考研 英语

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2022年12月26日发(作者:凹透镜成像光路图)

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考研真题英语真题及参考答案

2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题

SectionIUofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowing

te_t.

Choothebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.

(10points)AncientGreekphilosopherAristotle

viewedlaughteras“abodilye_ercipreciousto

health.”But__1___someclaimstothecontrary,laughing

probablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness

Laughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionof

theheartanditsbloodvesls,___3_

heartrateando_ygenconsumptionButbecauhard

laughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaughisunlikely

tohave__5___

benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,as

e_ercidoes,laughterapparentlyacplishesthe__7__,

studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethat

laughter__8___

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muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutes

afterthelaughdiesdown.

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__the

effectsofpsychologicalstress.

Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduce

othertypesof___10___

feedback,thatimproveanindividual’motional

state.

__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelings

arepartiallyrooted____12___

physicalreactions.

Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythat

humansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybeesad

whenthetearsbegintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalso____14___

tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow

__15___

muscularrespons.

Inane_perimentpublishedin1988,social

psychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburg

inGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___

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apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatingan

artificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwould

producea(n)__17___

e_pression.

Thoforcedtoe_ercitheirenthusiasticallyto

funnycatoonsthandidthowhomonthswerecontracted

inafrown,____19___

thate_pressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthan

justtheotherwayaround__20__

,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

1.[A]among[B]e_cept[C]despite[D]like

2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce

3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]obrve

5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable

6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief

7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]e_pected

8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]rela_es

9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance

10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal

11.[A]E_ceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at13.[A]unless[B]until

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[C]if[D]becau14.[A]e_hausts[B]follows[C]precedes

[D]suppress15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond

16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold17.[A]disappointed

[B]e_cited[C]joyful[D]indifferent18.[A]adapted

[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted19.[A]suggesting

[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

20.[A]Eventually[B]Conquently[C]Similarly

[D]ConverlySectionIIReadingprehensionPartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourte_ts.

Answerthequestionsbeloweachte_tbychoosing[A],

[B],[C]or[D].

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

(40points)Te_t1ThedecisionoftheNewYork

PhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsne_tmusic

directorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworld

eversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin

2021.

Forthemostpart,theresponhasbeenfavorable,

tosaytheleast.

“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,a

sober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

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Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassucha

surpri,however,isthatGilbertisparativelylittle

known.

EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’s

appointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentious

musicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabout

him.”Asadescriptionofthene_tmusicdirectorofan

orchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslike

GustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatemslikelyto

havestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintprai.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisa

greatconductororevenagoodone.

Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyof

interestingpositions,butitisnotnecessaryformeto

visitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereel,tohear

interestingorchestralmusic.

AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootup

myputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfrom

iTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsareno

substituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.

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Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-loving

public,classicalinstrumentalistsmustpetenotonly

withoperahous,dancetroupes,theaterpanies,and

muums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthe

greatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.

Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,and

veryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’s

liveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”at

atimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.

Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshas

thusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthe

traditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponisforclassicalperformersto

programattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableon

record.

Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidely

noted:Ale_Ross,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribed

himasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonic

into“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”

Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merely

e_pandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.

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IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,they

mustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’s

oldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

21.

WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas

[A]incurredcriticism.

[B]raidsuspicion.

[C]receivedacclaim.

[D]aroudcuriosity.

22.

TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

[A]influential.

[B]modest.

[C]respectable.

[D]talented.

23.

Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

[A]ignorethee_pensofliveperformances.

[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

[C]e_aggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

24.

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Accordingtothete_t,whichofthefollowingistrue

ofrecordings?[A]Theyareofteninferiortolive

concertsinquality.

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

25.

RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthe

Philharmonic,theauthorfeels[A]doubtful.

[B]enthusiastic.

[C]confident.

[D]puzzled.

Te_t2WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBank

ofAmericainAugust,hi_planationwassurprisingly

straightup.

Ratherthancloakinghi_itintheusualvague

e_cus,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“to

pursuemygoalofrunningapany.”Broadcastinghis

ambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.

Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttime

withtheboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,

whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

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McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgave

himtimetoreflectonwhatkindofpanyhewantedtorun.

Italsontaclearmessagetotheoutsideworld

abouthisaspirations.

AndMcGeeisn’talone.

InrecentweekstheNo.2e_ecutivesatAvonand

AmericanE_pressquitwiththee_planationthattheywere

lookingforaCEOpost.

Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponto

shareholderpressure,e_ecutiveswhodon’tgetthenod

alsomaywishtomoveon.

Aturbulentbusinesnvironmentalsohasnior

managerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloud

theirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,

deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejump

withouta.

Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%from

ayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleadersthey

had,accordingtoLiberumRearch.

Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillabound

foraspiringleaders.

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Thedecisiontoquitaniorpositiontolookfora

betteroneisunconventional.

Foryear_ecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredto

therulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesarethe

oneswhomustbepoached.

SaysKorn/FerryniorpartnerDennisCarey:”I

can’tthinkofasinglearchI’vedonewhereaboard

hasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

Thowhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedin

toppositionsquickly.

EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,

sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.

ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInter-

badmoditie_change.

RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin20__5with

ambitionstobeaCEO.

Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancial

institutionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfor

topperformers.

Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptableto

bebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.

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“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhere

youare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”says

oneheadhunter.

“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstaretho

who’vestayedtoolong.”26.

WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercan

bestbedescribedasbeing[A]arrogant.

[B]frank.

[C]lf-centered.

[D]impulsive.

27.

AccordingtoParagraph2,niore_ecutives’

quittingmaybespurredby[A]theire_pectationof

betterfinancialstatus.

[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.

[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

28.

Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)most

probablymeans[A]approvedof.

[B]attendedto.

[C]huntedfor.

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[D]guardedagainst.

29.

Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

[A]topperformersudtoclingtotheirposts.

[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.

[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.

[D]it’ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.

30.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthete_t?

[A]CEOs:WheretoGo?[B]CEOs:AlltheWayUp?[C]Top

ManagersJumpwithouta[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTop

PerformersTe_t3Theroughguidetomarketing

successudtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.

Nolonger.

Whiletraditional“paid”media–suchas

televisionmercialsandprintadvertiments–still

playamajorrole,paniestodaycane_ploitmany

alternativeformsofmedia.

Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate

“owned”mediabyndinge-mailalertsaboutproducts

andsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.

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Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeof

factorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketers

promotingtheirownproducts.

Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactasthe

initiatorforurs’respons.

Butinsomecas,onemarketer’sownedmediabee

anothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstance,whenan

e-merceretailerllsadspaceonitsWebsite.

Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawho

trafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheir

contentore-merceengineswithinthatenvironment.

Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,

effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviders

suchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.

Johnson&;Johnson,fore_le,hascreatedBabyCenter,

astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotesplementaryand

evenpetitiveproducts.

Besidesgeneratingine,theprenceofother

marketersmakesthesiteemobjective,givespanies

opportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationaboutthe

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appealofotherpanies’marketing,andmayhelpe_pand

urtrafficforallpaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathave

providedmarketerswithmore(andmorediver)

municationschoiceshavealsoincreadtheriskthat

passionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,

morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.

Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:

anastorcaignbeeshostagetoconsumers,other

stakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegations

aboutabrandorproduct.

Membersofsocialworks,forinstance,arelearning

thattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthe

businessthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtryto

persuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthe

reputationofthetargetpanyatrisk.

Insuchaca,thepany’sresponmaynotbe

sufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurve

hasbeensteep.

ToyotaMotor,fore_le,alleviatedsomeofthedamage

fromitsrecallcrisiarlierthisyearwitha

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relativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-media

responcaign,whichincludedeffortstoengagewith

consumersdirectlyonsitessuchasandthesocial-news

siteDigg.

ersmaycreate“earned”mediawhenthey

are[A]obscsdwithonlineshoppingatcertainWeb

sites.

[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailsntto

them.

[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequality

products.

[D]enthusiasticaboutremendingtheirfavorite

products.

32.

AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature[A]a

safebusinesnvironment.

[B]randompetition.

[C]strongurtraffic.

[D]fle_ibilityinorganization.

33.

TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia

[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.

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[B]canbeudtoproducenegativeeffectsin

marketing.

[C]mayberesponsibleforfiercerpetition.

[D]derveallthenegativementsaboutthem.

34.

ToyotaMotor’_perienceiscitedasane_leof

[A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.

[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.

[C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.

[D]takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.

35.

Whichofthefollowingisthete_tmainlyabout?[A]

Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.

[B]Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.

[C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia.

[D]Popularityofownedmedia.

Te_t4It’snosurprithatJenniferSenior’s

insightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,“IloveMy

Children,IHateMyLife,”isarousingmuchchatter–

nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthat

childrearingisanythinglessthanapletelyfulfilling,

life-enrichinge_perience.

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Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparents

eitherhappyormirable,Seniorsuggestsweneedto

redefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitas

somethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,

weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tencondition.

Eventhoughtheday-to-daye_perienceofraisingkids

canbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat“the

verythingsthatinthemomentdenourmoodscanlaterbe

sourcesofintengratificationanddelight.”The

magazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdinga

cutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageon

newsstandsthisweek.

Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–and

newlysingle–momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual

“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.

Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastone

celebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.

Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebrates

procreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregret

havingchildreniquivalenttoadmittingyousupport

kitten-killing?Itdoesn’temquitefair,then,to

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paretheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthe

children.

Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderifthey

shouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksare

botheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesingle

mostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiry

mustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesin

theirlives.

Ofcour,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebrity

magazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeopleprentishugely

unrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresingle

motherslikeBullock.

Accordingtoveralstudiesconcludingthatparents

arelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsare

theleasthappyofall.

Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitisto

raiakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohear

SandraandBritneytellit,raisingakidontheir

“own”(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceof

cake.

It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumb

enoughtowantchildrenjustbecauReeandAngelina

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makeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthata

babyisnotahaircut.

Butit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimageswee

everyweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthood

aren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingto

ourowndissatisfactionswiththeactuale_perience,in

thesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“the

Rachel”mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlike

JenniferAniston.

erSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethat

raisingachildcanbring[A]temporarydelight

[B]enjoymentinprogress[C]happinessinretrospect

[D]nfromParagraph2that

[A]celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip.

[B]singlemotherswithbabiesdervegreater

attention.

[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesintertaining.

[D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.

ggestedinParagraph3thatchildless

folks[A]areconstantlye_podtocriticism.

[B]arelargelyignoredbythemedia.

[C]failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.

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[D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirlife.

ingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedby

celebritymagazinesis[A]soothing.

[B]ambiguous.

[C]pensatory.

[D]misleading.

fthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthe

lastparagraph?[A]Havingchildrencontributeslittleto

theglamourofcelebritymoms.

[B]Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitude

towardschildrearing.

[C]Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfaction

withlife.

[D]Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchild

rearing.

PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphare

giveninawrongorder.

ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganize

theparagraphsintoacoherentte_tbychoosingfrom

thelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedbo_es.

ParagraphsEandGhavebeencorrectlyplaced.

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

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(10points)[A]Nodisciplineshaveizedon

professionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthehumanities.

Youcan,MrMenandpointsout,becamealawyerin

threeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.

Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoral

degreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.

Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudents

inEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.

[B]Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:

Literature,languages,philosophyandsoon.

Thearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:

22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusiness

paredwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.

However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswant

theirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasic

canonofideasthateveryeducatedpersonshouldposs.

Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata

“generaleducation”shouldlooklike.

AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,“thegreatbooksare

readbecautheyhavebeenread”-theyformasortof

socialglue.

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[C]Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendup

withprofessorshipsforwhichtheyenteredgraduate

school.

Therearesimplytoofewposts.

Thisispartlybecauuniversitiescontinueto

produceevermorePhDs.

Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:

Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor’sdegreesin

1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.

Fewerstudentsrequiresfewerteachers.

So,attheendofadecadeofthes-writing,many

humanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomething

forwhichtheyhavenotbeentrained.

[D]Onereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteach

suchcoursisthattheycancutacrosstheinsistence

bytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artducations

andprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptparate,

taughtindifferentschools.

Manystudent_periencebothvarieties.

AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatend

upinlaw,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsand

第23页共32页

lawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegree

beforeembarkingonaprofessionalqualification.

[E]Besidesprofessionalizingtheprofessionsbythis

paration,topAmericanuniversitieshave

professionalidtheprofessor.

Thegrowthinpublicmoneyforacademicrearchhas

speededtheprocess:federalrearchgrantsro

fourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfacultyteachinghours

fellbyhalfasrearchtookitstoll.

Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofa

doctoraldegreeintoaprerequisiteforasuccessful

academiccareer:aslateas1969athirdofAmerican

professorsdidnotposssone.

Butthekeyideabehindprofessionalisation,argues

MrMenand,isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneededfor

aparticularspecializationaretransmissiblebutnot

transferable.”Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjust

overtheproductionofknowledge,butalsooverthe

productionoftheproducersofknowledge.

[F]Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludes

MrMenand,istoalterthewayinwhich“theproducers

ofknowledgeareproduced.”Otherwi,academicswill

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continuetothinkdangerouslyalike,increasingly

detachedfromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,investigate

andcriticize.”Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,

mayneedtobeeles_clusionaryandmoreholistic.”Yet

quitehowthathappens,MrMenanddonotsay.

[G]ThesubtleandintelligentlittlebookThe

MarketplaceofIdeas:ReformandResistanceinthe

AmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudent

thinkingofapplyingtotakeadoctoraldegree.

Theymaythendecidetogoelwhere.

ForsomethingcurioushasbeenhappeninginAmerican

Universities,andLouisMenand,aprofessorofEnglishat

HarvardUniversity,captureditskillfully.

G→41.

→42.

→E→43.

→44.

→45.

PartCDirections:Readthefollowingte_t

carefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedgmentsinto

Chine.

第25页共32页

Yourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyon

ANSWERSHEET2.

(10points)Withitsthemethat“Mindisthe

masterweaver,”creatingourinnercharacterandouter

circumstances,thebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllen

isanin-depthe_plorationofthecentralideaoflf-

helpwriting.

(46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumption

weallshare-thatbecauwearenotrobotswetherefore

controlourthoughts-andrevealitrroneousnature.

Becaumostofusbelievethatmindisparatefrom

matter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmade

powerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandact

another.

However,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmind

generatesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)

whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrol

throughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealityweare

continuallyfacedwithaquestion:“WhycannotImake

mylfdothisorachievethat?”Sincedesireand

willaredamagedbytheprenceofthoughtsthatdonot

accordwithdesire,Allenconcluded:“Wedonot

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attractwhatwewant,butwhatweare.”Achievement

happensbecauyouasapersonembodythee_ternal

achievement;youdon’t“get”successbutbeeit.

Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter.

PartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontention

that“Circumstancesdonotmakeaperson,theyreveal

him.”(48)Thisemsajustificationforneglectof

thoinneed,andarationalizationofe_ploitation,of

thesuperiorityofthoatthetopandtheinferiority

ofthoatthebottom.

This,however,wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoa

subtleargument.

Eachtofcircumstances,howeverbad,offersa

uniqueopportunityforgrowth.

Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeand

prospectsofpeople,thenhumanitywouldneverhave

progresd.

Infat,(49)circumstancesemtobedesignedto

bringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeen

“wronged”thenweareunlikelytobeginaconscious

heless,asany

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biographerknows,aperson’arlylifeandits

conditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual.

ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehave

nooneeltoblameforourprentconditione_cept

ourlves.

(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedin

knowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewere

e_pertsinthearrayoflimitations,nowwebee

authoritiesofwhatispossible.

SectionⅢWritingPartA51.

Directions:Writealettertoafriendofyoursto

1)remendoneofyourfavoritemoviesand2)give

reasonsforyourremendationYourshouldwriteabout100

wordsonANSWERSHEET2Donotsignyourownnameatthe

endoftheleter.

Ur“LIMING”instead.

Donotwritertheaddress.(10points)PartB52.

Directions:Writeanessayof160---20__

wordsbadonthefollowingdrawing.

Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawing

briefly,2)e_plainit’sintendedmeaning,and3)give

yourments.

第28页共32页

YourshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

(20points)参考答案:

SectionIUofEnglish1.C2.D3.B4.B

5.A6.B7.A8.D9.C10.A11.B12.C13.D

14.C15.B16.D17.A18.D19.A20.C△criticn.

评论家;批评者SectionIIReadingprehensionPart

A21.C22.B23.D24.B25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.B

31.D32.C33.B34.A35.A36.C37.D38.A39.D40.B

Translation46.

我们每个人都认为:自己不是机器人,因此能够控制自己的

思想;爱伦的贡献在于他研究了这一假说,并揭示其错误的本

质。

47.

我们或许只通过意识就能维持这种控制的幻觉,但事实上,

我们却总是面临一个问题:我们为什么不能让自己去做这件事

情,实现那个目标呢?48.

这种说法似乎为忽视需要帮助的人找到了借口,使剥削合理

化,令上层人优越,底层人卑微。

49.

环境似乎旨在激发我们的最大潜能,如果我们总感觉“上天

不公”,那么不太可能会自觉地努力脱离现状。

第29页共32页

50.

积极的一面是,既然万事都取决于我们,那么就有无限可

能。以前,我们能够熟练应对种种局限;现在,我们把握着未来

的可能。

SectionIIIWriting51.小作文参考范文小作

文范文一:

DearJohn,Iamwriting,withouthesitation,to

shareoneofmyfavoritemovies,ForestGump,withyou,

whichisnotonlyconducivetoyourstudy,butalso

beneficialtoyourlife.

Foronething,thebeautifullanguageinthis

originalEnglishmoviemaycontributetoyourstudyof

Englishinlistening,speaking,readingandwriting.

Foranotherthing,theprofoundculturalelements

implicitinthescenewillequipyouwithforeign

culturalbackgroundand,aboveall,enrichyourdaily

life.

Wouldyouliketoethismovieaftermyremendation?

Remembertotellmeyouropinionaboutthemovie.

Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

Yours,LiMing小作文范文二:

第30页共32页

DearTom,Recently,alotofnewmoviesareon

show,amongwhichIloveIfYouAreTheOnemost.

NowIamremendingthismovietoyouforthereasons

listedbelow.

Firstofall,ithaspowerfulcastwhichappealsto

myattention.

Inaddition,theclassicandthought-provoking

languagemakesitirresistibletoallfans.

Aboveall,thedeeprevelationoflovetouchesmy

soulopensmymind.

Iamconvincedthatyouarewillingtoethismovie

aftermyenthusiasticremendation.

Remembertowriteandtellmehowyoufeel.

Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

Yourssincerely,LiMing52.大作文参考范文

Theterriblescenedepictedinthecartoonshowsthat

somepeopleinourlifestilllacktheawarenessof

environmentalprotection.

Thepictureillustratesthattwotouristsare

chattingandeatinghappilyonaboatandcasually

throwingtheirrubbishintothelakewhichisfullof

litterandwaste.

第31页共32页

Thedrawingtsusthinkingtoomuchduetoitsfar-

reachinginfluence.

Nowadays,thoughtheawarenessofprotecting

environmentisbeingacceptedbymoreandmorepeople,we

canstillemanyunpleasantscenespeciallyinscenic

spots.

Whydoesthisphenomenonari?Manyfactorsare

accountingforit.

Firstandforemost,tosomepeople,theconsciousness

ofprotectingenvironmentisstillnotsostrong.

Theymaynotthinkitisabigdealtothrowrubbish

everywhere.

Inaddition,theenvironmentalmanagementsystem

isn’tsosatisfying.

Fore_le,insomeplacesthere’refewregulationsor

theimplementationisldomperformedactually.

Fromwhathasbeendiscusdabove,itisurgentto

takesomeeffectiveandrelativemeasures.

Inthefirstplace,weshouldcontinuetoconduct

morepropagandainmunitiesandschoolssoastolet

peoplerealizetheimportanceofprotectingenvironment.

第32页共32页

Inthecond,morerulesshouldbemadeandcarried

outbythegovernmenttorestraintheconductionof

destroyingenvironment.

Peopleshouldworktogethertocreatecleanand

beautifulsurroundings.

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