攻克英语语法、踏上英语学习成功之路
张林峰编着
作为中国人，要学习与我们的母语完全不同的英语，就必须从英语语法入手。如果将英
语比作一座大厦，那么语法就是构成整个大厦的水泥框架，词汇和短语则是构成墙壁的砖瓦，
没有坚实的骨架，大厦是无法建成的。为了我们的英语大厦更加宏伟，让我们从现在起精心
构建它的骨架。
什么是语法？语法就是造句的方法。
学习语法就是为了我们能够造出无数优美、正确的英语句子。
学习英语语法的步骤：
1.九大句子成分和六大基本句型结构；
2.十六种时态及十种被动语态;
3.名词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）;
4.定语从句;
5.状语从句；
6.直接引语和间接引语；
7.情态动词；
8.虚拟语气；
9.非谓语动词；
10.强调句；
11.主谓一致；
12.省略句；
13.冠词、名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、介词等的用法。
下面我们一项一项进行学习：
一、九大句子成分
九大句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语（宾语补足语）、同位语、呼
语。（主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补、同、呼）
1.主语：A.在主谓宾结构中，主语是谓语动词动作的发出者；
B.在主系表结构中，主语是系动词之前的部分；
C.在Therebe结构中，主语是系动词be之后的部分。
（由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、不定式、V-ing形式和主语从句充当）
我是教师。
他们在踢足球。
熊猫是种可爱的动物。
一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。
打篮球是我的爱好。
掌握英语是我今年的目标。
练习弹钢琴每天要花费我一个小时的时间。
他昨天的所作所为令人生气。
Knowledgeispower.
Abeautifulgirltoldmethenews.
Hehelpedmealot.
TomasterEnglishismygoalthisyear.
Practicingplayingthepianotakesmeanhouraday.
Whathedidyesterdaymadehisparentsangry.
2.谓语：在主谓宾结构中，表示主语所发出的动作。(由动词构成，包括16种时态和10种
被动语态）
我种了一棵树。
他养了一只狗。
一只黄鼠狼偷吃了我的大公鸡。
一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。
小红赢了比赛。
我买了本新版英语字典。
我每天练习弹钢琴。
他昨天抓住了一个小偷。
IlikeEnglish.
Shekeepsacutemonkeyasherpet.
Sheloveshim.
Herefudtohelp.
IenjoylearningEnglish.
Idon’tknowwhenyouwillleaveforNewYork.
补充知识：
?1）根据动词在句中的功能，可分为四类：
实意动词(Notional?Verb):是具有实际动作意义的词，可以直接跟宾语或加介词后跟
宾
语。
We?work?hard.
Iplayfootballeveryday.
Iboughtabookyesterday.
系动词(Link?Verb):是连接主语和表语以及帮助实意动词构成各种时态及疑问句、否
定
句、被动语态的词。有:be,am,is,are,was,were,being,been等。
She?is?five.
WewereinXi’anlastevening.
Thehouhasbeensoldbyitsowner.
Mybikeisbeingrepairedbymyfathernow.
助动词(Auxiliary?Verb):是帮助实意动词构成各种时态及疑问句、否定句的词。有:do,
does,did,have,has,had等。
She?didn’t?do?her?homework?yesterday.
DoyoulikeEnglish?
Ihavebeenateacherforfifteenyears.
Hadyoufinishedyourhomeworkwhenyourmothergothomelastevening?
情态动词(Modal?Verb):是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的
动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语、否
定句及疑问句。有:can(could),may(might),must,need,
oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would),had
better,wouldrather等。
You?must?learn?it?by?yourlf.
Iwouldratherstayathomethangotothecinema.
Canyouswim?
Shallwehaveapartythisweekend?
WhocanhelpmelearnEnglish?
说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如:?
We?are?having?a?meeting.（having是实义动词）?
They?have?gone?to?New?York.（have是助动词。）?
2）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：
及物动词(Transitive?Verb):可以直接跟宾语的动词；
不及物动词(Intransitive?Verb):加了介词之后才能跟宾语的动词。
缩写形式分别为vt.?和vi.。?
?I?liveinthisbedroom.????????不及物动词(vi.)
?I?study?English?hard.??及物动词(vt.)
3.宾语：在主谓宾结构中，谓语动词动作的承受者。
（由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、不定式、V-ing形式和宾语从句充当）
我种了一棵树。
他养了一只狗。
一只黄鼠狼偷吃了我的大公鸡。
一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。
小红赢了比赛。
我买了本新版英语字典。
我每天练习弹钢琴。
他昨天抓住了一个小偷。
IlikeEnglish.
Shekeepsacutemonkeyasherpet.
Sheloveshim.
Herefudtohelp.
IenjoylearningEnglish.
IwanttoknowwhenyouwillleaveforNewYork.
宾语可分为四类：
1）动作的承受者——动词宾语：
I?like?China.?（名词）
He?hates?you.（代词）?
How?many?do?you?need??We?need?two.（数词）?
We?should?help?the?old?and?the?poor.（the+adj.）
I?enjoy?working?with?you.?（动名词）
I?hope?to?e?you?again.?（不定式）
Did?you?write?down?what?he?said??（宾语从句）
2）?介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介词宾语：
Are?you?afraid?of?the?snake?????
Iaminterestedinthisbook.
3）?双宾语——间接宾语（指人或动物）和直接宾语（指物）：
He?gave?me?a?book?yesterday.????
Give?the?poor?man?some?money.
ShetaughtmeEnglishforthreeyears.
4)it作形式宾语：
IfinditinterestingtolearnEnglish.
ShemakesitaruletoreadEnglisheverymorning.
Wedon’tthinkitpossibletodefeatthem.
4.表语：在主系表结构中，跟在系动词之后对主语进行修饰说明的部分。
（由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、V-ing形
式、过去分词和表语从句充当）
我是学生。
那是一只狗。
失败是成功之母。
她很漂亮。
我很忙。
他们聪明又努力。
我的爱好是打羽毛球。
我想知道的是他怎么英语那么好。
Knowledgeispower.
Sheisahard-workingstudent.
Thepersonthatshewantstomarryishim.
Myaimistogotoafamousuniversity.
MyjobisteachingEnglishtoyoungchildren.
Weareexcited.
WhatIwanttoknowishowhecanlearnEnglishsowell.
补充知识：
1）状态系动词：?用来表示主语的状态，只有be,am,is,are,was,were,being,
been等词，例如：
He?is?a?teacher.?
Wearestudents.
Hehasbeenillforthreeyears.
TomisinXi’an.
2）持续系动词：?用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest,
remain,stay,?lie,?stand等词，例如：
He?always?kept?silent?at?meetings.?
This?matter?rests?a?mystery.?
The?village?stands?at?the?foot?of?the?hill.
Japan?lies?to?the?east?of?China.?
3）表像系动词：用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有em,?appear,?look等词，
例如：
He?looks?tired.?他看起来很累。
He?ems?(to?be)?very?sad.?他看起来很伤心。
4）感官系动词：感官系动词主要有feel,smell,?sound,?taste等词，例如：
This?kind?of?cloth?feels?very?soft.这种布手感很软。
This?flower?smells?very?sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。?
5）变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,
turn,?fall,?get,?go,?come,?run等词，例如：
He?became?mad?after?that.?
She?grew?rich?within?a?short?time.?
6）终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,?turn?out等词，表达"证实"，
"变成"之意，例如：
The?rumor?proved?fal.?
The?arch?proved?difficult.?
His?plan?turned?out?a?success.?
注意：可带名词作表语的系动词be,become,?make,?look,?sound,?fall,?prove,?
remain,?turn等。注意：turn后接的单数名词?前多不用冠词。
7）系动词无被动语态：appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,
remain,em,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn例如：?
It?sounds?good.??
Thedishsmellsdelicious.
Hefellilllastnight.
5.定语：用来修饰或限定一个名词的词、短语或从句。
（由名词、冠词、代词、形容词、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词和定语从句充当）
一位男老师将教我们英语。
那是一个宁静的夜晚。
我有很多事情要做。
坐在那里的男孩是我的朋友。
在事故中被压死的狗是他的。
他就是我昨天在公园见到的那个老外。
我昨天丢的笔找到了。
我想上的大学是北大。
Amandoctorwilltakecareofyou.
Thisgirlismybestfriend.
Ihavealotofhomeworktodotoday.
Theboystandingthereismybrother.
Thedogkilledintheaccidentbelongedtomygrandpa.
ThepenwhichIlostyesterdaywasgiventomeasabirthdaygiftbymy
mum.
英语中的定语和汉语中的定语的最大差别在于它所处的位置，汉语中无论是词、短语或
句子作定语时，都放在被修饰词之前，而英语中，只有单个的词或复合形容词作定语时
才放在被修饰词之前，其它情况全部放在被修饰词之后。英语中的定语种类有十余种，
下面我们分类学习：
1）单个的名词、形容词、数词、代词、V-ing、P.P.及复合形容词作定语，放在被修饰词
前。
amandoctorawomanteacheraboystudentababygirl
abeautifulgirlalovelybabyaniceprentanhonestboy
threetoysfivepeopleeightelephantsnineyears
thisbookthopensmybrotheryoursister
boilingwateranexcitinggameaswimmingpoolareadingroom
thesleepingbabyadancingcattheshoutingcrowdthecryinggirl
boiledwatertheexcitedaudienceadisappointedmother
awarm-heartedwelcomeacold-bloodedkillerawhite-hairedwoman
2)“什么地方的什么”=the+N.+介词短语
thepictureonthewall墙上的画儿thebirdsinthetree树上的鸟
thebooksontheshelf架子上的书theholeinthewall墙上的洞
thecatinthebox盒子里的猫thelampovermyhead我头顶的灯
thestudentsinourclass我们班的学生
3)“正在做什么的人或物”=the+N+V-ing+(O)+LA+TA
themanstandingthere站在那里的男子
thedogbarkingnow正在吠叫的狗
thegirlsingingonthestage正在舞台上唱歌的女孩
theboyswimmingintheriver正在河里游泳的男孩
4)“正在被怎么样的人或物”=the+N+being+P.P.+LA+TA
thebridgebeingbuiltnow正在被建的桥
themeetingbeingheldnow正在被召开的会议
theboybeingpunishedbyourteacher正在被我们老师惩罚的学生
5)“将要被怎么样的人或物”=the+N+tobe+P.P.+LA+TA
themeetingtobeheldtomorrowmorning明早将要被召开的会议
thestudenttobenttoAmericabyourschool将被我们学校送往美国的学生
theschooltobetupinthevillage将被建在这个村子里的学校
6)“已经被怎么样的人或物”=the+N+P.P.+LA+TA
themankilledintheaccidentlastnight昨晚在事故中被压死的人
thebridgebuiltlastyear去年被建成的桥
themeetingheldyesterday昨天被召开的会议
7)“穿着什么样衣服的人”=the+N+in+a/an+衣服+LA+TA
themaninablackT-shirt穿着黑色T恤的男子
thegirlinaredmini-skirt穿着红色迷你裙的女孩
themaninasuit穿着西服套装的男子
8)“穿着什么颜色衣服的人”=the+N+in+颜色+LA+TA
themaninblack穿着黑衣的人thegirlinred穿着红色衣服的女孩
thewomaninblue穿着蓝色衣服的女士theboyingreen穿着绿色衣服的男孩
9)副词做定语一般后置=the+N+adv.
thestudentshere这里的学生themanoverthere那边的男子
pasngersaboard车（船、飞机）上的乘客
10)形容词（形容词短语）做后置定语=the+N+adj.+LA+TA
aroomlagreenoughtohold100people大到能容纳100人的房间
abasketfulloffruits装满水果的篮子
aboycleverenoughtospeakthreelanguages聪明到会说三种语言的男孩
11)“什么什么相同的人或物”=the+N+of+N
agirlofherownage和她年龄相同的女孩
birdsofafeather相同羽毛的鸟
thebottlesofthesameshape相同形状的瓶子
12)“有什么的人或物“=the/a+N+with+N
agirlwithlonghair长发女孩aboywithbigeyes大眼睛的男孩
13)定语从句=the+N+引导词+从句
TheN(人)+who/that+V+O+LA+TA(人主)
Theteacherwho/thattaughtmeEnglishatthisschoollastyear
Thethiefwho/thatstolemywalletyesterday
TheN(人)+who/that+be+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA(人主)
Thethiefwho/thatwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday
TheN(人)+(whom/that)+S+V+LA+TA(人宾)
Thegirl(whom/that)Imetintheparkyesterday
Theoldman(whom/that)Ihelpedyesterday
TheN(物)+which/that+V+O+LA+TA(物主)
Thedogwhich/thatbitmeintheparkyesterday
Thehorwhich/thatranawaylastweek
TheN(物)+which/that+be+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA(物主)
Thedogwhich/thatwaskilledintheaccidentyesterday
TheN(物)+(which/that)+S+V+LA+TA(物宾)
Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterday
Thedog(which/that)Isawyesterday
TheN(人,物)+who+N+V+O+LA+TA(人,物,所属)
Themanwhosonisadoctorinthishospital
Theroomwhodoorisgreen
Such+N+as+S+V+LA+TA
SuchpeopleasIgottoknowinAmericalastyear
SuchbooksasIboughtyesterday
Thesame+N+as+S+V+LA+TA
ThesamebikeasIlostyesterday
So+adj.+a/an+N+as+S+V+LA+TA
Socleveraboyasalltheteacherslike
TheN(时间)+(which/that)+S+V+LA+TA(先行词作宾语)
Theyear(which/that)IspentinAmerica
TheN(时间)+when/介词+which+S+V+O+LA(先行词作状语)
Theyearwhen/inwhichIstudiedEnglishinAmerica
TheN(地点)+(which/that)+S+V+TA(先行词作宾语)
Themuum(which/that)Ivisitedlastweek
Theschool(which/that)wetupinthevillage
TheN(地点)+where/介词+which+S+V+O+TA(先行词作状语)
Thefactorywhere/inwhichmyfatherworks
Thefarmwhere/onwhichIworkedlastyear
Thereason+(which/that)+S+V+LA+TA(先行词作宾语)
Thereason(which/that)hemadeup
Thereason(which/that)hetoldme
Thereason+why/forwhich+S+V+O+LA+TA(先行词作状语)
Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday
Thereasonwhy/forwhichIpunishedyou
6.状语：说明谓语动词动作所处的状态（包括时间、地点、原因、比较、目的、结果、条
件、方式和让步状语）。
（由副词、介词短语、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词和状语从句充当）
我在那里见到的他。
在一个宁静的夜晚，他们誓血为盟。
由于生病，他没有去上学。
她哼着歌离开了教室。
尽管在下雨，他们继续工作。
即使你给我买票，我也不会跟你去看电影。
为了练习发音，我每天都模仿VOA。
当从山顶看时，我们学校看起来很漂亮。
Imethimthere.
Hestudiesinakeymiddleschool.
TolearnEnglishwell,shetakeverychancetopracticeheroralEnglish.
Seeingfromthetopofthebuilding,youcanethewholetown.
Seenfromthetopofthebuilding,thetownlooksbeautiful.
Iwashavingdinnerwhenhecametoemelastevening.
7.补语(宾语补足语)：跟在宾语之后对宾语进行补充说明的句子成分。
（由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词）
我们选他当班长。
这场激烈的比赛令所有观众都很兴奋。
母亲每天都让我朗读英语。
他让我们等了两个小时。
毛泽东的逝世令举国哀痛。
老师罚我下蹲两百次。
据预测美国民众将再次选奥巴马为总统。
请让我进去。
Wewillmakehimmonitor.
Thegoodnewsmadeushappy.
Plealetmein.
MymothergetsmetoreadEnglisheverymorning.
Hekeptmewaitingfortwohours.
Thenewsthatourteamhadwonthematchmadeuxcited.
8.同位语：表示同一主体的两个不同的词、短语或从句。
（由名词、名词短语、同位语从句）
我们学生应当努力学习。
我最好的朋友小明将去美国留学。
谁下学期将教我们英语的问题尚未得到答复。
我们队赢了比赛的消息让我们兴奋。
众所周知英语变得越来越重要的事实。
我们明天要考试的消息已经公布了。
我们可以怎样进一步合作的问题将在会议上讨论。
Westudentsshouldstudyhard.
Jack,afriendofmine,hasbeenntabroadtostudybyourschool.
ThefactthatEnglishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantisknown
toeveryone.
ThequestionwhowillteachusEnglishwillbeansweredtomorrow.
9.呼语：称呼用语。（如：Sir,YourMajesty,YourHighness,Madam等）。
二、六大基本句型结构
英语的基本句型结构只有三种：1.主谓宾结构；2.主系表结构；e结构。
主谓宾结构又有可引申出三种：1.主谓状结构；2.主谓+双宾语结构；3.主谓宾+宾补结构。
1.主谓宾结构：表示主语做什么；
主语+谓语+宾语+方式状语+地点状语+时间状语.
S+V+O+MA+LA+TA.
IreadEnglishintheclassroomeveryday.
Sheplaysthepianoattentivelyathomeeveryevening.
2.主系表结构：表示主语是什么、怎么样、在哪里；
主语+系动词+表语+地点状语+时间状语。
S+LV+P+LA+TA.
Iamastudentinthisschoolnow.
Shewasverybeautifulwhenshewasinhertwenties.
IwasinBeijinglastSunday.
e结构：表示什么地方有什么；
Therebe+主语+地点状语+时间状语。
Therebe+S+LA+TA.
Thereisabookonthedesknow.
Therewasatreeintheyardtwoyearsago.
4.主语+谓语+(状语).
S+V+（A）.
Shesmiles.
Heislaughingaloud.
5.主语+谓语+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语+地点状语+时间状语.
S+V+DO+Prep.+IO+LA+TA.
=主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+地点状语+时间状语.
S+V+IO+DO+LA+TA.
Sheboughtatieformelastweek.=Sheboughtmeatielastweek.
MarygaveabooktoTomyesterday.=MarygaveTomabookyesterday.
6.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语+(状语)。
S+V+O+OC+(A).
WemadeTommonitoryesterday.
Thegoodnewsmadeushappy.
Thepainisdrivingmemad.
MymothergetsmetoreadEnglisheveryday.
Heshotthewolfdead.
下面我们学习通过在基本句型中加入定语、各种状语等的方式来造复杂的英文句子的方
法。我们将其称为：积木式造句法。
1.主谓宾结构的句子扩充：
（时间状语）+（前置定语）+主语+（后置定语）+谓语+（前置定语）+宾语+（后
置定语）+（地点状语）+（时间状语）.
Aboymetagirl.
Ahandsomeboymetabeautifulgirl.
AhandsomeboywhowaswearingablackT-shirtmetabeautifulgirlthatwas
dresdinaredmini-skirt.
AhandsomeboywhowaswearingablackT-shirtmetabeautifulgirlthatwas
dresdinaredminiskirtintheparkyesterday.
2.主系表结构的句子扩充：
（前置定语）+主语+（后置定语）+系动词+（前置定语）+表语+（后置定语）+
（地点状语）+（时间状语）.
Themanismyteacher.
ThehandsomemanismyEnglishteacher.
ThehandsomemanwhoisstandingtheretalkingwithmymotherismyEnglish
teacherthathasbeenteachingmeathishomeforthreeyears.
e结构的句子扩充：
Therebe+(前置定语)+主语+（后置定语）+（地点状语）+（时间状语）.
Thereisabookonthedesk.
ThereisanEnglishbookonthedesk.
ThereisanEnglishbookonChinehistory,whichwaswrittenbyafamousBritish
historian,onthedeskthatstandsnearthewindow.
积木式造句法是英语学习中最简洁明了的造句方法，同学们一定要多加练习、熟练掌握。
通过这种造句方法我们可以造出大量语法正确、意思清楚地句子，为我们的英语写作打下坚
实的基础。
三、16种时态及10种被动语态
时态的概念：时态用来说明一个动作发生地时间或多个动作发生的时间顺序及所处的状态。
时态分为16种主动语态和10种被动语态。主动语态是以动作的发出者作主语的句子；被
动语态是以动作的承受着作主语的句子。下面我们分开进行学习：
16种时态总表及10种被动语态总表
一般_____时______进行时______完成时_____完成进行时
现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时
现在完成进行时
过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时
过去完成进行时
将来一般将来时
将来进行时
将来完成时
将来完成进行时
过去将来一般过去将来时
过去将来进行时
过去将来完成时
过去将来完成进行时
注：加粗的10种时态具有被动语态，其余6种则没有。
字母符号的定义：S主语、V动词原形、V-ing现在分词、V-ed过去式、P.P.过去分
词、O宾语、P表语、A定语、MA方式状语、LA地点状语、LV系动词、TA时间状语、
OA其他状语、TP时间段。
十六种时态的主动语态：
1.一般现在时：以下三种情况使用一般现在时：
1.经常发生的动作；2.习惯性的动作；3.客观事实和真理。
①主谓宾结构的句子：
a.陈述句肯定句：表示主语经常或习惯于做什么。
S+V+O+MA+LA+TA.
Sheplaysthepianoattentivelyathomeeveryday.
WereadEnglisheveryday.
b.陈述句否定式：表示主语经常或习惯于不做什么。
S+don’t/doesn’t+V+O+MA+LA+TA.
Idon’tbelieveyou.
Wedon’tlikeplayingfootball.
Tomdoesn’tspeakChine.
c.表示“常常，通常”always,often,sometimes,rarely,frequently,never,
ldom,occasionally,usually,generally…
S+always/often/sometimes…+V+O+MA+LA+TA.
S+is/are/am+always/often/sometimes…+P+LA+TA.
Heoftencomestoeme.
Wesometimesstayuplate.
Myfatherisalwaysbusy.
d.一般疑问句式：表示主语经常或习惯于做什么吗。
Do/Does+S+V+O+MA+LA+TA?
Yes,S+do/does./No,S+don’t/doesn’t.
Doyouhavelunchathomeeveryday?
Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.
Doessheplaythepianoatschooleveryday?
Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.
e.选择疑问句式：表示主语经常或习惯于做A还是是做B。
Do/Does+S+V+O1orO2+LA+TA?
Do/Does+S+V+O+MA1orMA2+LA+TA?
Doyouliketeaorcoffee?
Doesyourfriendplayfootballorbasketball?
Doyougotoworkbybusorbybike?
f.反义疑问句式：
S+V+O+MA+LA+TA,don’t/doesn’t+S?
Yes,S+do/does./No,S+don’t/doesn’t.
S+don’t/doesn’t+V+O+MA+LA+TA,do/does+S?
Yes,S+do/does./No,S+don’t/doesn’t.
HecomesfromNorway,doesn’the?
Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.
YoulikeEnglishbest,don’tyou?.
Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.
Yourfatherdoesn’tsmoke,doeshe?
Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.
Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish,doeshe?
Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.
g.特殊疑问句式：提问主语在什么时间、地点、原因、方式等做什么。
Wh-/How+do/does+S+V+O+MA+LA+TA?
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)
Whatdoessheplayatschooleveryday?
Wheredoyouhaveluncheveryday?
h.否定疑问句：（难道）…不…吗？
Isn’t/Aren’t+S+P?
Don’t/Doesn’t+S+V+O+MA+LA+TA?
Whydon’t/doesn’t+S+V+O+MA+LA+TA?
Whyaren’t/isn’t+S+P?
Whyaren’t/isn’t+there+S+LA+TA?
Isn’tthatyourgirlfriend?
Aren’tyoubusytoday?
Don’tyouknowIloveyousomuch?
Whydon’tyoutellhimthetruth?
Whyisn’tthereabridgeovertheriver?
i.习惯了……
S+be/get/become+udto(doing)+O+LA+TA.
S+be/get/become+accustomedto(doing)+O+LA+TA.
Heisudtolivingalone.
Hebecomesudtoloneliness.
Heisaccustomedtogettingupearly.
j.祈使句句式：
V+O+LA+TA,plea.
Don’t+V+O+LA+TA,plea.
Openthedoor,plea.
Don’ttellyourmotherIdrankbeerjustnow,plea.
k.祈使句的反义疑问句式：
V+O+LA+TA,will/won’tyou?
Don’t+V+O+LA+TA,willyou?
Let’s+V+O+LA+TA,shallwe?
Letus+V+O+LA+TA,willyou?
Gotothecinemawithmethivening,will/won’tyou?
Don’topenthedoor,willyou?
Let’sgotothecinema,shallwe?
Letushelpthem,willyou?
②主系表结构的句子：
a.陈述句肯定句式：表示主语现在或当前是什么、怎么样、在哪里。
S+am/is/are+P+LA+TA.
Sheisastudent.
Theyareintelligent.
b.陈述句否定句式：表示主语现在或当前不是什么、不怎么样、不在哪里。
S+am/is/are+not+P+LA+TA.
=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+P+LA+TA.
Iamnothappytoday.
Sheisnotathomenow.
Theyaren’tintheclassroomnow.
c.一般疑问句式：提问主语现在或当前是什么、怎么样、在哪里吗。
Am/Is/Are+S+P+LA+TA?
Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.
Issheastudent?Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.
Aretheyintelligent?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.
d.选择疑问句式：
Am/Is/Are+S+P1orP2+LA+TA?
Isyourfatherateacheroradoctor?
AreyourfriendsfromAmericaorEngland?
e.反义疑问句式：
S+am/is/are+P+LA+TA,isn’t/aren’t+S?
Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.
S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+P+LA+TA,am/is/are+S?
Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.
Youareastudent,aren’tyou?Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.
Iamagoodboy,aren’tI?Yes,youare./No,youarenot.
f.特殊疑问句式：提问主语现在或当前是什么、怎么样、在哪里吗
Wh-/How+is/are/am+S+P+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)
Whatisshe?
Howarethey?
g.祈使句句式：
Be+P+LA+TA,plea.
Don’tbe+P+LA+TA,plea.
Becarefulnexttime,plea.
Don’tbelateagain,plea.
h.祈使句的反义疑问句式：
Be+P+LA+TA,will/won’tyou?
Don’tbe+P+LA+TA,willyou?
Bemorecarefulnexttime,will/won’tyou?
Don’tbeangry,willyou?
③Therebe结构的句子：表示现在或当前什么地方有什么。
a.陈述句肯定句式：
Thereis/are+S+LA.
Thereisabookonthedesk.
Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.
b.陈述句否定句式：
Thereis/are+not+any+S+LA.
=Thereisn’t/aren’t+any+S+LA.
Thereisnotanywaterintheglass.
Therearen’tanystudentsintheclassroom.
c.反义疑问句式：
Thereis/are+S+LA,isn’/aren’t+there?
Thereis/are+not+any+S+LA,is/are+there?
=Thereisn’t/aren’t+any+S+LA,is/are+there?
Yes,there+is/are./No,there+isn’t/aren’t.
Therearetwotigersinthezoo,aren’tthere?
Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.
Thereisn’tanywaterinthecup,isthere?
Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.
d.一般疑问句式：
Is/Are+there+S+LA?
Yes,thereis/are./No,thereisn’t/aren’t.
Isthereanappletreeinyouryard?Yes,thereis.
Arethereanyforeignstudentsinyourclass?No,therearen’t.
e.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+is/are+there+S+LA?
Whatisthereonthedesk?
Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?
2.一般过去时：1.表示主语过去经常做什么或习惯于做什么；
2.表示过去某一时间发生某事；
3.表示主语过去是什么、怎么样、在哪里；
4.表示过去什么地方有什么。
①主谓宾结构的句子：表示在过去的某个时间主语做过什么或某事发生过。
a.陈述句式的肯定句：
S+V-ed+O+LA+TA.
Thehunterkilledawolfintheforestlastnight.
Iwenttothecinemalastevening.
b.陈述句否定句式：
S+didn’t+V+O+LA+TA.
Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday.
Wedidn’tplayfootballatschoolyesterdayafternoon.
c.一般疑问句式：
Did+S+V+O+LA+TA?
Yes,S+did./No,S+didn’t.
Didyouehimintheparkyesterdayafternoon?
Yes,Idid.
Didhetellyouthenewsthatwewillhaveathree-dayholidaynext
week?
No,hedidn’t.
d.选择疑问句式：
Did+S+V+O1orO2+LA+TA?
Did+S+V+O+A1orA2+LA+TA?
Didyourfriendsplayfootballorbasketballyesterdayafternoon?
Didyougotoschoolbybusorbybikethismorning?
e.反义疑问句式：
S+V-ed+O+LA+TA,didn’t+S?
Yes,S+did./No,S+didn’t.
S+didn’t+V+O+LA+TA,did+S?
Yes,S+did./No,S+didn’t.
Youplayedfootballyesterdayafternoon,didn’tyou?
Yes,wedid./No,wedidn’t.
Youdidn’tgotoschoolyesterday,didyou?
Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.
f.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+did+S+V+O+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Who+V-ed+O+LA+TA?（提问主语时）
Whoplayedfootballyesterday?
WhatdidyoudolastSunday?
Wheredidyougolastevening?
HowdidyougotoXi’anyesterday?
g.否定疑问句：（难道）…不…吗？
Wasn’t/Weren’t+S+P+LA+TA?
Didn’t+S+V+O+LA+TA?
Whydidn’t+S+V+O+LA+TA?
Whywasn’t/weren’t+S+P+LA+TA?
Whywasn’t/weren’t+there+S+LA+TA?
Wasn’tthatyourgirlfriendonthebusjustnow?
Weren’tyoubusyyesterday?
Didn’tyouknowthatTomhadstolenyourwatch?
Whydidn’tyoutellhimthetruththen?
Whywasn’tthereabridgeovertherivertwoyearsago?
②主系表结构的句子：表示主语过去是什么、怎么样、在哪里。
a.陈述句肯定式：
S+was/were+P+LA+TA.
Hewasateacherinthisschooltwoyearsago.
Shewasverybeautifulwhenshewasinhertwenties.
b.陈述句否定式：
S+was/were+not+P+LA+TA.
=S+wasn’t/weren’t+P+LA+TA.
Tomwasn’tapolicemantwoyearsago.
Weweren’tathomelastevening.
Shewasn’tbeautifulwhenshewasyoung.
c.一般疑问句式：
Was/Were+S+P+LA+TA？
Yes,S+was/were./No,S+wasn’t/weren’t.
Wassheaworkertwoyearsago?
Washeveryhandsomewhenhewasyoung?
d.选择疑问句式：
Was/Were+S+P1orP2+LA+TA?
S+was/were+P1./S+was/were+P2.
Wasyourfatherateacheroradoctorinthepast?
WereyourfriendsinAmericaorEnglandlastyear?
d.反义疑问句式：
S+was/were+P+LA+TA,wasn’t/weren’t+S?
Yes,S+was/were./No,S+wasn’t/weren’t.
S+wasn’t/weren’t+P+LA+TA,was/were+S?
Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.
YouwereinXi’anyesterday,weren’tyou?
Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.
Hewasagoodboyinthepast,wasn’the?
Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.
e.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+was/were+S+P+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)
Whatwashetwoyearsago?
Wherewereyoulastmonth?
③Therebe结构的句式：表示过去什么地方有什么。
a.陈述句肯定式：
Therewas/were+S+LA+TA.
Therewasatreeinmyyardtwoyearsago.
Therewerewolvesintheforestinthepast.
b.陈述句否定句式：
Therewas/were+not+S+LA+TA.
=Therewasn’t/weren’t+S+LA+TA.
Therewasn’taschoolinthisvillagetenyearsago.
Thereweren’tanystudentsintheclassroomjustnow.
c.一般疑问句式：
Was/Were+there+S+LA+TA?
Yes,therewas/were./No,therewasn’t/weren’t.
Wasthereatempleonthetopofthemountainyearsago?
Weretheremonkeysintheparkinthepast?
d.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+was/were+there+S+LA+TA?
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)
Whatwasthereinmyyardtwoyearsago?
Whereweretheremonkeysinthepast?
e.反义疑问句式：
Therewas/were+S+LA,wasn’/weren’t+there?
Therewas/were+not+any+S+LA,was/were+there?
=Therewasn’t/weren’t+any+S+LA,was/were+there?
Yes,there+was/were./No,there+wasn’t/weren’t.
Thereweretwotreesinyourgardeninthepast,weren’tthere?
Yes,therewere./No,thereweren’t.
Therewasn’tanymoneyinyourpocket,wasthere?
Yes,therewas./No,therewasn’t.
3.一般将来时：
①主谓宾结构的句子：表示主语在将来的某个时间将要做什么。
A.表示按照计划将做某事：
a.陈述句肯定句式：
S+am/is/are+goingto+V+O+LA+TA.
Iamgoingtovisitmyteacheratherhometomorrow.
SheisgoingtostudyinAmericanextyear.
b.陈述句否定句式：
S+am/is/are+not+goingto+V+O+LA+TA.
=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+goingto+V+O+LA+TA.
Wearenotgoingtoplayfootballthisafternoon.
Sheisn’tgoingtostudyinAmericanextyear.
c.一般疑问句式：
Am/Is/Are+S+goingto+V+O+LA+TA?
Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.
Areyougoingtohelpustomorrow?
Isshegoingtomarryherboyfriendnextmonth?
d.选择疑问句式：
Am/Is/Are+S+goingto+V+O1orO2+LA+TA?
Am/Is/Are+S+goingto+V+O+A1orA2+LA+TA?
Areyougoingtoplayfootballorbasketballatschoolthisafternoon?
AreyougoingtogotoBeijingbyplaneorbytrainnextmonth?
e.反义疑问句式：
S+am/is/are+goingto+V+O+LA+TA,isn’t/aren’t+S?
Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.
S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+goingto+V+O+LA+TA,am/is/are+S?
Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.
Youaregoingtobuyadictionarythisafternoon,aren’tyou?
Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.
Tomisn’tgoingtogetmarriednextmonth,ishe?
Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.
f.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+is/are/am+S+goingto+V+O+LA+TA?
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?
Whoisgoingtomarryhernextmonth?
B.表示临时决定做某事：
a.陈述句肯定句式：
S+shall/will+V+O+LA+TA.
Ishallcallhernow.
Theywillleavesoon.
b.陈述句否定句式：
S+shall/willnot+V+O+LA+TA.
Weshallnothaveapartythivening.
Iwillnotgotothecinemawithherthivening.
c.一般疑问句式：
Shall/Will+S+V+O+LA+TA?
Yes,S+shall/will./No,S+shan’t/won’t.
Willtheygototheparkthisafternoon?
Willyouhelpcarrythebox?
d.选择疑问句式：
Shall/Will+S+V+O1orO2+LA+TA?
Shall/Will+S+V+O+A1orA2+LA+TA?
Shallweplayfootballorbasketballatschoolthisafternoon?
WillyougotoXi’anbybusorbycartomorrowmorning?
e.反义疑问句式：
S+shall/will+V+O+LA+TA,shan’t/won’t+S?
Yes,S+shall/will./No,S+shan’t/won’t.
S+shan’t/won’t+V+O+LA+TA,shall/will+S?
Yes,S+shall/will./No,S+shan’t/won’t.
Weshallcleantheclassroomafterclass,shan’twe?
Yes,weshall./No,weshan’t.
TomwillgotoTibettomorrow,won’the?
Yes,hewill./No,shewon’t.
f.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+shall/will+S+V+O+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Whowillcleantheclassroomthisafternoon?
Whenwillyougotoehim?
C.表示按照时间表或安排很快就要发生的事情：
a.陈述句肯定式：
S+am/is/areto+V+O+LA+TA.
Theplaneistotakeoffsoon.
Themeetingistostartat2:30.
b.陈述句否定式：
S+am/is/are+notto+V+O+LA+TA.
Thetrainisnottoleaveinfiveminutes.
Thepartyisnottostartsoon.
c.一般疑问句式：
Am/Is/Are+S+to+V+O+LA+TA?
Isthefilmtobeginsoon?
Isthetraintoleaveinfiveminutes?
d.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+am/is/are+S+to+V+O+LA+TA?
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)
Whenisthetraintoleave?
Whoistoeusoffatthestation?
D.表示即将很快发生的动作：
a.陈述句式：
S+is/are/amaboutto+V+O+LA.
Sheisabouttogiveaspeechtous.
E.具有方向性的动词可以用现在进行时表示将来时：
a.陈述句式：
S+is/are/am+V-ing+O+LA+TA.
Iamcoming.
Theyareleaving.
②主系表结构的句子：表示主语将来将会是什么、怎么样、在哪里。
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
S+am/is/aregoingtobe+P+LA+TA.
S+shall/willbe+P+LA+TA.
IamgoingtobeadoctorwhenIgrowup.
Mymotherwillbeverybusytomorrow.
TomwillbeinXi’antomorrow.
b.陈述句的否定句式：
S+am/is/are+not+goingtobe+P+LA+TA.
=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+goingtobe+P+LA+TA.
S+shall/will+not+be+P+LA+TA.
=S+shan’t/won’t+be+P+LA+TA.
Mybrotherisnotgoingtobeapolicemanaftergraduation.
Iwon’tbeathometomorrowmorning.
c.一般疑问句式：
Am/Is/Are+S+goingtobe+P+LA+TA?
Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.
Shall/Will+S+be+P+LA+TA?
Yes,S+shall/will./No,S+shan’t/won’t.
Areyougoingtobeateacherinthefuture?
Willyoubeathometomorrowevening?
d.选择疑问句式：
Am/Is/Are+S+goingtobe+P1orP2+LA+TA?
Shall/Will+S+be+P1orP2+LA+TA?
Areyougoingtobeateacherorabusinessmaninthefuture?
WillyoubeinXi’anorinYanliangtomorrow?
e.反义疑问句式：
S+am/is/aregoingtobe+P+LA+TA,isn’t/aren’t+S?
Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.
S+shall/willbe+P+LA+TA,shan’t/won’t+S?
Yes,S+shall/wil./No,S+shan’t/won’t.
S+am/is/are+not+goingtobe+P+LA+TA,am/is/are+S?
=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+goingtobe+P+LA+TA,am/is/are+S?
Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.
S+shall/will+not+be+P+LA+TA,shall/will+S?
=S+shan’t/won’t+be+P+LA+TA,shall/will+S?
Yes,S+shall/wil./No,S+shan’t/won’t.
Youaregoingtobeateacherinthefuture,aren’tyou?
Sheisnotgoingtobeanuraftergraduation,isshe?
TomwillbeinXi’antomorrow,isn’the?
Youwon’tbeathometomorrowevening,willyou?
f.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+am/is/are+S+goingtobe+P+LA+TA?
Wh-/How+shall/will+S+be+P+LA+TA?
（提问哪部分就去掉哪部分）
Whatareyougoingtobeinthefuture?
Whereisyourmothergoingtobetomorrow?
Whenwillyoubeatofficetomorrow?
WhywillyoubeinXi’antomorrow?
③Therebe结构的句式：表示将来什么地方将会有什么。
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
Thereis/aregoingtobe+S+LA+TA.
Therewillbe+S+LA+TA.
Thereisgoingtobeafootballmatchatourschooltomorrowafternoon.
Therewillbeaheavyrainthivening.
b.陈述句的否定句式：
Thereis/are+not+goingtobe+S+LA+TA.
=Thereisn’t/aren’t+goingtobe+S+LA+TA.
Therewill+not+be+S+LA+TA.
=Therewon’t+be+S+LA+TA.
Thereisn’tgoingtobeabasketballmatchatourschooltomorrow.
Therewon’tbeanystudentsintheclassroomthivening.
c.反义疑问句式：
Thereis/aregoingtobe+S+LA+TA,isn’t/aren’t+there?
Yes,thereis/are./No,thereisn’t/aren’t.
Therewillbe+S+LA+TA,won’tthere?
Yes,therewill./No,therewon’t.
Thereis/are+not+goingtobe+S+LA+TA,is/are+there?
=Thereisn’t/aren’t+goingtobe+S+LA+TA,is/are+there?
Yes,thereis/are./No,thereisn’t/aren’t.
Therewill+not+be+S+LA+TA,will+there?
=Therewon’t+be+S+LA+TA,will+there?
Yes,therewill./No,therewon’t.
Thereisgoingtobeameetingthisafternoon,isn’tthere?
Therewillbeatesttomorrowmorning,won’tthere?
Thereisn’tgoingtobeanexcitingmovieonTVthivening,isthere?
Therewon’tbeanystudentsintheclassroomthisafternoon,willthere?
d.一般疑问句式：
Is/Are+theregoingtobe+S+LA+TA?
Will+therebe+S+LA+TA?
Aretheregoingtobemanypeopleatyourpartythivening?
WilltherebeanAmericanteacheratyourschoolnextterm?
e.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+is/are+thereis/aregoingtobe+S+LA+TA?
Wh-/How+will+therebe+S+LA+TA?（提问哪部分就去掉哪部分）
Howmanyforeignteachersaretheregoingtobeinyourschoolnext
year?
Howmanypeoplewilltherebeatyourpartythivening?
4.过去将来时：
①主谓宾结构的句子：表示从过去某个时间来看将来某个时间主语将做某事。通
常作宾语从句或构成间接引语。
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+would+V+O+LA+TA.
S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+was/weregoingto+V+O+LA+TA.
Ineverthought(that)youwouldbringmeagiftformybirthday.
Hetoldme(that)hewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.
b.陈述句的否定句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldnot+V+O+LA+TA.
=S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldn’t+V+O+LA+TA.
S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+was/werenotgoingto+V+O+LA+
TA.
S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wasn’t/weren’tgoingto+V+O+LA
+TA.
Hesaid(that)hewouldnothelpusthenextday.
Ihadthought(that)hewouldn’ttellmethetruth.
c.一般疑问句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+would+V+O+LA+TA.
S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+was/weregoingto+V+O+LA+
TA.
Sheasked(me)whether/ifIwouldtakepartinherweddingonthat
Sunday.
Hewantedtoknowwhether/ifwewouldhaveapartythatnight.
d.特殊疑问句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+would+V+O+LA+TA.
S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+was/weregoingto+V+O+LA+
TA.
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Heasked(ourheadteacher)whowouldteachusEnglishthenextterm.
Iasked(her)howshewouldgototheUSA.
②主系表结构的句子：表示从过某个时间来看将来某个时间主语将是什么、怎么
样、在哪里。通常作宾语从句或构成间接引语。
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+would+be+P+LA+TA.
S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+was/weregoingto+be+P+LA+TA.
IneverthoughtthatIwouldbeateacherwhenIgrewup.
HetoldmethathewouldbeinNewYorkthenextmonth.
b.陈述句的否定句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldnot+be+P+LA+TA.
=S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldn’t+be+P+LA+TA.
S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+was/werenotgoingto+be+P+LA+
TA.
=S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wasn’t/weren’tgoingto+be+P+
LA+TA.
Hesaidthathewouldnotbeathomethenextday.
Ihadthoughtthathewouldn’tbeathomewhenIwenttoehim.
c.一般疑问句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+would+be+P+LA+TA.
S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+was/weregoingto+be+P+LA
+TA.
Sheasked(me)whetherIwouldbeadoctoraftergraduation.
Hewantedtoknowwhetherwewouldbeathomethatevening.
d.特殊疑问句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+would+be+P+LA+TA.
S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+was/weregoingto+be+P+LA
+TA.
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Heasked(me)whowouldbeourEnglishteacherthenextterm.
Iasked(her)whereshewouldbethatevening.
③Therebe结构的句子：表示从过某个时间来看将来某个时间什么地方将会有
什么。通常作宾语从句或构成间接引语。
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+was/weregoingtobe+S+LA+TA.
S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+would+be+S+LA+TA.
HetoldmethattherewouldbeafootballmatchonTVthatevening.
Ineverthoughtthattherewouldbesomanypeopleatherparty.
b.陈述句的否定句式：
S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+was/werenotgoingtobe+S+LA+
TA.
=S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+wasn’t/weren’tgoingtobe+S+
LA+TA.
S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+wouldnot+be+S+LA+TA.
=S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+wouldn’t+be+S+LA+TA.
Hesaid(that)therewouldnotbeamovieonTVthatevening.
Ineverthoughtthattherewouldn’tbeanyfoodinmyrefrigerator.
c.一般疑问句式：
S+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+therewas/weregoingtobe+S+LA+
TA.
S+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+there+would+be+S+LA+TA.
Sheasked(me)whether/iftherewouldbeafootballmatchatourschool
thatafternoon.
Hewantedtoknowwhether/iftherewouldbeastormthatevening.
d.特殊疑问句式：
S+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+therewas/weregoingtobe+S+LA+
TA.
S+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+there+would+be+S+LA+TA.
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Heasked(me)howmanypeopletherewouldbeatourEnglishparty
thatevening.
Iasked(her)howmanyAmericanstudentstherewouldbeinherclass
thenextterm.
5.现在进行时：表示此时此刻或当前一段时间主语正在做某事或某事正在发生。
a.陈述句的肯定式：
S+am/is/are+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.
Theyareplayingbasketballhappilyontheplaygroundnow.
MyparentsarewatchingTVinthelivingroomnow.
b.陈述句的否定式：
S+am/is/are+not+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.
=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.
IamnotwatchingTVathomenow.
TheyarenotlearningEnglishintheclassroomnow.
c.反义疑问句式：
S+is/am/are+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,isn’t/aren’t+S?
S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,am/is/are+S?
Yes,S+is/am/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.
YourparentsarewatchingTVinthelivingroom,aren’tthey?
Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.
Youarenotlearninginyourstudynow,areyou/
Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.
d.一般疑问句式：
Is/Are/Am+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?
Issheplayingthepianoinherroomnow?
AretheylearningEnglishintheclassroomnow?
e.选择疑问句式：
Is/Are/Am+S+V-ing+O1or+O2+MA+LA+TA?
Is/Are/Am+S+V-ing+O1or+V-ing+O2+MA+LA+TA?
Aretheyplayingfootballorbasketballontheplaygroundnow?
AreyoulearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomenow?
f.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+is/are/am+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Whoissinginginthenextroomnow?
Wherearetheyplayingfootballnow?
g.否定疑问句式：
Why+isn’t/aren’t+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?
Whyaren’tyousleepingnow?
Whyisn’tshelearningEnglishinherstudynow?
6.过去进行时：表示在过去的某个时间主语正在做某事或某事正在发生。
常用的时间状语有：
atthistimeyesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening;
atthistimelastweek/month/year;atthattime;
atnineo’clockyesterdaymorning;justnow;
fromJunetoAugustlastyear;
when+S+V-ed+O+LA+TA.
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
S+was/were+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.
IwaswatchingTVatthistimelastevening.
TheywerelearningEnglishwhenIwenttoethem.
b.陈述句的否定式：
S+was/were+not+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.
=S+wasn’t/weren’t+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.
IwasnotwatchingTVathomeatnineo’clocklastevening.
TheywerenotlearningEnglishintheclassroomwhenIwenttoe
them.
c.反义疑问句式：
S+was/were+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,wasn’t/weren’t+S?
S+wasn’t/weren’t+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,was/were+S?
Yes,S+was/were./No,S+wasn’t/weren’t.
Yourmotherwascookingsupperwhenyougothome,weren’tshe?
Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.
YouwerenotlearningEnglishinyourstudythen,wereyou?
Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.
d.一般疑问句式：
Was/Were+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?
Yes,S+was/were./No,S+wasn’t/weren’t.
Wassheplayingthepianoinherroomatthistimelastevening?
Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.
WeretheylearningEnglishintheclassroomwhenyougotthere?
Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.
e.选择疑问句式：
Was/Were+S+V-ing+O1or+O2+MA+LA+TA?
Was/Were+S+V-ing+O1or+V-ing+O2+MA+LA+TA?
Weretheyplayingfootballorbasketballontheplaygroundatnine
o’clockthismorning?
Theywereplayingfootball.
WereyoulearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomewhenyourmother
gothome?
IwaslearningEnglishwhenmymothergothome.
f.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+was/were+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Whowassinginginthenextroomjustnow?
Whereweretheyplayingfootballatthistimeyesterdayafternoon?
g.否定疑问句式：
Why+wasn’t/weren’t+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?
Whyweren’tyousleepingattwelveo’clocklastnight?
Whywasn’tshelearningEnglishinherstudyatthistimelastevening?
7.将来进行时：表示在将来的某个时间主语将会正在做某事或某事正在发生。
常用的时间状语有：
atthistimetomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening;
atthistimenextweek/month/year;
atnineo’clocktomorrowmorning;
fromJunetoAugustnextyear;
when+S+V+O+LA+TA.
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
S+am/is/aregoingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.
S+shall/willbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.
I’mgoingtobelearningEnglishatthistimetomorrowmorning.
Wewillbehavingapartyatthistimetomorrowevening.
b.陈述句的否定式：
S+am/is/are+not+goingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.
=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+goingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.
S+shall/willnotbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.
=S+shan’t/won’tbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.
I’mnotgoingtobelearningEnglishinAmericafromJunetoAugustnext
year.
Theywillnotbehavingapartyintheclassroomatveno’clock
tomorrowevening.
c.反义疑问句式：
S+am/is/aregoingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,am/is/are+S?
=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’tgoingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,
am/is/are+S?
Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.
S+shall/willbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,shan’t/won’t+S?
S+shall/willnotbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,shall/will+S?
=S+shan’t/won’tbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,shall/will+S?
Yes,S+shall/will./No,S+shan’t/won’t.
Yourmotherisgoingtobecookingsupperwhenyougethome,isn’t
she?
Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.
Youwillbelearninginyourstudyatnineo’clockthivening,won’t
you?
Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.
d.一般疑问句式：
Am/Is/Are+S+goingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?
Shall/Will+S+be+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?
AreyougoingtobelearningEnglishinAmericafromJunetoAugust
nextyear?
Willyoubeplayingbasketballatthistimetomorrowmorning?
e.选择疑问句式：
Am/Is/Are+S+goingtobe+V-ing+O1or+O2+MA+LA+TA?
Am/Is/Are+S+goingtobe+V-ing+O1or+V-ing+O2+MA+LA
+TA?
Shall/Will+S+be+V-ing+O1or+O2+MA+LA+TA?
Shall/Will+S+be+V-ing+O1or+V-ing+O2+MA+LA+TA?
AreyougoingtobelearningEnglishorJapaneatthistimetomorrow
morning?
AreyougoingtobelearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomethis
evening.
Willtheybeplayingfootballorbasketballontheplaygroundatnine
o’clocktomorrowmorning?
f.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+am/is/are+S+goingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?
Wh-/How+shall/will+S+be+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Whatareyougoingtobedoingatthistimetomorrowafternoon?
Wherewillyoubewaitingformethivening?
g.否定疑问句式：
Why+won’t+S+be+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?
Whywon’tyoubelearningEnglishatnineo’clocktomorrowmorning?
Whywon’ttheybewaitingforusattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning?
8.过去将来进行时：表示从过去某个时间来看将来某个时间主语将会正在做某事或某事正
在发生。通常作宾语从句或构成间接引语。
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldbe+V-ing+O+LA+TA.
HetoldmethathewouldbestudyinginEnglandfromMaytoJulythe
nextyear.
Theteachersaidthatwewouldbehavingatesttomorrowmorning.
b.陈述句的否定句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldnotbe+V-ing+O+LA+TA.
=S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldn’tbe+V-ing+O+LA+TA.
Hesaid(that)hewouldnotbeplayingfootballatschoolthatafternoon.
Ihadthought(that)hewouldn’tbeattendingthemeetingthatevening.
c.一般疑问句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+wouldbe+V-ing+O+LA+TA.
Sheasked(me)whether/ifIwouldbehavingapartythatSaturday
evening.
Hewantedtoknowwhether/ifwewouldbedoingourhomeworkatnine
o’clockthatevening.
d.特殊疑问句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+wouldbe+V-ing+O+LA+TA.
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Heaskedwhatwewouldbedoingatthattimethenextday.
Hewantedtoknowwhowouldbegivingusaspeechthenextmorning.
9.现在完成时:
①主谓宾结构的句子：表示到目前为止主语已经做过某事或某事已经发生。
常用的时间状语有：
since2000;for+TP;sofar;uptonow;
since+TP+ago;(ever)since+S+V-ed+O+LA+TA;
inthepastfewyears;(ever)since+S+was/were+P+LA+TA;
inthepastthreeyears;
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
S+have/has+(already)+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA.
Ihavealreadyenthemovie.
Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolinthepastfewyears.
b.陈述句的否定句式：
S+have/has+not+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.
=S+haven’t/hasn’t+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.
Ihavenotreadthebookcarefullyyet.
Shehasn’tfinishedherhomeworkyet.
c.反义疑问句式：
S+have/has+(already)+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA,haven’t/hasn’t
+S?
S+have/has+not+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,have/has+S?
=S+haven’t/hasn’t+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,have/has+S?
Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.
Youhavealreadytoldhimthegoodnews,haven’tyou?
Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.
Tomhasn’tlearnttodriveacaryet,hashe?
Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.
d.一般疑问句式：
Have/Has+S+P.P.+O+LA+TA+yet?
Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.
Haveyoutoldhimthenewsyet?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.
HasMaryfinishedherhomeworkyet?Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.
e.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+have/has+S+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA?
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Whathaveyoudonetomydog?
Whathavehappenedinourschoolinthepastfewyears?
②主系表结构的句子：表示到目前为止主语已经一直是什么、怎么样、在哪里多
长时间了。
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
S+have/hasbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA.
Ihavebeenateacherinthisschoolforfiveyears.
Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears.
Myfatherhasbeenoutfortwohours.
TomhasbeeninChinaforthreeyears.
Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.
b.陈述句的否定句式：
S+have/hasnotbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA.
=S+haven’t/hasn’tbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP
+TA.
Ihaven’tbeenabigbrotherformanyyears.
Shehasn’tbeenwellforthreedays.
Myfatherhasn’tbeenhomefortwomonths.
Ihaven’tbeenthereforalongtime.
c.反意疑问句式：
S+have/hasbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,haven’t/hasn’t+S?
S+have/hasnotbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,have/has+S?
=S+haven’t/hasn’tbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,have/has+S?
Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.
Youhavebeenabusinessmanforfiveyears,haven’tyou?
Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.
Shehasn’tbeeninChinaforalongtime,hasshe?
Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.
d.一般疑问句式：
Have/Has+S+been+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA?
Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.
HaveyoubeeninChinafortwentyyears?
Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.
Hasyourmotherbeenanurfortwenty-fiveyears?
Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.
e.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/Howhave/has+S+been+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for
+TP+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Whohasbeenaworkerinthisfactoryforthirtyyears?
HowmanyyearshasTombeeninChina?
③Therebe结构的句子：表示到目前为止什么地方已经有过什么或有什么多长
时间了。
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
Therehave/hasbeen+S+LA+TA.
TherehavebeengreatchangesinChinasince1978.
TherehasbeenabridgeovertheriversincetheTangDynasty.
Therehavebeenthreeaccidentsinonemonth.
b.陈述句的否定句式：
Therehave/hasnotbeen+S+LA+TA.
=Therehaven’t/hasn’tbeen+S+LA+TA.
Therehasn’tbeenasingledaywhenIdon’tthinkofyousinceyouleft.
Therehasn’tbeenmuchprogressinyourEnglishinthepastfewyears.
Therehaven’tbeenmanybooksonthattopicsince2000.
c.反义疑问句式：
Therehave/hasbeen+S+LA+TA,haven’t/hasn’tthere?
Therehave/hasnotbeen+S+LA+TA,have/hasthere?
=Therehaven’t/hasn’tbeen+S+LA+TA,have/hasthere?
Yes,therehave/has./No,therehaven’t/hasn’t.
There?has?been?anaccident,?hasn't?there?
Yes,therehas./No,therehasn’t.
Therehaven’tbeenanychangesinthiscity,havethere?
Yes,therehave./No,therehaven’t.
d.一般疑问句式：
Have/Hastherebeen+S+LA+TA?
Yes,therehave/has./No,therehaven’t/hasn’t.
HastherebeenawomanpresidentinAmericanhistory?
Yes,therehas./No,therehasn’t.
Havetherebeenalotofchangesinyourcityinthepastfewyears?
Yes,therehave./No,therehaven’t.
e.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+have/hastherebeen+S+LA+TA?
HowmanyUSPresidentshavetherebeeninhistory?
There?have?been?44menwhorvedasUSPresidentasof2015.?
Howmanymoonlandingshavetherebeeninhumanhistory?
Therehavebeenfourmoonlandingsinhumanhistory.
10.过去完成时：
常用的时间状语有：
bytheendoflastyear/month/week;
when/before+S+V-ed+O+LA+TA;
before2000;
①主谓宾结构的句子：表示在过去某一时间之前主语已经做过某事或某事已经发
生。
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
S+had+(already)+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA.
Ihadalreadyfinishedmyhomeworkwhenmymothergothome.
Tomhadlearnt3000Englishwordsbytheendoflastmonth.
b.陈述句的否定句式：
S+had+never/not+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.
=S+hadn’t+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.
IhadneverenaforeignerbeforeIleftmyhometownforuniversity.
Shehadn’tcookeddinneryetwhenherhusbandgothome.
c.反义疑问句式：
S+had+(already)+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA,hadn’t+S?
S+had+never/not+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,had+S?
=S+hadn’t+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,had+S?
Yes,S+had./No,S+hadn’t.
Youhadalreadyenhimbeforetheparty,hadn’tyou?
Yes,Ihad./No,Ihadn’t.
Tomhadn’tlearntChinebeforecomingtoChina,hadhe?
Yes,hehad./No,hehadn’t.
c.一般疑问句式：
Had+S+P.P.+O+LA+TA+yet?
Yes,S+had./No,S+hadn’t.
Hadtheplaystartedwhenyougottothecinema?
Hadtheyleftwhenyougottotheparty?
d.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+had+S+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA?
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Whathadhappenedwhenyougotthere?
Whohadalreadyleftwhenwegottotheparty?
②主系表结构的句子：表示在过去的某个时间之前主语已经一直是什么、怎么样、
在哪里多长时间了。
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
S+hadbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA.
IhadbeenateacherinthisschoolfornineyearswhenIresigned.
Hehadbeenillfortwoyearsbeforehedied.
Hehadbeeninthecountysidefortwentyyearsbeforeheleftfor
Shenzhen.
b.陈述句的否定句式：
S+hadnotbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA.
=S+hadn’tbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA.
Hehadn’tbeenwellforalongtimebeforehewasnttohospital.
Hehadn’tbeenintouchwithusfortwentyyearsbeforethereunion.
c.反意疑问句式：
S+hadbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,hadn’t+S?
S+hadnever/notbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,had+S?
=S+hadn’tbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,had+S?
Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.
Shehadbeenillforfiveyearsbeforehedied,hadn’tshe?
Yes,shehad./No,shehadn’t.
d.一般疑问句式：
Had+S+been+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA?
Yes,S+had./No,S+hadn’t.
Hadtheybeeninloveforfiveyearsbeforetheygotmarried?
Yes,theyhad./No,theyhadn’t.
Hadyourfatherbeenanengineerfortenyearsbeforehetuphisown
factory?
Yes,hehad./No,shehadn’t.
e.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/Howhad+S+been+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for
+TP+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Whohadbeeninthelibrarybeforethemurderhappened?
Howmanyyearshadyoubeenateacherbeforeyouresigned?
③Therebe结构的句子：表示在过去某个时间之前，什么地方已经有过什么或
有什么多长时间了。
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
Therehadbeen+S+LA+TA.
Therehadbeenagreatstormbeforetheearthquake.
Therehadbeenanancientbridgeovertheriverbeforeliberation.
b.陈述句的否定句式：
Therehad+never/notbeen+S+LA+TA.
=Therehadn’tbeen+S+LA+TA.
TherehadneverbeenasingledaywhenIdidn’tstudyhardbeforeI
wenttocollege.
Therehadn’tbeenmuchprogressinhisEnglishbeforehecametoCool
&QuickEducationCenter.
Therehadn’tbeenanybooksonthattopicbefore2000.
c.反义疑问句式：
Therehadbeen+S+LA+TA,hadn’tthere?
Therehadnever/notbeen+S+LA+TA,hadthere?
=Therehadn’tbeen+S+LA+TA,hadthere?
Yes,therehad./No,therehadn’t.
Therehadn’tbeenanychangesinthiscitybefore2000,hadthere?
Yes,therehad./No,therehadn’t.
d.一般疑问句式：
Hadtherebeen+S+LA+TA?
Yes,therehad./No,therehadn’t.
HadtherebeenablackpresidentinAmericabefore2008?
No,therehadn’sthefirstblackpersontohavebeenelected
USPresident
HadtherebeenalotofchangesinyourcitybeforeJackWoodbecame
Mayor?
Yes,therehad./No,therehadn’t.
e.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+hadtherebeen+S+LA+TA?
HowmanyUSPresidentshadtherebeenasof2008?
There?had?been?43menwhorvedasUSPresidentasof2008.?
Howmanymoonlandingshadtherebeenbefore2000?
Therehadbeenfourmoonlandingsbefore2000.
11.将来完成时：
常用的时间状语有：
bytheendofthisyear/month/week;
bythetime+S+V+O+LA+TA;
when/before+S+V+O+LA+TA;
by+将来的一个时间;
①主谓宾结构的句子：表示到将来某一时间之前主语已经做过某事或某事已经发
生。
a.陈述句肯定句式：
S+shall/willhave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.
S+am/is/aregoingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.
She'llhavevisitedtencountriesbythetimeshegetsback.
I'llhavefinishedthisprojectbyFriday
Tomwillhavealreadyleftwhenwegetthere.
MarywillhaveleftforAmericabytheendofthisyear.
BynextNovember,I?willhavereceived?mypromotion.
You?aregoingtohaveperfected?yourEnglishbythetimeyoucome
backfromtheU.S.
Bythetimehe?gets?home,she?isgoingtohavecleaned?theentire
hou.
b.陈述句的否定句式：
S+willnot+have+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.
=S+won’t+have+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.
S+am/is/are+not+goingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.
=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’tgoingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.
Marywon’thavefinishedherhomeworkyetwhenwegethome.
Ihopetheywon’thaveleftbythetimewegetthere.
Thefilmwillnothavebegunwhenwegettothecinema.
I?amnotgoingtohavefinished?thistestby3o'clock.
c.反义疑问句式：
S+willhave+(already)+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA,won’t+S?
S+willnothave+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,will+S?
=S+won’thave+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,will+S?
Yes,S+will./No,S+won’t.
S+am/is/are+not+goingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA,aren’t/isn’t
+S?
=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’tgoingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA,am/is
are+S?
Youwillhavealreadyfinishedyourhomeworkbythreeo’clock,won’t
you?
Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.
Tomwon’thavearrivedyetwhenwegetthere,willhe?
Yes,hewill./No,hewon’t.
Youaregoingtohavevisitedmorethanonehundredcountriesbythe
endofthisyear,aren’tyou?
Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.
e.一般疑问句式：
Will+S+have+P.P.+O+LA+TA+yet?
Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.
Am/Is/Are+S+goingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA?
Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.
Will?she?havelearned?enoughChinetocommunicatebefore
she?moves?toBeijing?
Yes,shewill./No,shewon’t.
IsSusangoingtohavehad?mybookforaweekbyMonday?
Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.
f.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+will+S+have/has+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA?
Wh-/How+am/is/are+S+goingtohave+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA?
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Whatwillyouhavedonebythetimeyourparentsgethome?
Howmanycountries?are?you?goingtohavevisited?bythetime
you?turn?50?
②主系表结构的句子：表示到将来的一个时刻为止，主语已经一直是什么、怎么
样、在哪里多长时间了。
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
S+willhavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA.
S+am/is/are+goingtohavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+
for+TP+TA.
Iwillhavebeenateacherinthisschoolforfiveyearsbytheendofthis
year.
HewillhavebeendeadfortwomonthbyJune8.
MymotherisgoingtohavebeenanurfortwentyyearsbynextMay.
b.陈述句的否定句式：
S+willnothavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA.
=S+won’thavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA.
S+am/is/arenotgoingtohavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+
for+TP+TA.
=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’tgoingtohavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)
+LA+for+TP+TA.
Iwillnothavebeenaworkerfortwoyearsbytheendofthisyear.
MyfatherisnotgoingtohavebeeninBeijingforthreeweeksbytheend
ofthisweek.
c.反意疑问句式：
S+willhavebeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,won’t+S?
S+willnothavebeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,will+S?
=S+won’thavebeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,will+S?
Yes,S+will./No,S+won’t.
Youwillhavebeenabusinessmanforfiveyearsbytheendofthisyear,
won’tyou?
Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.
Sheisn’tgoingtohavebeenwellforthreemonthsbytheendofJuly,is
she?
Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.
d.一般疑问句式：
Will+S+have+been+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA?
Yes,S+will./No,S+won’t.
Am/Is/Are+S+goingtohave+been+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA
+for+TP+TA?
Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.
WillyouhavebeeninChinafortwentyyearsbythenendofthisyear?
Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.
Isyourmothergoingtohavebeenanurfortwenty-fiveyearsbynext
month?
Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.
e.特殊疑问句式：
Wh-/How+will+S+havebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for
+TP+TA?
Wh-/How+am/is/are+S+goingtohavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短
语)+LA+for+TP+TA?
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
Whowillhavebeenaworkerinthisfactoryforthirtyyearsbytheendof
thisyear?
HowmanyyearsisTomgoingtohavebeeninChinabynext
December?
12.过去将来完成时：
①主谓宾结构的句子：表示从过某个时间来看，到将来某一时间之前主语已经做过
某事或某事已经发生：
a.陈述句肯定句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+that+S2+wouldhave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.
HetoldmethathewouldhaveleftChinabytheendofthatyear.
Shetoldmethatshewouldhavebeenmarriedfortenyearsbythat
June.
b.一般疑问句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+wouldhave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.
HeaskedmewhetherIwouldhavegonetoAmericabytheendofthat
year.
IwantedtoknowwhetherhewouldhaveretiredbythatJuly.
c.特殊疑问句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+wouldhave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.
(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
HeaskedmehowlongIwouldhavebeenmarriedbytheendofthat
year?
HeaskedmewhereIwouldhavegonebythatJuly.
②主系表结构的句子：表示从过去某个时间来看，到将来的一个时刻为止，主语
已经一直是什么、怎么样、在哪里多长时间了。
a.陈述句的肯定句式：
S1+V-ed+(O)+that+S2+wouldhavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介词短
语)+LA+for+TP+TA.
S1+V-ed+(O)+that+S2+was/were+goingtohavebeen+P(n,
adj,adv,介词短语)+LA+for+TP+TA.
Iwillhavebeenateacherinthisschoolforfiveyearsbytheendofthis
year.
HewillhavebeendeadfortwomonthbyJune8.
MymotherisgoingtohavebeenanurfortwentyyearsbynextMay.
S+am/is/aregoingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.
She'llhavevisitedtencountriesbythetimeshegetsback.
I'llhavefinishedthisprojectbyFriday
Tomwillhavealreadyleftwhenwegetthere.
MarywillhaveleftforAmericabytheendofthisyear.
BynextNovember,I?willhavereceived?mypromotion.
You?aregoingtohaveperfected?yourEnglishbythetimeyoucome
backfromtheU.S.
Bythetimehe?gets?home,she?isgoingtohavecleaned?theentire
hou.
b.陈述句的否定句式：
S+willnot+have+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.
=S+won’t+have+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.
S+am/is/are+not+goingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.
=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’tgoingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.
Marywon’thavefinishedherhomeworkyetwhenwegethome.
Ihopetheywon’thaveleftbythetimewegetthere.
Thefilmwillnothavebegunwhenwegettothecinema.
I?amnotgoingtohavefinished?thistestby3o'clock.
F.陈述句式：S+V+(O)+that+S+wouldhave+P.P.+O+LA
+TA.
methathewouldhaveleftChinabytheendofthatyear.
ShetoldmethatshewouldhavebeenmarriedfortenyearsbythatJune.
G.一般疑问句式：S+V+(O)+whether+S+wouldhave+P.P.+O
+LA+TA.
dmewhetherIwouldhavegonetoAmericabytheendofthat
year.
IwantedtoknowwhetherhewouldhaveretiredbythatJuly.
H.特殊疑问句式：S+V+(O)+wh-/how+S+wouldhave+P.P.+O
+LA+TA.(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
dmehowlongIwouldhavebeenmarriedbytheendofthat
year?
HeaskedmewhereIwouldhavegonebythatJuly.
13.现在完成进行时：表示一个动作从过去的某个时间开始一直持续到现在，已经有多长时
间了：
a)陈述句式：S+have/hasbeen+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA.
eenteachingEnglishfortenyearsinthisschool.
Shehasbeenplayingthepianofortwohours.
b)一般疑问句式：Have/Has+S+been+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA
+TA?
eybeenplayingbasketballfortwohours?
HasshebeenlearningEnglishfortenyears?
c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+have/has+S+been+V-ing+O+for
+TP+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
beenlearningEnglishfortenyears?
Howlonghavetheybeenplayingbasketball?
14.过去完成进行时：表示一个动作从过去的某个时间开始一直持续到过去的另外一个时
间，已经有多长时间了：
a)陈述句式：S+hadbeen+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA.
beenplayingthepianofortwohourswhenhermothercame
home.
Ihadbeenwaitingfortwohourswhenhecame.
b)一般疑问句式：Had+S+been+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA?
beenwaitingforalongtimewhenhecame?
Hadtheybeenplayingbasketballfortwohourswhenoneofthemgot
hurt.
c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+had+S+been+V-ing+O+for+TP
+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
beenlearningEnglishfortenyearsbytheendoflastyear?
Howlonghadyoubeenplayingthepianowhenyourmothercame
home?
15.将来完成进行时：表示到将来的某个时间主语就已经一直做某事多长时间了：
a)陈述句式：S+willhavebeen+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA.
avebeenlearningEnglishfortenyearsbytheendofthisyear.
TheywillhavebeenworkinginthisschoolforfiveyearsbynextJune.
b)一般疑问句式：Will+S+willhavebeen+V-ing+O+for+TP
+LA+TA?
uhavebeenplayingfootballfortwohoursby4o’clock?
Willtheyhavebeenlivinghereforthreeyearsbytheendofthisyear?
c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+wll+S+willhavebeen+V-ing+O
+for+TP+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
gwillyouhavebeenlearningEnglishbytheendofthisyear?
Whowillhavebeenplayingfootballfortwohoursby4o’clock?
16.过去将来完成进行时：表示从过某个时间来看，到将来的某个时间主语就已经一直做某
事多长时间了：
a)陈述句式：S+V+(O)+that+S+wouldhavebeen+V-ing+O
+for+TP+LA+TA.
methathewouldhavebeenworkinginXi’anforthreeyearsby
theendofthatyear.
Hesaidthathisfatherwouldhavebeenteachingintheschoolforthirty
yearsbytheendofthatyear.
b)一般疑问句式：S+V+(O)+whether+S+wouldhavebeen
+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA.
dmewhetherIwouldhavebeenwaitingfortwohourby10
o’clock.
ShewantedtoknowwhetherIwouldhavebeenlearningEnglishforten
yearsbytheendofthatyear.
c)特殊疑问句：S+V+(O)+wh-/how+S+wouldhavebeen
+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA.
dmehowlongIwouldhavebeenlearningEnglishbytheendof
thatyear.
Hewantedtoknowwhowouldhavebeenworkinginthefactoryfor30
yearsbytheendofthatDecember.
十种被动语态：
被动语态是相对于主动语态而言的。主动语态是指动作的发出者作主语的句子;被动语
态是指动作的承受着作主语的句子。即被动语态中的主语就是主动语态中的宾语。
什么时候使用被动语态？
1、当不知道动作的发出者时；
2、为了强调动作的承受者时。
字母符号的定义：S主语、V动词原形、V-ing现在分词、V-ed过去式、P.P.过去分词、
O宾语、P表语、A定语、LA地点状语、TA时间状语、OA其他状语、TP时间段、Doer
动作发出者。
1.一般现在时：表示某人或某物经常或习惯于被怎么样：
a)陈述句式：S+is/are/am+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.
llisplayedallovertheworld.
EnglishistaughtinallthemiddleschoolsinChina.
b)一般疑问句式：Is/Are/Am+S+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA？
putersudinyourEnglishteaching?
IsTomoftenlaughedatbyhisclassmates?
c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+is/are/am+S+is/are/am+P.P.+by
+Doer+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
ftenpunishedbyyourteacher?
Whatforeignlanguageistaughtinyourschool?
2.一般过去时：表示在过去某个时间某人或某物被怎么样了：
a)陈述句式：S+was/were+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.
ttenbyadogintheparkyesterday.
TheDepartmentStorewasburntdownlastnight.
b)一般疑问句式：Was/Were+S+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA?
punishedbyhisfatherlastevening?
Wereyoucaughtpickingflowersinthegardenlastweek?
c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+was/were+S+P.P.+by+Doer+LA
+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
caughtstealingbooksinthebookstoreyesterday?
BywhomwasTompunishedyesterday?
3.一般将来时：表示在将来某个时间某人或某物将被怎么样：
a)陈述句式：S+willbe+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.
S+am/is/aregoingtobe+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.
ryschoolwillbetupinthesmallvillagenextyear.
Anotherbridgewillbebuiltovertheriversoon.
b)一般疑问句式：Will+S+be+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA?
ewlibrarybebuiltinourschoolnextyear?
Willshebentabroadtostudymedicinebyourschoolnextterm?
c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+will+S+be+P.P.+by+Doer+LA
+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
lbentabroadtostudymedicinebyourschoolnextterm?
Wherewillanewlibrarybebuiltnextyear?
4.一般过去将来时：表示从过某个时间来看，在将来某个时间某人或某物将被怎么样：
a)陈述句式：S+V-ed+(O)+that+S+would+be+P.P.+by+Doer
+LA+TA.
methathewouldbentabroadtostudymedicinebyourschool
thenextyear.
Theheadmastertoldusthatanewforeignteacherwouldbehiredtoteach
inourschoolthenextterm.
b)一般疑问句式：S+V+(O)+whether/if+S+would+be+P.P.+by
+Doer+LA+TA.
dmewhetherTomwouldbentabroadbyourschoolthenext
year.
Marywantedtoknowwhetherthesportsmeetwouldbeheldthenext
month.
c)特殊疑问句式：S+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S+would+be+P.P.+by
+Doer+LA+TA.
dentswantedtoknowwhowouldbechontoattendthemeeting
thenextweek.
Theyaskedmewhenthepartywouldbeheldinhonorofthenewstudent.
5.现在进行时：表示此时此刻或当前一段时间某人或某物正在被怎么样：
a)陈述句式：S+is/are/am+being+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.
eisbeingbuiltovertheriverbytheconstructionfirmnow.
Mybikeisbeingrepairedbythetechniciannow.
b)一般疑问句式：Is/Are/Am+S+being+P.P.+by+Doer+LA
+TA?
librarybeingbuiltinyourschoolnow?
Aretheybeingpunishedbyyourhead-teachernow?
c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+is/are/am+S+being+P.P.+by
+Doer+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
eingpunishedbyyourhead-teachernow?
Whatisbeingbuiltinyourschool?
6.过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻或一段时间某人或某物正在被怎么样：
a)陈述句式：S+was/were+being+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.
dgewasbeingbuiltbytheconstructionfirmatthistimelastyear.
Mybikewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.
b)一般疑问句式：Was/Were+S+being+P.P.+by+Doer+LA
+TA?
rhoubeingdecoratedatthistimelastyear.
WasTombeingpunishedbyhisfatherwhenyouwenttoehim
yesterday?
c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+was/were+S+being+P.P.+by
+Doer+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
beingpunishedbyourteacheratthistimeyesterday?
Wherewasanewlibrarybeingbuiltatthistimelastyear?
7.现在完成时：表示到目前为止某人或某物已经被怎么样：
a)陈述句式：S+have/has+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.
hasbeensoldbyitsowner.
Hisnewnovelhasbeenpublishedbyafamouspublisher.
b)一般疑问句式：Have/Has+S+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA?
rmotherbeentoldthenews?
Havetheybeenntabroadtostudyphysicsbyyourschool?
c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+have/has+S+been+P.P.+by+Doer
+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
ebeenntabroadtostudyphysicsbyourschool?
Whonovelhasbeenpublishedbythefamouspublisher?
8.过去完成时：表示在过去某一时间之前某人或某物已经被怎么样：
a)陈述句式：S+had+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.
nstadiumforthe2008BeijingOlympicshadbeen
completedbytheendof2007.
Manyofhispoemshadbeenpublishedbeforehegraduatedfrom
university.
b)一般疑问句式：Had+S+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA?
firebeenputoutbeforethefiremenarrived?
Hadtheybeentoldthenewsbeforeitwasofficiallyannounced?
c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+had+S+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA
+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
dbeendonebeforethefiremenarrived?
Whohadbeencaughtbeforethepolicemanarrived?
9.将来完成时：表示到将来的某一时间之前某人或某物已经被怎么样：
a)陈述句式：S+willhave+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.
rschoolwillhavebeentupinthevillagebytheendofnextyear.
TheywillhavebeenntabroadtolearnEnglishbyourschoolbynextJuly.
b)一般疑问句式：Will+S+have+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA
+TA?
ewlibraryhavebeenbuiltinourschoolbytheendofnextyear?
WillyouhavebeennttoAmericabyyourparentsbynextJune?
c)特殊疑问句式：Wh-/How+will+S+have+been+P.P.+by
+Doer+LA+TA?(提问哪部分就去掉哪部)
llhavebeenbuiltinourschoolbytheendofnextyear?
HowmanystudentswillhavebeennttoBritainbyyourschoolbythe
endofnextyear?
10.过去将来完成时：表示从过某个时间来看，到将来的某一时间之前某人或某物已经被怎
么样：
a)陈述句式：S+V+(O)+that+S+wouldhave+been+P.P.+by
+Doer+LA+TA.
methathewouldhavebeenntabroadbyhisparentsbythe
endofthatyear.
Iwastoldthatanewlibrarywouldhavebeenbuiltinourschoolbythe
endofthatyear.
b)一般疑问句式：S+V+(O)+whether+S+wouldhave+been
+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.
dmewhetheranewbridgewouldhavebeenbuiltovertheriver
bytheendofthenextyear.
Hewantedtoknowwhethermorestudentswouldhavebeenntabroad
byourschoolbythenextAugust.
c)特殊疑问句式：S+V+(O)+wh-/how+S+wouldhave+been
+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.
kedmewhatwouldhavebeenbuiltinourtownbytheendofthat
year.
Theywantedtoknowwhowouldhavebeennttostudyinthat
universitybytheendofthenextJuly.
被动语态的特例：
1.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中可用被动语态表示：
idthat…据说……
Itisreportedthat…据报道……
Itissuppodthat…据推测……
Itishopedthat…希望……
Itiswellknownthat…众所周知……
Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…普遍认为……
Itissuggestedthat…有人建议……
……
idthatheisfamousinhisowncountry.
ItisreportedthatPresidentHuwillvisittheUSAsoon.
ItishopedthatshecanbeadmittedintoPekingUniversity.
ItiswellknownthatJackChenisafamousactionactor.
Itissuggestedthatwe(should)haveapartyonthisweekend.
2.主动形式表示被动的意义：
a)“表示事物形态特征的系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,em,go,
prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+形容词/名词”构成系表结构：
wersmellssweet.
Thefoodhasgonebad.
Theclothfeelssoft.
Shefellilllastevening.
Thesongsoundsbeautiful.
b)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如：read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,drive,ll,
wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink等：
writessmoothly.
Hisbookllswell.
Themachinerunswell.
Theclotheswasheasily.
Thedoorlockshard.
c)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如：begin,finish,start,open,clo,stop,end,
shut,run,move等：
lishclassfinishedearlytoday.
Thestoreopensat8o’clockinthemorning.
Thefactoryisclosingdown.
Thefilmstartssoon.
d)Need,want,require,worth常用主动语态表示被动语态的意思：
句式结构：S+need/want/require+V-ing
=S+need/want/require+tobe+P.P.
S+is/are+worth+V-ing.
ntsneedwatering.=Theplantsneedtobewatered.
Myshoeswantwashing.=Myshoeswanttobewashed.
Yourbikerequiresrepairing.=Yourbikerequirestoberepaired.
Thefilmiswortheingtwice.
Thenovelisnotworthreading.
e)“介词in,on,under,beyond等+名词”构成介词短语表示被动意义，名词前通
常无冠词。如：undercontrol,underrepair,underdiscussion,under
construction,beyondbelief,beyondone’sreach,beyondourhope,forsale,in
print,insight,onshow,ontrial,outofsight,outoffashion等：
isunderrepair.
Hisnewnovelisonsalenow.
Yoursuggestionisunderdiscussionnow.
f)有些形容词后的动词不定式有被动的含义。
句型为：S+be+adj.(easy/hard/difficult/heavy/light
/comfortable/fit/dangerous+to+V+O.
kishardtodo.
Englishisinterestingtolearn.
Sheisdifficulttogetalongwith.
g)在too…to…和enoughtodo结构中，主动句式表被动：
kistooheavytopick.
Thestoryisnotinterestingenoughtopublish.
Thepigisheavyenoughtoll.
h)在“S+have/has+n+to+V”句型中，主动句式表被动：
uchhomeworktodotoday.
Hehasabigfamilytosupport.
+P.P.结构的用法：
a)表示突然、偶然、意外发生的事：
urtwhileplayingfootball.
Mywalletgotstolenyesterday.
b)表示反身行为而不是被动：
enotimetogetchanged.
I’vegottogetdresdbeforetheycome.
c)表示强调：
getinvitedtoherwedding?
Didshegetfiredforleakingthebusinesscretofthecompany?
高考英语动词时态陷阱题总结归纳
1.“I_____histelephonenumber.”“Ihavehisnumber,butI____tobringmyphonebook.”
???,forget???????,forgot
,forgot???,forget
2.—Oh,I______wherehelives.
???—Don’tyoucarryyouraddressbook？
???—No,I______tobringit.
???,forget?????????,forgot
,forgot?????????,forget
pedtoeheroffatthestation,butI_____toobusy.
????????????????????n
e????????????avebeen
opedtocatchthe10：20train,but_____itwasgone.
?????????????????nd
ind?????????avefound
opedthatyouwouldbeabletovisitus,butyou_____.
???’t???????????????????’t
’t??????????????????othave
antedtocometoehim,butwe____notime.
??????????????????????
ave????????????avehad
pectedtocomeovertoeyoulastnight,butsomeone______andIcouldn’t
getaway.
????led
avecalled
fficaccidentwouldn’thavehappenedyesterday,butthedriver_______really
careless.
???n
！Just_____atthetime！I_____noideaitwassolate.
???,have?g,,g,have
10.“Yourphonenumberagain？I_____quitecatchit.”“It’s4331577”
???’’’t????????????’t
11.“MrSmithisn’tcomingtonight.”“Buthe_____.”
???es?omi?mid
12.“Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing！”“Oh,I’mterriblysorry._____.”
???A.I’mnotnoticing??????’tnoticing
’tnoticed?????’tnotice
13.“Ohit’syou！I________you.”“I’vehadmyhaircut.”
???’trealize??’trealizedC.
didn’trecognize??????’trecognized
14.“What’shernewtelephonenumber？”“Oh,I_____.”
????C.
hadforgotten????????????????????etting
15.“Sinceyou’veagreedtogo,whyaren’tyougettingready？”“ButI______thatyou
wouldhavemestartatonce.”
???’trealize??’’trealized??’trealized
16.“It’stwelveo’clock,IthinkImustbeoffnow.”“Oh,really？I______itatall.”
???’trealize?????’trealized
’trealize???????????????’trealized
h______abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhetherhehas
finishedit.
???tten?tten??ting
_______notwhathe_______.
???,is?????????????????,,was??????????,
is
19.“Whatplaceisit？”“Haven’tyoufoundoutwe_____backwherewe______？”
???,hadbeen?????????en,are
,,hadbeen
’tknowifhe_____ornottomorrow.
??????????????????ng
’tknowifshe_____,butifshe____Iwillletyouknow.
???,comes???????me,willcome
,willcome????me,comes
22.“When_____hecome？”“Idon’tknow,butwhenhe_____,I’lltellyou.”
???,comes????????,willcome
,willcome?????,comes
23.“Whenhe_____isnotknownyet.”“Butwhenhe____,hewillbewarmlywelcomed.”
???,comes????????me,willcome
,willcome?????me,comes
dge,which_____1688,needsrepairing.
???dfrom?edfromC.
datesfrom??????????rom
25.“You’veleftthelighton.”“Oh,soIhave._____andturnitoff.”
???A.I’llgo??????????B.I’??????????????D.I’mgoing
thatlittleboywanderingabout—perhapshe_____hismother.
??????????????t???????????
lost
’sgoodthatwe_____totheparkbecauit’sstartedtorain.
???’tgo?????????’’tgo?????????’t
going
3.I_____forfiveminutes；whydon’ttheycome？
???ing????????ling?????
beencalling
_____yourturnsoyou’llhavetowait.
???ss??????????sing?????
misd
_____tomovebutarestillconsideringwheretogoto.
???iding???cided?ided
ypenonthedeskandnowit’sgone；who_____it？
??????????????????ke????????en
n’tbuyanynewclothesbecauthey_____moneytobuyanewcar.
???????????????????ved??
saving
8.I_____yourlastpoint—couldyousayitagain？
???’tquitecatch?????’tquitecatch
’tquitecatch??????’tquitecatch
’llneverguesswhoImettoday—myoldteacher！We_____for20years.
???’tmeet?????’’tmet?????’tmeet
ureI_____herbeforesomewhere.
???eet?????????????eet
ven’tarrivedyetbutwe_____thematanymoment.
???ected???ecting?pect
youmustbemistakenabouteinghimatthetheatre；I’msurehe_____
abroadallweek.
??????????????n?????n
dents_______busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe_______inthe
office.
???tten,iting,hasleft
tten,iting,hadleft
tophoneher,butevenasI_____shewasleavingthebuilding.
????????????ned????ning
15.“Isuppoyou_____thatreportyet？”“Ifinishedityesterday,asamatteroffact.”
???’tfinish????’tfinished
’tfinished?????????’tfinishing
16.—Didn’ttheguardehimbreakingintothebank？
???—No,he_______intheotherdirection.
???????????????ing
?youpossiblymissthenews？It_______onTValldaylong.
???n???????????????????
?18.“Ithoughtyoumighthavegotdrunk.”“Yes,I______.”
???have?????did????????ave
?______dosomethingmoreactive？
???watch?????????????ayswatching
wayswatched?????????waysbeenwatching
20.“eallyhard.”“______alot？”
???ustudied????????study
studied???????????????tudy
21.“What’syouropiniononthematter,plea？”“Oh,sorry,I_______.”
???’ttolisten???????????’tlistened
’tlistening???????????????’tlistened
22.“Aha,you’reachainsmoker！”“_______thatbutyou.”
???ered?????ers??????overing
ephone_______threetimesinthelasthour,andeachtimeit________formy
father.
???g;g;was
;nringing;is
eftriedtobreakawayfromthepolicemanwho______him,butfailed.
???d???????ding???old
rrivedatthecompany,themanager______,sowehadonlytimeforafew
words.
???ntaway??????????eaway
tgoingaway????????tgoneaway
26.“Johntookaphotographofyoujustnow.”“Oh,really？I______.”
???’tknow???????????????’tknowing
’tknow????????????????’tknown
27.“Mikeisnotcomingtothefootballgamethisafternoon.”“It’sashame！He_______！”
???omi??mid
_______abathjustnow.
??????????????ng??????????
29.“WasAndrewtherewhenyouarrived？”“Yes,buthe______homesoonafterwards.”
???e????????g????????
30.“WhereisMother.”“_______thehouworkallmorning.”
???g???????e???????n
doing
ks,________thedictionaries,mustbeputbackwherethey________.
???ed;ude;ing;ing;are?
高考英语被动语态陷阱题总结归纳
1.“Doyoulikethematerial？”“Yes,it_____verysoft.”
???ing????????????????????
ehead_____hot.I’mafraidsheisill.
???ing????????????????????????
_____verybeautiful.
???ed??????????ked??????
h_____nice,butthemilk_____sour.
???t,issmelt?????t,smellsC.
smells,issmelt???????,smells
ryofhislife_____interesting.
???ded????nded?
ngry_____thathe_____atall.
???,didn’tsatisfy??????????,didn’tsatisfy
,wasn’tsatisfied????????,wasn’tsatisfied
sident_____acoolreceptionwhenhevisitedLondon.
?????????????????en????n
given
yinthemorning_____tobeasignofbadweather.
????????????????d????????
otherealoneafterdarkyoumightget_____.
???edandrobbed?????ingandrobbing
ckandrob???????tackedandrobbed
antedtoknowwaswhenandwherethemeeting______.
???ding??????????d
old??????????eheld
icinesandinstruments______everydaytoextendlife.
???p?????????????????ngdeveloped
eloping??????????veloped
12.I’llcomeafterthemeetingiftime______.
???s??????itted???mitted
dents_____￡50ayeartocoverthecostofbooksandstationery.
???????????????????ven????
edevelopmentofscience,morenewtechnology_______tothefieldsofIT.
???roduced??????gintroduced
oduced???????roduced
15.“Howaboutthedishes,Dear？”“Thebeefdidn’______toolong.”
???????????ncooked
ked??????????ked
alittlenotebook,inwhich______thenamesandaddressofhisfriends.
?????????tten??itten
17.“Look！Everythinghereisunderconstruction.”“Whatisthesmallbuildingthat
______for？”
???gbuilding???nbuilt
t????????????gbuilt
dsofjobs_______ifthefactoryclos.
??????????????????t?????????
yinthemorning______tobeasignofbadweather.
??????????????????d??????????
said
icinesandinstruments______everydaytoextendlife.
???p????????????ngdeveloped
eloping?????veloped
?动词用法与辨析
anttollyourproductyoumust_____it.
???i???????ion???ito
erhowmuchyou’velearnedandhowhighastandardofeducationyouhave
had,youmust_______thepeopleheartandsoul.
???????????????o????????n
3.I_____youyesterday,butyouweren’tin.
???????????????????th????????
to
rofherparentswantedherto_____hercousin.
???????????????ith????or
I_____you,？
???tfor
ingtotherules,studentsmustnot______theirbooksduringexaminations.
?????
7.“ogowithyouthistime.”“Butdoesyourmother_____youto
go？”
???????????????????e
_______tomakeheart-feltapologiessoonwewillhavetobringanaction
againstthem.
???eed???????????
ntwocars,notto_____amotorbike.
???n
10.“Doyourparentsagreetoyourdoingthat？”“Yes,,theyalways
______metotrysomethingnew.”
????????????t??????age
yveryonehopesto______goodeducationsoastogetagoodjobinthe
future.
?????????????e?????????D.
receivea
gdarkglasscan_______youreyesfromthesun.
?????????????????????D.
protect
asingreatneedofmoney,sohe____$2000forhiscar.
?????????????????????????
remanykinds_____,butIdon’tknowwhichtobuy.
???on??????osing
15.“outyou？”“Well,not
few______,I’dsay.”
??????????????
from
16.“I’dliketobuyanexpensivecamera.”“Well,wehaveveralmodels___.”
???up????????????
from
17.I_____himnottogoabroad,buthewouldn’tlisten.
???ded????opersuade
rsuaded?????????suaded
ecameveraldayslater,shefoundthatallthingsstill_______whereshe
had_______them.
???;laid???????????;;lain??????;lain
s_____50eggslastweek,butthisweektheyaren’t_____.
???,lying??????????,,laying???,lying
l______ontheground_____tomethathad_____thepuronthedesk.
???,lay,laid??,lied,,lied,lay???,lied,lain
_____avisittothefactoryandwaswarmly_____bytheworkersthere.
???,welcome?????????,welcomed
,welcome?????????,welcomed
saidthatthefishhismothercookedtasted______.
??????????????????od?????ll
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
’resobusythatnooneintheofficecan_____foranyotherwork.
???????????????????ed
rdsthatbook_____oneoftheworstthathe’s_____read.
???,ever?????,,ever???????,never
3.“Didyougetajob？”“No,I______,butit’snou.”
???ed????????dto??d
4.“DoyouknowthatJack______apostmanforaboutsixyears？”“Yes,Ie.”
???ome????nged?n
ngthat______isnotwhetheryoufailornot,butwhetheryoutryornot.
???s???????ers????
’dandblackcoloursthat______meverywell.
??????????????????????
7.“Willanotherfiftybeenough？”“Justtwentywill______.”
???????????????????????????
e,MrCarter—mycretarywill_____youtothedoor.
????????????????????
ndofcancercanbecured,provideditis______early.
????????????????????
n’tenoughbooksforeveryone;someofyouwillhaveto_____.
?????????????????????
dhertomarryhimandshe_____him.
???ed?????ed??
tfearswere_____whenIsawwhattheexamquestionswere.
???????????????ed???ed
nlooksgoodonpaper,butwillit_____？
??????????????????
’sthematterwiththeradio？Whyisn’tit_____？
???asting???????????ng
employment_____thegovernmentbillionsofpoundsinlosttaxes.
??????????????????????????
’shardtorescuedrowningpeoplebecauthey_____somuch.
???????????????????????????????D.
struggle
ttothestationtomeetherhusband,but_____himinthecrowd.
???????????????????
dwhatwashappeningbecauIwasn’t______verycloly.
???ng???ng??????????ng
endmeapound,itwill_____mehavingtogotothebank.
???????????????????????
?’t_______yourbreathtryingtopersuadethem;they’llneverlisten.
??????????
?pentlittletimeonhislessonsthisterm,sohe_____tofailtheexam.
???s??????????????es
?never______anythingifhedoesn’tworkhard.
??????e???d
四、名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语及同位语从句）
从句的概念：包含有完整的主谓宾、主系表或therebe结构的句子在复合句中充当某一句
子成分时被称作从句。充当什么成分就称作什么从句。
1.主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句.
a)陈述句变为主语从句：在陈述句前加上无意义的引导词that：
句式结构：That+陈述句+V+O+LA+TA.
ealotofmistakesintheexam.(陈述句)
Thatshemadealotofmistakesintheexammakesourteacherangry.
TomisfromEngland.(陈述句)
ThatTomisfromEnglandisknowntousall.
Therewasonceatreeintheyard.(陈述句)
Thattherewasonceatreeintheyardistrue.
b)一般疑问句变为主语从句：将一般疑问句变为whether/if+S+V+O+LA+
TA的形式。
句式结构：Whether/If+S+V+O+LA+TA+V+O.
haveapartytomorrow?(一般疑问句)
Whetherwewillhaveapartytomorrowhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Isshesatisfiedwiththeresult?(一般疑问句)
Whethersheissatisfiedwiththeresultisnotkwonyet.
Wasthereonceatemple?(一般疑问句)
WhethertherewasonceatempleiswhatIwanttoknow.
c)特殊疑问句变为主语从句：将特殊疑问句的句式变为陈述句式，即：Wh-/How
+S+V+O+LA+TA.
句式结构：Wh-/How+S+V+O+LA+TA+V+O.
llshegotoBeijing?(特殊疑问句)
WhenshewillgotoBeijinghasnotbeendecidedyet.
Whatdidhedoyesterday?(特殊疑问句)
Whathedidyesterdaymadehisteacherangry.
HowcanyoulearnEnglishsowell?(特殊疑问句)
HowhecanlearnEnglishsowellinterestsusall.
用it作形式主语的主语从句句式结构：
1．Itis+名词+that从句：常用名词有：regret,question,nowonder,pity,
news,honor,fact,duty,等：
itythatshehasmadesuchamistake.
ItisnowondershecanspeaksogoodEnglish.
ItisafactthatshehasgonetoAmerica.
+is+adj.+that从句：常用的形容词有：important,possible,
impossible,necessary,anxious,natural,strange等：
turalthatamother(should)loveherchildren.
Itisimportantthatwe(should)masterEnglish.
Itisnecessarythattheriver(should)beprotectedfrompollution.
+不及物动词+that从句：
如：Itemsthat……似乎……
Ithappenedthat……碰巧……
sthattheyhaveknoweachotherforalongtime.
IthappenedthatIhadnomoneyonmethatday.
+P.P.+that从句：
如：Itisreportedthat……
Itissaidthat……
Itispredictedthat……
portedthatJayChowwillcometoourschoolnextWednesday.
ItissaidthatwewillhaveanexamonFridayafternoon.
Itispredictedthatourteamwillwinthegame.
n’tmatterhow/whether……:
n’tmatterhowyouwillrealizeyourdream.
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhecomesornot.
Itdoesn’tmatterwhenyoucanfinishthework.
2.宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的从句：
a)陈述句变为宾语从句：在陈述句前加上无意义的引导词that（that可省略）：
句式结构：S+V+that+陈述句.
splayingthepiano.(陈述句)
Iknowthatheplaysthepianowell.
TomwenttoBeijingyesterday.(陈述句)
HesaysthatTomwenttoBeijingyesterday.
TherearefiveforeignstudentsinClass5.(陈述句)
TheteachertoldusthattherearefiveforeignstudentsinClass5.
b)一般疑问句变为宾语从句：将一般疑问句变为whether/if+S+V+O+LA+
TA的形式：
句式结构：S+V+whether/if+S+V+O+LA+TA.
happytoday?(一般疑问句)
Heaskedwhetheryouarehappytoday.
Willyouhaveapartytomorrowevening?(一般疑问句)
Tomaskedwhetheryouwillhaveapartytomorrowevening.
Didyougotothecinemalastevening?(一般疑问句)
Hewantstoknowwhetheryouwenttothecinemalastevening.
Wasthereatempleinthevillagetenyearsago?
Iwanttoknowwhethertherewasatempleinthevillagetenyearsago.
c)特殊疑问句变为宾语从句：将特殊疑问句的句式变为陈述句式，即：Wh-/How
+S+V+O+LA+TA.
句式结构：S+V+Wh-/How+S+V+O+LA+TA.
dhetellyoujustnow?(特殊疑问句)
Couldyoutellmewhathetoldyoujustnow.
Wherehasshegone?(特殊疑问句)
Tomwantstoknowwhereshehasgone.
Whenwillyoubeback?(特殊疑问句)
Shewantstoknowwhenyouwillbeback.
3.表语从句：在复合句中充当表语的从句：
a)陈述句变为表语从句：在陈述句前加上无意义的引导词that：
句式结构：S+LV+that+陈述句.
tothecinemalastevening.(陈述句)
Whathetoldmeisthathewenttothecinemalastevening.
Therewasaforeignstudentinhisclasslastterm.(陈述句)
Whathesaidisthattherewasaforeignstudentinhisclasslastterm.
b)一般疑问句变为表语从句：将一般疑问句变为whether/if+S+V+O+LA+
TA的形式：
句式结构：S+LV+whether/if+S+V+O+LA+TA.
oodatEnglish?(一般疑问句)
WhatIwanttoknowiswhethersheisgoodatEnglish.
Willyougototheparkthisafternoon?(一般疑问句)
Whatshewantstoknowiswhetheryouwillgototheparkthis
afternoon.
c)特殊疑问句变为表语从句：将特殊疑问句的句式变为陈述句式，即：Wh-/How
+S+V+O+LA+TA.
句式结构：S+LV+wh-/how+S+V+O+LA+TA.
Igettotherailwaystation?(特殊疑问句)
WhatIwanttoknowishowIcangettotherailwaystation.
Wheredidyoubuythisdictionary?(特殊疑问句)
Whatshewantstoknowiswhereyouboughtthisdictionary.
表语从句的基本句型：
1.S+be+that/wh-/how引导的表语从句：
blemisthatwehavenotenoughtimetodo
Thevillageiswherehewasborn..
Theproblemishowwecanfinishthetaskinsoshortatime.
2.S+连系动词(look,em,spear,……)+that引导的表语从句：
sasifitisgoingtorain.
Itappearstomethattheyhaveallknowntheresult.
Itemsthathewillchangehismind.
Itlooksasifhewereherownfather.
son+is/was+that引导的表语从句，意思是：“原因
是……”：
’sonwasthathewasill.
/This/That+is/was+that从句，意思是：“这/那是因为……”：
’sbecauhewasill.
/This/That+is/was+why引导的表语从句，意思是：“这/那
是……的原因”：
=This/That+is/was+thereason+why引导的表语从句：
swhyhedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.
swhyhe
waslateforschool.
5.同位语从句：在复合句中充当同位语的从句：后跟同位语从句的常用名词有：
news、fact、opinion、question、suggestion、order、idea等。
a)陈述句变为同位语从句：在陈述句前加上无意义的引导词that：
句式结构：
1.同位语作主语时：N+that+陈述句+V+O+LA+TA.
sthatJayChouwillcometoourschoolisnottrue.
Thefactthathehaswonthefirstprizesurpridusall.
2.同位语作宾语时：S+V+N+that+陈述句.
receivedtheteacher’sorderthatweshouldclean
theclassroomatonce.
Weacceptedhissuggestionthatweshouldhaveapartyon
theweekend.
b)一般疑问句变为同位语从句：将一般疑问句变为whether/if+S+V+O+LA
+TA的形式：
句式结构：
1.同位语作主语时：N+whether/if+S+V+O+LA+TA+V
+O+LA+TA.
stionwhetherwecanhaveapartyontheweekend
hasnotbeenansweredbyourhead-teacheryet.
2.同位语作宾语时：S+V+N+whether/if+S+V+O+LA
+TA.
cherhasn’tanswerourquestionwhetherwecan
haveapartyontheweekendyet.
c)特殊疑问句变为同位语从句：将特殊疑问句变为wh-/how+S+V+O+LA
+TA的形式：
句子结构：
1.同位语作主语时：N+wh-/how+S+V+O+LA+TA+V+O
+LA+TA.
stionhowwecangettotherailwaystationwillbe
answeredsoon.
2.同位语作宾语时：S+V+N+wh-/how+S+V+O+LA
+TA.
oideawherehehasgone.
高考英语名词性从句陷阱题总结归纳
soangryandspokesofastthatnoneofusunderstood_______hesaid
meant.
???at
_______hadhappenedhecouldnotcontinuetoworkthere.
??????????????????????
tedto______lookedlikeatombandsaid,“Ghost.”
??????????????????????????????????????D.
as
4.“Is______youwanttosay？”askedtheteacher.
?????????????????????t??????????????D.
thatall
5.“When______leaveforJapan？”“When______leaveforJapaniskeptcret.”
ll,ey,theywill
ll,theywill????????ey,willthey
owsif_______thatboy,butif_______him,herparentswillbedisappointed.
???lmarry,shewillmarry????????ries,shemarries
???lmarry,shemarries???????????ries,shewillmarry
7.“Where_______gotowork？”“Where_______gotoworkisnotknown.”
l,e,shallwe
e,weshall?????l,shallwe
ee______.
???t?????????????s
’tyouknow,mydearfriend,______itisyourmoneynotyouthatsheloves？
??????????????????????????????????????D.
what
neknows,perhapxceptyou,_______yourgirl-friendisacheat.
????????????????????????????????????
?,thoughIcouldbemistaken,______shelikedme.
????????????????????????????????????
methenews,believeitornot,______hehadearned$1000inasingleday.
?????????????????????????????????????
e
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
sttheirwayintheforest,and_______mademattersworwasthatnight
begantofall.
???????????????????????????????????
ceisakindofquality—andthatis______ittakestodoanythingwell.
????????????????????????????????D.
how
ometomynotice_______someofyouhavemisdclass.
???????????????????????????????
4.“Whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice？”?“___Iwaslastnight.”
??????????????????????????????
ylifegiveshimpeaceandquiet,whichis______hecan’tenjoywhilelivinginbig
cities.
??????????????????????????????
ettywellunderstood_______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandoutthe
atmospheretoday.
???????????????????????????????
7._______shecouldn’tunderstandwas______fewerandfewerstudentsshowed
interestinherlessons.
???;why????????;;becau????;that
8._______wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.
??????????????????????????????r
haveheard_______thePresidenthassaid;theyarewaitingtoe_______he
willdo.
???,how?????????,,how????????,what
uanswerquestionsinajobinterview,plearememberthegoldenrule：
Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_______hewants.
???????????????????????????????
ildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_______Icantosavethem.
???er???????????????????????D.
whichever
12._______shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.
???????????????????????????????D.
Becau
______cakeyoulikeandleavetheothersfor______comesinlate.
,,whoever
ver,,whoever
itheraraincoatnoranumbrella._______Igotwetthrough.
???’’swhy
’’sbecau
15.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
????r
16._______medicineworksinahumanbodyisaquestion_______noteveryonecan
understandfully.
???;;;;that
五、定语从句
什么是定语从句？在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句。
与定语从句有关的概念
1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词；
2.引导词：连接先行词与定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：that、which、who、whom、who、as；
关系副词：when、where、why。
3.限制性定语从句：定语从句与先行词关系紧密、不可或缺，如果去掉会影响整句意
思的表达，先行词与定语从句间不可用逗号分开。
4.非限制性定语从句：定语从句与先行词关系不十分紧密，只对现行做些附加的说明，
即使去掉也不影响整句意思的表达。先行词与定语从句常用逗
号隔开，不能用that引导。
关系代词的用法详述：
引导的定语从句：【人、物、主、宾】
that引导的定语从句先行词既可以是人也可以是物，既可以作从句中动词的主语，
也可以作从句中动词的宾语。(注：所有的包含定语从句的复合句都是由两个或两
个以上的简单句构成的)
先行词作从句中动词的宾语时，that可省略。
thatisstandingoverthereismyEnglishteacher.（人、主）
→ThemanismyEnglishteacher.
Themanisstandingthere.
ThedogthatbitmeyesterdaybelongstoTom.(物、主)
→ThedogbelongstoTom.
Thedogbitmeyesterday.
Thegirl(that)youmetintheparkyesterdayismysister.(人、宾)
→Thegirlismysister.
Youmetthegirlintheparkyesterday.
Thebook(that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(物、宾)
→Thebookisveryinteresting.
Iboughtthebookyesterday.
引导的定语从句：【物、主、宾】
which引导的定语从句先行词只能是物，但既可以作从句中动词的主语，也可以作
从句中动词的宾语。
先行词作从句中动词的宾语时，which可省略。
tedsometreeswhichdonotneedmuchwater.(物、主)
→Weplantedsometrees.
Thetreesdonotneedmuchwater.
Thefish(which)shegavemejustnowisnotfresh.(物、宾)
→Thefishisnotfresh.
Shegavemethefishjustnow.
which引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代替整个主句或主句的一部分内容：
ughtanewhou,whichislocatedattheaside.
Thefilm,Hero,whichwasdirectedbyZhangYimou,wasasuccess.
Hewasntencedtodeathlastweek,whichsurpridusall.
Ifailedintheexamagain,whichmadeourteacherveryangry.
引导的定语从句：【人、主】
who引导的定语从句先行词只能是人，只可以作从句中动词的主语。
eignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.(人、主)
→TheforeignerisfromCanada.
Theforeignervisitedourschoolyesterday.
TheEnglishteacherwhotaughtmeforthreeyearshasgonetoAmerica.
→TheEnglishteacherhasgonetoAmerica.
TheEnglishteachertaughtmeforthreeyears.
引导的定语从句：【人、宾】
whom引导的定语从句先行词只能是人，只可以作从句中动词的宾语。
anwhommyfatheristalkingtoisourhead-teacher.（人、宾）
→Thewomanisourhead-teacher.
Myfatheristalkingtothewoman.
Inthedarkstreet,therewasnoonetowhomshecouldturnforhelp.
(人、宾)
→Inthedarkstreet,therewasnoone.
Shecouldturntonooneforhelp.
引导的定语从句：【人、物、所属】
who引导的定语从句先行词既可以是人也可以是物，先行词和who之后的词
构成所属关系。
anwhopurwasstolenbyathiefismyteacher.(人、所属)
→Thewomanismyteacher.
Thewoman’spurwasstolenbyathief.
Theroomwhowindowfacessouthismine.(物、所属)
→Theroomismine.
Theroom’swindowfacessouth.
who=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+ofwhich/whom
ughtaskirtwhocoloriswhite.
=Lilyboughtaskirtofwhichthecoloriswhite..
=Lilyboughtaskirtthecolorofwhichiswhite.
Thewomanwhodaughterwentabroadlastyearismyteacher.
=Thewomanofwhomthedaughterwentabroadlastyearismyteacher.
=Thewoman,thedaughterofwhomwentabroadlastyear,ismyteacher.
引导的定语从句：【人、物、宾、非限制性定语从句】
as可以直接引导非限制性定语从句，也可构成固定短语如：thesame…as…及
such…as…。
lknow,Englishiswidelyudallovertheworld.(非限制性定语从
句,“正如……”)
AsIhavetoldyou,heisaliar.(非限制性定语从句,“正如……”)
Suchpeopleasheknewhelpedhimalot.
I’llbuythesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.
as引导非限制性定语从句的用法：当谓语动词是beannounced/
expected/known/imagined/pointedout/sad/reported/shown等被动形式（表示“正
如……”）或usuallyhappen,beoftentheca等表示主语的习惯性或司空见惯之
意时，常用as:
nnounced,ourwintervacationwillstartonJanuary27th.
Aswaxpected,ourteamwonthematch.
Asusuallyhappen,Tomislateagain.
Asisoftentheca,Mikewasfinedforspeedingagain.
关系副词的用法详述：
=介词+which
当先行词是表示时间的词时，如果它作从句中动词的宾语，引导词用关系代词which
或that或不填；如果它作从句中动词的时间状语，引导词则用关系副词when或相
应的介词+which。
everforgetthedaywhich/that/不填wespenttogetherinBeijing.
(先行词作宾语)
→Iwillneverforgettheday.
wespentthedaytogetherinBeijing.(day作spent的宾语)
Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedtheLeague.(先行词作
时间状语)
→Iwillneverforgettheday.
IjoinedtheLeagueontheday.(theday作joinedtheLeague的时间
状语)
=介词+which
当先行词是表示地点的词时，如果它作从句中动词的宾语，引导词用关系代词which
或that或不填；如果它作从句中动词的地点状语，引导词则用关系副词where或
相应的介词+which。
thefactorythat/which/不填wevisitedlastmonth.
(先行词作宾语)
→Thisisthefactory.
Wevisitedthefactorylastmonth.(factory作visited的宾语)
Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichmyfatherworkedforthirtyyears.(先行
词作地点状语)
→Thisisthefactory.
Myfatherworkedinthefactoryforthirtyyears.
(factory作worked的地点状语)
=forwhich
当先行词是reason时，如果它作从句中动词的宾语，引导词用关系代词which或
that或不填；如果它作从句中动词的原因状语，引导词则用关系副词why或for
which。
thereasonwhich/that/不填heexplainedtome.(先行词reason作
宾语)
→Thisisthereason.
Heexplainedthereasontome.(reason作explained的宾语)
Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidnotgotoschoolyesterday.
(reason作原因状语)
→Thisisthereason.
Hedidnotgotoschoolyesterdayforthereason.
定语从句的注意事项：
1.关于介词提前:
当先行词作从句中动词的宾语，并且从句中动词是带有介词的动词短语时，该介词
可以提前到关系代词who，whom,which之前。
theknifethat/whichhekilledthemanwith.
=Thisistheknifewithwhichhekilledtheman.
Therewasnoonethathecouldturntoforhelp.
=Therewasnoonetowhomhecouldturnforhelp.
2.引导词只能用that的情况：
a)先行词时不定代词或被某些形容词修饰时，此类词有：something,everything,
anything,nothing,all,much,any,few,little,every,no等。
aveanythingthatyouwanttotellme?
Hegaveallthemoneythathehastohisgranddaughter.
Thereisnoonethathebelievesinthisworld.
Hehasfewfriendsthatwillhelphim.
b)先行词前有最高级，序数词或thevery,theonly,thelast,thesame等修饰时：
ypersonthatItrustisTom.
TheTitanicisthebestfilmthatIhaveeveren.
MarryisthefirstAmericanthatIhavemadefriendswith.
ThisistheverybookthatIamafter.
SheisthelastgirlthatIwanttomarry.
c)先行词既有人又有物时：
mstarandhisfilmsthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreally
famous.
Couldyoutellussomethingaboutthepeopleandplacesthatyou
visitedinBritain?
d)先行词是who或which时：
heboythatisplayingfootballoverthere?
Whichisthebookthatbelongstoyou?
e)在therebe句型中：
sadictionaryonthedeskthatisveryinteresting.
Thereisaboythatwantstoeyouinthehall.
f)介词提前时，不能用that：
theclassroominwhichwearestudying.
ThisistheknifewithwhichIcutthewatermelonwith.
g)在非限制定语从句中，不能使用that：
,whichwasboughtlastmonth,isverynice.
Hefailedintheexamagain,whichmadehismotherveryangry.
高考英语定语从句陷阱题总结归纳
torywasbuiltinacretplace,around______highmountains.
?
re
daywevisitedamodernhospital,around_______somefruitshops.
???e
derhappenedinanoldbuilding,beside______thecitypolicestation.
???s???????????????e
nthwe’llmovetoanewbuilding,nextto_______anicerestaurantwherewe
canhaveChinefood.
???re??????????????s???????????????D.
themare
thableedinghandhurriedinandasked,“Isthereahospitalaround______I
cangetsomemedicineformywoundedhand？”
????????????????????????????????????????
6._____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
???????????????????????????????????????????
7._______isknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceevery
month.
???????????????????????????????????????????D.
What
8.______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinniorschoolisincreasing.
??????????????????????????????????????D.
It
9.______ismentionedabovethatthenumberofthestudentsinniorschoolis
increasing.
??????????????????????????????????????D.
It
ssuchagoodboy_______alltheteacherslike.
?????????????????????????????????????????
ssuchagoodboy_______alltheteacherslikehim.
???????????????????????????????????????D.
whom
otsuchagooddinner_______shehadpromidus.
??????????????????????????????????
es,mostof_______werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.
???????????????????????????????????
,for_______hepaid$10,000,isnowworth$50,000.
?????????????????????????????????D.
which
nforest,through_______we’llbedriving,isn’taforestanylonger.
?????????????????????????????????D.
which
idatnineo’clock,after_______Isatreadingthepaper.
?????????????????????????????????D.
which
,with_______IplayedtennisonSundays,wasawarm-heartedperson.
?????????????????????????????????D.
whom
s,bothof______workabroad,willcomebackhomethissummer.
?????????????????????????????????D.
whom
efruit-pickers,veralof_______werestilluniversitystudents.
?????????????????????????????????D.
whom
housandsofstudents,manyof______gainedgreatsuccessintheirown
field.
????????????????????????????????D.
who
dalotofquestions,noneof______waasytoanswer.
??????????????????????????????D.
that
dalotofquestions,andnoneof______waasytoanswer.
???????????????????????????????D.
that
methathehadtwogirl-friends,neitherof_______knewanythingaboutthe
other.
??????????????????????????????D.
who
methathehadtwogirl-friends,andneitherof_______knewanythingabout
theother.
??????????????????????????????D.
who
lotoffriends,onlyafewof______invitedtohiswedding.
??????????????????????????????D.
who
tforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_______carriedoutintheir
work.
??????????????????????????????D.
that
tforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_______werecarriedoutin
theirwork.
??????????????????????????????D.
that
tforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_______werecarriedoutin
theirwork.
????????????????????????????????D.
that
aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentsated
togetherjoking.
???????????????????????????????D.
that
aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentswere
atedtogetherjoking.
???????????????????????????????D.
that
aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,and_______parentswere
atedtogetherjoking.
???????????????????????????????D.
that
aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentssitting
togetherjoking.
???????????????????????????????D.
that
aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentssat
togetherjoking.
???????????????????????????????D.
that
aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentswere
sittingtogetherjoking.
???????????????????????????????D.
that
anisonlyinterestedinyourlooks,_____justshowshowshallowheis.
?????????????????????.
what????????????????
romitogowithus,_____willbeOK.
???????????????????????????????????
antadoubleroom,_____willcostanother￡15.
?????????????????????.
what????????????????
ryougoornot,_______isquiteallrightwithme.
?????????????????????????????????
aytwohours,_____includestimeforeating.
?????????????????????.
what????????????????
sthatshe’llneverforgetthetime________she’sspentworkingasacretary
inourcompany.
???????????????????????????????????D.
where
sthatshe’llneverforgetthetime________sheworksasacretaryinour
company.
???????????????????????????????????D.
where
panywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weboughtlastmonth.
???????????????????????????????????D.
where
panywillmovetoatallbuilding_______hasjustbeencompleted.
???????????????????????????????????D.
where
panywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weworkedtwoyearsago.
??????????????????????????????????
heflowersnowraidherehavedevelopedfromtho_______intheforest.
???eygrew??????ewonceC.
theyoncegrew??????ew
fficeIneveremtohavetimeuntilafter5：30pm,_____manypeoplehave
gonehome.
???????????????????
ime??htime
thereason_______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork？
???ained????????explained
xplained????xplained
y,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.
???????????????????????????????????D.
which
wasworkingtherehecaughtariousillnessfrom_____effortshestill
suffers.
???????????????????????????????D.
what
’ssaidthathe’slookingforanewjob,one______hecangetmoremoneytosupport
hisfamily.
???????????????????????????????D.
which
ivinginanage______manythingsaredoneoncomputer.
???????????????????????????D.
when
tletimewehavetogetherwe’lltry_____wily.
???ngit??????ditC.
tospend????????ngthat
building,behind_______wasafamouschurch,was_______weudto
work.
???,theplace????????,theplace
,where???????????,where
beshownaroundthecity：schools,muums,andsomeotherplaces,
_______othervisitorsldomgo.
??????????????????????????D.
when
ernhistoryofItalydatesfrom1860,______thecountrybecameunited.
??????????????????????????D.
until
heflowersnowraidherehavedevelopedfromtho_____intheforest.
???eygrew????????ewonce
cegrew????ew
ldetherunnersverywellfrom______westood.
????????????????????????
lyIboughtanancientChineva,_______wasveryreasonable.
???rice????????????ceofwhich
ce???????????ceofwho
veyougot_____willhelpacold？
?????????????????????????
eryangryandIcanstillremembertheway_____hespoketome.
????????????????????????
nowthemanfrom________houthepictureswerestolen？
??????????????????????
inkofmanycas_______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsand
expressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.
??????????????????????????
allthatyouneed？Ifyoumarriedme,I’dgiveyoueverythingyou_____.
?????????????ted????ting
eteacherinthestreetyesterday________taughtmeEnglishthreeyearsago.
?????????????????????
’sgothimlfintoadangeroussituation_____heislikelytolocontroloverthe
plane.
?????????????????????
anotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofgreatimportancetoscience.
???thinkis??????????thinkitis
thinkit??????????is
ywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcour,madethe
othersunhappy.
??????????????????????????.
this?????????????????
roblemtodayissomewhatsimilarto_____theyfacedmanyyearsago.
?????????????????????????ich???????D.
it
metreestheleavesof_____wereblackwithdia.
?????????????????????????.
it??????????????????????
ousbasketballer,_______triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotof
attention.
???????????????????????????????????????D.
who
eywentintotheshopandaskedtolookattheengagementrings,thegirl
broughtoutacheaperone,_______shehadarrangedwithJames.
???chwaswhat???????sthat
aswhat???????????sthat
六、状语从句
什么是状语从句？在复合句中，充当状语的从句。
状语从句共有九类，分别是：
1.时间状语从句；2.地点状语从句；3.原因状语从句；
4.比较状语从句；5.目的状语从句；6.结果状语从句；
7.条件状语从句；8.方式状语从句；9.让步状语从句。
分类学习：
1.时间状语从句：
a)时间状语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾。
b)when,while,as可引导时间按状语从句，意为“当……的时候”：
wasyoung,hecouldn’tgotoschool.
Iwashavingdinnerwhenhecametoemelastevening.
Hehurthimlfwhileridinghisbicycle.
AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.
c)until/till是指某一持续性动作持续到某一时间点，终止性动作要用否定式：Not
until放在句首时，主句要部分倒装。
dinthevillageuntil/tillhewas20yearsold.
Iwillwaituntil/tillyoucomeback.
Notuntilhewasforty,didmyunclegotmarried.
Notuntileleveno’clockdidwefinishourhomework.
d)表示时间的名词短语也可引导时间状语从句：如：thetime,themoment,the
minute,theday,theyear,thefirsttime,thecondtime,bythetime,each
time,everytime,nexttime,anytime等：
enthecameoutofthecar,Irecognizedwhohewas.
IfellinlovewithherthefirsttimeImether.
HeissmilingeverytimeIehim.
Thethiefranawaytheminutehesawthepoliceman.
e)表示“一……就”的短语：如：assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,no
sooner…than,hardly/scarcely/barely…when等：
allyouassoonasIgetthere.
Thebabyburstoutcryingimmediatelyhesawhismother.
Ihadnosoonerenteredmyroomthanthetelephonerang.
注意：当nosooner,hardly,scarcely,barely置于句首时，它们之后要跟过去完
成时的倒装句，than和when之后要跟一般过去式：表示“刚刚……就”。
erhadIenteredmyroomthanthetelephonerang.
HardlyhadIgotoffthebuswhenIstartedtomove.
f)在时间状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时：
etyouknowassoonashecomes.
时间状语从句的特例：
a)Itwillbe+一段时间+before+S+V+O…:表示“多久之后……才……”：
notbelongbeforethetermcomestoanend.
Itwillbealongtimebeforewemeetagain.
b)Itis+一段时间+since+S+V-ed+O…:表示自动作完成时起就……：
Itwas+一段时间+since+S+had+P.P.+O…:
oyearssinceIsmokedlasttime.我已经不抽烟两年了。
ItwasalongtimesinceIhadhadsomuchfun.我已经很久没玩的那么
愉快了。
c)Itis/wasnotuntil…that…:表示强调句，意为“直到……才……”：
otuntilhewastwenty-eightthatQiBaishibegantostudy
painting.
Itwasnotuntilthebosscamethattheybegantowork.
2.地点状语从句：
a)地点状语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，引导词有：where,wherever等，
相当于：”to/in/fromtheplace(s)where…”或”in/to/fromanyplace
where…”结构：
ngiswelcomedwhereverhegoes.
Thebookiswhereyouleftit.
b)一般只要在地点状语从句中的引导词where前加上to/in/fromtheplace，便可
变为定于从句：
hebookintheplacewhereitwas.
Sheiswelcomedinanyplacewhereshegoes.
3.原因状语从句：
a)原因状语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，其引导词有：becau,as,since,
nowthat,forthereason,inthat,eingthat等：
hehascome,youneedn’tgo.
Hedidn’tgotoschoolbecauhecaughtacold.
Nowthateveryoneishere,let’sgetstarted.
Seeingthatheisill,wewilldotheworkforhim.
4.比较状语从句：
a)同级比较：常用“as…as…”，第二个as之后即为比较状语从句：
tallasyouare.
Icanrunasfastasyoudo.
HespeaksEnglishaswellasanativespeaker.
b)不同级比较结构：常用“notso/as…as…”：
snotso/asdifficultasEnglish(is).
HespeaksEnglishnotsowellashisbrother(does).
c)差级或高级比较：常用”…than…”than之后即为比较状语从句：
nfasterthanyou(can).
Sheplaysthepianobetterthananyotherstudentinherclass(does).
d)表示递进关系的状语从句：常用结构：“the+比较级……the+比较级”：
growtrees;themore,thebetter.
Themoreyoupractice,thebetteryouroralEnglishwillbe.
Theolderyougrow,thebetteryouwillunderstandit.
e)倍数的表达方法主要有三种方式：
1)A+be+基数词（3以上）+times+as+adj.+asB.
peisthreetimesaslongasthatone.
Thisbuildingisfourtimesastallasthatone.
2)A+be+基数词（3以上）+times+as+adj.-er+thanB.
ouisthreetimeslargerthantheoldone.
Thisriverisfourtimeslongerthanthatone.
3)A+be+基数词（3以上）+times+thesize/length/width/
height/depth/etc.+ofB.
boxisthreetimesthesizeoftheblueone.
Thisropeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.
Thiswellisthreetimesthedepthofthatone.
5.目的状语从句：
a)目的状语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，其引导词有：inorderthat,sothat,
forfear(that),inca等：
pearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbustoschool.
InorderthathecanlearnEnglishwell,hespentallhissparetimeon
English.
You’dbetterbringyourumbrellaincaitrains.
b)在目的状语从句中常含有助动词may,might,will,would,shall,can,could等。
如上例。
c)在主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，目的状语从句可以和表目的不定式或介词短
语互换。
rthathecanwinthegame,hepracticeshardeveryday.
=Inordertowinthegame,hepracticeshardeveryday.
=Towinthegame,hepracticeshardeveryday.
6.结果状语从句：
a)结果状语从句一般置于句尾，其引导词有：that,so,sothat,suchthat,
so…that…,such…that…等：
suchabignoithateverybodywassurprid.
Heissotallthathecantouchtheceiling.
b)so…that…的用法：
1)so+adj./adv.+that…
obeautifulthatalltheboysinherclasslikeher.
Herunssofastthatnoonecancatchupwithhim.
2)so+many/few/much/little+相应形式的名词+that…
eadsomanybooksthatheisveryknowledgeable.
Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyanythingthatshe
wants.
3)so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that…
ocleveragirlthatsheisgoodateverysubject.
TheTitanicwassomovingafilmthatIsawitsixtimes.
c)such…that…的用法：
1)such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that…
2)such+adj.+可数名词复数+that…
3)such+adj.+不可数名词+that…
suchanhonestworkerthatweallbelieveinhim.
Itissuchfinewhetherthatweallwanttohaveapicnicinthe
park.
Itisnosurprisingthatsuchlittlewormatsolittlegrain.
7.条件状语从句：
a)条件状语从句可置于句首或句尾，有事还可置于主语与谓语之间，其引导词有：
if,unless,as/solongas,once,inca,onconditionthat,supposing(that),
given(that)等：
umbrellawithyouincaitrains.
I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishonconditionthatyouhelpmewithmy
math.
Giventhatheisanewcomer,hehasdoneitprettywell.
YouwillmakegreatprogressinEnglishsoonaslongasyouworkhard
atit.
b)在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时：
lfallbehindothersunlessyoustudyhard.
Iwillnotgotohisbirthdaypartyunlessheinvitesme.
Youwillfallinlovewithheronceyoueherinperson.
8.方式状语从句：
a)结果状语从句一般置于句尾，其引导词有：as,asif,asthough：
Rome,doastheRomansdo.
Youshoulddoitasyouhavebeeninstructed.
b)Asif/asthought的用法：
1)当它们引导的方式状语从句所表示的是事实或可能性很大时，用陈述语气：
sasifitisgoingtorainsoon.
Itemsasthoughtheshopwillbecloddownsoon.
2)当它们引导的方式状语从句所表示的不是事实而是主观的想象或夸大性的比
喻时，用虚拟语气：
ksEnglishasthoughhewereanEnglishman.
Theychattedasiftheyhadknowneachotherforalongtime.
9.让步状语从句：
a)让步状语从句可以置于句首或句尾，有时也可置于句中，其引导词有：though,
although,eventhough,as,whether…ornot…,whetherornot,
whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever,whover,whenever,
wherever,however等：
rymanymoretimes,eventhoughImayfailagainand
again.
Iwillnotgotothecinemawithyouevenifyoupayformyticket.
Whereveryougo,Iwillfllowyou.
b)though,although引导让步状语从句时，主句可以用still,yet，但不可用but：
itwasraininghard,theystillworkedhardinthefields.
Thoughheisnotsorichyetheoftenhelpthowhoarein
trouble.
Althoughheloveher,hedarenottellher.
c)as/though引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语或谓语中的实义动词
需提前至句首。如果表语是带冠词的名词，冠词需省略：
句式结构：
Although/Though+S+
V
V
情态
状语
表语be
,S+V+O+…
=
V
状语
表语
+as/though+S+
情态
V
be
,S+V+O+…
heisahero,hehassomeshortcomings.
=Heroasheis,hehassomeshortcomngs.
Thoughyoumaytryhard,youwillnotsucceed.
=Hardasyoumaytry,youwillnotsucceed.
Thoughyoumaywait,hewillnoteyou.
=Waitasyoumay,hewillnoteyou.
Thoughthenobleareproud,theyareafraidtoeme.
=Proudasthenobleare,theyareafraidtoeme.
Thoughheisachild,hecantellrightfromwrong.
=Childasheis,hecantellrightfromwrong.
高考英语状语从句陷阱题总结归纳
1.“MayIgoandplaywithDickthisafternoon,Mum?”“No,youcan’tgoout
_______yourworkisbeingdone.”
ent
2.“I’mgoingtothepostoffice.”“_______you’rethere,canyougetmesome
stamps?”
3._______youareathomealone,pleadon’tleavethedooropen.
4._______youarealonewithher,tellherthatyoulikeher.
hewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup______therehadoncebeena
theatre.
ousscientistgrewup_______hewasbornandin1930hecameto
Shanghai.
er
ndhercalculator_______shelostit.
uldmakeitaruletoleavethings_______youcanfindthemagain.
ureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark_____youhaveany
questions.
uldletyourchildrenplay______youcanethem.
orksinthefactory______hisfatherudtowork.
itoraskedtohavehispicturetaken_______stoodthefamoustower.
pttrying_____theymusthaveknownitwashopeless.
ouwantanewjob______you’vegotsuchagoodonealready?
bouttotellmethecret______someonepattedhimontheshoulder.
outtogoout______thetelephonerang.
ly
swimminginthelake_______thestormstarted.
walkingdowntheroad_______sheheardsomeoneshoutingforhelp.
ewentonforquitesometime_______itwasbroughtundercontrol.
amistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation_______itgotwor.
ecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup________I
couldanswerthephone.
ettingbetterbydegrees,butitwillbesometime_____sheiscompletely
well.
tdownoppositeeachother,butitwassomemoments______theyspoke.
askedmetotakemoremoney_______somethingunexpectedshould
happen.
25.________Iforget,plearemindmeaboutit.
urumbrellajust________itrains.
t_______youshouldwakethebaby.
atwithyouincathesunisveryhot.
29.I’llkeephisaddress_____Ineedit.
30._______yourcompositioncarefully,somespellingmistakescanbeavoided.
k
31.________morecareful,theworkmighthavebeendonebetter.
been
32._______yourdiet,itiasytoreduce.
tchingC.
watched
33._______apairofcompass,itiasytodescribeacircle.
ng
34._______forsomething,areceiptisgiventoyou.
paidC.
ying
35._______thesunrisingslowlyintheeast,thesceneisaperfectdream.
en
36.“ShallMarycomeandplaycomputergames?”“No,_______shehasfinished
herhomework.”
as
37.“Wouldyoumindmysittingherewithyou?”“No,______youaren’ttoo
noisy.”
as
38.“Willheagreetocometojoinusinthework?”“No,_______wepromihim
moremoney.”
as
39.“Whendidheleavetheclassroom?”“Heleft_______youturnedbacktowrite
ontheblackboard.”
40.“DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?”“Yes,Igaveitto
her________Isawher.”
rkeepergavethealarm_______hesawthesmoke.
dthealarm_______Isawthesmoke.
◆?精编陷阱题训练◆
’tbeafraidofaskingforhelp_______itisneeded.
torytellermustbeabletoholdhislisteners’curiosity________he
reachestheendofthestory.
3._______Iknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.
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