动词ing形式(动名词)的形式及用法
【本讲教育信息】
一.教学内容:
动词ing形式(动名词)的形式及用法
的形式:doing;beingdone
做主语,表语和宾语。
与todo在动词后面做宾语的区别
二.知识总结归纳:
(一)动词ing形式起名词作用,在语法中也称做动名词.在
句中做主语,宾语,表语和定语。它的基本形式有doing;being
done。
例句:
gisdifficultintheshoppingcenterofthecity.
ritejobisteachingEnglish.
nhobbyiscollectingstamps.
gthiswillbeshuttingone’yestofact.
styoushouldpractispeakingEnglishwheneveryou
can.
gwhatIsaid,hecouldn’thelplaughing.
ethatcarbeingrepaired?
注:todo形式也可以做主语或表语。一般情况下,这两种形
式做主语或表语,差别不是很大。但是如果刻意强调某个具
体的动作,就用todo形式,而要表示一般性或泛指的动作
则用doing形式。
例如:
fficulttoparkintheshoppingcenterattheweekend.
istotakecareofthebabywhilesheisout.
(二)在一些动词后面只能接动名词做宾语。后面跟doing
做宾语的常见动词有:admit;advi;appreciate;avoid;
complete;consider;deny;mention;mind;miss;prevent;delay;
enjoy;escape;imagine;postpone;practi;risk;suggest;常见的
动名词短语,如:beworthdoing;can’thelpdoing;look
forwardtodoing;goondoing;insistondoing;preferdoingto
doing;bebusydoing;keepondoing;devote…todoing;
spend…indoing;havedifficultyindoing;haveagood
timedoing;prevent…fromdoing
kingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
evotedhimlftoprotectingthewildlife.
yingtoavoidansweringmyquestion.
udmandeniedeverhavingmether.
stedonndingfordoctoratonce.
miswellwortheing.
’timaginethedifficultywehadmakinga
littlemoney.
(三)doing形式的逻辑主语:当强调doing所表达的动作的
执行者(逻辑主语)时,需要在doing前面加上物主代词,
人称代词宾格,名词所有格或不定代词
例句:
1.I’msurpridatyour/youdoingit.
istedontheirbothacceptingtheinvitation.
indmyopeningthewindow?
ingrightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeing
wrong.
ldrenarelookingforwardtospringcoming.
pprovedofthatbeingsaidaboutJane.
complainedaboutTomandMarycomingtoclass
late.
(四)doing与todo在动词后面做宾语的区别:
remember/forgettodo:记住/忘记了去做某事
Don’tforgettodosth.=remembertodosth.
regrettodo:遗憾地去做/说regret
doing:后悔做了某事
meantodo=wanttodomean
doing意味着做
stoptodo:停下来去做stop
doing停止/不去做
trytodo:试图/努力/企图去做try
doing:尝试用一种方法做
goontodo接着去做另一件事goon
doing:继续把事情做下去
例句:
’tforgettomailthislettertomorrowmorning.
’trememberhavingsaidanythingofthesort.
ttosaythatyouhavefailedintheexam.
dtowalkwithoutacrutch.
ontotellusabouttheaccident.
【典型例题】
一.单项选择:
hopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp____
intobuysomethingtheydon’treallyneed.
dingC.
uaded
分析:题意为:进店购物,人们有时不得不被购买不想买的
东西。can’thelpdoing不得不,禁不住做某事。主语
people与persuade为被动关系,所以应用beingdone。
答案:C
partsofLondon,missingabusmeans____for
anotherhour.
iting
分析:根据句意:错过一班车意味着要再等上一个小时。意
味着作某事:meandoing。
答案:A
yofus_____,say,ameetingthatisnotimportantto
uswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?
ing
tended
分析:根据句意:比如说,我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重
要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢?us_____,
say,ameetingthatisnotimportanttous作为动名词短语做of
的宾语。
答案:B
4.—WhatshouldIdowiththispassage?
—___themainideaofeachparagraph.
t
out
分析:问句中should用与征求建议,答语中应当是祈使句语
气提出要求。
答案:C
’tunderstand___herlikethat.
atB,youtotreatC.
ating
分析:understand后面接动名词做宾语.you为动名词treating
的逻辑主语。
答案:D
ell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhe
couldn’trisk__thegoodopportunity.
C.
ost
分析:risk后面跟动名词做宾语。
答案:B
二.短文改错:
erhead,shesaid,“Itisn’tagoodtime
todothat,dear.”
分析:根据句意,shakeherhead为后一句的伴随状语,
答案:Shake应改为Shaking
’slikegoingtoahugelibrarywithouthavetowalk
aroundtofind.
分析:without是介词,后面应接doing形式。
答案:have应改为having
apleasanttripandeyouFriday.
分析:根据句意,本句是祈使句,
答案:Having应改为Have
egantoenjoytalktomylfon
paper……
分析:enjoy后面跟doing形式
答案:talk应改为talking
【模拟试题】(答题时间:60分钟)
一.单项选择:
’tyouthinkthequestion_____atthemomentis
ofgreatimportance.
iscusd
d
scusd
uss
d_____atthemomentisforthedinnerparty.
cooked
ooked
kedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered___at
theparty,butnot____.
ve;ve;to
leave
ng;ng;to
leave
yappreciate____torelaxwithyouonthisisland.
time
ngtime
deuphismindtodevoteallhehadto__
someschoolsforpoorchildren.
gup
tup
insist____ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimI
livednearby.
ing
’samanatthereceptiondeskwhoemsvery
angryandIthinkhemeans__trouble.
made
lbeawayforatleastayear,I’dappreciate
____fromyounowandthen___mehoweveryoneisgetting
along.
g;;tell
g;;totell
二.完型填空:
Morethanfortythousandreaderstolduswhattheylookedfor
inclofriendship,whattheyexpected1friends,whatthey
werewillingtogivein2,andhowsatisfiedtheywere3
4givelittlecomfortto
ship5tobeadifferentformof6
marriageorthetiesthat7parentsand
children,other
socialrolesthatweareexpectedto9–ascitizens,
employees,membersofprofessionalsocietiesand10
organizations–ithasitsownrule,whichistodevelop
11ofwarmth,13
findings14thattopicsoftrustandbetrayalare15to
sosuggestthat
ourreadersdonot16forfriendsonlyamongthowho
are17likethem,butfindmany18differinrace,
religion,lythemostimportant19
thatappearsinthearticle,20,isnotsomethingthatwe
found--butwhatwe
didnot.
ationsD.
ends
s
lD.
attract
.
play
.
tho
gsD.
relations
.
for
ptionD.
wish
l
.
less
.
friends
onD.
demand
.
yet
三.阅读理解:
uyFlorida
orangesorCaliforniashirts,Inaturallywanttopayindollars.
ngegrowerandtheshirtmanufacturerare
anbe
ictransactionswithinacountryare
relativelysimple.
IfIwanttobuyaBritishbicycle,however,mattersbecome
ltimatelypayinBritishmoney,or
"Britishpounds,”rly,ifthe
ndi,theymustobtainU.S.
requirementtoobtainforeigncurrenciesbolds
forothercountriesaswell.
Wee,then,thatinternationaltradeintroducesanewelement:
theforeignexchangerate,whichdenotesthepriceofaforeign
country'scurrencyintermsofourown.
Herearesomeexamples:priceofaBritish
poundwasrecently$I.80;foraBritishresidentwantingtobuy
,thepriceofadollarwas?1/$1.80=?s
sandthe
currencyofeachandeverycountry,Inmid—1988,theforeign
exchangeratewas60centsforaGermanmark,18centsfora
Frenchfranc,80centsforaCanadiandollar,and0.8centfora
eignersdesiringtobuydollars,the
reciprocalpriceswere1.67Germanmarks.5.56Frenchfrancs,
1.25Canadiandollars,.
Giventheforeignexchangerate,itisnowpossibleformeto
eitsquotedpriceis,?100(i.e.,
100Britishpounds).AllIhavetodoislookinthenewspaper
is$1.80per
pound,Isimplygotoabankwith$180andaskthatthemoney
hwhat?The
bankpayswithpounds,ofcour,thekindofmoneythe
exporterneeds.
YoushouldbeabletoshowwhatBritishimportersofAmerican
grainhavetodoiftheywanttobuy,saya$36,000shipment
undsmustbeconvertedinto
lethat,whentheforeignexchangerateis
$1.80perpound,thegrainshipmentcoststhem?20,000.
Businessandtouristsdonothavetoknowanythingmorethan
true
economicsofforeignexchangeratescannotbegraspeduntilwe
findoutwhytheforeignexchangerateisatagivenlevel.
einferredthatthewriteris.
e.D.
French.
meantbythethirdparagraph?
eignexchangerateisanelementcomingwith
internationaltradedealingwithforeigncountries’
currency.
ationaltradeintroducestheclementoftheforeign
exchangerateindicatingaforeigncurrencyatourownprice
eignexchangerateisanewelementininternational
tradeindicatingthepriceofacountry'scurrencyintermsofthe
priceofanothercountry'scurrency.
eignexchangerateisanelementintroducedtodenote
thepriceofaforeigncurrencyintermsofthepriceofanother
foreigncurrency.
—1988,howmuchdollarsdidonehavetohavein
ordertoexchangefor10,000,000Japaneyen?
A.8,000,000B.80,000C.800,000D.80,000,000
Britishimportershavetodoiftheywanttobuy
$36,000worthofgrainfromanAmericanexporter?
vetopayBritishpoundsdirectly.
vetopayFrenchfrancs.
vetoconvert36,sinto20,000British
pounds.
vetoconvert20,000Britishpoundsinto36,000U.S.
dollars.
tparagraphimpliesthatbusinessandtourists
avetoknowthetrueeconomiesofforeignexchange
rates.
avetoknowmorethetrueeconomicsofforeign
exchangerates.
knownothingmorethaneconomicsofforeign
exchangerates.
avetograspthetrueeconomicsofforeignexchange
ratesatagivenlevel.【试题答案】
一.单项选择:
estion_____atthemoment指此刻正在被讨论
的问题。beingdone做定语指:正在被……的事。
2.D正在被做的食物。beingdone做定语指:正在被
……的事。
3.D当受到警察的询问时,他说他记得到过那个晚会,
但是没有离开过。rememberdoing:记得做过某事。remember
todo:记得没有做…
ciatedoingsth.做某事不胜感激。
e….todoing:致力于做某事。决定
倾其所有为贫困儿童建立学校。
tondoingsth.:坚持做某事。
7.B我想他想要惹麻烦。meantodosth:想要做某事;mean
doing:意味着做某事
8.C我将非常高兴收到你的来信并且告诉我你的情况。
appreciatedoingsth.:感激做某事
二.完型填空:
相当于“from”。
urn:“作为回报”。
3.C“besatisfiedwith”表示“对
……满意”。
4.A“result”意为“结果”。
r意为“好像”。
是一个形容词表“人类的”。
7.A“join”表示联系连接。
8.B从上下文可知是通过法律来制约。
9.D“playsrole”表“扮演角色,起
……作用”。
10.C“other”表“其它的”。
11.C“feelings”意为“感情”。
12.A两者之间用“between”。
13.B“article”表“文章”。
14.C“prove”意为“证明”。
15.D“central”意为“中心的、主要的
”
16.D“lookfor”意为“寻找”。
17.B“morelike”意为“更像
……”。
18.B“who”引导一个定语从句。
19.D“demand”意为“要求”。
20.B从上下文可知,是一种转折关系。
三.阅读理解:
1.B在第一段中作者说,当他购买佛里达的橘子或加利福
尼亚的衬衫,他当然想用美金支付。这说明作者是个美国人。
2.C第三段的意思是:国际贸易引入丁“外汇兑换率
”这一概念,它指的是用一个国家自己的货币价格表
示一种外国货币的价格,只有C表达了这层意思。
3.B第四段告诉我们,在1988年,美金与日元的兑换率是
0.08:l。所以,一千万日元可兑换八万美金。
4.D第六段告诉我们,如果英国进口商要从美国进口一批
价值36,000美金的粮食,需要20,000英镑。第二句句子说,
英镑必须兑换成美金。因此,只有D是正确答案。
5.A最后一段第一个句子中的this指以上几段关于外汇
兑换的内容。第二个句子的意思是:然而,不了解外汇:兑
换的定位标准,是无法掌握外汇兑换率经济学的真谛的。与
上一句连起来理解,就是说,生意人和旅游者只要懂得上面
提到的关于外汇兑换的知识就足够了,不用去懂得外汇兑换
率经济学。
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