大学英语四级真题

大学英语四级真题解析及参考答案

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutesto

writeanewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavolunteeractivityorganizedbyyourStudent

uldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomore

than180words.

【参考范文】

OnJune14,Friday,avolunteeractivitywheremanystudentstookanactivepartinvisitingthelocal

NursingHouwasorganizedbytheStudentUnionanditturnsouttobeabigsuccess.

TheactivitywasaimedatencouragingstudentstovisittheelderlyattheNursingHouandhelp

udentsvolunteered

toparticipateinthisgooddeedandwereengagedinhelpingtheelderlyhereoutbymakingtheir

meals,kedaboutthovolunteers’feelings

aboutsuchanexperience,allofthemrespondedwithasmile,saying“whatawonderfulpracticeand

Ireallyappreciatethixperience,foritmakesmelearntocaremoreforothersinneed.”

Allinall,theactivityturnsouttobeasuccessnotonlyforthevisitedelderlybutforthostudents

involved.

【参考范文译文】

6月14日，星期五，学生会组织了一个参观当地敬老院的志愿活动，许多学生都积极参与其

中，该活动取得了巨大的成功。

此次志愿活动旨在拜访当地敬老院的老人们并对他们各个方面的困难提供帮助。许多学生主

动加入到此次善举当中，帮老人们洗衣做饭、谈心解闷，竭尽所能提供帮助。问及参与此次

活动的感想时，他们毫无例外地回道“真是太有意义了，很感谢这次经历，它让我懂得要去更

加关爱那些有困难的人”

总而言之，此次活动取得了巨大成功，不仅仅对那些老人来说受益多多，对于参与的学生来

说也是意义良多。

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionA

ThecenterofAmericanautomobileinnovationhasinthepastdecademoved2,

has26fromDetroittoSiliconValley,wherelf-drivingvehiclesarecomingintolife.

Ina27totakeproductionbacktoDetroit,Michiganlawmakershaveintroduced28thatcould

maketheirstatethebestplaceinthecountry,ifnottheworld,todeveloplf-drivingvehiclesand

putthemontheroad.

“Michigan’s29inautorearchanddevelopmentisunderattackfromveralstatesand

’tlethappen,”saysSenator

MikeKowall,thelead31offourbillsrecentlyintroduced.

Ifallfourbillspassaswritten,theywould32asubstantialupdateofMichigan’s2013lawthat

cturerwouldhavenearly

uldbeallowedtond

groupsoflf-drivingcarsoncross-stateroadtrips,andeventon-demand33oflf-drivingcars,

liketheoneGeneralMotorsandLyftarebuilding.

LawmakersinMichiganclearlywanttomakethestatereadyforthecommercialapplicationof

34,California,homeofSiliconValley,recentlypropodfar

more35rulesthatwouldrequirehumandriversbereadytotakethewheel,andcommercialuof

lf-drivingtechnology.

A)bidB)contrastC)deputyD)dominanceE)fleetsF)knotsG)legislationI)replace

J)reprentk)restrictiveL)rewardM)significantN)sponsorO)transmitted

【参考答案】26-30HAGDI31-35NJEBK

SectionB

HowWorkWillChangeWhenMostofUsLiveto100

ntheUnitedStatesthereare72,000centenarians（百岁老人）.Worldwide,Probably

450,enttrendscontinue,thenby2050therewillbemorethanamillionintheUS

ingtotheworkofProfessorJamesVaupelandhisco-rearchers,50%ofbabies

ythesameholdsforthe

UK,Germany,France,ItalyandCanada,andforJapan50%of2007babiescanexpecttolive

to107.

tandably,thereareconcernsaboutwhatthismeansforpublicfinancesgiventhe

hallengesarereal,andsocietyurgently

salsoimportanttolookatthewiderpictureofwhathappens

istaketosimplyequatelongevity(长寿)with

liveshaveimplicationsforalloflife,notjusttheendofit.

wisthatifmanypeoplearelivingforlonger,andarehealthierforlonger,thenthis

oplelivelonger,theyarenot

onlyolderforlonger,ssometruthinthesayingthat“70is

thenew60”or“40thenew30.”Ifyouagemoreslowlyoveralongertimeperiod,thenyou

areinsomenyoungerforlonger.

,forinstance,theageatwhichpeoplemake

commitmentssuchasbuyingahou,gettingmarried,havingchildren,orstartingacareer.

1962,50%of

2014,thatmilestone(里程碑)hadshiftedtoage29.

herearenumerousfactorsbehindtheshifts,onefactorissurelyagrowingrealization

saremorevaluablethelongertheycan

ubelieveyouwilllivelonger,thenoptionsbecomemorevaluable,andearly

ultisthatthecommitmentsthatpreviously

characterizedthebeginningofadulthoodarenowbeingdelayed,andnewpatternsofbehavior

andanewstageoflifeareemergingforthointheirtwenties.

ityalsopushesbacktheageofretirement,,

unlesspeoplearepreparedtosavealotmore,ourcalculationssuggestthatifyouarenowin

yourmid-40s,thenyouarelikelytoworkuntilyourearly70s;andifyouareinyourearly20s,

thereisarealchanceyouwillneedtoworkuntilyourlate70sorpossiblyevenintoyour80s.

Butevenifpeopleareabletoeconomicallysupportaretirementat65,overthirtyyearsof

potentialinactivityisharmfultocognitive(认知的)oplemay

simplynotwanttodoit.

ngthening

thatcondstageoffull-timeworkmaycurethefinancialastsneededfora100-yearlife,

butsuchpersistentworkwillinevitablyexhaustpreciousintangibleastssuchasproductive

skills,vitality,happiness,andfriendship.

possiblethatasingleshotofeducation,administeredin

childhoodandearlyadulthood,willbeabletosupportasustained,

factorintheprojectedratesoftechnologicalchange,eitheryourskillswillbecome

unnecessary,ansthateveryonewill,atsomepointintheir

life,havetomakeanumberofmajorreinvestmentsintheirskills.

slikely,then,thatthetraditionalthree-stagelifewillevolveintomultiplestages

containingtwo,three,thestagescouldpotentiallybe

hefocuscouldbeonbuildingfinancialsuccessandpersonalachievement,in

anotheroncreatingabetterwork/lifebalance,stillanotheronexploringandunderstanding

optionsmorefully,orbecominganindependentproducer,yetanotheronmakingasocial

tageswillspanctors,takepeopletodifferentcities,andprovide

Foundationforbuildingawidevarietyofskills.

J)Transitionsbetweenstagescouldbemarkedwithsabbaticals(休假)aspeoplefindtimrestand

rechargetheirhealth,re-investintheirrelationships,s,thebreaks

andtransitionswillbelf-determined,atotherstheywillbeforcedaxistingroles,firms,or

industriesceatoexist.

K）Amulti-stagelifewillhaveprofoundchangesnotjustinhowyoumanageyourcareer,butalso

easinglyimportantskillwillbeyourabilitytodealwithchangeand

-stagelifehasfewtransitions,

whybeinglf-aware,investinginbroadernetworksoffriends,andbeingopentonewideaswill

becomeevenmorecrucialskills.

L）Themulti-stageliveswillcreateextraordinaryvarietyacrossgroupsofpeoplesimplybecau

agesmeanmorepossiblequences.

M）ee-stagelife,

peopleleaveuniversityatthesametimeandthesameage,theytendtostarttheircareersandfamily

atthesameage,theyproceedthroughmiddlemanagementallroughlythesametime,andthenmove

ti-stagelife,youcouldbeanundergraduate

at20,40,or60;amanagerat30,50,or70;andbecomeanindependentproduceratanyage.

N）Currentlifestructures,careerpaths,educationalchoices,andsocialnormsareoutoftunewith

ee-stagelifeoffull-timeeducation,followedby

continuouswork,andthencompleteretirementmayhaveworkedforourparentsoreven

grandparents,evethattofocusonlongevityasprimarilyanissue

isaboutlivinglonger,beingolderlater,andbeingyoungerlonger.

ndedlifespaninthefuturewillallowpeopletohavemorecareersthannow.

tendingone’scareermayhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffects.

ys,manyAmericanshaveonaveragedelayedtheirmarriagebysomeeightyears.

eoftheirlongerlifespan,youngpeopletodaynolongerfollowthepatternoflifeoftheir

parentsorgrandparents.

repeoplewillbeexpectedtoliveover100bythemid-21stcentury.

rlifewillcauradicalchangesinpeople’sapproachtolife.

chnologicalchangemakesitnecessaryforonetoconstantlyupgradetheirskills.

oplemaynotwanttoretireearlybecauitwoulddoharmtotheirmentaland

emotionalwell-being.

linkbetweenageandstagemayceatoexistinamulti-stagelife.

livingalongerandhealthierlifewillhavetorearrangetheirworkandlife.

【参考答案】36-40IGDNA41-45KHFMC

SectionCPassageOneQuestions46to50arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Intheclassicmarriagevow（誓约）,

newstudyfindsthattheriskofdivorceamongoldercouplesriswhenthewife-notthe

husband—becomesriouslyill.

“Marriedwomendiagnodwitharioushealthconditionmayfindthemlvesstrugglingwiththe

impactoftheirdiawhilealsoexperiencingthestressofdivorce,”saidrearcherAmelia

Karraker.

Karrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamanalyzed20yearsofdataon2,717marriagesfromastudy

imeofthefirstinterview,atleastoneofthe

partnerswasovertheageof50.

Therearcherxaminedhowtheont（发生）offourriousphysicalillnessaffectedmarriages.

Theyfoundthat,overall,31%idence

ofnewchronic（慢性的）illnessontincreadovertimeaswill,withmorehusbandsthanwives

developingrioushealthproblems.

“Wefoundthatwomenaredoublyvulnerabletomaritalbreak-upinthefaceofillness,”Karraker

said.“They’remorelikelytobewidowed,andifthey’rethenoeswhobecomeill,they’remore

likelytogetdivorced.”

Whilethestudydidn’tassswhydivorceinmorelikelywhenwivesbutnothusbandsbecome

riouslyill,Karrakeroffersafewpossiblereasons.“Gendernormsandsocialexpectationsabout

caregivingmanymakeitmoredifficultformentoprovidecaretosickspous,”Karraker

said.“Andbecauoftheimbalanceinmarriagemarkets,especiallyinolderages,divorcedmen

havemorechoicesamongprospectivepartnersthandivorcedwomen.”

Giventheincreasingconcernabouthealthcarecostsfortheagingpopulation,Karrakerbelieves

policymakersshouldbeawareoftherelationshipbetweendiaandriskofdivorce.

“Offeringsupportrvicestospouscaringfortheirotherhalvesmayreducemaritalstressand

preventdivorceatolderages,”shesaid.“Butit’salsoimportanttorecognizethatthepressureto

divorcemaybehealth-relatedandthatsickex-wivesmayneedadditionalcareandrvicesto

preventworninghealthandincreadhealthcosts.”

nwelearnaboutmarriagevowsfromthepassage?

A)Theymaynotguaranteealastingmarriage.

B)Theyareasbindingastheyudtobe.

C)Theyarenottakenriouslyanymore.

D)Theymayhelpcouplestideoverhardtimes.

dKarrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamfindaboutelderlyhusbands?

A)Theyaregenerallynotgoodattakingcareofthemlves.

B)Theycanbecomeincreasinglyvulnerabletoriousillness.

C)Theycandevelopdifferentkindsofillnessjustliketheirwives.

D)Theyaremorelikelytocontractriousillnessthantheirwives.

esKarrakersayaboutwomenwhofallill?

A)Theyaremorelikelytobewidowed.

B)Theyaremorelikelytogetdivorced.

C)Theyarelesslikelytoreceivegoodcare.

D)Theyarelesslikelytobothertheirspous.

tmoredifficultformentotakecareoftheirsickspousaccordingtoKarraker?

A)Theyaremoreaccustomedtoreceivingcare.

B)Theyfinditmoreimportanttomakemoneyforthefamily.

C)Theythinkitmoreurgenttofulfilltheirsocialobligations.

D)Theyexpectsocietytodomoreofthejob.

esKarrakerthinkisalsoimportant?

A)Reducingmaritalstressonwives.

B)Stabilizingoldcouples’srelations.

C)Providingextracarefordivorcedwomen.

D)Makingmenpayfortheirwives’healthcosts.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablygotuptwhenyourmothercalledyoubya

sibling’s(兄弟姐妹的)ldshenotknowyou?Diditmeanshelovedyouless?

ingtothefirstrearchtotacklethistopichead-on,misnamingthemost

familiarpeopleinourlifeisacommoncognitive(认知的)errorthathastodowithhowour

memoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.

Thestudy,publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemoryandCognition,foundthat

the“wrong”nameisnotrandombutisinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:

children,siblings,dydidnotexaminethepossibilityofdeeppsychological

significancetothemistake,sayspsychologistDavidRubin,“butitdoestelluswho’sinandwho’s

outofthegroup.”

Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialor

internalsounds,alremblancebetweenpeoplewas

gender.

Therearchersconductedfiveparatesurveysofmorethan1,thesurveys

includedonlycollegestudents;kedsubjects

aboutincidentswheresomeoneclotothem—familyorfriend—hadcalledthembyanother

person’ersurveysaskedabouttimeswhensubjectshadthemlvescalledsomeone

surveysfoundthatpeoplemixedupnameswithin

relationshipgroupssuchasgrandchildren,friendsandsiblingsbuthardlyevercrosdthe

boundaries.

Ingeneral,thestudyfoundthatundergraduateswerealmostaslikelyasoldpeopletomakethis

eopleandthismistakeandmenaslikelyaswomen.

Olderpeopleandwomenmadethemistakeslightlymoreoften,butthatmaybebecau

,mothersmaycall

ontheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers,asnoevidence

thaterrorsoccurredmorewhenthemisnamerwasfrustrated,tiredorangry.

htpeopleoftenfeelwhentheyweremisnamed?

A)Unwanted.

B)Unhappy.

C)Confud.

D)Indifferent.

dDavidRubin’srearchfindaboutmisnaming?

A)Itisrelatedtothewayourmemorieswork.

B)Itisapossibleindicatorofafaultymemory.

C)Itoccursmostlybetweenkidsandtheirfriends.

D)Itoftencausmisunderstandingsamongpeople.

mostlikelythecauofmisnaming?

A)Similarpersonalitytraits.

B)Similarspellingsofnames.

C)Similarphysicalappearance.

D)Similarpronunciationofnames.

dthesurveysofmorethan1,700subjectsfindaboutmisnaming?

A)Itmoreoftenthannothurtsrelationships.

B)Ithardlyoccursacrossgenderboundaries.

C)Itismostfrequentlyfoundinextendedfamilies.

D)Itmostoftenoccurswithinarelationshipgroups.

othersmisnametheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers?

A)Theysuffermorefrustrations.

B)Theybecomewornoutmoreoften.

C)Theycommunicatemorewiththeirchildren.

D)Theygenerallytakeonmoreworkathome.

PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChine

uldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式，已有2000多年历史。剪纸很可能源于汉代，继纸张发

明之后。从此，它在中国的许多地方得到了普及。剪纸用的材料和工具很简单：纸和剪刀。

剪纸作品通常是用红纸做成的，因为红色在中国传统文化中与幸福相联。因此，在婚礼、春

节等喜庆场合，红颜色的剪纸是门窗装饰的首选。

【参考译文】

PapercuttingisauniqueformofChinetraditionalfolkartwithahistoryofmorethan2,000years.

PapercuttingprobablyoriginatedintheHanDynasty,

then,erialsandtoolsforpapercuttingare

simple:uttingworksareusuallymadeofredpaper,becauredis

ore,inthewedding,theSpring

Festivalandotherfestiveoccasions,redpapercuttingisthefirstchoiceofdoorandwindow

decoration.