower

[D]manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits

fthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople’shabits?

[A]Tide[B]Crest

[C]Colgate[D]Unilever

etextweknowthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddueto_____

[A]perfectedartofproducts[B]automaticbehaviorcreation

[C]commercialpromotions[D]scientificexperiments

hor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertimentonpeople’shabitsis____

[A]indifferent[B]negative

[C]positive[D]biad

Text4

ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,

includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequally

competenttorveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbelectedrandomlyfromareprentativecrossctionof

thecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttorveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,x,

ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldreprentthe

yisalsosaidtobethebestsurviving

ectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverning

themlves,ratherthanelectingreprentativestogovernforthem.

Butasrecentlyasin1986,

states,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsuppodlysuperiorintelligence,education,and

ghtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracial

rginia,thepracticeof

lectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandother

antidiscriminationlaws.

Thesystemagh

womenfirstrvedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmade

enveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjuryduty

acticewasjustifiedbythe

claimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunreprentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.

In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespasdtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringina

wabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederal

jurorsandrequir

ana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesbe

lordecisionalsodeclaredx

discriminationinjurylectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestouthesameproceduresfor

lectingmaleandfemalejurors.

eprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,welearnthat______

[A]bothliberateandilliteratepeoplecanrveonjuries

[B]defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeers

[C]noagelimitshouldbeimpodforjuryrvice

[D]judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic

cticeoflectingso-calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed_____

[A]theinadequacyofantidiscriminationlaws

[B]theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces

[C]theconflictingidealsinjurylectionprocedures

[D]thearrogancecommonamongtheSupremeCourtjustices

the1960s,womenwereldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbecau_____

[A]theywereautomaticallybannedbystatelaws

[B]theyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualifications

[C]theyweresuppodtoperformdomesticduties

[D]theytendedtoevadepublicengagement

heJurySelectionandServiceActwaspasd.___

[A]xdiscriminationinjurylectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolished

[B]educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidinthelectionoffederaljurors

[C]jurorsatthestateleveloughttobereprentativeoftheentirecommunity

[D]statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem

ussingtheUSjurysystem,thetextcenterson_______

[A]itsnatureandproblems

[B]itscharacteristicsandtradition

[C]itsproblemsandtheirsolutions

[D]itstraditionanddevelopment

SectionⅢTranslation

ions:

ourtranslationonANSWER

SHEET2.(15points)

“Suatainability”hasbecomeapopularwordthedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshave

enduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohim

thatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpresdthougheverydayactionandchoice。Ningrecalls

’dbeenthoughthedot-comboomand

burstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency。Itdidin’tgowell.“Itwasareallyhadmove

becauthat’snotmypassion,”saysNing,whodilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalack

ofsales.“Iwasmirable,IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstare

nesaid,‘Justwait,you’lltrunthecorner,giveit

sometime.’”

ions:

alettertoyourAmericancolleagueto

1)Expressyourthanksforhis/herwarmreception;

2)Welcomehim/hertovisitChinainduecour。

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

“ZhangWei”instead。

Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)

ions:

Inthisction,writing,youshould

1)Interpretthechartand

2)Giveyourcomments。

Youshouldwriteatleast150words。

WriteyouressayononANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

2010年考研英语二真题答案：

1[D]designated2[C]followed3[B]numbers4[A]moderate5[A]with6[B]abnce

7[D]notice8.[C]among9[B]cropup10[A]as11[C]significant12[D]samples

13[D]infected14[A]relead15[C]taking16[B]available17[D]initial

18[C]recommended19[A]problems20[B]caringfor

21D22A23B24C25C26A27C28B29C30C

31A32A33D34C35B36D37C38C39B40A

翻译参考

“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人

生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。

Ning回忆起20世纪90年代末期卖保险的那段迷茫时光，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂地找工作，并且与Boulder

代理机构签了约。

事情进展并不顺利，TedNing说到：“那真是个糟糕的选择，因为我对此没有激情，”可以预料，他把工作中的矛盾能

解释为没有业务。Ning说：“我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花板，我没钱，我需要工作，每个人都说‘等吧，只要有

耐心会好转的。’”

小作文

Dearxxx,

IwouldliketoconveymyheartfeltthankstoyouforyourkindnesstoreceivemewhenIparticipated

inanexchangeprograminUSA.

YourgeneroushelpmadeitpossiblethatIhadaverypleasantstayandachancetoknowAmericancultures

s,IthinkitisanhonorformetomakefriendswithyouandIwillcherishthegoodwillyou

ethatyouwillvisitChinaoneday,sothatIcouldhavethe

opportunitytorepayyourkindnessandrefreshourfriendship。

Ifeelobligedtothankyouagain。

Sincerelyyours,

ZhangWei

大作文范文：

Inthischart,wecanethemobilephonesubscriptionsindevelopedcountrieshaveasteadyandslight

ilethemobilephonesubscriptions

indevelopingcountrieshavewitnesdaslowincreafrom1990to2004andthenagreatsurgefrom

2004to20007:thebiggestsurgehappensfrom2005to2006.

Thischartreflectsdifferentdevelopingmodesofmobilephoneindustryindevelopedanddeveloping

elopedcountrieshavealimitednumberofpopulations,mostofwhomarewell-educated.

Therefore,thespreadi

thebegieloping

coobilephone

rvicebecomescheaperandcheaper,theincreasingcustomerssubscribetobenefitfromthisrvice。

Asdiscusdabove,inion,thistrendthatthenumberof

mobile-phonesubscriptionsisincreasinglyincreasingwillcontinueforawhileinthefuture

新题型译文：

波音和空客都在吹嘘自己最新飞机787和A350的性能，巧妙的设计与轻质的材料当然使它们与众不同。但在斯

坦福大学，由伊兰▪克鲁领导的一个研究小组提出，飞机的飞行路线可以改用更具仿生效应的路径来节省燃油，

而且并不需要购买新的飞机。

克鲁教授称这个设想是受到鸟类的启发。1914年，一位名叫卡尔▪维塞尔斯伯格的德国研究员发表了一篇

具有重大意义的论文，科学家们从中得知，鸟类在飞行的时候排成V字、梯形或倒过来时，会节省体力。气流在划

过鸟类双翼时会在其后面弯曲向上，这是一种叫上升流的现象。在上升流中飞行的鸟阻力减小，可以用更小的力气

飞。彼得▪利萨曼以前是加州理工学院和南加州大学的航空专家，他认为由25只鸟组成的队伍会将飞行距离

提升71%。

当把鸟类的特性应用到飞机上的时候，原理也相差无几。克鲁教授和他的团队模拟了三架分别从洛杉矶、旧金

山和拉斯维加斯起飞的客机在犹他州集合，采用反V字形状并偶尔换一下位置以便所有飞机轮流利用最有利位置，

最后飞到伦敦。他们发现飞机节省多达15%的燃油，相应的二氧化碳排放也少了很多，途中排放的氮氧化物减少约

四分之一。

当然，一定要有完善的操作指南。要考虑安全问题，至少在感觉上来说是安全的。乘客们在换位时会不会不舒

服呢?克鲁教授指出飞机间会相隔几海里，不会像红箭表演队(英国皇家空军特技表演队)那样间距小到令人窒息。乘

客往窗外看也许都看不到另外的飞机。有关飞机间距是否符合空中管制条例暂且不谈，但国际民航组织的一个工作

组已经考虑在新的操作方针中列入编队飞行的可能性。

现在仍需考虑天气情况对气流的影响，这会关系到编队飞行的效率。在有大量乱流的地区，飞机尾部的气流会

消失更快，上升流效应就会消失。克鲁教授称，在这方面他们团队将要进行更多的研究。每架客机的起飞时间与目

的地都不相同，要协调它们编队飞行很难。相反，货机和日常空军飞行更容易协调时间。

恰逢此时，美军已经着手这项研究。今年早些时候，美国国防部高级研究计划局宣布出资让波音公司研究编队飞行的计划，但项目到

现在还没启动。有报道称二战时就有一些军机在燃油不足的情况下编队飞行，但利萨曼教授称那些都是杜撰的，他说：“我父亲是皇家空军

飞行员，我的堂兄是一架在柏林坠毁的兰喀斯特式飞机的机长”，所以他应该知道。

2011年研究生入学考试英语二真题

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions：thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,Cor

DonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

"TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsurs—tvery

anonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcybercrimethathas1acrosstheWeb.

Canprivacybeprerved2bringingamblanceofsafetyandcuritytoaworldthatems

increasingly3?

Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation’scyberczar,offeredtheObamagovernmenta4tomake

theWebasaferplace—a“voluntaryidentify”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey,

fingerprintandaphotoIDcard,temmightuasmartidentitycard,ora

digitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer,andwouldauthenticateursatarangeofonlinervices.

ould9whichsystem

tojoin,andonlyregisteredurswhoidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosystems.

TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicen10bythegovernment.

GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossible

forursto11justoncebutumanydifferentrvices.

12,theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”insafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”to

establishanof13community.

tdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhichindividualsandorganizationscan

completeonlinetransactionswith14,trustingtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructurethatthetransaction

runs15.'"

Still,theadministration’plaudtheapproach;othersare

sclearthatsuchaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17bealicen”mentality.

Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomeexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntary

ecosystem”guethatshouldbe20toregister

andidentifythemlves,indriversmustbelicendtodriveonpublicroads.

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red

11．

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SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,ur

answersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:ayearlatershe

restofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroles

swasunderfireforhavingsaton

Goldman’scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoenormousbonuspayoutspass

unremarked?itionwasjusttakingup

toomuchtime,shesaid.

Outsidedirectorsaresuppodtorveashelpful,yetlessbiad,advirsonafirm’

madetheirwealthandtheirreputationlwhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagree

withthechiefexecutive’ky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbe

abletogiveadvicebadonhavingweatheredtheirowncris.

TherearchersfromOhioUniversityudadatabahatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmore

than64,eysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayed

tlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sothe

rearchersconcentratedontho“surpri”unt

thatafterasurprideparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubquentlyhavetorestateearnings

increadbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreas,

gha

correlationbetweenthemleavingandsubquentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnot

hey“tradeup.”Leavingriskier,

smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.

Buttherearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheir

reputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereonthe

howanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtough

s,

onceagainverypopularoncampus.

ingtoParagraph1,swascriticizedfor.

[A]gainingexcessiveprofits

[B]failingtofulfillherduty

[C]refusingtomakecompromis

[D]leavingtheboardintoughtimes

nfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresuppodtobe.

[A]generousinvestors[B]unbiadexecutives

[C]sharepriceforecasters[D]independentadvirs

ingtotherearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector’ssurprideparture,the

firmislikelyto.

[A]becomemorestable[B]reportincreadearnings

[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket[D]performworinlawsuits

einferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors.

[A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm

[C]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirm[D]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirm

hor’sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis.

[A]permissive[B]positive

[C]scornful[D]critical

Text2

Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?ession

threatenedtorperslike

a’sFederalTradecommission

theybecomecharitablecorporations?

Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?discussionsnowemoutof

date.

andBrazilianpapershaveshruggedoffthe

ericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,have

20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,

butprofitallthesame.

rican

SocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,sarepaying

desperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.

Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusiness,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreaders

87%oftheir

revenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&

Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanenewspapersaremuch

morestable.

Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeen

persareless

pletenessisnolongeravirtueinthenewspaperbusiness.

ng“Newspaperslike…theirowndoom”(Lines3-4,Para.1),theauthorindicatesthat

newspaper.

[A]neglectedthesignofcrisis

[B]failedtogetstatesubsidies

[C]werenotcharitablecorporations

[D]wereinadesperatesituation

wspapersrefuddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecau.

[A]readersthreatenedtopayless

[B]newspaperswantedtoreducecosts

[C]journalistsreportedlittleabouttheareas

[D]subscriberscomplainedaboutslimmerproducts

edwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanenewspapersaremuchmorestablebecau

they.

[A]havemoresourcesofrevenue

[B]havemorebalancednewsrooms

[C]arelessdependentonadvertising

[D]arelessaffectedbyreadership

nbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness?

[A]Distinctivenessisanesntialfeatureofnewspapers.

[B]Completenessistoblameforthefailureofnewspaper.

[C]Foreignbureausplayacrucialroleinthenewspaperbusiness.

[D]Readershavelosttheirinterestincarandfilmreviews.

tappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe.

[A]AmericanNewspapers:StrugglingforSurvival

[B]AmericanNewspapers:GonewiththeWind

[C]AmericanNewspapers:AThrivingBusiness

[D]AmericanNewspapers:AHopelessStory

Text3

WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityand

growth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions,dliningupat

themarriagebureaus.

Butwhenitcametotheirhous,itwasatimeofcommonnandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybe

theDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,in

combinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.

Eca“lessis

more”wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeother

peopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarII

esignerscametoexertenormousinfluence

onthecourofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothatMies.

Mies’ssignaturephrameansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthatalot.

Elegance,hebelieved,hermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,

glassandlaminatedwood-materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtodaybuythatinthe1940ssymbolizedthe

’ssophisticatedprentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmalland

efficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.

TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago’sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,were

smaller-two-bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet-thanthointheirolderneighborsalongthecity’sGold

ywerepopularbecauoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceof

thebuildings’detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.

Thetrendtoward“less”1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuilding

moremodestandefficienthous-usuallyaround1,200squarefeet-thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshe

haddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly20thcentury.

The“CaStudyHous”commissionedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&

Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe“lessis

more”ticeffectcamefromthelandscape,a

StudyHou,Ralpheverydaylife-fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventually

gotclothesdryers-buthisbeliefthatlf-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared.

twarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedtheAmericans’.

[A]prosperityandgrowth

[B]efficiencyandpracticality

[C]restraintandconfidence

[D]prideandfaithfulness

fthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3aboutBauhaus?

[A]ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanderRohe.

[B]ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedbyWorldWarII.

[C]MostAmericanarchitectsudtobeassociatedwithit.

[D]IthadagreatinfluenceuponAmericanarchitecture.

ldthateleganceofarchitecturaldesign.

[A]wasrelatedtolargespace

[B]wasidentifiedwithemptiness

[C]wasnotreliantonabundantdecoration

[D]wasnotassociatedwithefficiency

trueabouttheapartmentsMiesbuildingChicago’sLakeShoreDrive?

[A]Theyignoreddetailsandproportions.

[B]Theywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthattime.

[C]Theyweremorespaciousthanneighboringbuildings.

[D]Theysharedsomecharacteristicsofabstractart.

nwelearnaboutthedesignofthe“CaStudyHou”?

[A]Mechanicaldeviceswerewidelyud.

[B]Naturalscenesweretakenintoconsideration

[C]Detailsweresacrificedfortheoveralleffect.

[D]Eco-friendlymaterialswereemployed.

Text4

WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?n

theproject’sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga“Bermudatriangle”ofdebt,population

declineandlowergrowth.

Aswellasthochronicproblems,theEUfaceanacutecrisisinitconomiccore,the16countries

shavelostfaiththattheeurozone’conomies,weakerorstronger,will

onedayconvergethankstothedisciplineofsharingasinglecurrency,whichdeniesuncompetitive

membersthequickfixofdevaluation.

YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope’uck

becautheeurozone’sdominantpowers,FranceandGermany,agreeontheneedforgreater

harmonizationwithintheeurozone,butdisagreeaboutwhattoharmonies.

Germanythinkstheeuromustbesavedbystricterrulesonborrowspendingandcompetitiveness,

ightincludethreatsto

freezeEUfundsforpoorerregionsandEUmega-projectsandeventhesuspensionofacountry’svoting

ststhateconomicco-ordinationshouldinvolveall27membersof

theEUclub,amongwhomthereisasmallmajorityforfree-marketliberalismandeconomicrigour;inthe

innercorealone,Germanyfears,asmallmajorityfavourFrenchinterference.

A“southern”campheadedbyFrenchwantssomethingdifferent:”Europeaneconomicgovernment”

ated,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetary

policyandasystemofredistributionfromrichertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingfor

y,figuresclototheFrance

governmenthavemurmured,curo-zonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscalandsocialharmonization:e.g.,

curbingcompetitionincorporate-taxratesorlabourcosts.

instheworld’est,theEuropean

projectisremarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries,itsinternalborders

arefarmoreopentogoods,ambitiousattempt

tobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization,andmakecapitalismbenign.

sfacedwithsomanyproblemsthat.

[A]ithasmoreorlesslostfaithinmarkets

[B]evenitssupportersbegintofeelconcerned

[C]someofitsmembercountriesplantoabandoneuro

[D]itintendstodenythepossibilityofdevaluation

ateovertheEU’ssinglecurrencyisstuckbecauthedominantpowers.

[A]arecompetingfortheleadingposition

[B]arebusyhandlingtheirowncris

[C]failtoreachanagreementonharmonization

[D]disagreeonthestepstowardsdisintegration

etheeuroproblem,Germanypropodthat.

[A]EUfundsforpoorregionsbeincread

[B]stricterregulationsbeimpod

[C]onlycoremembersbeinvolvedineconomicco-ordination

[D]votingrightsoftheEUmembersbeguaranteed

nchproposalofhandlingthecrisisimpliesthat____.

［A］poorcountriesaremorelikelytogetfunds

［B］strictmonetarypolicywillbeappliedtopoorcountries

［C］loanswillbereadilyavailabletorichcountries

［D］richcountrieswillbasicallycontrolEurobonds

ingthefutureoftheEU,theauthoremstofeel____.

［A］pessimistic［B］desperate

［C］conceited［D］hopeful

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthat

retwoextrachoicesintheright

uransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

SuchamovecouldaffectfirmssuchasMcDonald’s,whichsponsorstheyouthcoachingschemerun

-foodchainsshouldalsostopoffering“inducements”suchastoys,cute

animalsandmobilephonecredittolureyoungcustomers,Stephensonsaid.

ProfessorDineshBhugra,presidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPsychiatrists,said:“Ifchildrenaretaught

abouttheimpactthatfoodhasontheirgrowth,andthatsomethingscanharm,atleastinformationis

availableupfront.”

Healsourgedcouncilstoimpo“fast-food-freezones”aroundschoolandhospitals-areaswithin

whichtakeawayscannotopen.

ADepartmentofHealthspokespersonsaid:“Weneedtocreateanewvisionforpublichealthwhere

cludescreatinganew‘responsibility

deal’withbusiness,builtonsocialresponsibility,hisyear,wewillpublisha

whitepaperttingoutexactlyhowwewillachievethis.”

Thefoodindustrywillbealarmedthatsuchniordoctorsbacksuchradicalmoves,especiallythecall

tousomeofthetoughtacticsthathavebeendeployedagainstsmokingoverthelastdecade.

[A]“fattaxes”shouldbeimpodonfast-food

producerssuchasMcDonald’s.

Lansleyheldthat[B]thegovernmentshouldbanfast-foodoutlets

intheneighborhoodofschools

eStephensonagreedthat[C]“lecturing”wasaneffectivewayto

improveschoollunchesinEngland.

liveremedtobelievethat[D]cigarette-stylewarningsshouldbe

introducedtochildrenaboutthedangersofa

poordiet.

Bhugrasuggested

that

[E]theproducersofcrispsandcandiescould

contributesignificantlytotheChange4Life

campaign.

tmentofHealth

Spokespersonpropdthat

[F]parentsshouldtgoodexamplesfortheir

childrenbykeepingahealthydietathome.

[G]thegovernmentshouldstrengthenthen

ofresponsibilityamongbusiness.

46．Direction：

ateitintoChine,writeyourtranslationonANSWER

SHEET2.(15points)

Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumesof

greenhougasastheworld’sairlinesdo-rough2percentofallCO2emissions?

earchcanleakbetween0.2

and7.0gramsofCO2dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe“right”ver

resultstoitsursquickly,then,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresroundtheworld,packedwith

roducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thecomputermitagreatdealofheat,so

thecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichuvenmoreenergy.

However,Googleandotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiencyclolyandmake

ringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchtobedone,andnot

justbybigcompanies.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

47Directions:

im/heraletterto

1)congratulatehim/her,and

2)givehim/hersuggestionsonhowtogetpreparedforuniversitylife.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

“ZhangWei”instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

48Directions:

writing,youshould:

1)interpretthechartand

2)giveyourcomments

youshouldwriteatleast150wrods

writeyouressayonanswersheet2(15points)

2011英语二参考答案

1．A2．C3．B4．D5．D6．B7．A8．C9．C10．B

11．D12．B13．A14．C15．A16．A17．D18．A19．C20．D

21-25BDCAD26-30DBCAA31-35CDCDB36-40BCBAD

41.E42.D43.C44.B45.G

参考答案

从全球范围来看，有谁会想到IT行业释放的温室气体与全球航空公司产生的一样多呢？它大约占总二氧化碳总排量

的2%。

许多日常工作对环境造成了令人震惊的破坏。根据每次你搜索并得到正确答案的尝试次数，谷歌会排放0.2至7克的

二氧化碳。为了迅速将结果传递给用户，谷歌在全球设置了大量充斥着能量巨大的电脑的数据中心。这些电脑在排

放大量二氧化碳的同时，也产生大量的能量。因此，这些数据中心需要良好的空调降温，这又会同时产生大量的能

量。

然而，谷歌和其他技术提供商严密检测他们的效果并不断进行改进。监控是减排的第一步，但这仍任重道远，且不

仅只由大公司来承担。

小作文参考答案

Dearfriend,

IamwritingtocongratulateyouonyourbeingsuccessfullyadmittedtoHarvardUniversity,which

enjoysaninternationalreputationforitsacademicexcellenceandgiveyousomesuggestionsastohowto

makepreparationforthecomingcollegelife.

Inorderforyoutoadaptyourlftotheuniversitylife,youareadvidtogetpreparedphysicallyand

ndforemost,youneedtobuildastrongbodyforthefutureacademicpursuit,soyou

ly,sincethestudyinuniversityismoredemandingthan

inyourcondaryschool,youarehighlysuggestedtofindsomeintroductorybooksfromthelibrarysoas

oursoundability,you

aresuretohaveasuccessfulcollegelife.

Congratulateyouagainandwishyouafruitfulcollegelife.

Sincerelyyours,

ZhangWei

DearMing,

Congratulations!fortsandcommitment

thehonorofourfamily.

ndforemost,youneedto

improveyourcommunicationbecauyouwillmeetdifferentpeoplewithdifferentpersonalitiesincampus.

Moreover,readingsomereferencebookswillhelpyoutoaccumulatemoreknowledgeandterms,which

boostyourcompetitivenessincampus.

Onceagaincongratulateforyourachievement!

Yourssincerely,

ZhangWei

大作文参考答案

Asisshowninthebarchartabove,dramaticchangeshavetakenplaceintheautosmarketshares

withintwoyears(from2008to2009).Themostobviouschangewasthemarketshareofnationalbrand,

whichhadincreadnearlyby10%,whileJapan’sautosmarketsharedecreadroughlyby10%.The

percentageoftheUSautosremainedstablebetween2008and2009.

TherearenumerousreasonsaccountingforthephenomenonandIwouldliketoexploreafewofthe

ll,asthedevelopmentoftechniqueandknowledgeinnativecompanies,

ore,thenationalpeople

’more,anoverwhelmingmajorityof

peoplehavebeenaffectedbythecountrypatriotismideology,partlyowingtosomeactionsofJapan

y,ToyotabrakeerroraccidentssignificantlyaffectsJapaneautos’

onally,Fuel

pricnotdifficultto

obrvetheirsteadyperformance.

Badonwhathasbeendiscusdabove,wemayreasonablyconcludethatthetendencydescribedin

lly,governmentcouldoffermorefriendlypoliciesto

Chinaautosmanufacturerstoencouragequalityimprovementandtechnologyinnovation.

2012年研究生入学考试真题及解析

Section1UofEninglish

Directions:

mindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmerican

militaryadventurism,butthat’enandwomenwho1)inWorldWarIIand

thepeopletheyliberated,2)mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhis

home,theguywho3)alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe4)offood

andshelter,snotavolunteersoldier,not

someonewellpaid,5)anaverageguy,up6)thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemies

enincenturies.

amilitaryabbreviation7)GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthe

article8)?Acommonnameforaguywhonever9)w,Joe

Magrac…tedStateshas10)hadapresidentorvicepresidentorcretaryof

stateJoe.

a(11)careerfightingGerman,Japane,rsasa

character,ora(12)ofamericanpersonalities,,badonthelast

thesoldiersPyle(13)

wasfamousforcoveringthe(14)sideofthewarl,writingaboutthedirt-snow–and-mudsoldiers,nothow

manymileswere(15)orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,Hisreports(16)the“willie”cartoonsof

n(17)thedirtandexhaustionofwar,the(18)of

civilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachotherandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,

sleep.(19)Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,anyAmericansoldier,(20)themost

importantpersonintheirlives.

1.[A]performed[B]rved[C]rebelled[D]betrayed

2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal

3.[A]bore[B]cad[C]removed[D]loaded

4.[A]necessities[B]facilitice[C]commodities[D]propertoes

5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence

6.[A]for[B]into[C]form[D]against

7.[A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming

8.[A]handedout[B]turnover[C]broughtback[D]pasddown

9.[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed

10.[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither

11.[A]disguid[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished

12.[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony

13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned

14.[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human

15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained

16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted

17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired

18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advancea

19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond

20.[A]onthecontrary[B]bythismeans[C]fromtheoutt[D]atthatpoint

SectionIIResdiongComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,ur

answersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentyearsit

districtsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,are

unately,dhasproducedaninflexible

policywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcours,homeworkmaynolongercount

formorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.

Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmight

nly,nohomework

hedistrictisntially

givingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoing

riskilyclototheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.

Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofschooling:teachersareallowedto

hhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,

studentscaneasilys

studentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswho

performedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?

ratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposaflat,

across-the-boardrule.

Atthesametime,

districtfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents’academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduce

oreliminatetheassignments,ly,ifhomeworkdoes

nothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewand

correct.

Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsiblefortting

educationalpolicy,dto

dohomeworkright.

pliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework_____.

[A]isreceivingmorecriticism

[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual

[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcours

[D]isgainingmorepreferences

dhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecaupoorstudents_____.

[A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation

[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard

[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework

[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework

ingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay____.

[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework

[B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards

[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests

[D]restrictteachers'powerineducation

ionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkiswhether______.

[A]itshouldbeeliminated[B]itcountsmuchinschooling

[C]itplacextraburdensonteachers[D]itisimportantforgrades

bletitleforthistextcouldbe______.

[A]WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy

[B]AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents

[C]ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework

[D]AFaultyApproachtoHomework

Text2

Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememerbeingsoobsdwiththecolour,yetitispervasivein

ouryounggirls’tthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,

thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusgirls’identitytoappearance.

Thenitprentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutas

garound,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’lives

andinterests.

Girls’attractiontopinkmayemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJo

Paoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,enwerenotcolour-codedatalluntil

theearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapractical

matter,’smore,bothboysandgirlswore

rrycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactually

consideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,,

withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,otuntil

themid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandxdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,

thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefined

themasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.

Ihadnotrealidhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokins,

edthatpha

wassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofrearchintochildren’sbehaviour:ut,

acdordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularidasamarketingtrickby

clothingmanufacrurersinthe1930s.

Tradepublicationscounlleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasales,theyshouldcreatea

“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’nlyafter“toddler”becamea

commonshoppers’ingkids,or

adults,oftheeasiestwaysto

gmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.

ng"itis...therainbow"(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink______.

[A]shouldnotbethesolereprentationofgirlhood

[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence

[C]cannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination

[D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests

ingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours？

[A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA.

[B]Blueudtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.

[C]Pinkudtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.

[D]Whiteispreferedbybabies.

horsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluenced

by_____.

[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren

[B]theobrvationofchildren'snature

[C]rearchesintochildren'sbehavior

[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption

earnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvidto_____.

[A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes

[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders

[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups

[D]createsomecommonshoppers'terms

econcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkemstobe____.

[A]clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency

[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers

[C]mainlyimpodbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen

[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexperts

Text3

aljudgeshookAmerica'ieshadwonpatentsfor

isolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%arch2010ajudge

technologyIndustry

Organisation(BIO)，atradegroup，assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminarystep”inalonger

battle.

OnJuly29ththeywererelieved，alappealscourtoverturnedtheprior

decision，rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman's

efexecutiveofMyriad，acompanyinUtah，saidtherulingwasablessingto

firmsandpatientsalike.

Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalidmedicine，thecourtswillremainratherbusy.

TheMyriadcaitlfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents：a

geneisaproductofnature，soitmaynotbepatented；genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthan

rewardit；andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad'ngnumber

berthe

DepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadca，arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessa

productofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenparatedfromcottoneds.”

Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision，mple，itisunclear

whetherthequemay

yetreachtheSupremeCourt.

AStheindustryadvances,however,iesare

unlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostarealreadypatentedorinthepublic

renowstudyinghowgenesintcract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeudtodetermine

thecausofdiaorpredictadrug’fficacy,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor‘connectingthe

dits’,expaainshanssauer,alawyerfortheBIO.

Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheMayoClinic,whichthe

rtcentlyheldaconventionwhichincludedddionsto

etingwaspacked.

elearnedfromparagraphIthatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike-----

toruleoutgenepatenting

toissueawarning

hoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat----

ctestsarenotreliable

n-madeproductsarepatentable

songenesdependmuchoninnovatiaon

shouldrestrictaccesstogenetictests

ingtohanssauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor----

eringgeneinteractions

fyinghumanDNA

34．Bysaying“eachmeetingwaspacked”(line4,para6)theauthormeansthat-----

remecourtwasauthoritative

wasapowerfulorganization

tentingwasagreatconcern

swerekeentoattendconventiongs

llyspeaking,theauthor’sattitudetowardgenepatentingis----

tive

ive

Text4

Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,itends,

itwillimately,itis

likelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourculture,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears.

Noonetriesharderid

thatunemployment,whileextremelypainful,hadimprovedtheminsomeways;theyhadbecomeless

materialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent;ted

respects,eryleast,ithasawokenusfromour

nationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhous,andputanecessaryendtoaneraofreckless

personalspending.

Butforthemostpart,thebenefitsemthin,uncertain,oralConquencesof

EconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFriedmanarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidethe

U.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomicstagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spirited

andlessinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedorreverdtheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms.

Anti-immigrantntimenttypicallyincreas,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandclass.

Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone,.Indeed,thisperiod

ofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,anddecreaopportunitiestocrossthem---especially

earchofTillVonWachter,theeconomistinColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhat

notallpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionetheirlifechancesdimmed:thowithdegreesfromelite

universitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwiwouldhavebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbetter

times;itisthemassbeneaththemthatareleftbehind.

Intheinternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoetherentmentthathasalwaysbeenhiddenwinthin

fficult,inthemoment,isdiscerningprecilyhowtheleantimesareaffecting

society’respects,esociallytolerantenteringthisressionthanatany

timeinitshistory,andavarie

willhavycertainlyit,

andallthemoresothelongertheyextend.

ng“tofindsilverlinings”（Line1,Para.2）theauthorsuggestthatthejoblesstryto___.

[A]eksubsidiesfromthegovemment

[B]explorereasonsfortheunermployment

[C]makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy

[D]lookonthebrightsideoftherecession

ingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople_____.

[A]realizethenationaldream[B]struggleagainsteachother

[C]challengetheirlifestyle[D]reconsidertheirlifestyle

inFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessionsmay_____.

[A]impoaheavierburdenonimmigrants

[B]bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature

[C]Promotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms

[D]eaconflictsbetweenracesandclass

earchofTillVonWachthersuggeststhatinrecessiongraduatesfromeliteuniversitiestendto

_____.

[A]lagbehindtheothersduetodecreadopportunities

[B]catchupquicklywithexperiencedemployees

[C]etheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers’

[D]recovermorequicklythantheothers

horthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis____.

[A]certain[B]positive

[C]trivial[D]destructive

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthat

retwoextrachoicesintheright

uranswersonANSWERSHEERT1.(10points)

“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomthe

HistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”,notany

moreitisnot.

Suddenly,uldbenomore

thanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:less

concerne,wewantempathy,

notinspiration.

FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylives

1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus–OnFamousMen,

highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)chcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconquering

sthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonits

rince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyand

justice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.

Overtime,anticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersand

authorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist'

contrast,theVictorianauthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesof

engineers,industrialistsandexplores."Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerof

lf-help,ifpatientpurpo,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformulationoftruly

nobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,"wroteSmiles."whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishfor

himlf"HisbiographiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeacons

toguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.

ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocudhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclives

ofMartinLuther,pochalfiguresreprentedliveshard

toimitate,buttobeacknowledgedasposssinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.

m,historydidnothing,itpossdnoimmenwealthnorwaged

battles:“Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassand

,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsand

:“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjust

astheyplea;theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschonbythemlves,butundercircumstances

directlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”

eofThomasCarlyle,

BritainnurturedChristopherHill,yfrombelowstoodalongside

ewrealmsofunderstanding—fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies—

ransformedpublichistorytoo:

downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.

[A]emphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroes.

ch[B]highlightedthepublicgloryoftheleading

artists.

oMachiavellli[C]focudonepochalfigureswholives

werehardtoimitate

Smiles[D]openedupnewrealmsofunderstandingthe

greatmeninhistory.

Carlyle[E]heldthathistoryshouldbethestoryofthe

massandtheirrecordofstruggle.

dEngels[F]dismisdvirtueasunnecessaryfor

successfulleaders.

[G]depictedtheworthylivesofengineer

industrialistsandexplorers.

SectionIIITranslation

ions:

ourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15

points)

Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedatthe

prospectoftherbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthe

developedworld,ThearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritian,CanadaandAustraliatryto

attractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.

Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularly

rveyofIndianhouholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshad

morethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%

"braindrain"haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries,Theyfearthatithurtstheir

economies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheir

universities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

ions

Suppoyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyouboughtfroman

onlinstoretheotherday,Writeanemailtothecustomerrvicecenterto

1)makeacomplaintand

2)demandapromptsolution

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERESHEET2

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,U"zhangwei"instead.

PartB

ions

writingyoushould

1)describethetable,and

2)giveyourcomments

Youshouldwriteatleast150words(15points)

某公司员工工作满意度调查

年龄-------满意度满意不清楚不满意

小于等于40岁16.7%50.0%33．3%

41-50岁0.0%36.0%64.0%

大于50岁40.050.0%10.0%

2012考研英语二参考答案

1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B11.D12.B13.C14.D15.B

16.A17.C18.B19.B20.D21.A22.C23.A24.B25.D26.A27.B28.A29.C30.C

31.C32.B33.A34.D35.D36.D37.D38.B39.D40.A

41-45：AFGCE

小作文范文：

DearSirorMadame,

Asoneoftheregularcustomersofyouronlinestore,Iamwritingthislettertoexpressmycomplaint

againsttheflawsinyourproduct—anelectronicdictionaryIboughtinyourshoptheotherday.

unately,Ifoundthatthereare

nwith,whenIopenedit,Idetectedthattheappearanceofithadbeenscratched.

Secondly,Ididnotfindthebatterypromidintheadvertimentpostedonthehomepageofyourshop,

wor,someofthekeysonthe

keyboarddonotwork.

Istronglyrequestthatasatisfactoryexplanationbegivenandeffectivemeasuresshouldbetakento

eitherndanewonetomeorrefundme

mymoneyinfull.

Iamlookingforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.

Sincerelyyours,

ZhangWei

大作文范文：

ponthedataofthe

table,mostpeopleunder40areunclearordissatisfiedwiththeirjob,and64%ofthobetween40to50,

pleover50,thedegreeofsatisfactionlargely

exceedstheothergroups,amountingto40%.

,middle-agedpeoplefacemorepressure

tosupportthefamily,boththechildrenandthenior,,the

niorcitizenshasdevelopedalotinpersonality,sotheyaremorepronetoetheoptimisticaspectsofthe

,theconclusionthatthecurrentsocietypatternspomorechallengestothemiddleagedgroup

under50.

Tosumup,theniorcitizennjoysmorecontentthantheyoungandmiddle-agedpeopleunder50.