考研英语一

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____年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:thebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points).

In1924America'sNationalRearchCouncilnttwoengineerstosupervia

riesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledthe

dtheywouldlearnhowstop-floor

lighting____1____workers'd,thestudiended____2____

givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect",theextremelyinfluentialideathatthe

verytobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.

Theideaarobecauofthe____4____behaviorofthewomeninthe

ingto____5____oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutput

rowhenlightingwasincread,ot____6____

whatwasdoneintheexperiment;____7____somethingwaschanged,productivity

ro.A(n)____8____thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponemedtobe

____9____toalterworkers'behavior____10____itlf.

Afterveraldecades,thesamedatawere____11____toeconometricthe

rneexperimentshasanothersurpristore____12____the

descriptionsonrecord,nosystematic____13____wasfoundthatlevelsof

productivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.

1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored

2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off

3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof

4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous

5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]asssments

6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work

7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incathat[D]solongas

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8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]ntiment[D]illusion

9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by

12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]peculiarto

13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source

14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading

15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconquence[D]Asusual

16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly

17.[A]failed[B]cead[C]started[D]continued

20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:thequestionsbeloweachtext

bychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduring

thepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorable

declineinthescopeandriousnessoftheirartscoverage.

Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageof

fortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmost

nsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsof

criticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.

Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswere

oncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.

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Weareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocudnewspaperreviewspublished

inEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,ata

timewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredan

efar-offdays,itwastaken

forgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabout

wasariousbusiness,andeventhoreviewers

whoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,could

enbelievedinjournalismasa

calling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshave

brainnoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”

Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘atermofcontempt

appliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.’”

Unfortunately,eCardus,whowrotefor

theManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnow

hislifetime,though,

hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidely

admiredthathisAutobiography(1947)nightedin

1967,yoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,

andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.

IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospect

listictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,and

postmodernreadershavelittleufortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproin

er,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeenin

headlongretreat.

dicatedinParagraphs1and2that

[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.

[B]English-languagenewspapersudtocarrymoreartsreviews.

[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.

[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.

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perreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby

[A]freethemes.[B]casualstyle.[C]elaboratelayout.[D]radical

viewpoints.

fthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagree

on?

[A]Itiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals

[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.

[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.

[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.

nbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.

[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.

[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.

[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.

uldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers

[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory

Text2

TheBilskicainvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskinthe

eralcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthattheca

wouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt'sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,

andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould"reconsider"itsstate

streetBankruling.

ss-methodpatentshaverecentlyaroudconcernbecauof

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[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness[B]theirconnectionwithast

allocation

[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting[D]thecontroversyover

authorization

fthefollowingistrueoftheBilskica?

[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction

[C]IthasbeendismisdbytheFederalCircuit

[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.

d"about-face"(Line1,Para3)mostprobablymeans

[A]lossofgoodwill[B]increaofhostility

[C]changeofattitude[D]enhancementofdignity

nfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents

[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued

[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders[D]increatheincidenceofrisks

fthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?

[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents

[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders

[C]Alegalcaregardingbusiness-methodpatents

[D]Aprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodpatents

Text3

Therearchers'argumentstemsfromasimpleobrvingaboutsocialinfluence,

withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whooutsizeprence

isprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence—eventhemost

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influentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'

itisprecilythenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flow

theory,aresuppodtodrivesocialepidemicsbyinfluencingtheirfriendsand

cialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffected,

musttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,

andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthepeoplehaslittle

leinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremoved

fromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplefromtheinitialinfluential

proveresistant,forexamplethecascadeofchangewon'tpropagateveryfaroraffect

manypeople.

Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,therearchers

studiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingof

populations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople'sabilityto

kshowsthatthe

principalrequirementforwhatwecall"globalcascades"–thewidespread

propagationofinfluencethroughnetworks–istheprencenotofafewinfluentials

but,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople,eachofwhomadopts,say,a

lessofhow

influentialanindividualislocally,heorshecanexertglobalinfluenceonlyifthis

criticalmassisavailabletopropagateachainreaction.

ngthebookTheTippingPoint,theauthorintendsto

[A]analyzetheconquencesofsocialepidemics

[B]discussinfluentials'functioninspreadingideas

[C]exemplifypeople'sintuitiverespontosocialepidemics

[D]describetheesntialcharacteristicsofinfluentials.

horsuggeststhatthe"two-step-flowtheory"

[A]rvesasasolutiontomarketingproblems[B]hashelpedexplaincertain

prevalenttrends

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[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials[D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity

erearchershaveobrvedrecentlyshowsthat

[A]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions

[B]interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia

[C]influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic

[D]mostcelebritienjoywidemediaattention

erlinedphra"thepeople"inparagraph4referstotheones

who

[A]stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence

[B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence

[C]areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers[D]areinfluencedbytheinitial

influential

theesntialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?

[A]Theeagernesstobeaccepted[B]Theimpultoinfluence

others

[C]Thereadinesstobeinfluenced[D]Theinclinationtorelyon

others

Text4

the

scenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneel:theaccountingstandard-tters.

Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormousloss,andit's

ulessaytheymustvaluesomeastsatthepriceathirdparty

wouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.

Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastly

heyarguethatmarketpricesoverstateloss,becau

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theylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbad

k'ssharestradebelowtheir

bookvalue,dmarketspartlyreflect

theparalysisofbankswhichwillnotllastsforfearofbookingloss,yetare

reluctanttobuyallthosuppodbargains.

[A]followunfavorableastevaluationrules[B]collectpaymentsfromthird

parties

[C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers[D]reevaluatesomeoftheir

asts.

ingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin

[A]thediminishingroleofmanagement[B]therevivalofthebanking

system

[C]thebanks'long-termastloss[D]theweakeningofits

independence

ingtoParagraph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASB'sattemptto

[A]keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences.[B]evadethepressurefromtheir

peers.

[C]actontheirowninrule-tting.[D]takegradualmeasuresin

reform.

horthinksthebankswere"onthewrongplanet"inthatthey

[A]misinterpretedmarketpriceindicators

[B]exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirasts

[C]neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts.

[D]deniedbookinglossintheirsaleofasts.

hor'sattitudetowardsstandard-ttersisoneof

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[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness[D]sympathy

PartB

Directions:ForQuestions41-45,choothemostsuitableparagraphsfromthe

aphE

soneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[C]Willsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefood

anddrinkmarket?ctioningofthemarketisbadonflexible

rwords,itisuptothebuyer,rather

thantheller,ate,thischangewillultimatelybe

acclaimedbyanever-growingnumberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumers,

regardlessofhowlongthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold.

[G]However,noneoftherequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailers(andeven

somelargegoodproducersandexistingwholesalers)fromtryingtheirhand,for

thothatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderable

gains.

41→42→43→44→E→45

PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

anslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWER

SHEET2.(10points)

Whenoneofthenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappento

eginningofcentury

songbirdsweresuppodtobedisappearing.(46)Scientistsjumpedtotherescue

withsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinctswouldeatusupifbirds

dencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.

nolandethic

yet,(47)butwehaveatleastdrawnnearthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshould

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continueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessoftheprenceorabnceof

economicadvantagetous.

Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsandfish-eatingbirds.

(48)Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverwordedtheevidencethatthe

creaturesprervethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthatthey

preyonlyon"worthless"species.

SectionⅢWriting

PartA

ions:

Youaresuppodtowriteforthepostgraduateassociationanoticetorecruit

volunteersforaninternationalconferenceonglobalization,youshouldconcludethe

basicqualificationofapplicantandtheotherinformationyouthinkrelative.

ignyourownnameattheendofthe

"postgraduateassociation"instead.

PartB

ions:

essay,

youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHWERSHEET2.(20points)

____年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案

SectionI:UofEnglish(10points)

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)

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PartA(40points)

PartB(10points)

PartC(10points)

46.科学____们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救，其____意是：如

果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。

47.但我们至少几乎也承认这样一点：不管鸟类是否给我们带来经济上的好

处，但鸟类作为生物其固有的权利应该继续存在。

48.曾几何时，生物学____们有点过度使用这个证据，即这些物种通过杀死

体质弱者来保持猎物的正常繁衍或者这些生物捕杀的仅仅是毫无价值的物种。

49.在欧洲，林业在生态方面更加发达，无商业价值的树种被看作是原生森

林群落的一部分，而得到合理的保护。

50.这一系统易于忽视，因而最终会消除掉这个土地共同体里的许多要素

(成员)，虽然这些要素(成员)缺乏商业价值，但这些要素(成员)对这个共同体的

健康运行来说是必要的。

SectionIII:Writing(30points)

PartA(10points)

51.参考范文

VolunteersWanted/Needed

Atprentwewillrecruit10volunteerstoworkasassistantsforthisconference.

hocanspeakanother

tiontothe

languageskills,thovolunteersareexpectedtobepatient,helpful,open-minded

unteerswillbeprovidedfreethreemealsadayaswellas

transportationfromandbacktotheconferencesite。

Wearesincerelywaitingforyoutojoinus!

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Postgraduates’Association

PartB(20points)52.参考范文

Inmypersonaln,Chinenationalcultureaspricelessspiritualtreasure

ile，therearegoodreasonstoembrace

foreignculturesonthegroundthatthoideasfromotherculturescanprovide

r，

confrontedwithadifferentculture，weshouldbensibleenoughtoabsorbits

thiswaycanwepromotecultural

integrationpositively,thusmakingourmotherlanddimensional,colorfuland

vigorous.(298words)