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考研真题英语真题及参考答案
2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题
SectionIUofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowing
te_t.
Choothebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand
mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.
(10points)AncientGreekphilosopherAristotle
viewedlaughteras“abodilye_ercipreciousto
health.”But__1___someclaimstothecontrary,laughing
probablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness
Laughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionof
theheartanditsbloodvesls,___3_
heartrateando_ygenconsumptionButbecauhard
laughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaughisunlikely
tohave__5___
benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.
__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,as
e_ercidoes,laughterapparentlyacplishesthe__7__,
studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethat
laughter__8___
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muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutes
afterthelaughdiesdown.
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__the
effectsofpsychologicalstress.
Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduce
othertypesof___10___
feedback,thatimproveanindividual’motional
state.
__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelings
arepartiallyrooted____12___
physicalreactions.
Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythat
humansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybeesad
whenthetearsbegintoflow.
Althoughsadnessalso____14___
tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow
__15___
muscularrespons.
Inane_perimentpublishedin1988,social
psychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburg
inGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___
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apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatingan
artificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwould
producea(n)__17___
e_pression.
Thoforcedtoe_ercitheirenthusiasticallyto
funnycatoonsthandidthowhomonthswerecontracted
inafrown,____19___
thate_pressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthan
justtheotherwayaround__20__
,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.
1.[A]among[B]e_cept[C]despite[D]like
2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce
3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining
4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]obrve
5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable
6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief
7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]e_pected
8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]rela_es
9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance
10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal
11.[A]E_ceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor
12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at13.[A]unless[B]until
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[C]if[D]becau14.[A]e_hausts[B]follows[C]precedes
[D]suppress15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond
16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold17.[A]disappointed
[B]e_cited[C]joyful[D]indifferent18.[A]adapted
[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted19.[A]suggesting
[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing
20.[A]Eventually[B]Conquently[C]Similarly
[D]ConverlySectionIIReadingprehensionPartA
Directions:Readthefollowingfourte_ts.
Answerthequestionsbeloweachte_tbychoosing[A],
[B],[C]or[D].
MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.
(40points)Te_t1ThedecisionoftheNewYork
PhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsne_tmusic
directorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworld
eversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin
2021.
Forthemostpart,theresponhasbeenfavorable,
tosaytheleast.
“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,a
sober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
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Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassucha
surpri,however,isthatGilbertisparativelylittle
known.
EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’s
appointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentious
musicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabout
him.”Asadescriptionofthene_tmusicdirectorofan
orchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslike
GustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatemslikelyto
havestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintprai.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisa
greatconductororevenagoodone.
Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyof
interestingpositions,butitisnotnecessaryformeto
visitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereel,tohear
interestingorchestralmusic.
AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootup
myputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfrom
iTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsareno
substituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.
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Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-loving
public,classicalinstrumentalistsmustpetenotonly
withoperahous,dancetroupes,theaterpanies,and
muums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthe
greatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.
Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,and
veryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’s
liveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”at
atimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.
Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshas
thusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthe
traditionalclassicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponisforclassicalperformersto
programattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableon
record.
Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidely
noted:Ale_Ross,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribed
himasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonic
into“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”
Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merely
e_pandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.
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IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,they
mustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’s
oldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.
21.
WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas
[A]incurredcriticism.
[B]raidsuspicion.
[C]receivedacclaim.
[D]aroudcuriosity.
22.
TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois
[A]influential.
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
23.
Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers
[A]ignorethee_pensofliveperformances.
[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.
[C]e_aggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.
[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.
24.
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Accordingtothete_t,whichofthefollowingistrue
ofrecordings?[A]Theyareofteninferiortolive
concertsinquality.
[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.
[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25.
RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthe
Philharmonic,theauthorfeels[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
Te_t2WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBank
ofAmericainAugust,hi_planationwassurprisingly
straightup.
Ratherthancloakinghi_itintheusualvague
e_cus,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“to
pursuemygoalofrunningapany.”Broadcastinghis
ambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.
Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttime
withtheboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,
whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.
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McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgave
himtimetoreflectonwhatkindofpanyhewantedtorun.
Italsontaclearmessagetotheoutsideworld
abouthisaspirations.
AndMcGeeisn’talone.
InrecentweekstheNo.2e_ecutivesatAvonand
AmericanE_pressquitwiththee_planationthattheywere
lookingforaCEOpost.
Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponto
shareholderpressure,e_ecutiveswhodon’tgetthenod
alsomaywishtomoveon.
Aturbulentbusinesnvironmentalsohasnior
managerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloud
theirreputations.
Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,
deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejump
withouta.
Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%from
ayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleadersthey
had,accordingtoLiberumRearch.
Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillabound
foraspiringleaders.
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Thedecisiontoquitaniorpositiontolookfora
betteroneisunconventional.
Foryear_ecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredto
therulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesarethe
oneswhomustbepoached.
SaysKorn/FerryniorpartnerDennisCarey:”I
can’tthinkofasinglearchI’vedonewhereaboard
hasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”
Thowhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedin
toppositionsquickly.
EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,
sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.
ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInter-
badmoditie_change.
RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin20__5with
ambitionstobeaCEO.
Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancial
institutionthreeyearslater.
Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfor
topperformers.
Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptableto
bebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.
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“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhere
youare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”says
oneheadhunter.
“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstaretho
who’vestayedtoolong.”26.
WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercan
bestbedescribedasbeing[A]arrogant.
[B]frank.
[C]lf-centered.
[D]impulsive.
27.
AccordingtoParagraph2,niore_ecutives’
quittingmaybespurredby[A]theire_pectationof
betterfinancialstatus.
[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.
[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.
[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.
28.
Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)most
probablymeans[A]approvedof.
[B]attendedto.
[C]huntedfor.
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[D]guardedagainst.
29.
Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
[A]topperformersudtoclingtotheirposts.
[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.
[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.
[D]it’ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.
30.
Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthete_t?
[A]CEOs:WheretoGo?[B]CEOs:AlltheWayUp?[C]Top
ManagersJumpwithouta[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTop
PerformersTe_t3Theroughguidetomarketing
successudtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.
Nolonger.
Whiletraditional“paid”media–suchas
televisionmercialsandprintadvertiments–still
playamajorrole,paniestodaycane_ploitmany
alternativeformsofmedia.
Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate
“owned”mediabyndinge-mailalertsaboutproducts
andsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.
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Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeof
factorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.
Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketers
promotingtheirownproducts.
Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactasthe
initiatorforurs’respons.
Butinsomecas,onemarketer’sownedmediabee
anothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstance,whenan
e-merceretailerllsadspaceonitsWebsite.
Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawho
trafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheir
contentore-merceengineswithinthatenvironment.
Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,
effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviders
suchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.
Johnson&;Johnson,fore_le,hascreatedBabyCenter,
astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotesplementaryand
evenpetitiveproducts.
Besidesgeneratingine,theprenceofother
marketersmakesthesiteemobjective,givespanies
opportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationaboutthe
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appealofotherpanies’marketing,andmayhelpe_pand
urtrafficforallpaniesconcerned.
Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathave
providedmarketerswithmore(andmorediver)
municationschoiceshavealsoincreadtheriskthat
passionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,
morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.
Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:
anastorcaignbeeshostagetoconsumers,other
stakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegations
aboutabrandorproduct.
Membersofsocialworks,forinstance,arelearning
thattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthe
businessthatoriginallycreatedthem.
Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtryto
persuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthe
reputationofthetargetpanyatrisk.
Insuchaca,thepany’sresponmaynotbe
sufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurve
hasbeensteep.
ToyotaMotor,fore_le,alleviatedsomeofthedamage
fromitsrecallcrisiarlierthisyearwitha
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relativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-media
responcaign,whichincludedeffortstoengagewith
consumersdirectlyonsitessuchasandthesocial-news
siteDigg.
ersmaycreate“earned”mediawhenthey
are[A]obscsdwithonlineshoppingatcertainWeb
sites.
[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailsntto
them.
[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequality
products.
[D]enthusiasticaboutremendingtheirfavorite
products.
32.
AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature[A]a
safebusinesnvironment.
[B]randompetition.
[C]strongurtraffic.
[D]fle_ibilityinorganization.
33.
TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia
[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.
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[B]canbeudtoproducenegativeeffectsin
marketing.
[C]mayberesponsibleforfiercerpetition.
[D]derveallthenegativementsaboutthem.
34.
ToyotaMotor’_perienceiscitedasane_leof
[A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.
[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.
[C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.
[D]takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.
35.
Whichofthefollowingisthete_tmainlyabout?[A]
Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.
[B]Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.
[C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia.
[D]Popularityofownedmedia.
Te_t4It’snosurprithatJenniferSenior’s
insightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,“IloveMy
Children,IHateMyLife,”isarousingmuchchatter–
nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthat
childrearingisanythinglessthanapletelyfulfilling,
life-enrichinge_perience.
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Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparents
eitherhappyormirable,Seniorsuggestsweneedto
redefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitas
somethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,
weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tencondition.
Eventhoughtheday-to-daye_perienceofraisingkids
canbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat“the
verythingsthatinthemomentdenourmoodscanlaterbe
sourcesofintengratificationanddelight.”The
magazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdinga
cutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageon
newsstandsthisweek.
Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–and
newlysingle–momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual
“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.
Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastone
celebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.
Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebrates
procreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregret
havingchildreniquivalenttoadmittingyousupport
kitten-killing?Itdoesn’temquitefair,then,to
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paretheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthe
children.
Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderifthey
shouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksare
botheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesingle
mostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiry
mustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesin
theirlives.
Ofcour,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebrity
magazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeopleprentishugely
unrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresingle
motherslikeBullock.
Accordingtoveralstudiesconcludingthatparents
arelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsare
theleasthappyofall.
Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitisto
raiakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohear
SandraandBritneytellit,raisingakidontheir
“own”(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceof
cake.
It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumb
enoughtowantchildrenjustbecauReeandAngelina
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makeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthata
babyisnotahaircut.
Butit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimageswee
everyweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthood
aren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingto
ourowndissatisfactionswiththeactuale_perience,in
thesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“the
Rachel”mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlike
JenniferAniston.
erSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethat
raisingachildcanbring[A]temporarydelight
[B]enjoymentinprogress[C]happinessinretrospect
[D]nfromParagraph2that
[A]celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip.
[B]singlemotherswithbabiesdervegreater
attention.
[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesintertaining.
[D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.
ggestedinParagraph3thatchildless
folks[A]areconstantlye_podtocriticism.
[B]arelargelyignoredbythemedia.
[C]failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.
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[D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirlife.
ingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedby
celebritymagazinesis[A]soothing.
[B]ambiguous.
[C]pensatory.
[D]misleading.
fthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthe
lastparagraph?[A]Havingchildrencontributeslittleto
theglamourofcelebritymoms.
[B]Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitude
towardschildrearing.
[C]Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfaction
withlife.
[D]Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchild
rearing.
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphare
giveninawrongorder.
ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganize
theparagraphsintoacoherentte_tbychoosingfrom
thelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedbo_es.
ParagraphsEandGhavebeencorrectlyplaced.
MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.
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(10points)[A]Nodisciplineshaveizedon
professionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthehumanities.
Youcan,MrMenandpointsout,becamealawyerin
threeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.
Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoral
degreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.
Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudents
inEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.
[B]Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:
Literature,languages,philosophyandsoon.
Thearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:
22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusiness
paredwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.
However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswant
theirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasic
canonofideasthateveryeducatedpersonshouldposs.
Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata
“generaleducation”shouldlooklike.
AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,“thegreatbooksare
readbecautheyhavebeenread”-theyformasortof
socialglue.
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[C]Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendup
withprofessorshipsforwhichtheyenteredgraduate
school.
Therearesimplytoofewposts.
Thisispartlybecauuniversitiescontinueto
produceevermorePhDs.
Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:
Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor’sdegreesin
1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.
Fewerstudentsrequiresfewerteachers.
So,attheendofadecadeofthes-writing,many
humanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomething
forwhichtheyhavenotbeentrained.
[D]Onereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteach
suchcoursisthattheycancutacrosstheinsistence
bytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artducations
andprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptparate,
taughtindifferentschools.
Manystudent_periencebothvarieties.
AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatend
upinlaw,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsand
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lawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegree
beforeembarkingonaprofessionalqualification.
[E]Besidesprofessionalizingtheprofessionsbythis
paration,topAmericanuniversitieshave
professionalidtheprofessor.
Thegrowthinpublicmoneyforacademicrearchhas
speededtheprocess:federalrearchgrantsro
fourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfacultyteachinghours
fellbyhalfasrearchtookitstoll.
Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofa
doctoraldegreeintoaprerequisiteforasuccessful
academiccareer:aslateas1969athirdofAmerican
professorsdidnotposssone.
Butthekeyideabehindprofessionalisation,argues
MrMenand,isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneededfor
aparticularspecializationaretransmissiblebutnot
transferable.”Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjust
overtheproductionofknowledge,butalsooverthe
productionoftheproducersofknowledge.
[F]Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludes
MrMenand,istoalterthewayinwhich“theproducers
ofknowledgeareproduced.”Otherwi,academicswill
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continuetothinkdangerouslyalike,increasingly
detachedfromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,investigate
andcriticize.”Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,
mayneedtobeeles_clusionaryandmoreholistic.”Yet
quitehowthathappens,MrMenanddonotsay.
[G]ThesubtleandintelligentlittlebookThe
MarketplaceofIdeas:ReformandResistanceinthe
AmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudent
thinkingofapplyingtotakeadoctoraldegree.
Theymaythendecidetogoelwhere.
ForsomethingcurioushasbeenhappeninginAmerican
Universities,andLouisMenand,aprofessorofEnglishat
HarvardUniversity,captureditskillfully.
G→41.
→42.
→E→43.
→44.
→45.
PartCDirections:Readthefollowingte_t
carefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedgmentsinto
Chine.
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Yourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyon
ANSWERSHEET2.
(10points)Withitsthemethat“Mindisthe
masterweaver,”creatingourinnercharacterandouter
circumstances,thebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllen
isanin-depthe_plorationofthecentralideaoflf-
helpwriting.
(46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumption
weallshare-thatbecauwearenotrobotswetherefore
controlourthoughts-andrevealitrroneousnature.
Becaumostofusbelievethatmindisparatefrom
matter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmade
powerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandact
another.
However,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmind
generatesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)
whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrol
throughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealityweare
continuallyfacedwithaquestion:“WhycannotImake
mylfdothisorachievethat?”Sincedesireand
willaredamagedbytheprenceofthoughtsthatdonot
accordwithdesire,Allenconcluded:“Wedonot
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attractwhatwewant,butwhatweare.”Achievement
happensbecauyouasapersonembodythee_ternal
achievement;youdon’t“get”successbutbeeit.
Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter.
PartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontention
that“Circumstancesdonotmakeaperson,theyreveal
him.”(48)Thisemsajustificationforneglectof
thoinneed,andarationalizationofe_ploitation,of
thesuperiorityofthoatthetopandtheinferiority
ofthoatthebottom.
This,however,wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoa
subtleargument.
Eachtofcircumstances,howeverbad,offersa
uniqueopportunityforgrowth.
Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeand
prospectsofpeople,thenhumanitywouldneverhave
progresd.
Infat,(49)circumstancesemtobedesignedto
bringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeen
“wronged”thenweareunlikelytobeginaconscious
heless,asany
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biographerknows,aperson’arlylifeandits
conditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual.
ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehave
nooneeltoblameforourprentconditione_cept
ourlves.
(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedin
knowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewere
e_pertsinthearrayoflimitations,nowwebee
authoritiesofwhatispossible.
SectionⅢWritingPartA51.
Directions:Writealettertoafriendofyoursto
1)remendoneofyourfavoritemoviesand2)give
reasonsforyourremendationYourshouldwriteabout100
wordsonANSWERSHEET2Donotsignyourownnameatthe
endoftheleter.
Ur“LIMING”instead.
Donotwritertheaddress.(10points)PartB52.
Directions:Writeanessayof160---20__
wordsbadonthefollowingdrawing.
Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawing
briefly,2)e_plainit’sintendedmeaning,and3)give
yourments.
第28页共32页
YourshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
(20points)参考答案:
SectionIUofEnglish1.C2.D3.B4.B
5.A6.B7.A8.D9.C10.A11.B12.C13.D
14.C15.B16.D17.A18.D19.A20.C△criticn.
评论家;批评者SectionIIReadingprehensionPart
A21.C22.B23.D24.B25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.B
31.D32.C33.B34.A35.A36.C37.D38.A39.D40.B
Translation46.
我们每个人都认为:自己不是机器人,因此能够控制自己的
思想;爱伦的贡献在于他研究了这一假说,并揭示其错误的本
质。
47.
我们或许只通过意识就能维持这种控制的幻觉,但事实上,
我们却总是面临一个问题:我们为什么不能让自己去做这件事
情,实现那个目标呢?48.
这种说法似乎为忽视需要帮助的人找到了借口,使剥削合理
化,令上层人优越,底层人卑微。
49.
环境似乎旨在激发我们的最大潜能,如果我们总感觉“上天
不公”,那么不太可能会自觉地努力脱离现状。
第29页共32页
50.
积极的一面是,既然万事都取决于我们,那么就有无限可
能。以前,我们能够熟练应对种种局限;现在,我们把握着未来
的可能。
SectionIIIWriting51.小作文参考范文小作
文范文一:
DearJohn,Iamwriting,withouthesitation,to
shareoneofmyfavoritemovies,ForestGump,withyou,
whichisnotonlyconducivetoyourstudy,butalso
beneficialtoyourlife.
Foronething,thebeautifullanguageinthis
originalEnglishmoviemaycontributetoyourstudyof
Englishinlistening,speaking,readingandwriting.
Foranotherthing,theprofoundculturalelements
implicitinthescenewillequipyouwithforeign
culturalbackgroundand,aboveall,enrichyourdaily
life.
Wouldyouliketoethismovieaftermyremendation?
Remembertotellmeyouropinionaboutthemovie.
Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.
Yours,LiMing小作文范文二:
第30页共32页
DearTom,Recently,alotofnewmoviesareon
show,amongwhichIloveIfYouAreTheOnemost.
NowIamremendingthismovietoyouforthereasons
listedbelow.
Firstofall,ithaspowerfulcastwhichappealsto
myattention.
Inaddition,theclassicandthought-provoking
languagemakesitirresistibletoallfans.
Aboveall,thedeeprevelationoflovetouchesmy
soulopensmymind.
Iamconvincedthatyouarewillingtoethismovie
aftermyenthusiasticremendation.
Remembertowriteandtellmehowyoufeel.
Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.
Yourssincerely,LiMing52.大作文参考范文
Theterriblescenedepictedinthecartoonshowsthat
somepeopleinourlifestilllacktheawarenessof
environmentalprotection.
Thepictureillustratesthattwotouristsare
chattingandeatinghappilyonaboatandcasually
throwingtheirrubbishintothelakewhichisfullof
litterandwaste.
第31页共32页
Thedrawingtsusthinkingtoomuchduetoitsfar-
reachinginfluence.
Nowadays,thoughtheawarenessofprotecting
environmentisbeingacceptedbymoreandmorepeople,we
canstillemanyunpleasantscenespeciallyinscenic
spots.
Whydoesthisphenomenonari?Manyfactorsare
accountingforit.
Firstandforemost,tosomepeople,theconsciousness
ofprotectingenvironmentisstillnotsostrong.
Theymaynotthinkitisabigdealtothrowrubbish
everywhere.
Inaddition,theenvironmentalmanagementsystem
isn’tsosatisfying.
Fore_le,insomeplacesthere’refewregulationsor
theimplementationisldomperformedactually.
Fromwhathasbeendiscusdabove,itisurgentto
takesomeeffectiveandrelativemeasures.
Inthefirstplace,weshouldcontinuetoconduct
morepropagandainmunitiesandschoolssoastolet
peoplerealizetheimportanceofprotectingenvironment.
第32页共32页
Inthecond,morerulesshouldbemadeandcarried
outbythegovernmenttorestraintheconductionof
destroyingenvironment.
Peopleshouldworktogethertocreatecleanand
beautifulsurroundings.
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