新概念英语(第二版第三册)学习笔记
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CONTENTS
Lesson01APumaatlarge逃遁的美洲狮.......................................................................1
Lesson02Thirteenequalsone十三等于一.......................................................................10
Lesson03Anunknowngoddess无名女神........................................................................14
Lesson04ThedoublelifeofAlfredBloggs阿尔弗雷德.布洛格斯的双重生活..............20
Lesson05Thefacts确切数字............................................................................................25
Lesson06Smash-and-grab砸橱窗抢劫............................................................................29
Lesson07Mutilatedladies残钞鉴别组.............................................................................35
Lesson08Afamousmonastery著名的修道院.................................................................39
Lesson09Flyingcats飞猫.................................................................................................43
Lesson10ThelossoftheTitanic“泰坦尼克”号的沉没.................................................48
Lesson11Notguilty无罪..................................................................................................54
Lesson12Lifeonadertisland.........................................................................................60
Lesson13"It'sonlyme'“是我,别害怕”.....................................................................64
Lesson14Anoblegangster贵族歹徒...............................................................................69
Lesson15Fiftypenceworthoftrouble五十便士的麻烦..................................................75
Lesson16Maryhadalittlelamb玛丽有一头羔羊...........................................................80
Lesson17Thelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworld世界上最长的吊桥........................84
Lesson18Electriccurrentsinmodernart现代艺术的电流..............................................90
Lesson19Averydearcat一条贵重的宝贝猫..................................................................96
Lesson20Pioneerpilots飞行员的先驱..........................................................................101
Lesson21DanielMendoza丹尼尔.门多萨.....................................................................105
Lesson22Byheart熟记台词...........................................................................................110
Lesson23Oneman'smeatisanotherman'spoison各有所爱.........................................116
Lesson24Askeletoninthecupboard“家丑”................................................................123
Lesson25TheCuttySark卡蒂萨克”号帆船................................................................130
Lesson26Wanted:alargebiscuittin购大饼干筒...........................................................136
Lesson27Nothingtollandnothingtobuy不卖也不买..............................................142
Lesson28Fivepoundstoodear五镑也太贵...................................................................148
Lesson30Thedeathofaghost幽灵之死........................................................................161
Lesson31Alovableeccentric可爱的怪人....................................................................167
Lesson32ALostShip沉船之谜.....................................................................................173
Lesson33Adaytoremember难忘的一天......................................................................178
Lesson34Ahappydiscovery幸运的发现.......................................................................185
Lesson35Justicewasdone伸张正义..............................................................................192
Lesson36AChanceinaMillion百万之一的机会.........................................................197
Lesson37TheWesthavenExpress开往威斯特海温的快车..........................................204
Lesson38Thefirstcalendar第一本日历........................................................................211
Lesson39Nothingtoworryabout不必担心...................................................................215
新概念英语(第二版第三册)学习笔记
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Lesson40Who'swho真假难辨.........................................................................................220
Lesson41IllusionsofPastoralpeace宁静田园生活的遐想...........................................223
Lesson42Flash无讲解......................................................................................................231
Lesson43FullyInsured全保险.......................................................................................232
Lesson44Speedandcomfort速度和舒适......................................................................242
Lesson45Thepowerofthepress新闻报道的威力........................................................250
Lesson47Toohighaprice代价是否太高.......................................................................255
Lesson48Thesilentvillage沉默的村庄.........................................................................261
Lesson49Theidealrvant理想的仆人.........................................................................267
Lesson50NewYearResolutions新年的决心.................................................................269
Lesson51Flash无讲解......................................................................................................275
Lesson52MudisMud实事求是.....................................................................................275
Lesson53Inthepublicinterest为了公众的利益..........................................................285
Lesson55Flash无讲解......................................................................................................301
Lesson56Flash无讲解......................................................................................................301
Lesson57Flash无讲解......................................................................................................301
Lesson58Aspotofbother一点小麻烦(记叙文).......................................................303
Lesson59Collecting收藏................................................................................................305
Lesson60Tooearlyandtoolate太早和太晚..................................................................309
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Lesson01APumaatlarge逃遁的美洲狮
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的,要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
puman.美洲狮
spotv.看出,发现
=e,pickout,recognize,catchsightof强调结果,辨别出,看见,识别,发现
--Atallmaniasytospotinthecrowd.
--Hehasgoodeyeforspottingmistakes.
同意词:
--find:强调发现的结果/findout:查出事实真相
--discover:做出重大发现/notice:注意到
--obrve:观察/watch:观察活动中的人或画面
Spotn.斑点
--Thereisawhitespotontheshirt.
onthespot有两个含义:
1>立刻,马上(atonce,immediately)
--Anyonebreakingtheruleswillbeaskedtoleaveonthespot.
2>attheplaceoftheaction在现场
--Whereversheisneeded,sheisquicklyonthespot.
Evidencen.证据(不可数名词)
Evidentadj.明显的,显然的/evidentlyadv.明显地,显然
Evidence=proof(n.证据)
--Whenthepolicearrived,hehadalreadydestroyedtheevidence.
inevidence显而易见的
--Hewasinevidenceattheparty.
Accumulatev.积累,积聚(强调积累的过程)
--Astheevidenceaccumulates,expertsfromthezoofeltobligedtoinvestigate.
Gathervt.聚集,把某人召集在某处
--Theteachergatheredhisstudentsintheclass
Collectvt.搜集,采集
--Doyoucollectstamps?Yes,Icollectstampsasmyhobby.(n.业余爱好)
Asmblev.集合,集会/装配
--Alargenumberofpeopleasmbleonthesquare.
Hoardvt.大量的储存(--hoardup=storeup储藏)
--Thesquirrelhoardsupnutsforthecoldwinter(squirreln.松鼠)(nutn.坚果)
amassvt.积聚(主要用于诗歌和文学作品)
--Thecloudsamasdabovethehills
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Obligev.使…感到必须
feelobligedtodosth感觉有必要做某事
--Ifeelobligedtosaynotohisdemand(n.要求,需要)
beobligedtodosth被迫做某事
--Theywereobligedtolltheircartopaytheirdebtsoff.(debtn.债务)
huntv.n.追猎,寻找(huntfor)
--TheexpertsfromLondonzoobegantohunt(v.)forapuma.
--Thehunt(n.)forthepumaprovedthedifficult.(provevt.证明,证实)
arch搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物
--Thepolicewerearchingtheforestforthemissingboy.
runafter强调追赶,追求
--look,adogisrunningafteracat
--whatareyourunafterinyourlife
ek=pursuev.追寻(理想)
chav.追赶(--Theyarechasingathief/Theyarerunningafterathief)
blackberryn.黑莓/berryn.浆果
humanbeing人类
cornerv.使走投无路,使陷入困境
作为动词,经常使用被动语态
--Thethiefwascorneredatlast
--Theproblemcorneredme.
cornern.角落
--atthecornerofthestreet
--inthecorneroftheroom
--onthecornerofthedesk
Trailn.一串,一系列
trailvt.跟踪,追踪(=follow)
--Thepolicetrailedthecriminaltotheplacewherehewashiding(criminaln.罪犯)
Printn.印痕
Clingv.粘(clung,clung,clinging)
--Sheisalwaysclingingtohermother.
--Heclungtothehopethathewouldsucceed.他怀有成功的希望
stickv.粘住(--sticktheenvelop)n.信封
stickto坚持(--sticktotheplan/sticktoone’spromi)n.许诺
stickyadj.粘的(--stickyfingers)
convincev.使…信服
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--Iconvincehimofmyhonesty.(n.诚实,正直)我使他相信我的诚实。
2>beconvincedthat…
--Iamconvincedthatsheishonestgirl.(adj.诚实的,正直的)
somehowadv.不知怎么搞地,不知什么原因
=bysomemeans,insomeway,forsomereasonunknown
--I’llgetthebookbacksomehow.无论如何我要把这本书取回来。
--Igotlostsomehow不知怎么搞地,我迷失了。
Somewhatadv.稍微,有点,有些(=alittle)
--ThepriceissomewhathigherthanIexpect.(highadj.高的)
disturbv.令人不安
disturbingadj.令人不安的/disturbedadj.感到不安的
surprisingadj.令人惊讶的/surpridadj.感到惊讶的
excitingadj.令人激动的/excitedadj.感到激动的
wildadj.野性的,野生的
investigatev.调查,研究
descriptionn.描写,描述
extraordinarilyadv.特别地,非常地,格外
similaradj.相似的,类似的
attackvt.攻击
difficultadj.困难的,艰难的difficultyn.困难,难点
rabbitn.兔,野兔
pawn.手掌,手爪
furn.毛皮,毛,软毛
bushn.矮树丛
fullyadv.充分地,完全地
collectorn.收藏家,征收者
Text课文
atlarge逃遁的,没有被控制的
--Thethiefisstillatlarge
atlarge详细地(=indetail)n.细节,详情
--Ineedtalktoyouatlarge
atlarge总体来讲(=asawhole)
--ThestudentsatlargearehungryforEnglish.(hungryadj.饥饿的,渴望的)
Wheremustthepumahavecomefrom?
Pumasarelarge,cat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAmerica.
在英文的表达方式中,首先呈现给读者的是结果(和中文不同)
英文擅长用长句,中文擅长用短句。
--Pandasarelargecat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAsia.(pandan.熊猫)
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cat-like猫一样的,偷偷摸摸的/dog-like狗一样的/life-like栩栩如生的
WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemiles
southofLondon,theywerenottakenriously.
一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词的后面,但为了保持句子平衡,也可以把
谓语动词放到从句之前
1>定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰
--定语从句的引导词:
--指人:主语who;宾语who,whom;定语who
--指物:that(也可以指人)/which
--时间状语:when/地点状语:where/原因状语:why
2>同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容
--同位语从句的引导词:
--名词(做主语、宾语等):关系词用that而不是which
--时间:when;地点:where
--定语从句中没有what这个关系词,但what可以引导同位语从句
--Anideacametoherthatshemightdotheexperimentinanotherway.
--Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim。
theywerenottakenriously(they指代reports)
takesthriously=dealwithsthriously认真地对待某事
--Ialwaystakeyoursuggestionsriously.
takesthlightly草率地对待某事(lightlyadv.轻率地)
--Don’ttakethehotpotatolightly(hotpotaton.棘手的问题)
However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedto
investigate,forthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveenthepumawere
extraordinarilysimilar.
Howeveradv.然而(起转折作用)
As连词:随着,当...之时
过去分词做定语:
--thedescriptionsgivenbypeople
--thestorytoldbythesailor(n.海员,水手,船员)
--abookwrittenbyLuxun
claimtohavedonesth声称曾经做过某事
--Heclaimedtohavebeenthemanagerofthelargeshop.
Thehuntforthepumabeganinasmallvillagewhereawomanpickingblackberriessaw
'alargecat'onlyfiveyardsawayfromher.
Whereawomanpicking…定语从句
--IstillremembertheschoolwhereIstudiedEnglish.
Itimmediatelyranawaywhenshesawit,andexpertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattack
ahumanbeingunlessitiscornered.
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Confirm=besure=becertain(confirmvt.确定)
Unlessitiscornered=ifitisnotcornered(unlessconj.如果不,除非)
--Hewillacceptthejobunlessthesalaryistoolow.
Thearchproveddifficult,forthepumawasoftenobrvedatoneplaceinthemorning
andatanotherplacetwentymilesawayintheevening.
arch=hunt
Whereveritwent,itleftbehinditatrailofdeaddeerandsmallanimalslikerabbits.
把某物留在后面:leavebehind
--Whereverhewent,thewoundleftbehindhimatrailofblood.(n.血)
Pawprintswereeninanumberofplacesandpumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes.
英文表达方式习惯用被动语态,突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执行者。
pumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes.(被动)
Wefoundthepumafurclingingtobushes.(主动)
--clingingtobushes是现在分词短语做宾补
Severalpeoplecomplainedof"cat-likenois'atnightandabusinessmanonafishingtrip
sawthepumaupatree.
complainof/aboutsth抱怨某事
on+名词:强调动作正在进行
--ontheri在上升/ontheincrea在增加
--onthewatch在观看/onthematch在比赛中
--onthefishingtrip在钓鱼的途中/onholiday在度假
Theexpertswerenowfullyconvincedthattheanimalwasapuma,butwherehaditcome
from?
Fully(adv.充分地,完全地)=completely=entirely
Asnopumashadbeenreportedmissingfromanyzoointhecountry,thisonemusthave
beenintheposssionofaprivatecollectorandsomehowmanagedtoescape.
sthbeintheposssionofsb=sthbeinsb'sposssion某物归某人所有(主语是物)
--Thebeautifulcarisinmyposssion.=Thebeautifulcarisintheposssionofme.
Sbbeinposssionofsth某人拥有某物(主语是人)
--Iaminposssionofthebeautifulcar.(inposssionof…做表语)
--Thepersoninposssionofthebighouixcited.(inposssionof…做定语)
takeposssionof…拥有…
Thehuntwentonforveralweeks,butthepumawasnotcaught.
Wenton=lasted(lastvi.继续,持续)
Itisdisturbingtothinkthatadangerouswildanimalisstillatlargeinthequietcountryside.
Itisdisturbingtothinkthat...一想到…就心理不安
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ItisdisturbingtothinkthatIfailmyexamination
inthequietcountryside在宁静的山村
Specialdifficulties难点
ExercisA
/
ExercisB
emanwehaveheardaboutsomuch.
lfyouputthobooksonhascollapd.(vi.倒塌,崩溃,瓦解)
dyoureceivealetterfrom?
特殊疑问句中whom不能省略(本句)。
定语从句中Which以及指代人的做宾语的Whom,在非正式用法当中可以省略。
省略时,介词不能前置到关系代词Whom,Which前,只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。
固定的动词短语
lookfor:寻找(去掉for后look没有寻找的意思,所以介词for不能前置)
非固定的动词短语
lookat:注视
livein:居住(去掉in后live仍有居住的意思,所以介词in可以前置)
Thisistheoldhouinwhichhelived.=Thisistheoldhouhelivedin.
theroadwecameby?
sthepencilyouwereplayingwith?
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
1…正确答案:D
incommonadv.共有(替换了similar)
2…正确答案:B
A)只是一个具体的特定的事列,阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意
B)largecat
persuadev.说服,劝说
3…答案正确:C
做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意
文章最后一句话总结了大意
句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键
4…答案正确:C
Make的用法:
makesomebodydo(在主动语态中不定式的符号to应该省略)
bemadetodo(被动语态中不定式的符号to必须补充完整)
--madetowaitforhours.
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5…答案正确:D
A)把say改成claim就对了(--Peopleclaimedtohaveenthepuma.)
D)清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系
6…正确答案:B
原句中的when引导的时间状语从句表示:-...就…(assoonas)
被动:Onbeingobrved,itimmediatelyranaway.
主动:Onobrvingher,itimmediatelyranaway.
Oneingme,hewavedtome.
7…正确答案:D
except可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配(也可是when/if引导的从句形式)
unless=if...not=exceptontheconditionthat…
when=if
--…exceptwhentheyarecornered.=…exceptiftheyarecornered.
--Wheneveryoucome,youarewelcome.=Ifeveryoucome,youarewelcome.
8…正确答案:D
A)mustbe只是对客观现实的推测,时态不一致
--对于过去事实推测一定要用:情态动词+have+过去分词
9…正确答案:C
onmorethan=nothingmorethan=only/within=notmorethan
10…正确答案:B
inacorner偷偷摸摸地,暗中地,秘密地
inatrap落于陷阱中
atanangle不正的,倾斜的(anglen.角,角度,角落,墙角,棱角)
undercover在遮蔽处,秘密地,暗中
11...正确答案:B
fishesforpleasure钓鱼消遣
travelforpleasure外出游玩
readforpleasure阅读消遣
12…
onone'sownadv.独自地,独立地,主动地(=alone)
forone'sownbenefit为了某人自己的利益
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Lesson02Thirteenequalsone十三等于一
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
equalv.等于
A等于BAequalsB
Equalvt.与...相匹敌
--Noneofuscanequalher,eitherinbeautyorasadancer.
beequalto+名词(equaladj.不相上下的)
--MaryisquiteequaltoJohninbrains.(n.智力,脑髓)
玛丽可以和约翰在脑力上相匹敌。
beequaltodoing:有能力,有力量来做某事(to是介词)
--Iamequaltorunningthecompany.
vicarn.牧师
raiv.募集,筹(款)--raimoney募集资金
提高--raitheprice提高物价
饲养、供养--raiahor饲养一匹马
种植--raiwheat种植小麦
召集、招募--raianarmy招募一支军队(armyn.陆军,军队)
提出、发出--raiacheer发出欢呼声(cheern.愉快,欢呼)
torchlightn.电筒光torchn.手电筒
caun.事情
churchn.教堂
figuren.外形,轮廓,体形
grocern.食品商人,杂货商人
belln.钟,铃,钟声,钟形之物
towern.塔,城堡
Text课文
Wasthevicarpleadthattheclockwasstriking?Why?
Ourvicarisalwaysraisingmoneyforonecauoranother,buthehasnevermanagedtoget
enoughmoneytohavethechurchclockrepaired.
现在进行时和always等频度副词搭配时:表示说话人带有某种的情感色彩
Tomisalwaysdoinghomework.汤姆总是做家庭作业,怎么也做不完。
Tomalwaysdoeshishomework.汤姆总是做家庭作业,不拖欠作业。
Heisalwaysmakingnois.他总是吵吵闹闹,真烦人。
oneoranother:表示这样或那样
--foronereasonoranother处于这样或那样的原因
--atonetimeoranother在这样或那样的时间
--inonewayoranother用这样或那样的方法
getenoughmoneytodosth募集足够的资金做某事
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--Ihavetogetenoughmoneytohavemyhourepaired.
1>找某人来做某事
--havethechurchclockrepaired
--havetheplanerepaired/--havehaircut
2>某人所遭受到的意外某种情况(主语必须是发出动作的人)
--iswalletstolen.
Thebigclockwhichudtostrikethehoursdayandnightwasdamagedmanyyearsago
andhasbeensilenteversince.
udto:过去常常做,而现在不再发生的事情了。
--Heudtosmokeeveryday.
Onenight,however,ourvicarwokeupwithastart:theclockwasstrikingthehours!
However--在口语中,主要用于句首;在作文中,最好用在句中、句尾。
要用逗号分隔开来
--Hesaidthatitwasso,hewasmistaken,however.
Hesaidthatitwasso,however,hewasmistaken.
他说这件事就是如此,然而他弄错了。
--Iknowhisstory,however,Iwouldn'tliketotellyou.
Iknowhisstory,I,however,wouldn'tliketotellyou.
However=Nevertheless(.)=Nonetheless(adv.)
.惊跳,惊起
--Thenoimadehimstarted(v.).
--Whatastart(n.)yougiveme./--hestoodupwithastart(n.).
Lookingathiswatch,hesawthatitwasoneo'clock,butthebellstruckthirteentimes
beforeitstopped.
before:...才
--Nearlyaweekpasdbeforeshecouldexplainwhathadhappenedtoher.
Armedwithatorch,thevicarwentupintotheclocktowertoewhatwasgoingon.
Armedwithatorch...过去分词
Lookingathiswatch…现在分词
分词做状语/定语的时候,一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致
Inthetorchlight,hecaughtsightofafigurewhomheimmediatelyrecognizedasBillWilkins
,ourlocalgrocer.
inthetorchlight在手电筒光下/inthemoonlight在月光下
inthesunshine在太阳光下/inthecandlelight在烛光下
非正式用语中whom可以省略掉
recognizedsomebodyas…认出某人是…
regardsomebodyas认为某人是/thinkofsomebodyas认为某人是
treatsomebodyas把某人对待为/haveonsomebodyas把某人尊敬为
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'WhateverareyoudoinguphereBill?'askedthevicarinsurpri.
Whatever中的ever用来加强语气
'I'mtryingtorepairthebell,'answeredBill.'I'vebeencomingupherenightafternightfor
,Iwashopingtogiveyouasurpri.'
nightafternight一夜连着一夜
dayafterday一天又一天/yearafteryear一年又一年
weekafterweek一周又一周/busafterbus一辆车接着一辆车
'Youcertainlydidgivemeasurpri!'saidthevicar.
肯定句中常用do,did,does加强语气和情感色彩(一定要位于动词原形之前)
--Youdolikenicetoday.你今天看上去确实很不错。
--Idolikeyou.
'You'veprobablywokenupeveryoneinthevillageaswell.
aswell用在句尾相当于too,主要用于肯定句中,但比too所表达的语意更优秀。
--Youlookedniceyesterdayandyoulookbeautifulaswelltoday.
Still,I'mgladthebellisworkingagain.'
still用于句首,用逗号分隔开来,表达一个转折的关系:虽然如此,但是
‘That'sthetrouble,vicar,’answeredBill.
'It'sworkingallright,butI'mafraidthatatoneo'clockitwillstrikethirteentimesand
there'snothingIcandoaboutit."
ThereisnothingIcandoaboutit=Iamatalowhattodo(atalossadv.困惑)
‘We'llgetudtothat,Bill,’saidthevicar.
"Thirteenisnotasgoodasone,butit''sgodownstairsand
haveacupoftea.'
getudto/beudto/beaccustomedto/getaccustomedto都表示习惯于
get强调渐近的过程,be强调习惯了的状态
Specialdifficulties难点
in
1>与表达惊奇、恐惧、失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用,在句中起状语作用。
insurpri惊奇地/inastonishment惊愕的
inalarm恐吓的/inembarrassment窘迫的
inamazement极为惊讶/indespair绝望的
indismay沮丧的/inanger恼火的/indisappointment失望的
2>表示以、用。用于语言,书写材料,色彩或声音等方面。
inEnglish/inpencil/inink/inoil用颜料/inred用红色/incode用代码
insuchahighvoice用这么高的声音/inafewwords用几句话
3>表示状态、情况或处境
introuble/indifficulty在困境中/inbed在床上/inahurry匆忙的
indebt负债/inlovewithsb爱上某人/intears流着泪
ingoodorder有条不紊,整齐,情况正常/ingoodrepair维修良好
ingoodhealth身体好/inpoorhealth身体坏
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inthebadmood情绪坏/inthegoodmood情绪好
inhaste匆忙的/inafavorofexcitement欣喜若狂
inpoverty在贫穷中/inluxury奢侈的
Exerci:
veryquickly=inahurry
eventually=intheend(eventuallyadv.最后,终于)
been=insight
withapen=inink/withapencil=inpencil
whichtheyshare=incommon(sharev.共享)
crying=intears
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
1...D
inorderadv.整齐,状况良好,适宜
outoforderadv.次序颠倒,不整齐,状态不好(=wasdamaged)
2...B
3...C
为…表示感谢:begratefulfor…/bethankfulfor…
不辞辛劳地做某事:takethetroubletodosth.
4...Binthepast是过去时态的标志;always用在实意动词之前
5...Dstroken.击,敲,报时的钟声
强调句式结构:Itwasnotuntil...that...—直到…才…
--Itwasnotuntilmidnightthatsnowstopped.—直到半夜,雪才停了。
6...B宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序
7...CMendvt.修理,修补
突出结果或者对现在的影响,用现在完成时。
8...Agetudtodoing表示习惯于(to是介词)
9...B
fund基金;cash现金;scholarship奖学金;investment投资
10...Arunashop经营商店
11...Anightafternight=everynight
12...C
still1>adv.仍,仍然,还
--Hecameyesterdayandheisstillhere.他昨天来的,现仍在此。
still2>adv.(连接副词)尽管如此,依旧,仍然(表达一种坚持的态度)
相当于inspiteofthat,eventhough,justthesame)
--It'sraining;Still,Imustgoout.
--Thispictureisnottoovaluable;Still,Ilikeit.
Yetconj.但是,然而(表示一种转折的关系)
--Ihavefailed,yetIshalltryagain.
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Lesson03Anunknowngoddess无名女神
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
goddess(tile)n.女神
archaeologistn.考古学家
Aegeanadj.爱琴海的
Explorev.考察,勘探
--Thearchaeologistsareexploringthecave.
explorationn.探险/explorern.探险家
promontoryn.海角
prosperousadj.(经济上)繁荣的,昌盛的
--ourfinanceisprosperous我们的经济非常的繁荣。(Financen.财政,金融)
thrivingadj.昌盛的,兴旺的--thrivingbusiness
boomingadj.蓬勃的,景气的--aboomingmarket繁荣的市场
flourishingadj.繁茂的,健康的
--Thoplantsareflourishing.那些植物长得茂盛。
civilizationn.文明/civilizevt.使开化,使文明
--highlevelofcivilization高度文明
storeyn.楼层(story的变体)
drainagen.排_______水
worshipn.v.祟拜/respectvt.尊敬,尊重/admirev.赞美,钦佩,羡慕
--Whodoyouworshipintheworld?
Warshipn.军舰,战船
Sacredadj.宗教的,神圣的
--sacredmusic圣乐/sacredpromi神圣的诺言
Holyadj.神圣的,圣洁的
--aholyperson.圣洁的人/aholyplace.神圣的地方
Solemnadj.庄严的,庄重的
--asolemnface严肃的面孔/asolemnceremony隆重的仪式
Fragmentn.碎片
Remainsn.遗物,遗迹,废墟
Classicaladj.(希腊和罗马)古文化的(即传统的);文科的,人文科学的
--classicalmusic古典音乐/classicaleducation人文科学教育
Classicadj.第一流的,标准的,著名的,典型的
--Thisistheclassicexampleofloveatthefirstsight.
Classicn.杰作,经典之作
--Thatjoke'saclassic;itreallyisfunny."这个笑话确属一流,真是妙趣横生。"
Reconstructv.修复(Re--重新,再次)
Constructvt.构造,建造,组织(通过装配或组合部件而构成)
--constructantence/constructabrokenstatuary(n.雕象)
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--buildahou造建筑物/putupatent
constructionn.建设,建造
constructiveadj.有教育意义的
constructorn.建造者,建设者
erectvt.盖,使竖立,使直立(buildhighbuildings)
--erectamonument建造纪念碑/erectaclocktower建造钟楼
tup/establish/found建立
--tupstudents'union学生会(unionn.联盟,协会)
--establishaschool/establisharule设立一条规则
--foundacountry建立一个国家
Restv.倚放,放置
Hipn.屁股,臀部
Hipn.[口]在服用兴奋剂、宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人;消息灵通人士;
adj.通晓的,见闻广的
--Maryisarealhip.玛丽是个爱赶时髦的人。
--Theguyisn'tahip.这家伙什么都不懂。
Joinedatthehip表示交情极厚的
--Thetwoarejoinedatthehip.
shootfromthehip信口开河
--Sorry,IsaidthatIshouldn'thaveshotfromthehip.
full-lengthadj.(裙衣)拖地长的,全长的,全身的
--afull-lengthdress拽地长裙
full-grownadj.生长完全的,发育完全的
fulltimen.专职,全部时间
gracefuladj.优雅的
--agracefullady
elegantadj.优雅的(举止)
--anelegantgentleman.举止文雅的绅士
identityn.身份
ancientadj.远古的,旧的
decoratevt.装饰;点缀
clayn.粘土,泥土
Romanadj.罗马的,罗马人的n.罗马人
Romen.罗马(意大利首都)
Indeedadv.真正地,(加强语气)确实
Text课文
Howdidthearchaeologistsknowthatthestatuewasagoddess?
Sometimeago,aninterestingdiscoverywasmadebyarchaeologistsontheAegeanisland
ofKea.
sometime1>经过若干时间2>在未来的某时
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sometimeadv.在某一时候,曾经,有一天
sometimesadv.不时,有时
中文习惯用主动语态。
英文习惯用被动语态。以事件、结果、影响、效果为主语,强调对客观事实的陈述。
AnAmericanteamexploredatemplewhichstandsinanancientcityonthepromontoryof
AyiaIrini.
which引导定语从句,修饰限定temple。(which=that)
stand(不及物)=lie(不及物)位于
=situate(及物)使位于,使处于
=locate(及物)使...坐落于,位于
whichstandsin...=whichliesin…=whichislocatedin…=whichissituatedin...
Stand1>身高2>表示高高坐落于,矗立于
--Shestands1.75m.她身高1.75米
--Agreattreestandsonthemount.一棵大树竖立在山上。
Thecityatonetimemusthavebeenprosperous,foritenjoyedahighlevelofcivilization.
for引导原因状语从句:对主句的附加说明和解释,提供更多的信息。
becau引导原因状语从句:强调原因。
--Thedaybrokeforthebirdsweresinging.
atonetime表达曾经,一度(过去时态的标志,=once)
musthavebeen对过去事实肯定的推测
enjoyedahighlevelofcivilization享有高度文明
dlargeroomswith
beautifullydecoratedwalls.
With…具有…
--ayoungmanwithbroadshoulders/anoldladywithblackhair
beautifullydecorated过去分词做定语
--abeautifullydresdlady衣着漂亮的女士
--adertedcarpark废弃的停车场
--awhitepainteddoor被刷成白色的门
现在分词做定语,被修饰词与修饰词之间为逻辑主动关系
--aboyclimbingthetree正在爬树的男孩
--thestudentsreadingintheroom正在房间里读书的学生
Thecitywaquippedwithadrainagesystem,foragreatmanyclaypipeswerefound
beneaththenarrowstreets.
beequippedwith配备,装备(equipvt.装备,配备)
airconditioning空气调节装置/airconditioner空气调节机,空调设备
--Thecarwaquippedwithairconditioning.
for引导原因状语从句
在正下方:Beneath=under
--beneaththenarrowstreets=underthenarrowstreets
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--Heisstandingunder/beneaththeumbrella.
在进行中:只能用under
--undercontrol控制之中/underdiscussion讨论之中/underrepairs修理之中
below在下方(强调在斜下方)
--Sheissittingbelowthewindow
Thetemplewhichthearchaeologistxploredwasudasaplaceofworshipfromthe
omantimes.
beudas/beudtobe把…用作为
--Theboxwasudasadeskinthesmallvillageschool.
--Thewoodenboxwasudasabookca.
beudtodo被用来做…
--Thewoodenboxisudtocontainbooks
Inthemostsacredroomoftemple,clayfragmentsoffifteenstatueswerefound.
Eachofthereprentedagoddessandhad,atonetime,beenpainted.
reprentvt.代表
--Ireprentalltheclassmates.
ThebodyofonestatuewasfoundamongremainsdatingfromthefifteenthcenturyB.C.
dating现在分词,修饰remains
datefrom=datebackto(开始于…,起始于…)
--Thecustomdatingfrom1990.(customn.习惯,风俗)
--Thetraditiondatesfromthetimewhenhisgrandfatherwasyoung.
--Thecastledatesfromthe14thcentury.=Thecastledatesbacktothe14thcentury.
城堡建造于14世纪
ItsmissingheadhappenedtobeamongremainsofthefifthcenturyB.C.
happento偶然,碰巧(强调事情的偶然发生)
--Ihappentohavedriventhatkindofcar.我恰巧开过那种车。
--Hehappenedtofindtheticketinhispocket.
Ithappensthat+从句
--IthappenedthatImetheronmywaytowork.
=Ihappenedtomeetheronmywaywork.
happenon碰巧碰上
--Ihappenedonthisoldpictureinthebackofthedrawer.
我偶然的在抽屉的背面发现了这张旧照片。
--Guess,whodidIhappenonwhileIwasinLondonlastmonth?
ThisheadmusthavebeenfoundinClassicaltimesandcarefullyprerved.
Itwasveryoldandpreciouventhen.
Whenthearchaeologistsreconstructedthefragments,theywereamazedtofindthatthe
goddessturnedouttobeaverymodern-lookingwoman.
Reconstruct=puttogether,piecetogether,restore(vt.恢复,使回复)
Amazed=verymuchsurprid
surprid>astonished>amazed>astounded感到惊讶(语气递增)
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tofind.../todiscover.../torealize.../toe…
--I'mnotsurpridtoeyouhere
1>turnout…(表示结果)结果是,原来是(=prove,都表示系动词)
turnout(tobe)+n./adj.
--Theconcertturnedouttobeafailure.
--Ourpartyturnedout(tobe)asuccess.我们的聚会非常的成功。
2>Itturnedout+that从句(it作形式主语)
Itturnedout+其它名词从句
--Itturnedoutthatthediamondshadbeeninthebankallthetime.
原来钻石一直都在银行里保存着。
--Itturnedoutthathisstatementwasfal.原来他的话是假的。
3>asitturnsout…后来人们发现…
--Asitturnedout,therewasnoneedtoworry.后来人们发现,没有必要担心。
--Asitturnedout,thereportwasmistaken.后来人们发现,报告被弄错了
Shestoodthreefeethighandherhandsrestedonherhips.
restonv.被搁在,停留在,信赖
=dependon(依靠,依赖)/leanon(靠着)
--Hishandrestedlightlyonmyshoulder
Shewaswearingafull-lengthskirtwhichswepttheground.
whichswepttheground近一步说明拖地的,拽地的
Despitehergreatage,shewasverygracefulindeed,but,sofar,thearchaeologistshavebeen
unabletodiscoverheridentity.
But,sofar,thearchaeologistshavebeenunabletodiscoverheridentity.
=Itisstillaproblemforthearchaeologistsuptonow.
Despite=inspiteof(两者都是介词),后面+名词/动名词
sofar,uptonow完成时的标志
discoverheridentity=findoutheridentity
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
1...D
'ItsmissingheadhappenedtobeamongremainsofthefifthcenturyB.C.'
2...Dbeemployedin被应用在...方面
thisisconfirmedbythefactthat引导同位语从句,补充说明fact的内容
3...Aindoingsth在...方面
4...Dprosperityn.繁荣(不可数)
know1>知道,认识
2>(文学用语)经历过,曾经有过(=experience,比experience更加正式)
--Heknewpovertyinhiarlydays.他早年有过痛苦的经历
5...Bsince:自从(主干的时态为现在完成时)
6...C
toone'ssurpri使某人感到惊讶的是
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在句中可做独立的状语,句子的主语不必是某个人
--Tomygreatdisappointmentthetrainhadalreadyleft
withsurpri惊讶地(Withsatisfaction/delight/dismay)
必须与行为动词连用,句子的主语必须是某个人
--Hesmokedhislastcigarettewithsatisfaction.
--Hewenthomewithdismay.
--Toourdismaythepartyprovedtobeafailure.
7...Bdespite=inspiteof(可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配)
8…Bsofar:现在完成时的标志
如果用possible/impossible,就要采用形势主语it
--Sofar,ithasbeenimpossibleforthearchaeologiststodiscoverheridentity.
9...AHolyadj.神圣的,圣洁的
religious宗教的/frightening令人害怕的/colourful丰富多彩的
10...Dingoodcondition情况良好=ingoodstate
welldone侧重强调做得好
conrvevt.保存,保藏(=keepfrombeingwasted,damaged,lost,destroyed)
“不用尽或耗尽某物,保留”
--Conrveyourenergyyouneeded.(energyn.精力,精神)
你该养精蓄锐,你回用得上的。
--Wemustconrveourforest.
maintainvt.维持,维修--通过修缮保养,不使...破损(强调动作的过程)
11...Bturnout=prove,都表示系动词
resolvevt,vi决定vt.(使)分解,溶解
--Heresolvedongoingout.他决定出去。
12...B
sofar=untilnow,uptillnow
beforehand(adv.预先)=inadvance(adv.预先)
atthisdistanceof/intime时隔已久
--Icanhardlyrememberhimatthisdistanceoftime.时隔这么久,我几乎想不起来他了。
Lesson04ThedoublelifeofAlfredBloggs阿尔弗雷
德.布洛格斯的双重生活
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
Doubleadj.两倍的,双重的
manualadj.体力的(=physicaladj.身体的,物质的)
manualwork体力工作
mentalwork脑力工作
collarn.衣领
white-collaradj.白领阶层的,脑力劳动者(thowhodomentalwork)
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blue-collaradj蓝领阶级的,工人阶级的(thowhodomanualwork)
gethotunderthecollar怒气冲天
--Hegothotunderthecollarwhenheknewthattheylaughedathim.
sacrificevt.牺牲,献出(togiveupforgoodpurpo)
--sacrificeone'slifeforthecountry
--sacrificetime
sacrificen.牺牲(--makemanysacrifices)
privilegen.好处(=advantagen.优势,有利条件,利益)
--sacrificeone'sadvantage/privilege牺牲掉某人的好处
privilegen.特权,特别待遇(=specialright)
--givesbtheprivilegeofdoingsth特许某人做某事
privilegeda.荣幸的
--Weareprivilegedtonighttohaveourheadmasterasourspeaker.
dustmann.清洁工
corporationn.公司
overallsn.工作服
showern.淋浴
cretn.秘密adj.秘密的,隐秘的
Confidentialadj.机密的
keepcret保密
--It'sbetweenyouandme.此事只介于你我之间。
--I'llkeepittomylf.我会保守秘密的。
incret私下里(=cretly,inprivate,privately)
--Iwastoldaboutitincret.
inthecret知道内情
--Hewasinthecretfromthebeginning
statusn.地位(=socialposition)
statuen.雕像,塑像
rin.发生,出现
lossn.损失
fellown.伙伴,朋友,同事adj.同伴的,同事的,同道的
Text课文
WhydidAlfwantawhite-collarjob?
Thedays,peoplewhodomanualworkoftenreceivefarmoremoneythanpeoplewho
workinoffices.
peoplewhodomanualwork=blue-collarworkers
peoplewhodomentalwork=white-collarworkers=peoplewhoworkinoffices
formoremoney(far副词用来加强语气=much)
Peoplewhoworkinofficesarefrequentlyreferredtoas"white-collarworkers'forthe
simplereasonthattheyusuallywearacollarandtietogotowork.
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referto...as=regard...as把...看作为
--Ialwaysrefertohimasbookworm(n.书呆子)
forthesimplereason=for引导的原因状语从句
forthereasonthat多用于正式文体,becau多用于口语中。
--Heisrefertoasabookwormforthesimplereasonthathesparenoeffortsreading.
--Hewasndtoprisonforhecouldnotpayhisdebts.
Suchishumannature,thatagreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfor
theprivilegeofbecomingwhite-collarworkers.
humannature人性
such...that...(that引导同位语从句,进一步补充说明such的基本内涵)
--Hiskindnesswassuchthatwewillneverforgethim.
=Suchwashiskindnessthat…(such在句首要倒装)
=Hewassokindthatwewillneverforgethim.
--Suchishumannaturethatwewanttogetalotofthingsfree.
介词for表示一种目的
bewillingtodosth=bereadytodosth心甘情愿做
Thiscangiveritocurioussituations,asitdidinthecaofAlfredBloggswhoworkedas
adustmanfortheEllesmereCorporation.
giverito=(leadtov.导致,通向)(cauvt.引起,惹起)(resultinv.导致)
--Suchconductmightgiveritomisunderstandings.这种行为会引起误解。
--Thebadconditionshavegivenritoalotofcrimes.不良的环境引起了犯罪。
inthecaof就...来说,关于,就...而言(=concerningprep.关于,涉及,就...说)
--Stealingisnoshameinthecaofhim.偷窃对他来说不是一件可耻的事。
incaof(副词)万一,以防(incaconj.万一)
--Youshouldensureyourhouincaoffire.(ensurevt.保证;担保,保险)
--Takeumbrellaincaofrain带上雨伞以防下雨。
who引导定语从句
Whenhegotmarried,Alfwastooembarrasdtosayanythingtohiswifeabouthisjob.
tooembarrasdtosay太尴尬而没有说明
beashamedof感到羞愧,惭愧
--Alfwasashamedofhisjobasadustman.
marry强调动作(--Hemarriedthegirl.他娶了这个女孩。)
getmarried强调过程(--Lastyeartheygotmarried.)
bemarriedtosb强调状态(--Theoldmanhasbeenmarriedtohiswifefor50years.)
HesimplytoldherthatheworkedfortheCorporation.
Simply副词--用来修饰限定动词told
Everymorning,helefthomedresdinasmartblacksuit.
dresdinasmartblacksuit--形容词短语表示一种状态打方框代表有问题
--Hegotoworkdresdinabeautifulcoat.
--Helefthomewearingasmartblacksuit.
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Hethenchangedintooverallsandspentthenexteighthoursasadustman.
changedinto换上/changebackinto换回
ashowerandchangedbackintohissuit.
Beforereturninghome=Beforehereturnedhome
Before和动名词搭配,相当于Before引导的时间状语从句。
如果运用动名词形式,动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语
--Aftergettinghome,hehadagoodrest.
--Beforehavingdinner,hefinishedallhishomework.
Alfdidthisforovertwoyearsandhisfellowdustmenkepthiscret.
Alf'swifehasneverdiscoveredthatshemarriedadustmanandsheneverwill,forAlf
soonbeworkinginanoffice.
sheneverwill=shewillneverdiscoverthecret
在省略句式中,never要放在助动词之前
--“willyougotoeher?”
--“Iwillnevertotoeher"="No,Ineverwill."
Hewillbeearningonlyhalfasmuchasheudto,buthefeelsthathisriinstatusiswell
worththelossofmoney.
halfasmuchas
half/aquarter/twice/threetimes+as...as...表示倍数
--Iwon'tmarryamanwhoistwiceasoldasme.
--Wegotthreetimesasmanypeopleasweexpected.
--Thisroomisaboutthreetimesaslargeasthatone.
是...的几倍:...as+形容词或副词原形+as...
比...多几倍:...times+形容词或副词比较级+than…
--Thisroadisfourtimeslongerthanthatone.=Thisroadisfivetimesaslongasthatone.
Whatheobtainediswellworththelossoftime.他的所得是值得花时间的。
well副词用来加强语气,修饰形容词worth
Fromnowon,hewillwearasuitalldayandotherswillcallhim'',not'Alf'.
Specialdifficulties难点
impossibilityn.不可能之事,不可能
grantvt.同意,准予
A.两类词汇:
1>tell,give等动词可以和双宾语搭配(指物的直接宾语,指人的间接宾语)
--Hetoldastorytome.=Hetoldmeastory.
2>explain,say等动词只能代一个(直接)宾语,在间接宾语前要用介词to
--Heexplainthedifficulttome./Hesaidnothingtome.
--ShespeaksEnglishtoherhusbandandSwedishtoherchildren.
--Headmittedhisguilttothepolice.(guiltn.罪行,内疚)
--Didyousuggestthisideatohim?
当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时,通常放在间接宾语之后(但say除外)
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--Iexplainedtohimtheimpossibilityofgrantinghisrequest.
=Iexplainedtheimpossibilityofgrantinghisrequesttohim.
--Heconfesdtomethathehadfallenasleepduringthemeeting.
=Heconfesdthathehadfallenasleepduringthemeetingtome.
confidevt.,vi.
1>倾诉(与in连用)
--Jonefeltshecouldonlyconfideinhermother.琼觉得她只有向她妈妈倾吐心中的秘密。
2>吐露(心事、秘密等),与to连用
--Oneeveninghecameandconfidedtomethathehadspentfiveyearsinprison.
有一天晚上他到我家来向我吐露他曾坐过五年牢。
B.“Worth"后面只能跟名词或动名词
--Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.
--Hisriinstatusisworththelossofmoney.
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
1...Aillustratevt.阐明,阐述
“...agreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbecoming
white-collarworker"
2...Cdoublelife
3...D"...hefeelsthathisriinstatusiswellworththelossofmoney"
previousadj.在前的,早先的
respectn.某方面vt.尊敬,尊重
4...Btogo可以省略
Theyusuallygotoworkwearingacollarandtie.
5...D
"Alfredwastooembarrasdtosayanythingtohiswifeabouthisjob."
too...to…(不定式to表示否定)
so...that…(在that引导的结果状语从句中,如果采用否定式,可以和too...to互换)
--Thewateristoohotforustodrink.=Thewaterissohotthatwecan'tdrink.
6...C"HesimplytoldherthatheworkeroftheCorporation"
simply副词(仅仅是,再没有别的了=only,just)
无论是simply,only还是just,往往用在所修饰的主体词之前。
--Ididitsimply/onlyforthemoney
--Idon'imply/onlybecauIhavetogotoworkeachday.
andnomore(放句尾)
inasimpleway简单地,简朴地
--Shewasalwaysdresdinasimpleway.
7...B
Before是介词和动名词形式搭配。--Beforereturninghome...
Before是连接词,引导时间状语从句。--Beforehereturnedhome...
before引导的从句,常用一般现在时或一般过去时,不用进行时。
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8...C"halfasmuchasitudtobe"
theamount要用定语从句进行限定
当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时,udto之后的动词必须省略掉
当主句的谓语动词是系动词时,udto之后必须带有系动词be.
--Ifeelthesummersarehotterthantheyudtobe.
--Ifeelyouaremuchfatterthanyouudtobe.
9...D
gain:获利,赢得(表示通过努力)
--gaintime,gainreputation,gainspeed,gainheight
fee:(为专业服务支付的)费用
--doctor'sfees医疗费/thelawyer'sfees律师费
--payformyuniversityfees支付我的大学学费
payment:(商业、信贷)支付的款项(非常正式)
wages:(体力劳动者的)工资
salary:(白领的)薪水
10...Bcompanionn.同伴,共事者comraden.朋友,,伙伴
11...C"wellworththelossofmoney"
payback偿还,报复
reward酬劳
value价值
compensatev.偿还,补偿
compensatefor赔偿=makeupfor弥补
--Hisintelligencemorethancompensateforhislackofexperience.
12...Acall=addresdas被称为
name命名/cryout喊叫/shoutv.呼喊,呼叫
Lesson05Thefacts确切数字
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
Editorn.编辑
Editvt.编辑
--editmagazine,editnewspaper
Editionn.编辑
Editorialadj.编辑的,主编的n.社论,评论
extremen.极端
gotoextreme(s)todo…做某事走极端
--Hewenttoextremetosaythattheplaywasthebestone.
--Hewenttoextremestosaythathisgirlfriendwasthemostbeautifulintheworld.
gofromoneextremetotheother从一个极端走向另一个极端
statisticsn.统计数字
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journalistn.新闻记者
reportern.(电视台)记者
correspondentn.(电台)记者,通讯员
presidentn.总统
palacen.王宫;宏伟的住宅
publishv.出版=print(vt.),gotopress(vi.)
--Thebookhasalreadybeenpublished.=Thebookhasalreadybeenprinted.
--Thebookhasgonetopress.
--Theyhavealreadypublishedthemagazine.
Faxn.传真(--ndafax)
impatientadj.不耐烦的
patience(n.耐性)patient(adj.有耐心的)patiently(adv.有耐心地)
impatience(n.不耐烦)impatient(adj.不耐烦的)impatiently(adv.不耐烦地)
firev.解雇(口语)
--Hewasfiredfromhisjob
dismissvt.解雇(正式)
--Themanagedismisdhimfromhiscompany.
Sackvt.解雇,辞退(俚语,口语)
--Ifyoudoitwrongagainyouwillbesacked.
Originallyadv.起初,原先,从前/originaladj.最初的,原始的
Text课文
Whatwastheconquenceoftheeditor'sinsistenceonfactsandstatistics?
Conquencen.结果
Insistencen.坚持,坚决主张
Editorsofnewspapersandmagazinesoftengotoextremestoprovidetheirreaderwith
unimportantfactsandstatistics.
gotoextremes走极端
provide=supply给...提供(通常与介词搭配连用)
providesbwithsth/providesthforsb
--Heprovidedthemwithabedforthenight.
=Heprovidedabedforthemforthenight
Lastyearajournalisthadbeeninstructedbyawell-knownmagazinetowriteanarticleon
thepresident'spalaceinanewAfricanrepublic.
本句=Awell-knownmagazineinstructedajournalisttowriteanarticleonthepresident'spalace
inanewAfricanrepublic.
Africann.非洲人adj.非洲的
Republicn.共和国,共和政体
Instructvt.教,教导,命令,指示,通知
instructsbtodosth.=tellsbformallytodosth正式告诉某人做某事
--Theteacherinstructedhimtotaketheexamination.
On=about侧重强调课题专一
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--abookonradio
Whenthearticlearrived,theeditorreadthefirstntenceandthenrefutopublishit.
Whenthearticlearrived=Whentheeditorreceivedthearticle
refuvt.拒绝(态度严厉)
--Iinvitedhimtodinner,butherefudme.
declinevt.婉言谢绝
repudiatevt.断然拒绝
Thearticlebegan:'Hundredsofstepsleadtothehighwallwhichsurroundsthepresident's
palace'.
which指代thehighwall
Theeditoratoncentthejournalistafaxinstructinghimfindouttheexactnumberof
stepsandtheheightofthewall.
Instructing(现在分词)进一步补充说明fax的情况
--hendmealetterinstructingmetocomebackimmediately
Thejournalistimmediatelytouttoobtaintheimportantfacts,buthetookalongtime
tondthem.
touttodo=decideandtrytodo决定,打算,着手做...
=taboutdoing决定,打算,着手做...
--Hetouttomakehisfirst1,000,000in5years.
takesbalongtimetodosth某事花了某人很久的时间
--Ittookmefivedaystowritethearticle.
Meanwhile,theeditorwasgettingimpatient,forthemagazinewouldsoongotopress.
Hentthejournalisttwomorefaxes,butreceivednoreply.
twomorefaxes=anothertwofaxes
Hentyetanotherfaxinformingthejournalistthatifhedidnotreplysoonhewouldbe
fired.
Whenthejournalistagainfailedtoreply,theeditorreluctantlypublishedthearticleasit
hadoriginallybeenwritten.
reluctantly=unwilling勉勉强强地,不情愿地
asitbadoriginallybeenwritten=initsoriginalway
Aweeklater,theeditoratlastreceivedafaxfromthejournalist.
Notonlyhadthepoormanbeenarrested,buthehadbeennttoprisonaswell.
Notonly位于句首,必须采用倒装形式。
本句=Thepoormanhadnotonlybeenarrested,buthadbeennttoprisonaswell.
倒装:(部分倒装)
1>否定副词位于句首,要倒装。
never,ldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,nowhere,nosooner
scarcelyadv.几乎不,简直没有
nowhereadv.无处,到处都无
--NeverhaveIreadsuchstories.我从来也没读过这样的小说。
--Nowherecanhefindthebookhewants.无论在哪他也找不到他要的书。
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--HardlydidIthinkitpossible.我并不认为这是可能的。
2>含有only的状语位于句首,句子要倒装。
--Onlythendidherealizethathehadmadeamistake.
--Onlywhenagreatdealmoreinformationhasbeenobtainedwillitbepossibletoplanatrip.
3>含有not的副词短语位于句首,句子要倒装。
notforacond决不,毫不/notintheleast绝不,一点也不
notforaninstant,notuntil
--NotintheleastisheinterestedinEnglishliterature.他对英国文学一点都不感兴趣。
--NotforaninstantdidIbelievehehadlied.我根本不认为他说了慌。
4>含有no的短语位于句首,句子要倒装。
atontime,innoway,innon,bynomeans,innoca,onnoaccount,onnocondition,
undernocircumstances(都表示‘绝不’)
circumstancen.环境,详情,境况
--Undernocircumstancescanweacceptthecheck.我们无论如何也不能接受这笔钱。
--Onnoaccountmustyouleavethebabyinthehou.你无论如何也不能把留在房间里。
5>sosuch位于句首,句子要倒装。
However,hehadatlastbeenallowedtondafaxinwhichheinformedtheeditorthatthe
hehadbeenarrestedwhilecountingthe1,084stepsleadingtothefifteen-footwallwhich
surroundedthepresident'spalace.
hehadatlastbeenallowed=hehadatlastbeenpermitted=hehadaskedforpermission
请求被允许做某事:beallowedtodo,bepermittedtodo,askedforpermissiontodosth
permitv.许可,允许,准许permissionn.许可,允许
inwhich--which指代fax
while和现在分词搭配,做时间状语,表示“正在做某事的过程中”。
--可以用while引导的时间状语从句去替换。
--Whilecounting…=whilehewascounting…
现在分词做定语:
--thestepsleadingtothepresident'spalace通向王宫的台阶。
--theroadleadingtotheforest通向森林的路。
fifteen-foot做前置定语,这里的名词必须上单数形式。
which引导的定语从句修饰wall,which指代wall。
--wallwhichsurrounded…(=wallsurrounding…)
--为了避免和前面的现在分词句式结构(leading)相同所以没有用surrounding.
Specialdifficulties难点here
倒装的用法
yhashemadethismistakebeforebuthewillmakeitagain.
endidIrealizewhatwashappening
illItrusthimagain.
doyoufindtrafficwardenswhoarekindandhelpful.
trafficwardenn.交通管理员(wardenn.监护人;看守人)
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
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1…C
excun.理由,借口
beyondprep.除…以外
satisfyvt.满足,使满意
dissatisfyvt.使感觉不满,不满足
factualadj.事实的,实际的
contentn.内容
2…B
3...Aactivityn.行动,行为/suspiciousadj.可疑的,怀疑的
4…B课文中的andthen强调动作的先后。
--Havingenthemovie,theywentforawalk.
6...Dareply表示“任意”的一个答复
7...Bunless=ifnot一般过去时
8…Cinformsbof/aboutsth
9…Cpublicn.公众,(特定的)人群
audiencen.听众,观众
lecturen.演讲
10…Bprint=publish
pressn.压,按gotopress交付印刷
pressingadj.紧迫的;迫切的
impressvt.盖印,留下印象
11...D
innocentadj.清白的,无罪的,天真的,无知的
unfortunateadj.不幸的
12...D
请求允许做某事:askforpermissiontodosth/允许某人做某事:begivenpermissiontodosth
admit+名词/动名词/that从句
Lesson06Smash-and-grab砸橱窗抢劫
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
smash-and-grabn.砸橱窗抢劫
smashvt.打碎,粉碎(=breaksthintopiecesviolently)violentlyadv.猛烈地
--Smashthecar.
Smashvi.打碎,粉碎(--Thedishessmashedonthefloor.)
smashinto撞击到某处(--Thebussmashedintoatree.)
grabv.抢夺,掠夺,夺取(=izesuddenly)
--Hegrabbedmebythearm.
--Hegrabbedthecoinandranoff.他抓起硬币就跑了。
snatchvt.抢,夺取(=catchsth/sbsuddenlyandviolently)
--Thebigbirdsnatchesthehenfromtheground.
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Seizev.抓住,逮住,夺取(强调抓住、抓到的结果)
--Fearizedher.她突然感觉很恐惧。
catchvt.捕获,赶上(车船等)(=getholdofsth/sbmoving)
--catchmou/catchbus/catchathief
Grasp强调“掌握”
--Wehavealreadygraspedsixthousandwords.
Hold强调抓牢、抓紧(catchholdof抓住)
--Heisholdinganumbrella.
arcaden.有拱廊的街道(两旁常设商店)
Piccadillyn.皮卡迪利大街
Jewelleryn.珠宝(总称)
Necklacen.项链
Ringn.戒指
Backgroundn.背景(onthebackgroundofsth.)
--backgroundinformation背景资料
--amanofexcellentbackground有很好的背景的人
velvetn.天鹅绒,丝绒
headlightn.(汽车等)前灯
blarev.发嘟嗜声,吼叫
staffn.全体工作人员
raidn.偷袭/raidvt.,vi.袭击,突击
scramblev.爬行(=creepquickly)
--Thetwothievesscrambledintotheircar.
Climbvt.爬上(--climbupthetree)
Mountvt.登上(--mountthehill)
Fantasticadj.非常大的
1>=verygreat/verylarge非常大的
--afantasticsumofmoney=averylargesumofmoney
2>=strangeadj.奇怪的,奇异的
--astrangedream=afantasticdream
3>=wonderfuladj.极好的,美好的,极妙的
--afantasticplay.
ashtrayn.烟灰缸
ownern.所有者,业主
admirevt.以赞赏的眼光看着
busilyadv.忙碌地
arrangev.安排,排列,协商
hornn.(牛、羊等的)角,喇叭
roarvi.吼叫,怒号
jewelern.珠宝商,宝石匠,钟表匠
wheeln.(汽车的)方向盘
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ironn.铁adj.铁的
furnituren.家具
diamondn.钻石,菱形
Text课文
trytostopthethieves?
TheexpensiveshopsinafamousarcadenearPiccadillywerejust"opening.
介词短语修饰shops
--Theshoeshopinmyneighborhoodwasjustopening.
在我家附近的鞋店刚刚开门营业
Atthistimeofthemorning,thearcadewasalmostempty.
,theownerofajewelleryshopwasadmiringanewwindowdisplay.
BeiJing,ourcapital,isdevelopingenormously.
--enormouslyadv.非常地,巨大地(=atfantasticspeed)
Twoofhisassistantshadbeenworkingbusilysinceeighto'clockandhadonlyjustfinished.
Diamondnecklacesandringshadbeenbeautifullyarrangedonabackgroundofblack
velvet.
Aftergazingatthedisplayforveralminutes,wentbackintohisshop.
Aftergazingat…=Afterhegazedat…
Afterhavinggazedat…=Afterhehadgazedat…
Thesilencewassuddenlybrokenwhenalargecar,withitsheadlightsonanditshorn
blaring,roareddownthearcade.
with的符合结构:(独立主格结构)
1>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系,应该采用现在分词形式作宾补。
--Shesatstaringintothedistancewithtearsstreamingdownhercheeks.
她坐着凝视着远方泪流满面。(Cheekn.脸颊,面颊)
--Shestoodtherewithherhandsrestingonherhips
2>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系,应该采用过去分词形式作宾补。
--Heranintotheroomwithhisfacecoveredwithtears.
--Withhishomeworkfinished,hefelthappy.
3>如果表达某事将要发生,要用动词不定式to;
--Withalotofworktodo,hecan'tgotothecinema.
4>如果是说明当时的情况,常用形容词、副词、介词短语表明宾语的状态;
--Heudtosleepwithallthewindowsopen.(openadj.开着的)
--Hewentoutwithhishaton.(on是副词)
--Withthemeetingover,wewenthome.(overadv.结束)
--Hecameinwithaknifeinhishand.(inhishand--介词短语)
--Towotherswithblackstockingsovertheirfacesjumpedout.(overtheirfaces--介词短语)
另外两个脸上蒙着黑色袜子的人跳了出来。
5>总结:
with用于句首或句尾,常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等。
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with如果跟在名词之后,是用来修饰限定该名词。
--athiefwithstockingoverhisface.
--ateacherwithabookunderhisarm.
--aroomwiththewindowsopen.
Itcametoastopoutsidethejeweller's.
cometo后面常接名词,表示达到
--cometoastop停下来/cometoanend结束/cometoadecision做出决定
--cometoanagreement达成协议/cometoanunderstanding互相理解
--cometosuccess获得成功,cometofame成名
停车stop=drawup=pullup
atthebarber's在理发店/atthebutcher's在肉店/atthebaker's在面包店
atthegreengrocer's在蔬菜水果店/atthegrocer's在杂货店/atthestationer's在文具店
atthetobacconist's在烟草店/atthechemist's在药店
barbern.理发员,理发师
butchern.屠夫,肉商
bakern.面包师,面包工人n.<美>(便携式)烘炉
greengrocern.蔬菜水果商人n.蔬菜水果商店
grocern.食品商人n.杂货店
stationern.文具商人n.文具店
tobacconistn.烟草商人n.烟店
chemistn.化学家,药剂师
Onemanstayedatthewheelwhiletwootherswithblackstockingovertheirfacesjumped
outandsmashedthewindowoftheshopwithironbars.
Whilethiswasgoingon,wasupstairs.
Heandhisstaffbeganthrowingfurnitureoutofthewindow.
Chairsandtableswentflyingintothearcade.
Oneofthethieveswasstruckbyaheavystatue,buthewastoobusyhelpinghimlfto
diamondstonoticeanypain.
helponelfto自便
--Myroommatehelpedherlftomyclotheswithoutaskingme.
Theraidwasalloverinthreeminutes,forthemenscrambledbackintothecaranditmoved
offatafantasticspeed.
atafantasticspeed/atatremendousspeed/atahighspeed/atafullspeed
withgreatspeed
Justasitwasleaving,rushedoutandranafteritthrowingashtraysandvas,
butitwasimpossibletostopthethieves.
Theyhadgotawaywiththousandsofpoundsworthofdiamonds.
hundredsofthousandsofdollarsworthofjewel
Specialdifficulties难点
前缀构词法:
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1>dis
加在形容词前
--agreeable(adj.使人愉快的)disagreeable(adj.不愉快的)
--content(adj.满意的vt.使满足)discontent(adj.不满的vt.令人不满n.不满)
--graceful(adj.优美的)disgraceful(adj.使失体面的,耻辱的)
--honest(adj.诚实的,正直的)dishonest(adj.不诚实的)
--satisfactory(adj.满意的)dissatisfactory(adj.不满意的)
加在名词前
--agreement(n.同意)disagreement(n.意见不同)
--honesty(n.诚实,正直)dishonesty(n.不诚实,不老实)
--ability(n.能力,才干)disability(n.无力,无能)
--grace(n.优美,雅致)disgrace(n.耻辱)
--comfort(n.舒适vt.安慰)discomfort(n.不舒适vt.使不舒适)
可以加在动词前
--agree(v.同意)disagree(v.不同意)
--appear(vi.出现)disappear(vi.消失,不见)
--believe(相信,信任)disbelieve(v.不信,怀疑)
在名词前加dis得到动词,表示除去、解除。
--courage(n.勇气,精神)discourage(vt.使气馁)
--root(n.根,根部)disroot/unroot(vt.连根拔除)
--mask(n.面具,掩饰v.戴面具,掩饰)unmask/dismask(vt.揭露,暴露)
--burden(n.担子,负担v.负担)disburden(v.解除负担)
2>il--加在以i开头的形容词之前
--legal(adj.法律的,法定的)illegal(adj.违法的)
--logical(adj.合乎逻辑的)illogical(adj.不合逻辑的)
--literate(adj.有文化的n.学者)illiterate(adj.没受教育的n.文盲)
3>im--加在以b,m,p开头的形容词之前
--possible(adj.可能的)impossible(adj.不可能的)
--mortal(adj.必死的,人类的)immortal(adj.不朽的)
--moral(adj.道德的)immoral(adj.不道德的)
--balanced(adj.平衡的)imbalanced(adj.不平衡的)
--balance(n.平衡)imbalance(n.不平衡)
4>ir--加在以r开头的形容词之前
--regular(adj.规则的)irregular(adj.不规则的)
--rational(adj.理性的)irrational(adj.无理性的)
--resistible(adj.可抵抗的)irresistlble(adj.不可抵抗的)
5>in--主要用于其它字母开头的词之前
--human(adj.人性的)inhuman(adj.野蛮的)
--correct(adj.正确的)incorrect(adj.不正确的)
--justice(n.正义,公平)injustice(n.不正义,不公平)
--sincere(adj.真诚的)insincere(adj.虚假的,不真诚的)
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6>un--只能用于形容词和动词之前
不
--happy(adj.快乐的)unhappy(adj.不幸的,不快乐的)
--friendly(adj.友好的)unfriendly(adj.不友好的)
--lucky(adj.幸运的)unlucky(adj.不幸的)
无
--conditional(adj.有条件的)unconditional(adj.无条件的)
--limited(adj.有限的)unlimited(adj.无限的)
非
--official(adj.官方的,正式的)unofficial(adj.非官方的,非正式的)
--just(adj.正义的,公正的)unjust(adj.不公平的)
未(主要用于过去分词之前)
--undecided(adj.未定的)unfinished(adj.未完成的)
--unexpected(adj.未预料到)unhurt(adj.没有受伤的)
用于动词之前表示做相反的动作
--lock(v.锁,锁上)unlock(vt.开...锁)
--tie(vt.系,打结)untie(vi.松开,解开)
--cover(vt.覆盖)uncover(vt.揭开,揭露)
--pack(vt.包装)unpack(v.打开包裹)
--dress(v.穿衣)undress(vt.使脱衣服)
--load(v.装载)unload(v.卸货)
Exerci:
1>polite(adj.有礼貌的)impolite(adj.无礼的,粗鲁的)
2>agreedisagree
3>legible(adj.清晰的,易读的)illegible(adj.难辨认的,字迹模糊的)
4>accurate(adj.正确的,精确的)inaccurate(adj.错误的,不准确的)
5>lockedunlocked
6>regularirregular
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
1.B正确onone'swaytodo
--Heisonthe/hiswaytobecomealawyer.
2.A正确warnsomebodyoutofone'sway警告某人别挡住去路
inone'sway挡住某人的去路
--Youareinmyway.挡住了我的去路。
3.C正确4.C正确
形容词和名词共同修饰名词时,形容词在前,名词在后。(adj+n+被修的名词)
--anoldvillageschool
--anemptybeerglass
5.B正确做句子结构题时要和原文加以对比
6.A正确madeof可以看出原材料
7.A正确begandoingsomething=begantodosomething8.D正确9.A正确
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acceleratev.加速,促进
--Thedriveracceleratedtopasstheothercar.
speedv.加快(加快动作和工作的进程,常和up连用)
--We'dbetterspeedup,ifwewanttogetthereintime.
--Thecarspedalongtheroad.
Revervt.倒车,颠倒,倒转
--Thecarreverdthroughthegate.
10.A正确
Overdresdv.(使)穿得太讲究
--Ifellratheroverdresdinthissmartsuit.
Overlookedvt.俯瞰,远眺
11.B正确
forthetimebeing=temporarily(adv.临时)
meanwhile=atthesametime
Asithappened随着这类事情的发生
forawhile=foramoment
12.C正确
flyflewflown(fly是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态。)
--goflying
--ndsthflying(ndsthdoing)(directionn.方向)
--Agustofwindntthepaperflyinginalldirections一阵风刮得纸片到处乱飞。
hurlvt.用力投掷
projectv.发射(=ndup发出,射出,长出)
Lesson07Mutilatedladies残钞鉴别组
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
Mutilatev.使残缺不全/mutilationn.切断,毁损
及物动词(经常用于被动语态)
1>毁伤、残害
--Hewasmutilatedintheaccident,andnowhasonlyoneleg.
--amutilatednote一张残缺不全的钞票
2>把...搞砸了
--You'vealreadymutilatedthenovelbymakingsuchchanges.
Dollar=dadpresident美元
chewv.咀嚼
--Alotofpeoplelovechewinggums.(chewinggums口香糖)(gumn.树脂,橡胶)
--Don'tbiteoffmorethanonecanchew.不要贪多嚼不烂。Bite(n.咬)
chewthefat聊天,闲谈
chewedup着急的、担心的嚼碎,毁坏,消耗
--Don'tgetworriedaboutyourexamination.
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--Don'tgetchewedupaboutyourexamination.
Microwaven.微波,微波炉
Microswitch微型开关
Microfilm缩影胶片
Microscope显微镜
Microcond一百万分之一秒,微秒
Microphone扩音器,麦克风
Microbiology微生物学
microadj.极小的,微小的/macroadj.巨大的
ovenn.炉灶
safekeepingn.妥善保管
keepsomethingsafe
--PleakeepyourIDcardsafe.妥善保管你的身份证。
干坏事:doevil(动词)/evildoing(名词)
惹麻烦:maketrouble(动词)/troublemaking(名词)
Newcastlen.纽卡斯尔(英国港市)
Identifyv.鉴定,识别(=proveidentityofsborsth)
--Hecan'tidentifytheperson
identityn.身份
--Sofarthearcheologistshavebeenunabletodiscoverheridentity.
=Sofarthearcheologistshavebeenunabletoidentifyher.
identificationn.辨认,鉴定,证明
spokeswomann.女发言人
troursn.裤子,长裤Britainn.英国despairn.绝望,失望vi.绝望
concernvt.涉及,关系到dismayn.沮丧,惊慌noten.纸币ashn.灰,灰烬
Text课文
WhydidJanecookJohn'swallet?
Hasiteverhappenedtoyou?Haveyoueverputyourtroursinthewashingmachineand
thenrememberedtherewasalargebanknoteinyourbackpocket?
断首或断尾运用疑问句:
断首--主要引起读者的兴趣和注意力。
断尾--进一步巩固、加深与本段所涉及的内容,并引起读者的沉思。
Whenyourescuedyourtrours,didnoteinyourbackpocket?
Rescuedvt.援救,营救
--Hundredsofpeoplewenttorescuetheplanecrash.
Rescue是一个大词(大词小用可以加强语气)
Whenyourescuedyourtrours,didyoufindthenotewaswhiterthanwhite?
whiterthanwhite=damaged,mutilated
PeoplewholiveinBritainneedn'tdespairwhentheymademistakeslikethis(andalotof
peopledo)!
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needn'tdespair(v.)=needn’tfeeldespaired(adj.)
Fortunatelyforthem,theBankofEnglandhasateamcalledMutilatedLadieswhichdeals
withclaimsfrompeoplewhofedtheirmoneytoamachineortotheirdog.
Fortunatelyforthem=luckilyforthem=happilyforthem
Teamn.队,组(=Organizationn.组织,机构,团体)
calledMutilatedLadies=thatcalledMutilatedLadies
--这里采用分词called是为了不和后面which引导的定语从句从复
dealwithv.处理(dealvi.处理,应付)
Claimn.(根据权利提出)要求,索赔
--makeaclaimfor对(赔偿等)提出要求...
.(fed,fed,feeding)给吃,喂
--feedsthto…把某物喂给…
Dogs,items,lovetochewupmoney!
items似乎
本句=Itemsthatdogslovetochewupmoney!
ArecentcaconcernsJaneButlinwhofiancé,John,runsasuccessfulfurniturebusiness.
第二段充分的说明了约翰是怎么样把钱从银行里拿回来
concernvt.涉及到(=isabout)
runafactory开一家工厂/runacompany开一家公司
Johnhadaverygooddayandputhiswalletcontaining$3,000intothemicrowaveovenfor
safekeeping.
Ihaveaverygoodday.我今天过得很好。
Ihaveagoodtime.我玩得很高兴。
Frosafekeeping=tokeepitsafe
Walletcontaining…=walletwhichcontained…
ThenheandJanewenthor-riding.
gohor-riding/gofishing/gohunting/goshopping
Whentheygothome,Janecookedtheirdinnerinthemicrowaveovenandwithoutrealizing
it,cookedherfiancé'swalletaswell.
Imaginetheirdismaywhentheyfoundabeautifully-cookedwalletandnotesturnedtoash!
beautifully-cookedwallet用一种讽刺的口吻,一种幽默
turnto=turnedinto=become
Johnwenttoehisbankmanagerwhonttheremainsofwalletandthemoneytothe
specialdepartmentoftheBankofEnglandinNewcastle:theMutilateLadies!
Who=bankmanager
TheyexaminedtheremainandJohngotallhismoneyback.
'Solongasthere'ssomethingtoidentify,wewillgivepeopletheirmoneyback,'saidaspokes
womanfortheBank.'Lastyear,wepaid$1.5mon21,000claims.
solongas=aslongas=onconditionthat只要…(表假设)
paymoneyfor…为...付多少钱
--Wepaid80dollarsforthedictionary.
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payoff还清(债务等)付清
--Thecoupleshavealreadypaidtheirdebtsoff
payback
1>把钱归还回去paymoneyback
2>报复、报仇paysomebodyback--Don’tsaythatagainorIwillpayyouback.
Specialdifficulties难点
Intervaln.间隔,距离,幕间休息
如何运用后缀(名词+后缀动词)
1>less(表示:否定概念)
--care(n.v.注意,关心)careless(adj.粗心的)
2>ful(表示:有,充满了)
--success(n.成功)successful(adj.成功的)
--hopeful(adj.怀有希望的)/careful(adj.小心的,仔细的)
3>ly(形容词+ly副词),(名词+ly形容词)
--daily(.每日的)/weekly(.每星期的)
--yearly(.每年的)/hourly(adj.每小时的)
4>ic/pic
--energetic(adj.精力充沛的,积极的)
--athlete(n.运动员,运动选手)athletic(adj.运动的,体育的,身体健壮的)
5>ish
--fool(n.愚人)foolish(adj.愚蠢的)
--childish(adj.孩子气的)/womanish(adj.像女人的)
Exerci:
1>painless(adj.无痛的,不痛的)
2>beautiful
3>daily
4>childish(--ish的形容词具有贬义色彩)
5>athletic(adj.运动的,体育的,身体健壮的)
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
1.B正确involvevt.包括,使陷入
2.D正确
--identifyidentifiable(adj.可以确认的)
--returnreturnable(adj.可退回的)
--eateatable(adj.可以吃的)
3.B正确unless=ifnot
4.A正确c)anylargebanknotes(any+复数)
5.C正确真实的条件句
6.B正确
一般来说,如果表示某人的东西就用's.
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如果采用介词of表示所属关系,被修饰名词前要出现定冠词。
--Mary’sbook=thebookofMary
7.C正确简单句,选用一般过去式
8.A正确safetyn.安全,保险
9.A正确
--inchargeof某人负责某物
--inthechargeof某物由某人负责
10.D正确--becomeash=turntoash=turnintoash
11.B正确
nd=dispatch(vt.送,派遣,发出)=deliver(vt.递送,交付)
convey(vt.运输,运送)fetch(vt.去取回来)
12.B正确
provided(conj.倘若)=providing(conj.倘若)
--Providedthatyoureducetheprice,I'lltakeallthegoods.
假如你减价,我会买下所有的货物。
c)suppod的形式不对,suppo和supposing都可以。
--Suppo(conj.假使...结果会怎样)=supposing(conj.万一,假使)
Lesson08Afamousmonastery著名的修道院
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
Monasteryn.寺院,修道院
Abbotn.男修道院院长
Conventn.女修道会,女修道院
Nunn.修女
abbessn.女修道院院长
d圣伯纳德
Passn.关隘
Watchdogn.看门狗
Rashlyadv.莽撞地,冒失地
Boldlyadv.大胆地,显眼地
Enclosuren.围场,圈地
Monkn.和尚
Privacyn.清静,隐居
Skiern.滑雪者
Skin.滑雪橇vi.滑雪(--goskiing)
Eastern.复活节
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--atEaster在复活节/atChristmas在圣诞节/atThanksgiving在感恩节
connect(v.连接,联合,关连)
Switzerland(n.瑞士,欧洲中部国家)
Italy(n.意大利,欧洲南部国家)
Metre=Meter(n.米,公尺)
Lie,Lay,Lain,Lying(vi.位于,躺,平放)
Lie,Lied,Lied,Lying(vi.说谎)
Lay,Laid,Laid,Lying(vt.放置,产卵)
Europe(n.欧洲)Asia(n.亚洲)
Tunnel(n.隧道,地道)Attempt(vt.尝试,企图)
Freedom(n.自由,自主)Wander(vi.漫步,徘徊)
Regular(adj.规则的,有秩序的,经常的)
Party(n.团体,一伙人)
Peace(n.静寂,安宁,和平,和睦)
Minusadj.负的,减的prep.减去n.负数
Minusadj.负的负的或在负值区间的
--aminusvalue一个负值/minusfivedegrees零下五度
Degreen.度数,度,程度
Text课文
ddogsudfor?
dPassconnectsSwitzerlandtoItaly.
St.=saint(n.圣人,圣徒adj.神圣)
Bernardn.伯纳德(男子名)
Passn.关口
把...与…连接在一起connect…to…/join….to…/link…with…
connect...with把...与某事联系在一起
--Ican'tconnectthepicturewithmyfriend,Mary.
beconnectedwith与...有联系
--Areyouconnectedwiththegovernment?
At2,473metres,itisthehighestmountainpassinEurope.
At2,473metres(介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态)
--Inred,shelooksmuchmorebeautiful.
--Attheageof25,heisable.在十五岁的时候,他很能干。
--Atonepoint65metres,heisalittleshort.
d,witchwasfoundedintheeleventhcentury,liesabout
amileaway.
Found(v.建立,创立)=tup(设立,竖立)=establish(vt.成立,建立)
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别:
1>非限制性定语从句只是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充、说明和解释,去掉
对主句影响不大。
2>限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分。
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1>who引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语
--asafamouspersoninAmericanhistory.
--,whodiedonJuly17that84,wasafamouspersoninAmericanhistory.
--Therewereveryfewpasngers,whoescapedwithoutriousinjury.(n.伤害)
旅客很少,他们都逃出来了,没有受到重伤。
--Therewereveryfewpasngerswhoescapedwithoutriousinjury.
没有受重伤而逃出来的旅客很少。
--Thetaxidrivers,whoknewaboutthetrafficjam,tookanotherroad.
所有司机都知道堵车的事,都走了别的路。
--Thetaxidriverswhoknewaboutthetrafficjamtookanotherroad,andotherswhodidn'tknow
aboutthetrafficjamstilltookthisheavyroad.
得知堵车的司机走了别的路,不知道堵车事件的司机仍然走这条路。
2>指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用which,不用that。
--Helentmeathousanddollars,whichwaxactlythesumIneeded.
3>指代时间when、地点where
--Hewasleftonthedertisland,wherehestayedforaslongasthreeweeks.
他被留在了荒岛上,在那里他呆了长达三周之久。
Forhundredsofyears,ddogshavesavedthelivesoftravellerscrossingthe
dangerousPass.
Life(n.生命,生活)lives(life的复数)
Thefriendlydogs,whichwerefirstbroughtfromAsia,wereudaswatchdogvenin
Romantimes.
which指代friendlydogs
--Thepanda,whichwasbroughtfromChina,wasudasasymboloffriendship
symbol(n.象征)
Nowthatatunnelahsbeenbuiltthroughthemountains,thePassislessdangerous,buteach
year,thedogsarestillntoutintothesnowwheneveratravellerisindifficulty.
Nowthat既然
1>用做时间连接词,后面通常跟完成式
--Nowthatyouhaveleftuniversity,youhavetofindajob.
2>用做原因连接词时,后面时态不限
--Nowthatyouwon'thelpme,Imustdothejobmylf.
whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever,whichever,however
=nomatterwho/what/when/where/which/how
--Youcantelephonemewheneveryoulike.无论什么时候你想打电话给我都行。
--Whicheverdayyoucome,we'llbepleadtoeyou.
--Whereveryougo,I'llfollowyou.
--Howeverbusyyouare,youmustsparesometimetostudyEnglish.
Despitethenewtunnel,therearestillafewpeoplewhorashlyattempttocrossthePasson
foot.
Despite(介词)=inspiteof(of是介词)
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attempttodosomething=trytodosomething企图做某事
Therebe结构:
--TherearestillafewstudentsstudyingEnglishintheclassroom.
=TherearestillafewstudentswhoarestudyingEnglishintheclassroom.
依旧有些学生在教室学习英语。
Duringthesummermonths,themonasteryisverybusy,foritisvisitedbythousandsof
peoplewhocrossthePassincars.
incars=bycar
Astherearesomanypeopleabout,thedogshavetobekeptinaspecialenclosure.
About(adv.到处,周围)
--Don'tlitterwastepaperabout.不要到处扔废纸。Litter(vt.乱丢,铺草,弄乱)
--lookabout到处看/goabout到处走/runabout到处跑/wanderabout到处闲逛
keep经常和介词短语、形容词、分词搭配使用,表示使某人或某物处于某种状态。
--Keephimout./Keephimin.(介词)
--Dokeepthecatintheroom.(介词)
--I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.(现在分词)
--Thelambwaskepttighttoatree.=Ikeptthelambtighttoatree.
lamb(n.小羊,羔羊)/tight(adj.紧的,绷紧的)
Inwinter,however,lifeatthemonasteryisquitedifferent.
quitetheopposite恰恰相反
Thetemperaturedropsto-30°andveryfewpeopleattempttocrossthePass.
Themonkspreferwintertosummeroftheyhavemoreprivacy.
preferAtoB宁愿A也不愿B
--Ipreferreadingtodoingnothing.我宁愿看书,也不愿什么都不做。
--Theboyprefersapplestobananas.
prefertodosththandosth
--Hepreferstoreadthandonothing.我宁愿看书,也不愿什么都不做。
Thedogshavegreaterfreedom,too,fortheyareallowedtowanderoutsidetheirenclosure.
Theonlyregularvisitorstothemonasteryinwinterarepartiesofskierswhogothereat
ChristmasandEaster.
TheregularvisitorstoBeiJing.
Theyoungpeople,wholovethepeaceofmountains,alwaysreceiveawarmwelcomeat
d'smonastery.
Mike,wholoveschessverymuch,enterforthegame.
Chess(n.国际象棋)
Specialdifficulties难点
1>what2>whenengaged(adj.忙碌的,使用中的)3>who
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
1...Cbebestknownfor=befamousfor…众所周知,因...而著名
attraction(n.吸引,吸引力)trap(vt.使受限制,设陷)
2...Cthemainadvantage(n.好处,优势,有利条件)
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endanger(vt.危及)
Swiss(n.瑞士人adj.瑞士的,瑞士人的)
Italian(n.意大利人,意大利语adj.意大利的,意大利语的,意大利文化的)
3...Ddiffer(vi.不一致,不同)
occupation(n.工作,职业)undisturbed(adj.不受打扰的)
pursue(vt.从事,继续,追赶)relatively(adv.相对地,比较地)
4...D名词作表语(原句中为at介词短语作状语)
5...A形容词或副词和enoughtodo搭配
b)选项错在sorashasto(--Youaresokindastohelpme.)
6...Awith的复合结构形式
--Alargecar,withitsheadlightsonanditshornblaring,roareddownthearcade.
--Withsomanypeoplearoundme,Ifellhappy.
7...C让某人做某事:letsbdo
8...C泛泛的概念采取一般现在时
9...B强调两者之间
10...Awhenever=ifever无论什么时候,只要情况是如此
--Whenever/ifeveryoupouroilonwater,itfloats.(vi.飘浮)
inca(conj.万一)主要是讨论预防措施
--Youshouldinsureyourhouincathereisafire.
11...Dvoyage(.航海,航行)
12...Cwander=roam(v.漫游,闲逛,徜徉)/graze(v.放牧,吃草)
drift(n.v.漂流)=float(n.v.浮动,飘浮)wonder(vt.想知道,感到奇怪)
Lesson09Flyingcats飞猫
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
Fascinatev.迷住,吸引住
Fascination(n.魔力,入迷,魅力)
Fascinating(adj.令人着迷的)
--Sweetmusicisfascinating.
Fascinated(adj.感到着迷的)
Befascinatedwith…迷上了…
--Heisfascinatedwithmusic.
--Heisfascinatedwithchess./AreyoufascinatedwithEnglish?
Becrazyabout…着迷于…
--Heiscrazyaboutmusic.
Bemadabout…着迷于…
--Heismadaboutmusic.
Like,Love,Befondof喜欢
--Theboyisfondoffootball.
Affectionateadj.充满深情,柔情的
--Catsareaffectionateanimals.
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Affectionately(adv.充满深情的,有感情的,慈爱的)
--Theladyislookingthatmanaffectionately
affection(n.友爱,爱情,影响,疾病,倾向)
affect(vt.影响,感动)
Mysteriousadj.神秘的,难以理解的
--amysteriousplan/amysteriouxplanation
mystery(n.谜面,神秘感)
--Hisdeathisamystery.
Submissiveadj.服从的,顺从的
besubmissivetosb
--Dogsandhorsaresubmissive,butcatsareneversubmissivetous.
Obedient(adj.服从的,孝顺的)
--Areyouobedient?
Submit(v.服从,顺从)
--submitonelftosb/sth
Submission(n.屈服,降服,服从)
Felineadj.猫的
Independencen.独立,独立性dependence(n.依靠,依赖,信任,信赖)
Independent(adj.独立自主的,不受约束的)dependent(adj.依靠的,依赖的)
--Youhavealreadygrownup,youmustbeindependent.
Depend(vi.依靠,依赖)independ没有此词
--Youmustdependonyourlf.
high-riadj.高层的
windowsilln.窗槛
paratroopern.伞兵
squirreln.松鼠
air-resistancen.空气阻力
impactn.冲击力
height(n.高度,海拔,高地[常用复数])
protect(vt.保护)
remain(vi.保持)
suspicious(adj.可疑的,怀疑的)
apparently(adj.显然的,外观上的)
ability(n.能力,才干)
fall(vi.倒下,落下)--(fell,fallen,falling)
medical(adj.医学的,内科的)
period(n.时期,学时)
shock(n.打击,震动)
injury(n.伤害,侮辱)injure(vt.损害,伤害)
ideal(n.理想adj.理想的,完美的)
sill(n.窗台,门槛)
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storey(n.层=[美]story)
behave(vi.举动,举止,运转)
suffer(vt.遭受,经历,忍受vi.受痛苦,受损害)
stretch(v.伸展,伸长)
increa(n.增加vt.增加,加大vi.增加,繁殖)
resistance(n.阻力,电阻,抵抗力,反抗,抵抗)
reduce(vt.减少,缩小)
Text课文
Howdocatstrytoprotectthemlveswhenfallingfromgreatheights?
Catsneverfailtofascinatehumanbeings.
neverfailto双重否定意味肯定(运用双重否定结构加深句子肯定的语气)
--Ifyouaskforhelpinthepoliteway,youneverfailtosucceed.
--Ifyoureceiverequestslikethis,you'llneverfailtoaccept.
双重否定结构:(起加深句子肯定的语气的作用)
1>否定词+failto
--neverfailto/can'tfailto/don'tfailto
2>否定的形容词之前加以否定
--Whathesaidisnotunreasonable.(adj.不讲道理的,不合理的)
--Itisquitecommonforustomakemistakes.
=Itisnotuncommonforustomakemistakes.
3>not+without
--Youcan'(vt.获得,得到)
--Hedoesn'thaveanymealwithoutmeats.
4>no+not
--Thereisnocatthatdoesn'tlikefish.
--Thereisnothingthathecan'tdo.没有什么他不能做的。
--Thereisnorulethathasnoexception.没有无例外的法规。Exception(n.除外,例外)
Theycanbefriendlyandaffectionatetowardshumans,buttheyleadmysteriouslivesof
theirownaswell.
aswell也,又,同样
Theyneverbecomesubmissivelikedogsandhors.
Asaresult,humanshavelearnedtorespectfelineindependence.
asaresultadv.结果
havelearnedto学会了,习惯了
--Peoplehavelearnedtoexpect(盼望)thattrainsarepunctual.(adj.准时的)
--Childrenhavelearnedtoexpect(认为)thattheirparentsareveryable.(adj.能干的)
Mostcatsremainsuspiciousofhumansalltheirlives.
besuspiciousof…对…表示怀疑,存有戒心
Oneofthethingsthatfascinatesusmostaboutcatsisthepopularbeliefthattheyhavenine
lives.
that引导同位语从句
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--Oneofthethingsthatfascinatesusmostaboutplanesisthepopularfactthattheyaresafeand
fast.
Apparently,re
agooddealof+不可数名词
apparently(adv.显然地),语气不是非常确定(=Itemsthat...)
Acat'sabilitytosurvivefallsisbadonfact.
Survive(v.幸免于,幸存,生还)
Fall(n.堕落,落下,下降)
--acat'sabilitytosurvivefallsisbadonfact
bebadon基于事实基础之上
basthon…把某事建立在…基础之上
--Webathetheoryonthefact.我们把这理论建立在事实的基础之上。
--Thetheoryisbadonfact.这理论是建立在事实基础上的。
RecentlytheNewYorkAnimalMedicalCentermadeastudyof132catsoveraperiodof
five
months.
makeastudyofsth对什么作出研究
overaperiodoffivemonths
Allthecatshadoneexperienceincommon:theyhadfallenoffhighbuildings,yetonly
eightofthemdiedfromshockorinjuries.
incommon=thesame
falloff坠落,掉落
dieof+illness,dia,hunger,thirst
diefrom+shock,injures,wound
Ofcour,NewYorkistheidealplaceforsuchaninterestingstudy,becauthereisno
shortageoftallbuildings.
Shortage(n.不足,缺乏)=lack(n.缺乏,短缺),两个词都和of搭配
--Shortageofmoneyledtothefailureoftheexperiments.
资金缺乏导致实验的失败。
Thereareplentyofhigh-riwindowsillstofallfrom!Onecat,Sabrina,fell32storeys,yet
onlysufferedfromabrokentooth.
32storeys
sufferfrom遭受什么痛苦
--Alotofpeopleintheworldaresufferingfromterribledia.
'Catsbehavelikewell-trainedparatroopers.'adoctorsaid.
behavelike=actlike
well-trained训练很好的,well-decorated装饰漂亮的
Itemsthatthefurthercatsfall,thelesstheyarelikelytoinjurethemlves.
themore...themore...(用定冠词the+形容词或副词的比较级)
--TheharderyoustudyEnglish,thebetteryoucanlearnit.
--Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.
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belikelytodo有可能如何(强调可能性)
--Incoldwinter,wearelikelytocatchacold.
Inalongdrop,theyreachspeedsof60milesanhourandmore.
andmore甚至更多(=morethan60milesanhour)
Athighspeeds,retchouttheirlegslike
flyingsquirrels.
athighspeeds
stretchout充分伸展
Thisincreastheirair-resistanceandreducestheshockofimpactwhentheyhittheground.
Specialdifficulties难点
so,such,sucha,suchan
1>so
2>such(fun是不可数名词)
3>suchan(exhibitionn.展览会)
4>so(twinn.双胞胎中一人)
5>sucha
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
1...Aendlesslyfascinating无穷的吸引人的
Endlessly(adv.不断地,无穷尽地)
2...D3...A
unlikely(adj.未必的,不太可能的)
exceed(vt.超越,胜过)
4...C
for对于人们来讲
with对于人们来讲(强调对比概念)
--Withsomechildren,theirpocketmoneygoesalongway.(暗含:对于其他的孩子来说…)
Unfailing(adj.经久不衰的,无穷尽的)
Endless(adj.无止境的,无穷的)
5...B
as...as...象…一样
inthewaythat...以…方式
--Iloveyouinthewaythatyouloveme.
--Welikemodernartinthesamewaythatwelikeprettycurtainmaterial.
6...Dpopularly(adv.一般地,流行地,通俗地,大众地)
Itissaidthat...据说…
Itisannouncedthat...据宣布…
Itisreportedthat...据报道…
7...Bthereisplentyof改为thereareplentyof就对了
8...A9...A
throughout(prep.遍及,贯穿)
--throughoutone'slife毕生,整个一生中
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during在…期间(时间较短)
--duringourholiday/duringtheweek
through侧重强调从空间穿过
--throughthecrowd穿过人群/throughthedoor
--MondaythroughFriday
10...CItwouldem(that)...=apparently
eventn.结果,事件,事变(intheeventadv.结果,如果)
Surprisingly(adv.令人惊讶地)
11...C
explain(v.解释,说明)
test(v.测试,试验,检验)
.(bore,borne/born,bearing)v.负担,忍受
support(vt.支撑,扶持,支持)
--Thetheoryissupportedbythefact.
--Thetheoryisbadonthefact.
12...A
evenso(conj.虽然如此)注意:要有上下文
--Heisverytired,evensohekeepsstudyingEnglishhard.
Although(conj.虽然,尽管)引导让步状语从句
inspiteof(虽然,尽管)只用了连接名词、动名词或代词
moreover(adv.而且;此外)表示递近关系
--Idon'tlikeskating;moreover,theiceistoothin.我不喜欢溜冰,而且冰也太薄。
Lesson10ThelossoftheTitanic“泰坦尼克”号的沉没
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
Southamptonn.南安普敦(英国港市)
Colossaladj.庞大的(=largeinsize)
--AshipTitanicwascolossal.
--Acolossalmonument/Acolossalstatue
big
--Yougivemeabigsurpri.
--Heisabigperson.(重要)
--Theboxisbig.(largeandheavy)
large(体积大、数量大)
--anemptylargebox(体积大)/alargenumberofpeople(数量大)
great(伟大)
vast(辽阔、广阔)--vastdert
immen(adj.极广大的,无边的)
--immen=immeasurable不可测量的(measurableadj.可测量的)
--animmenstadium/animmeniceberg
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enormous(重点突出数量、程度、体积)---强调程度时比big语气,且更正式。
--Wehadanenormouslunch.
--Hemadeabigsuccess./Hemadeanenormoussuccess.
Giant(n.巨人,大力士adj.庞大的,巨大的)=gigantic(adj.巨人般的,巨大的)
--agiantperson
tremendous(=big、fast、powerful)
--Theplaneistravellingattremendousspeed.
Titanic(用于修饰人和物、体积大、力量大)
--Theshipistitanic.
Huge
--强调体积大ahugestone/数量巨大ahugesumofmoney
watertightadj.不漏水的(--awatertightship)
watertight(引申为无限可击的、毫无破绽的)
--watertightarguments无懈可击的论点/watertightexcu毫无破绽的借口
waterproof(adj.防水的)proof(adj.不能透入的)
--waterproofwatch防水手表/waterproofcoat防水雨衣
compartmentn.(轮船的)密封舱
floodv.充满水(=befilledwithwater)
--Theshipisflooded.
--Theroomwasfloodedwithmoonlight.
--Ourclassroomisfloodedwithsunshine.
Floodn.洪水(--inflood洪水泛滥)
--Duringtherains,theriverisinflood
引申表示连续不断的、滔滔不绝的(--inafloodofwords)
--Sheblamedherhusbandinafloodofwordsoneinghim.
Floatv.漂浮,飘浮=drift(vi,vt漂浮,漂荡,漂流n.漂流物,漂流)
tragicadj.悲惨的(=unfortunate)--atragicaccident
mirable(adj.痛苦的,悲惨的)
bitteradj.痛苦的
tragedyn.悲剧,惨案(--intragedy以悲剧形式)
--Theholidayendedintragedy.
Comedyn.喜剧
comicadj.喜剧的,滑稽的
comicaladj.古怪的,可笑的(含有贬义)
linern.班船
voyagen.航行(海上航行)/flight飞行/journey长途行程
--Thevoyageismorethantheoldladycanbear.
navigation航海,航行学,航海[航空]术
--navigationlight夜航灯光,导航灯
Icebergn.冰山
lookoutn.了望员
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collisionn.碰撞
collidevi碰撞,抵触
--Theplanecollidedwiththemountain.
crashv.坠毁
--Itissaidthatthereisanairplanethatcrashedinthemountains.
conflictvi.和某事(某人)相抵触
--Myideaconflictswithyours.
clashvi.相冲突
--Hisweddingclashedwithmyexamination,soIcouldn'tgo.
Narrowlyadv.刚刚,勉强地
missv.避开
slightadj.轻微的
tremblev.震颤(有规律的、小幅度的抖动)
--Look,'swrongwithyou?
Shiverv.强调由于寒冷、惧怕而一连串地抖动
--Ifoundhe'sshiveringinacold.
shuddervi.强调全身的颤栗
--Theboyisshuddering,why?Becauhewasfrightened.
Faintadj.微弱的(=weakadj.弱的,虚弱的)
--faintsound,weaksound/weakvoice,faintvoice
=unconscious(adj.失去知觉,无意识的)
--Hehasbeenfaintforalongtime.
slightadj.轻微的,微不足道的
--aslightheadache点轻微的头疼/aslightbook一本微不足道的书
horrorn.恐惧
abandonv.抛弃(因为某事而被迫放弃自己喜爱的事物)
--Heabandonedhisrearchbecauofthewar.
dert(vt.放弃,遗弃,离弃)
--dertthearmy/derttheduty/derthisfamily
plungev.投入,跳入(=jumporrushsuddenlyandwildly)
--Hegotsoangrythatheplungeintothewater.
--WhentheshipTitanicsankintheocean,alargenumberofpeopleplungedinto...
jump(侧重强调快速地跳)
--Theboyisjumpingupanddown.
Leapvt.跳跃,跳越(--Heleaptoutofthesleepingbad.)
Divevi.潜水,跳水,下潜,俯冲
lifeboatn.救生船
pasngern.乘客,旅客
crewn.全体人员tonn.吨,大量,许多
unsinkableadj.不会下沉的,不会沉底的
sinkingn.沉没Atlanticn.大西洋adj.大西洋的
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Alarmn.警报
Sharplyadj.突然地,急剧地,强烈地,尖锐地
Directadj.直接的,笔直的
Tremblingadj.发抖的,震颤的,颤抖的n.发抖,震颤
Text课文
Whatwouldhavehappenedifonlytwoofthesixteenwater-tightcompartmentshadbeenflooded?
Thegreatship,Titanic,sailedforNewYorkfromSouthamptononApril10th,1912.
Thegreatship,Titanic,sailedfor...背景介绍
sailfor…航海去往某处
toutfor/tofffor出发去往某处
leavefor/headfor/makefor出发去往某处
--HewilltoutfortheAtlantic.
--Theplaneismakingfortheairport.
--WeareheadingforCanada.
Shewascarrying1,316pasngersandacrewof891.
Shewascarrying...(carry表示载有)
acrewof一组人员
Evenbymodernstandards,the46,000tonTitanicwasacolossalship.
modernstandards现代的标准
by=accordingto表示依据
--byregulation依据规则(regulationn.规则,规章)
--byrules依据条例(rulen.规则,惯例)
--byourestimate依据我们的估计(estimaten.估计,估价,评估v.估计,估价,评估)
--byone'slooks=byone'sappearance根据某人的长相(appearancen.外貌,出现)
accordingto…依据(事实、课文等客观存在的现实)
--accordingtothefact依据事实
--accordingtothe
Text课文依据这篇课文
inaccordancewith=accordingto
inaccordancewith…依据(法律等),更加正式
--inaccordancewithlaw/inaccordancewithrules
inmyopinion在我看来
Atthetime,however,shewasnotonlythelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuilt,butwas
regardedasunsinkable,forshehadsixteenwatertightcompartments.
Atthattime在当时
notonly...but(also)...不仅…而且…
beregardedas=beconsideredtobe=bethoughtofas把...看作为
口语中:regardsb./+(n./porn./adj./doing/done)
--Iregardhisideaastotallyunacceptable.(adj.无法接受的,不受欢迎的)
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--Wecan'tregardthematterasttled.(adj.定下的,决定的)
for表示原因
Eveniftwoofthewereflooded,shewouldstillbeabletofloat.
beableto强调有能力
Thetragicsinkingofthisgreatlinerwillalwaysberemembered,forshewentdownonher
firstvoyagewithheavylossoflife.
beremembered被永远记住(alwaysadv.永远,始终,总是)
godown=sink
onherfirstvoyage处女航,首航
withheavylossoflife损失惨重,造成大批人员的死亡
Fourdaysafterttingout,whiletheTitanicwassailingacrosstheicywateroftheNorth
Atlantic,hugeicebergwassuddenlyspottedbyalookout.
fourdaysafterttingout...=fourdaysafterttingoff...
spotted=discovered
icy(adj.冰冷的,冷淡的,盖着冰的)waters(n.水域,海域)
Afterthealarmhadbeengiven,thegreatshipturnedsharplytoavoidadirectcollision.
thealarmhadbeengiven发出警报
toavoid...不定式表目的
TheTitanicturnedjustintime,narrowlymissingtheimmenwalloficewhichroover
100feetoutofthewaterbesideher.
Justintime很及时
Missing…现在分词做状语,对主句的补充说明
which指代theimmenwallofice
Suddenly,therewasaslighttremblingsoundfrombelow,andthecaptainwentdowntoe
whathadhappened.
frombelow从下方/fromabove从上方
Thenoihadbeensofaintthatnoonethoughthattheshiphadbeendamaged.
Sofaintthatnoonethoughtthat...(so...that…)
Below,thecaptainrealizedtohishorrorthattheTitanicwassinkingrapidly,forfiveofher
sixteenwatertightcompartmentshadalreadybeenflooded!
toone'shorror使某人感到惊恐
toone'ssurpri使某人感到惊讶
Theordertoabandonshipwasgivenandhundredsofpeopleplungedintotheicywater.
Theorderwasgiven命令被下达/toabandonship弃船(不定式做定语)
--beabletodosth能够做某事/theabilitytodosth做某事的能力
--ordersbtodosth命令某人做某事/theordertodosth做某事的命令
--becapableofdoingsth有能力做某事/capabilityofdoingsth做某事的能力
ability(n.能力,才干)
capable(adj.有能力的,能干的,有可能的)
capability(n.能力,才能,才干)
Astherewerenotenoughlifeboatsforeverybody,1,500liveswerelost.
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As=becau
Specialdifficulties难点
1>动词后加-er
如果是以不发音的e结尾的,只加r(表示行为的主动者,做某事的人)。
workworker/teachteacher/writewriter/readreader
murder(vt.谋杀,凶杀)murderer(n.杀人犯,凶手)
2>动词、名词后加-ist(表示某种主义信仰者,从事某种职业、研究的人。)
Copycopyist(n.抄写员,模仿者)
typetypist(n.打字员)
novel(n.小说,长篇故事)novelist(n.小说作家)
drug(n.药)druggist(n.药商,药剂师)
tobacco(n.烟草,烟草制品)tobacconist(n.烟草商,烟店)
3>形容词后加-ness(抽象名词,表示一种性质、情况、状态)
kindkindness(n.仁慈,亲切,好意,善意)
bitterbitterness(n.苦味,辛酸,苦难)
happyhappiness(n.幸福,快乐)---以结尾要变y为i加ness.
willing(adj.乐意的,自愿的)willingness(n.自动自发,积极肯干)
4>某些动词后加-ion,构成名词。
Suggestsuggestion
posss(vt.占有,拥有,持有)posssion(n.拥有,占有)
collectcollection(n.收藏,搜集品)
以-te结尾的动词,把不发音的-e去掉,在加-ion.
Translate(vt.翻译,解释,转化)translation(n.翻译,译文,转化)
completecompletion(n.完成)
graduate(v.(使)(大学)毕业)graduation(n.毕业,毕业典礼)
某些以-aim/-ain结尾的动词、把-i去掉,在加-ation.
Explain(v.解释,说明)explanation(n.解释,解说,说明)
Exclaim(v.呼喊,惊叫,大声叫)exclamation(n.惊叫,喊叫)
5>(以-able/-ible结尾的)形容词之后加-ity变成(以-ability/-ibility结尾的)抽象名词
(表示性质、状态)
ableability
probable(adj.很可能的,大概的)probability(n.可能性,或然性,概率)
possible(adj.可能的)possibility(n.可能性,可能发生的事物)
mobile(adj.可移动的,机动的)mobility(n.活动性,灵活性,机动性)
Exerci:
Violin(n.小提琴)violinist(n.小提琴演奏者,小提琴家)
Responsible(adj.有责任的,可靠的)responsibility(n.责任,职责)
Careless(adj.粗心的,疏忽的)carelessness
1>physics(n.物理学)physicist(n.物理学者,唯物论者)
2>mine(n.矿v.开采,开矿)miner(n.矿工)
3>human(n.人类adj.人类的)humanity(n.人性,人类)
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4>impress(vt.留下印象)impression(n.印象,感想)
--makeagoodimpression
5>original(adj.最初的,原始的)originality(n.创意,创造性)
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
1...Dmaiden(n.少女,处女adj.未婚的,纯洁的,处女的)
--onherfirst=maidenvoyage首航,处女航
2…Ccour(n.过程,路线,课程)--steep(adj.陡峭的,险峻的)steeply(adv.险峻地)
3...A
4...Bonboardher(her指代的是thegreatship)
--onboardtheplane在飞机上--onboardthetrain在火车上--onboardtheship在轮船上
5...D表示下沉的可能性
6…D有了“段时间”fourdays,所以用过去完成进行时。
7...Bso位于句首,句子必须倒装。8...D
9...Aveer(vi.转向vt.使转向)=turn
10...Cjustintime=withnotimetospare躲得很及时
innexttonotime=atonce=immediately
onasuddenimpul凭一时的冲动(impuln.冲动,推动,刺激)
11...B重点在于下去调查
investigate(v.调查,研究)examine(v.检查,调查)
12...Aroom(n.空间)
volume(n.容量,容积)
area(n.范围,区域,地区)
place(n.地方,地点)
Lesson11Notguilty无罪
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
Guiltyadj.犯罪的,违法的
--Hefeltguiltywhenhedidwhatheshouldn'thavedone.
--Hesaidthatwithaguiltysmile.
Guilt(n.罪行,内疚)guiltily(adv.有罪地,有罪似地)
反义词:innocent(adj.清白的,无罪的)innocence(n.清白)
tolerantadj.宽容的Tolerantly(adv.)
--Atolerantpersonmustbeeasygoing.一个宽容的人一定是很好相处的。
Tolerance(n.宽容,忍受,容忍)Tolerate(vt.忍受,容忍)
Tolerable(adj.可忍受的)hardship(n.困苦,艰难,辛苦)
--Thehardshipistolerable.这种困苦还是可以忍受的。
declarev.申报
hardenedadj.有经验的(侧重于老练的)
--ahardenedplayer/ahardenedthief
experiencedadj.富有经验的(侧重于有经验的)
--anexperiencedteacher
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professionaladj.职业的,专业的
--aprofessionalplayer一个职业的选手
smugglern.走私者
officiousadj.爱管闲事的/Officiousness(n.)
--Alotofoldladiesareofficious.
Officiousadj.多管闲事的,非官方的,非正式的,专横的
--civil(adj.全民的,市民的,公民的,国民的)
--rvant(n.仆人)
--civilrvantn.文职人员,公务员,公仆,(联合国等机构的行政人员)
--officiouscivilrvant爱管闲事的的公务员
--anofficiouspoliceofficer专横的的警官
Officiously(adv.多管闲事的,非正式的,非官方的)
officialadj.官方的,官员的,正式的
--Anofficialinquirywillbemadeintothismatter.(inquiryn.质询,调查)
此事将进行一次官方调查。
Confidentlyadv.自信地(=withconfidence充满信心的)
--Hewenttodotheworkconfidently.
Confident(adj.自信的,确信的)
Confidence(n.信心)
--haveconfidence有信心/gainconfidence获得信心
inconfidence(悄悄的,秘密的)=cretly
takesbintoone'sconfidence以某人为心腹
--Thebosstakeshiscretaryintohisconfidence.
dreadfuladj.可怕的,一团糟的(=frightfuladj.糟糕的,讨厌的)
dreadful(侧重于可怕的,乱七八糟的)
--Theroomisdreadful/afrightfulday
fearful(表示胆怯的,恐惧的)
--shefeltfearfulparticularlywhenshewentoutatnight.(adv.独特地,显著地)
pouncev.猛抓,扑住
perfumen.香水(人造的)
fragrance(抽象名词)n.芬芳,芳香,香气,香味
sarcasticallyadv.讽刺地
exemptadj.被免除的
dutyn.税
--CustomsDuty关税/dutyfree免税的
--StampDuty印花税(stampn.邮票,印花,图章,标志)
同义词:taxn.税,税款,税金
--incometax所得税
geln.凝胶
mixturen.混合物
mix(v.使混和,混淆,混合)--mixsthWith
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--Oildoesnotmixwithwater.油不能和水融合在一起
unscrewv.拧开
nostriln.鼻孔
chalkn.粉笔
baggagen.行李
同义词:luggage(n.行李,皮箱)
troublevt.(使)烦恼,麻烦,打扰
.(hid,hidden,hiding)隐藏
ehint.(表示惊奇、疑问等)啊,嗯
particular(adj.特殊的,特别的,独特的)
particularly(adv.异常地,显著地,特别地,格外,尤其)
importn.进口,进口货(常用复数),输入
encouraging(adj.鼓励的)encouragingly(adv.鼓励的)
greetvt.问候,向...致意,映入眼帘
convincevt.使确信,使信服
Text课文
WhatwastheCustomsOfficerlookingfor?
CustomsOfficersarequitetolerantthedays,buttheycanstillstopyouwhenyouare
goingthroughtheGreenChannelandhavenothingtodeclare.
theGreenChannel=theCustomOffice
我们在运用形容词、动词时,往往需要用副词来强调。
Really(表示“真正的”)
--areallyofficiousperson
particularly(强调“特别,尤其是”)
absolutely(强调“绝对的”)
completely=entirely=fully=thoroughly(强调“完全的,彻底的”)
extremely(强调“特别,特别是”)
fairlyadv.相当地,还算(语气一般)
--afairlygookbook.一本还算可以的书。
very(语气程度强烈“非常”)
--averygoodbook.一本非常好的书。
rather语意程度接近fairly,注意不冠词的位置。
--afairlygoodbook.
--arathergoodbook=ratheragoodbook(更常用)
quiteright/quitwrong/quitemistaken/quitesure
evenreallyhonestpeople...
aparticularlyofficiousyoungCustomsofficer...
Evenreallyhonestpeopleareoftenmadetofeelguilty.
aremadetofeelguilty
make,have,let及感官性动词e,hear,notice,feel用于主动语态,符合宾语不定式的符号
to
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应省略。但这种结构改成被动式时,不定式符号to必须还原。
--Weheardsomeonecomeupthestairs.
--Someonewasheardtocomeupthestairs.
Thehardenedprofessionalsmuggler,ontheotherhand,isnevertroubledbysuchfeelings,
evenifhehasfivehundredgoldwatcheshiddeninhissuitca.
evenifhehasfivehundredgoldwatcheshiddeninhissuitca.
=Evenif/thoughhehasfivehundredgoldenwatchesthatarehiddeninhissuitca.
hiddeninhissuitca(过去分词短语作定语,修饰watches)
Ontheonehand...,ontheotherhand…。
--Ontheonehandwecouldstayandhelpyou,butontheotherhanditmightbebetterifyou
wenttohelphiminstead.
WhenIreturnedformabroadrecently,aparticularlyofficiousyoungCustomsOfficer
clearlyregardedmeasasmuggler.
'Haveyouanythingtodeclare?'heasked,lookingmeintheeye.
lookingmeintheeye两眼直盯盯的注视着我
=looksbintheface=staresbintheeyes=lookdirectlyatsb
--Notoneofthemendaredlookhimintheeye.没有人敢正眼看他。
'No',Iansweredconfidently.
'Wouldyoumindunlockingthissuitcaplea?''Notatall,'Ianswered.
Wouldyoumindunlockingthissuitca,plea?
注意:mind后面的动名词形式
TheOfficerwentthroughthecawithgreatcare.
TheOfficerwentthroughthecawithgreatcare.
=TheOfficerexaminedthecacarefully
withgreatcare强调相当的仔细
AllthethingIhadpackedsocarefullyweresooninadreadfulmess.
inamess乱作一团
介词in和名词搭配,表示一种状态
--ingoodorder秩序井然/--ingoodhealth身体健康
--inagoodmood心情好/--inagoodtemper脾气好
IfeltsureIwouldneverbeabletoclothecaagain.
Suddenly,IsawtheOfficer'sfacelightup.
lightup喜气洋洋,容光焕发
--Marsha’sfacelitupwhenshesawheroldfriend.
--Hisfacelightedupatthesmalltriumph.(n.胜利,成功)
--Tomreallylightedupwhenhesawthenewbicycle.
Light的过去式与过去分词即可以是lit,也可以是lighted.
--但是如果运用过去分词作定语,表示被点燃的,要用lighted。
--alightedcigar一支被点燃的雪茄
--alightedstick点燃的火炬
Hehadspottedatinybottleatthebottomofmycaandhepouncedonitwithdelight.
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withdelight欣喜若狂地(with和抽象名词搭配,表示内心充满了一种感情)
--withconfidence自信地/--withcare细心地
--withpride骄傲地/--withdelight欣喜若狂地
pounceon向...猛扑过去,对...大做文章
--Thepolicemanpouncedonthethief.警察向小偷猛扑过去。
--Don'tpounceonmymistake.不要对我的错误大做文章。
'Perfume,eh?'heaskedsarcastically.'eisnotexempt
fromimportduty.'
shouldhave和过去分词搭配(表示本应该做某事却没有做,具有谴责性的味道)
--Youshouldhavearrivedherefiveminutearlier.
--Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutit.
shouldn'thavedone本不应该做某事
exemptv.免除adj.被免除的(beexemptfrom)
--eisnotexemptfromimportdutyeither.
'Butitisn'tperfume,'Isaid.'It'shairgel.'ThenIaddedwithasmile,'It'sastrangemixture
Imakemylf.'
AsIexpected,hedidnotbelieveme.
As:关系代词(引导非限制性定语从句,它所指代的内容就是主句的整个句子的含义)
--Asweknow,theearthisround.众所周知,地球是圆的。
--AsImentioned正如我所提及的
--AsIsoonlearned,hewasEnglishhimlf.正如我很快得知的,他也是英国人。
关系代词as和which的区别:
as所引导的非限制性定语从句,可用在主句之前。
which引导的非限制性定语从句,只能用在主句之后。
'Tryit!'Isaidencouragingly.
Encouragingly副词形式
Theofficerunscrewedthecapandputthebottletohisnostrils.
HewasgreetedbyanunpleasantsmellwhichconvincedhimthatIwastellingthetruth.
Greet
1>vt.问候,向...致意
2>vt.觉察到,呈现在...眼前,在_______...耳边
--Iwokeupandwasgreetedbyabird'ssong.当我醒来时,耳边是鸟鸣声。
--Insidetheroomadreadfulmessgreetedus.当我进入房间,眼前是一堆乱七八糟的东西。
--Whenhewentintothekitchen,asmellgreetedhim.
Afewminuteslater,Iwasabletohurryawaywithpreciouschalkmarksonmybaggage.
Preciousadj.宝贵的,贵重的
Specialdifficulties难点
Canadan.加拿大
Canadianadj.加拿大的n.加拿大人
Expectationn.期待,预料
Francen.法国,法兰西
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Frenchn.法国人,法语adj.法国的,法国人的,法语的
Germanyn.德国
Germann.德国人,德语adj.德国的,德国人的,德语的
Danishn.丹麦语adj.丹麦的
Denmarkn.丹麦(北欧国家,首都哥本哈根)
Copenhagenn.哥本哈根
Tivolin.提沃利(意大利中部一城市)
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
tial(adj.潜在的,可能的)
提问名词回答idea(n.想法,念头)
le(n.走私,偷带v.走私)
imintheeyes/face=lookdirectlyathim
youkindlydosthplea?(一种有礼貌的请求)
d=gfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.
-going(adj.好相处的,随和的)
tolerable(adj.可容忍的能忍耐的)placid(adj.平静的)negligent(adj.疏忽的,粗心大意的)
10Afeelashamedof…为…感到羞愧unashamed(adj.不害羞的,不知耻的)
guiltless(adj.无罪的,无辜的)
11.D
incomprehensible(=unabletobeunderstood)adj.不能理解的
technical(adj.专业性的,技术的,技术上的)
--Thearticleisfullofincomprehensibletechnicalexpressions.
Incredible(=unbelievable)adj.难以置信的,不可思议的
--ulous(adj.怀疑的,不轻信的)
--cal(unwillingtobelieve)adj.好怀疑的,怀疑的
e(n.行李,<军队的>行装)=luggage(n.行李,皮箱)
cament(n.门式窗)
equipment(n.装备,设备,器材,装置)
Lesson12Lifeonadertisland
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
dertisland荒岛
dertn.沙漠vt.背弃,遗弃
desrtn.甜点
unrealisticadj.不真实
paradin.天堂,乐士
--AlotofpeopleimaginetheUSAastheirparadi.
Heavenn.天堂,天国(也指死亡--gotoheaven)
wretchedadj.可怜的,艰苦的
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=mirableadj.痛苦的,悲惨的,可怜
--leadawretched/mirable/terrible/dog’slife.过着悲惨的生活。
starvev.挨饿(--starvetodeath饿死)
--Duringthewar,alargeofpeoplestarvedtodeath.
--hungrytodeath我饿得要死(即:我非常饿)
elementn.成分
opportunityn.机会
goldenopportunity绝好的机会
--Don’tmissanygoldenopportunities.
--opportunityknocksonlyonce千载难逢的机会
chance表机会时可以与opportunity互换(后面+ofdoing,或todo)
--IhadthechanceofvisitingParis.=IhadtheopportunityofvisitingParis.
--Hehadnoopportunitytoeher.
chance表可能性时(=possibility),则不可opportunity互换。
--ThereisachancethatIwillehim.我有可能见到她。
--Thechancesarethathewillbeelectedthepresident.他有可能当选总统。
--Thechancesarethathewillpasshixaminationnextweek.
coraln.珊瑚
VirginIslands维尔京群岛
Miamin.迈阿密(美国最南的城市)
Dinghyn.救生筏,小船
Caribbeann.加勒比海
speargun捕鱼枪
lobstern.龙虾
第60页
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新概念英语(第二版第三册)学习笔记
tankern.油轮
genuinelyadv.由衷地
--Heisgenuinelythankfultome.他由衷地地感谢我。
Genuineadj.真实的,真正的,诚恳的
Genuineness(n.)
RobinsonCrusoe鲁滨孙.克鲁索(小说《鲁滨孙漂流记》主人公)
Exceptionaladj.例外的,异常的
Ripeadj.熟的,成熟的
Fruitn.水果,果实,果类,成果
Oppositeadj.相对的,相反的,对等的n.相反的事物
Sinkvi.沉下,(使)下沉
Provevt.证明,证实
Spearn.矛,枪
新概念英语(第二版第三册)学习笔记
60
Text课文
Whatwaxceptionalaboutthetwomen'sstayonthedertisland?
Mostofushaveformedanunrealisticpictureoflifeonadertisland.
formanunrealisticpictureofsth对…抱有不切实际的幻想
--Alargenumberofpeoplehaveformedanunrealisticpictureofthejob.
Form(v.形成,构成)=develop(vt.逐渐形成)
--developahabit=formahabit养成一种习惯
Wesometimesimagineadertislandtobeasortofparadiwherethesunalwaysshines.
imaginesthtobe=imaginesthas
--Somepeopleimagineflyingtobemoredangerousthantravelingbytrain.
--AlargenumberpeopleimaginetheUSAastheirparadi.
uitfallsfromthetreesandyouneverhavetowork.
Youneverhavetowork=youneedn’twork=youdon’tneedtowork
adertislandiswretched.
quitetheopposite恰恰相反/quitedifferent
YoueitherstarvetodeathorlivelikeRobinsonCrusoe,Waitingforaboatwhichnever
comes.
EitheryouorIamgoingtotheparty.(谓语动词和最接近的主语保持一致)
Eithercomeinorgoout,don’tstandonthedoorway.(门口,门道)
Perhapsthereisanelementoftruthinboththepictures,butfewushavehadthe
opportunitytofindout.
anelementoftruth=abitoftruth
Optimistic(adj.乐观的)Pessimistic(adj.悲观的,消极的)
Twomenwhorecentlyspentfivedaysonacoralislandwishedtheyhadstayedtherelonger.
谓语动词wish之后的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气
1>如果表达与现在情况相反,that从句中的动词要用过去时(be动词要用were)。
--Iwishyoucoulddriveacar.=Iamsorryyoucan’tdriveacar.
所表达的意思是:你要是能开车就好了。(表达一种遗憾的心情)
2>如果表达与过去情况相反,that从句中的动词要用过去完成时。
--IwishIhadn'tspentsomuchmoney.=IamsorryIspendsomuchmoney.
--Iwishthatyouhadwrittentohim.=Iamsorryyoudidn’twritetohim.
3>如果表达与将来事实相反的情况或将来不可能实现的心愿,that从句中要使用would,
could等情态动词的过去时形式。
--IwishthatIcouldgoabroadtomorrow.
--Iwishthatyoucouldcomeheretomorrow.
4>ifonly要比wish更富有戏剧性和感情色彩
--Ifonlytheweatherwouldchange.=Iwishtheweatherwouldchange.
要是天气转晴该有多好啊!
--Wewishthatweknewwheretolookforhim.=Ifonlyweknewwheretolookforhim.
要是我们知道到哪去找他该有多好啊!
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--Ifonlywecouldhavegonetotheparty.要是我们昨天能参加那个聚会该有多好啊!
--Ifonlyyouhadn'tsaidthat.你要是不说那句话多好啊!
--Ifonlyyouwouldcomeheretomorrow.你明天要是能来该有多好啊!
TheyweretakingabadlydamagedboatfromtheVirginIslandstoMiamitohaveit
repaired
Duringthejourney,theirboatbegantosink.
haveitrepaired(havesthdone)
Theyquicklyloadedasmallrubberdinghywithfood,matches,andcansofbeerandrowed
forafewmilesacrosstheCaribbeanuntiltheyarrivedatatinycoralisland.
load…withsth把某物装载到…上
--Theworkersareloadingthetruckwithgoods.
Unload(vi.卸货,退子弹vt.倾销,卸)
Therewerehardlyanytreesontheislandandtherewasnowater,butthisdidnotproveto
beaproblem.
hardlyany=verylittle/few(hardlyadv.刚刚,几乎不)
--Hardlyanybodylikeshimbecauheissorude.几乎没人喜欢他,因为他非常粗鲁。
--Youhardlyeatanything,what'swrong?你几乎什么都没吃,怎么了?
provetobe=turnouttobe
Themencollectedrainwaterintherubberdinghy.
Astheyhadbroughtaspeargunwiththem,theyhadplentytoeat.
Theycaughtlobsterandfisheveryday,and,asoneofthemputit'atelikekings'.
Put=express
Whenapassingtankerrescuedthemfivedayslater,bothmenweregenuinelysorrythat
theyhadtoleave.
Bothmenweregenuinelysorrythattheyhadtoleave.
=Ifonlywecouldhavestayedonthedertislandalittlebitlonger.
Specialdifficulties难点
wish,ifonly
1>hadboughtit(显然说明的是过去的情况)
--sillyadj.愚蠢的,无聊的
2>couldn't/wouldn'tmakesuchnoi.
3>werehere(强调:他在这儿,该有多好)
说明与现在情况相反的概念,无论什么人称,be动词应该使用were.
4>couldplaythepianoaswell...
5>hadstudiedhardthen.
6>hadn'tmentionedittohim.
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
1...C要么是过度乐观,要么是过度的悲观
unrealadj.不真实的,虚幻的prentvt.介绍,赠送,呈现
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wretchednessn.可怜,悲惨idlenessn.闲散,懒惰,赋闲无事
undulyadv.不适当地,过度地,不正当地
optimisticadj.乐观的pessimisticadj.悲观的,厌世的
2...Desntial(adj.必需的,基本的)=verynecessaryequipmentn.装备,设备
3...Afendforonelf独立的照料某人
4...Bthinkofsb/sthas…把某人、某事看作为...
5...Dfewofus我们当中没有几个人
6...Cafter(介词)其后要和名词、动名词搭配
--after(连词)引导时间状语从句,表示动作在前。(A答案变为theyhadrowed就对了)
7...BRefrigeratorsareuful.=Arefrigeratorisuful.
Scarceadj.缺乏的,不足的,稀有的,不充足的
8...C为做过的事情后悔:regret+doingbesorrythat是否可以表示后悔去做某事?
9...B
inhabited(adj.有人居住的)uninhabited(adj.无人居住的)
unpopularadj.不流行的,不受欢迎的
barrenadj.不生育的,不孕的,贫瘠的n.荒地
10...D完全不同的entirelydifferent
naturallyadv.自然地,天然地
11...D
觉得、发现某人或某事怎么样:findsb/sthtobe
--Theyfoundthetriptobeveryexciting.某人或某事被发现怎么样,常用被动语态。
--Thecarisfoundtobebeautiful.
Demonstratev.论证,表明,举行,示威
12...Aputit=express
Lesson13"It'sonlyme'“是我,别害怕”
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
Costumen.化装服
--costumeball化妆舞会/costumeparty
--fancy(dress)party化妆舞会
suit(n.西装,西服)dress(n.裙子)
consistv.由…组成
1>consistof...由...组成(表示被动概念)
2>bemadeupof…由...组成
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3>compriv.包含,由...组成(整体由部分所构成)
--Ourclassconsistsof100students.
=Ourclassismadeupofmorethan100students.
--rthernIreland.
=rthernIreland.
--Thehouconsistsofsixrooms.
4>becompodof…由...组成(强调有什么成分所组成)
--Wateriscompodofoxygenandhydrogen.(compov.组成,写作)
--oxygen(n.氧,氧气)hydrogen(n.氢)
5>constitutevt.组成,构成(部分构成整体)
--rthernIrelandconstituteTheUnitedKingdom.(Irelandn.爱尔兰)
--Thecommitteeconsistsof10members.(committeen.委员会)
=Tenmembersconstitutethecommittee.
Sheetn.被单
Effectiveadj.有明显效果的,有作用的
--Thecostumeisquiteeffective.
--Hiswordswaffective.
Influentialadj.有影响的,有势力的(有潜移默化影响力的)
--Whatourparentsdoisinfluentialtochildren.
Efficaciousadj.(医药)有效的,灵验的
--Thedrugifficacious
Fruitfuladj.有成效的,产生结果的
--Theirexperimentisfruitful.
Comfortableadj.舒适的(反义词:uncomfortable)
Comfort(n.舒适v.安慰)
Discomfort(n.不舒适vt.使不舒适,使不便)
--Inspiteofdiscomfortsheisdeterminedtostayhere.
Storeroomn.储藏室
Electricityn.电
Metren.电表(ammetern.电表)
Pacen.一步
Fleev.(fled,fled)逃走
.(总称)泛泛强调逃离危险的禁地
Panic(n.惊慌,恐慌)bull(n.公牛)
--Thepeoplefledinpanicwhenthebullgotloo.当牛挣脱绳子时人们惊慌的四散而逃。
Escape(vi.逃出监狱,逃出牢笼vt.逃掉,逃出)
--Hewasabletoescapefromthehou.
--Iamsorryyournameescapedme.很抱歉,我忘记你的名字了。
--Theytriedtoescapedeath.
Slamv.砰地关上(同义词:bangv.发巨响,重击)
--slamthedoor砰地关上门
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--Helefttheroomslam/bangthedoorbehindhim.他离开了房间在身后砰地把门关上。
Stairn.楼梯,阶梯
Fancyn.幻想,爱好,迷恋,想象力adj.奇特的,异样的
Dinevi.吃饭,进餐Diningn.吃饭,进餐
Bakern.面包师
.(hid,hidden,hiding)隐藏
Halln.走廊,门厅
Boardn.(政府机关或商业)部门
Text课文
Whatdidthemanexpecttofindunderthestairs?
Afterherhusbandhadgonetowork,dsntherchildrentoschoolandwent
upstairstoherbedroom.
Shewastooexcitedtodoanyhouworkthatmorning,forintheeveningshewouldbegoing
toafancy-dresspartwithherhusband.
fancy-dressparty=costumeparty
1>too...to…太...而不能…(不定式to在大部分情况下表示否定概念)
2>not/nevertoo...to…并不太...所以能够…
--Oneisnevertoooldtolearn活到老,学到老。
--Thequestionisnottoodifficultformetoanswer.这个问题并不太难,所以我能够答得出。
3>如果在副词too前发现修饰语all,but,only,不定式to的概念也是肯定的。
--Theyarealltoosatisfiedtoworkwithyou.
--Iamonlytoogladtohavesomeonetospeakto.我太高兴了,想找个人说话。
--Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.
Sheintendedtodressupasaghostandasshehadmadehercostumethenightbefore,she
wasimpatienttotryiton.
intendedto打算做什么=meantodo意图做什么
dressupas…化妆成为…
thenightbefore前一个晚上(以过去的某一个时间为基准点)
lastnight昨天晚上(以现在为基准点)
--ShewenttoNewYorkonbusinessthreedaysago,thenightbeforeshegoteverythingready.
beimpatienttodosth急于要做某事,迫不及待做某事
impatient可以换为eager,anxious,hungry,thirsty,desperate,can'twait(口语)
desperate(adj.不顾一切的,拚死的)
--shewasimpatienttotryiton.(tryon试穿)
Thoughthecostumeconsistedonlyofasheet,itwasveryeffective.
Afterputtingiton,dswentdownstairs.
Afterputtingiton穿上以后
Shewantedtofindoutwhetheritwouldbecomfortabletowear.
=Itwouldbecomfortable(forher)towear
动词不定式towear,用来修饰说明comfortable,作它的状语。
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--Itiasyformetoread.
--Thebookisdifficulttoread.
--Thedressiasytowash.
--Yourhandwritingiasytorecognize.
主动形式表达被动概念:
1>Themusicissweettohear.
2>Themachineneedsrepairing.(用need,want和动名词形式直接搭配)
3>Thedictionaryisworthbuying.
--Thebookisworthreading.
4>Thehouisunderconstruction.(介词under表达被动的意味)
--Thepumaisundercontrol.
--Theproblemisunderdiscussion.(n.讨论)
--Thethiefisunderarrest.(n.逮捕,拘留)
5>Theairportcameintouagain.(cameinto不及物动词短语)
--Ourtimehasalreadygonetowaste.(gotowaste浪费掉,付诸东流)
6>able形容词后缀,跟在动词后表达"能够被...的"
--Sheisarespectableperson.(respectableadj.可敬的,值得被尊敬的)
--Thisisareturnablebottle.这是一个能被退回的瓶子。(returnableadj.可被退回的)
7>consistof,compri本身表达被动概念,结构形式为主动
dswanteringthedinningroom,therewasaknockonthefrontdoor.
Sheknewthatitmustbethebaker.
Shehadtoldhimtocomestraightinifevershefailedtoopenthedoorandtoleavethe
breadonthekitchentable.
straightadv.直接地,径直地
ifeven(ever用于条件句。表示任何时候,任何场合)=whenever
--IfeveryoueGeorgegivehimmybestregards.(n.问候)
--WheneverheisintroubleI'llbeonthespot.
Notwantingtofrightenthepoorman,dsquicklyhidinthesmallstoreroom
underthestairs.
Notwanting(分词的否定结构形式,做原因状语。)
多用于句首,也可插入句中,主谓之间。
Notwantingtomakehernervous,thedoctordidn'tfullyexplaintheriousnessofcondition.
=Thedoctor,notwantingtomakehernervous,didn'tfullyexplaintheriousnessofher
condition.
lythedoorofthe
storeroomwasopenedandamanentered.
dsrealizedthatitmustbethemanfromtheElectricityBoardwhohadcometo
readthemetre.
readthemetre查电表
Shetriedtoexplainthesituation,saying'It'sonlyme',butitwastoolate.
saying(现在分词做伴随状语)
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Themanletoutcryandjumpedbackveralpaces.
letoutacry大叫了一声(=utteracry/giveacry)
uttervt.发出,做声,发表,发射
jumpbackveralpaces后退了好几步
dswalkedtowardshim,hefled,slammingthedoorbehindhim.
Slamming(现在分词作方式状语或伴随状语,说明fled的情况)
Specialdifficulties难点
形容词+动词不定式:
--Hewasdelightedtolearnthat...
--Iwasgladtohearthat...
--Hewasanxioustoleave...
1>感情形容词后的不定式通常是表示原因,在句中做原因状语。
happy,relieved,astonished,amazed,surprid,horrified,disappointed,sad,embarrasd,shocked
relieved(adj.放心的)horrified(adj.惊骇的)
--rightenedtoethesnake.
--IwassorrywhenIlearntthathehadhadaaccident.
Iwassorrytolearnthathehadhadaaccident.
2>不定式也可以放在表语之后,主语是不定式的实际宾语。
--Thecarishardtopark.
--d(adj.尴尬的,不方便的)
3>在少数几个动词后,不定式可用作结果。
learn,find,e,hear,betold
--Helivedtoehisinventionscometosuccess.他活着看见他的发明成功了。
--Hewokeuptofindeveryonegone.他醒来发现大家都走了。
--Hewenttohishouonlytofindhimout.
4>在不定式前加only,表示意想不到的,出乎意料的结果。
--Hehurriedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasshut(clod)
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
ntedtoknowwhetherthatcostumewascomfortabletowear.
bin使某人信以为真,让某人上当disguin.伪装v.假装,伪装,掩饰
3.C4...Cand前后连接时态要呼应,表示并列关系。
5...Bhow修饰限定形容词Atthatmoment,shehadn'tputonthecostume.
6...Banxious形容词短语做原因状语
动词不定式的否定形式是在动词不定式符号之前直接加否定词not,never
7...B强调过去的一个动作
8...Cesbdosth看见某人做某事(做宾语补足语时,不定式符号to被省略)
9...Aattheverymoment就在此刻aslongas/solongas用来引导条件句,表示只要
--Youcangooutaslongasyoupromitobebackbefore11o'clock.
Onlywhen...只有当…(引导时间状语从句)
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10...D
miss+动名词:表示错过做什么事情
--Idon'twanttomisseingthatfilmontelevisiontonight.
forgottodosth表示忘记去做某事
--Yesterday,Iforgottolockthedoor.
succeedindoingsth表示成功做了某事if…happento...表示某事偶然发生
brownn.褐_______色adj.褐色的,棕色的loafn.一条面包brownloaf黑面包
--Ifyouhappentopassthebaker's,pickmeupabrownloaf,wouldyou?
--Ifyouhappentofinishtheworkearlygivemearing.
11...A
reading表示仪表或者仪器上的指数、读数
--Whatarethetemperaturereadingsfortheweek?
--takeametre-reading读电表上的数字
measurement测量尺寸、大小调节稳定
--What'syourwaistmeasurement?你的腰围是多少?
Regulationn.调节(regulationofbodyheat体温调节)
Heatn.热,热度
12...B
letout发出(=give)shoutvt.高呼,高喊(有喊叫的对象)
--shouttosb对某人高声喊
--shoutatsb对某人大喊大叫
--Don'tshoutattheelders.
Lesson14Anoblegangster贵族歹徒
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
Gangstern.歹徒,强盗
--abandofgangsters一伙强盗
robbern.抢劫犯,抢劫者
banditn.强盗,土匪
brigandn.强盗,土匪,盗贼,草寇(书面用语)
hooligann.流氓,不良分子
hoodlumn.罪犯,恶汉(口语)
rascaln.淘气,捣蛋鬼(口语)
handn.帮,团伙
--abandofrobbers一伙强盗
mobn.一群(表示贬义色彩的团伙、帮派)
--amobofhooligans一伙流氓
gangn.一伙(--agangofthieves)
nestn.窝(--anestofbandits)
packn.团伙、帮派(--apackofhoodlums)
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Chicagon.芝加哥(美国城市)
Protectionn.保护(--protectionmoney保护费)
protectvt.保护(protect…from…)
--Wemustprotectoureyesfromthesunshine.
Protector(n.保护者)Protective(adj.保护的)
Protegen.被保护者
Promptlyadv.准时地
--Igivehimaringandhecallmebackpromptly.
--Hewassosleepythathewenttosleeppromptly.
ontime准时/intime及时
punctual(adj.严守时刻的,准时的)punctuallyadv.守时地
destroyv.毁掉;消灭
destroyn.强调毁灭,消灭,完全的摧毁
--Theearthquakedestroyedthecity./Youdestroyedhisdream.
Damagen.v.强调受损程度不很严重,可以被修复
--Thebigclockwasdamaged.
Breakv.n.强调弄坏,弄断
--Twoofthestringswerebroken.
spoilv.强调把事情搅和了
--spoiltheparty/spoiltheholiday
remarkableadj.不寻常的(同意词:unusual,uncommon,extraordinary)
--aremarkableevent,anextraordinaryevent不同寻常的事件
outstanding(adj.突出的,杰出的,卓越的)
--Ourheadmasterisanoutstandingyouth.(n.年轻人,青少年)
Distinguished(adj.杰出的,卓越的,不同非凡的)
Eminent(adj.显赫的,杰出的,有名的,优良的)
Distinguished和eminent是同义词(都是用来修饰严肃领域的人)
--adistinguishedphysicist(n.物理学家),aneminentsurgeon(n.外科医生)
--aneminentjudge(n.法官),adistinguishedlawyer(n.律师)
well-knownadj.众所周知的(强调众所周知的)
--Sheiswell-knowninthemusicalworld./Thisiswell-knownfact.
famousadj.著名的(因卓越的贡献和成绩而流芳百世的)
--Heisafamousmoviestar./Luxunisfamousforhisarticles.
Notoriousadj.臭明昭著的,臭名远扬的(=befamousforbadthings)
--Hitlerisnotorious.(Hitlern.希特勒)
infamousadj.身名狼藉的(=Notorious)
renownedadj.某人或某事以其独特的品质、个性而闻名
--Hangzhouisrenownedforitsbeautifulscenery.(n.风景,景色)
Florencen.佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)
city-staten.(古代)城邦
hirev.租出,雇给
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hireout出租
--Doesthisfirmhireoutcars?
Rentv.租,租借,出租n.租金
rentout租给,雇给(主要强调出租房屋)
--Herentouthishoutoatourist.
Let出租(lethishou出租房屋)
--Plealetyourhoutome.请把房屋租给我吧?
hirefrom,rentfrom租进来
--Hehiredacarfromus./n.
hire指短期雇佣体力劳动者
--Hehiredtwohelpers
employ指长期雇佣或聘用脑力劳动者
--Weemployedherasouradvisor.(n.顾问)
--Thefactoryemployed500workers.
Princen.君主,诸候n.王子
Florentinen.佛罗伦萨人
Funeraln.葬礼
Dedicatev.奉献,题献给(dedicateto)
dedicatesthtosb
--Hededicatedhisfirstbooktohismother
dedicate献身,奉献(比devote更为正式而庄重)
dedicate…tosth
--Idevotemytimetohelpingmystudents.
--Hededicateshislifetohismotherland.
--Hededicatedhislifetoscience.
Memoryn.纪念
Memoryn.记忆,记忆力,存储器,内存
--Youhaveagoodmemory.
--Ifmymemoryrvesmewell,you'reTom.如果我没有记错的话。
inmemoryof…=tothememoryof…为了纪念…
--inmemoryofhim=tothememoryofhim为了纪念他
insb’shonor=inhonorofsb为纪念某人,为庆祝某人
--weheldapartyinhishonor.=weheldapartyinhonorofhim.
Valiantadj.英勇的(强调非常勇敢)
--Duringwar,soldiersarevaliant.
Braveadj.勇敢的
--Theboyisbrave.
Fearlessadj.大无畏的,无所畏惧的
--Wearefearlessintimeofdanger.
courageousadj.有胆量的,有勇气的
nobleadj.高尚的,贵族的,高贵的n.贵族
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obtainvt.获得,得到
crimen.犯罪,犯罪行为,罪行
ttlevt.安放,使定居vi.安家,定居
demandv.要求,需要n.要求,需求(量),需要
marchvi.进军,前进
Italiann.意大利人,意大利语adj.意大利的,意大利语的,意大利文化的
Offervt.,vi.提供,提出
Notableadj.著名的,显著的,值得注意的
Signorn.阁下,君
Text课文
HowdidHaywoodmakeintimesofpeace?
TherewasatinewhentheownersofshopsandbusinessinChicagothattopaylargesums
ofmoneytogangstersinreturnfor'protection.'
paylargesumsofmoneytosb向某人付大笔大笔的费用
inreturnfor…目的是为了换取…,作为对…的回报
--Hegavemesomebooksinreturnformyhelp.
when引导状语从句修饰time
--Therewasatimewhenminiskirtwasinfashion.(Minin.迷你型,袖珍型)
Ifthemoneywasnotpaidpromptly,thegangsterswouldquicklyputamanoutofbusiness
bydestroyinghisshop.
Promptly=immediately
putamanoutofbusiness使某人失业
putsb/sthoutof...使某人失去…
--Youareputtingmeoutofpatience.你使我失去耐心了。
--Youhavealreadyputeverythingoutoforder.
--Putitoutofyourmind.忘记这件事情吧。
bydestroyinghisshop通过…手段
--Youareputtingmeoutofpatiencebydisturbingme.
Obtaining'protectionmoney'isnotamoderncrime.
Obtaining=getting
Aslongagoasthefourteenthcentury,anEnglishman,SirJohnHawkwood,madethe
remarkablediscoverythatpeoplewouldratherpaylargesumsofmoneythanhavetheirlife
workdestroyedbygangsters.
aslongagoas追溯回到(=datingbackto=datefrom)
--IknewJaneaslongagoastheyear1980.
maketheremarkablediscovery做出不同寻常的发现
wouldratherdo...thando...宁愿…而不…
--Hewouldratherdiethansurrender.(vi.投降,自首)
--Iwouldratherplaytennisthanswim.
wouldprefertodo...thando...
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wouldpreferdoing...todoing...
--Hewouldprefertodiethansurrender.
--Hewouldpreferdyingtosurrendering.
wouldrather(sooner)+that宾语从句(过去式)--虚拟语气
--Iwouldratherthatyouwerenothere.我宁愿你不在这。(暗含:实际你在这)
--IwouldratherthatIdidn'teyou.
--Hewouldratherthathedidn'thearthenews.
lifework毕生的事业/havesthdone
Sixhundredyearsago,SirJohanHawkwoodarrivedinItalywithabandofsoldiersand
ttlednearFlorence.
ttlednearFlorence定居在Florence附近
HesoonmadeanameforhimlfandcametobeknowntotheItaliansasGiovanniAcuto.
madeanameforhimlf=becomefamous
--Theysoonmadequiteanameforthemlvesaspopsingers.
cometo=getto渐渐的
cometobeknown渐渐被人所熟知
--Icometobeknowntomystudents.
--Igottoknowhim.
WhenevertheItaliancity-stateswereatwarwitheachother,Hawkwoodudtohirehis
soldierstoprinceswhowerewillingtopaythehighpricehedemanded.
Whenever无论什么时候
atwar交战/atwarwith…于…交战
hire表示出租
who指代prince
hedemanded=Hawkwooddemanded
Intimesofpeace,whenbusinesswasbad,Hawkwoodandhismenwouldmarchintoa
city-stateand,afterburningdownafewfarms,wouldoffertogoawayifprotectionmoney
waspaidtothem.
intimeofpeace在和平期间
marchinto大踏步行军
burndown烧毁/burnup烧光/burnout烧空
--Thehouwasburnedoutonlywallsleft.房子被了只剩下墙壁。
wouldoffertogoaway=wouldpromitogoaway
eofthis,theItaliansregarded
himasasortofhero.
inspiteofthis尽管如此
Peopleindifferentcountrieshavedifferentopinions.
TheItaliansregardedhimasasortofhero.
Whenhediedattheageofeighty,theFlorentinesgavehimastatefuneralandhada
picturedwhichwasdedicatedtothememoryof'themostvaliantsoldierandmostnotable
leader,SignorGiovanniHaukodue.'
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givesbastatefuneral给某人举行国葬
havesthdone
Signorn.先生(意大利语)
which指代picture
bededicatedtothememoryofsb
themostvaliant比较级的最高级形式
Specialdifficulties难点
wouldrather/wouldsooner
wouldratherdo…thando…
wouldratherthat…(that宾语从句中要出现动词的过去时)
1...go
2...left(rather省略了that)
3...didnotspeak
4...notspeak(wouldratherdo…的否定形式结构:wouldrathernotdo…宁_______愿不做...)
5...ttled
6...didn'ttell
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
1...B
premin.房产,房屋(及其附属建筑,地基等)
unharmedadj.未受伤害的,太太平平的
destructionn.破坏,毁灭
criminaln.罪犯,犯罪者adj.犯罪的,犯法的,罪恶的
2...B他获取自己的名字是依据自己的所作所为
practicen.实行,实践
sharpadj.苛刻的
recognitionn.承认,认可
3...Ainthat=becau"因为",表示一种原因
boldnessn.大胆,冒失,勇敢
braveryn.勇敢,大胆,无畏
cannothelp不得不,情不自禁
4...A段时间:foralongtime(现在完成式)
5...Cpreferdoing…todoing…
6...Bhiresthfromsb从某人租得某物
7...Aifnot(如果不)=unless
Provided…条件是...
8...C介词on和名词death相搭配(表示:去世的状态)
介词on和动名词搭配(表示:一...就...)
--Oneinghim,Iranaway.
9...Bpasd(动词的过去分词)
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departvi.离去,离开,出发
--Whendoesthenexttraindepart?下一次列车什么时候开?
10...D
preparedadj.心甘情愿的,准备好的(=willing)
--bewillingtodo=bepreparedtodo
agreeableadj.使人愉快的,惬意的,适合的,宜人的
desirableadj.值得要的,合意的,令人想要的(=attractiveadj.吸引人的)
Lesson15Fiftypenceworthoftrouble五十便士的麻烦
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
Appreciatev.欣赏,感激
--Thepoemistoodifficultformetoappreciate.
--Iappreciateyourhelp.=bethankful/gratefultosb.
--thankful=grateful(adj.感激的,感谢的)
pocketmoney零用钱
--beermoney留给丈夫的零花钱
--madmoney女子留作应急之用的私房钱
--greenmoney美金(美圆是绿色的)
--soft/foldingmoney纸币,钞票(foldingadj.可折叠的)
--hardmoney硬币(hardadj.硬的,坚固的)
thriftyadj.节约的
economicaladj.节约的,经济的
frugaladj.节俭的,朴素的
nephewn.侄子,外甥
bouncev.弹起,跳起
--Thecoinwasbounced.
同义词:jump(v.跳跃),leap(v.跃),hop(单足跳),
spring(v.弹跳n.弹簧),skip(v.跳跃,略过)
pavementn.人行道
stick(stuck,stuck)v.卡住,夹住,不能再动
--Hisarmwasstuck.他的胳膊被卡住了。
Stickv.坚持,粘贴
--Youmuststicktoyouridea.你必需要坚持你的看法。
--Stickthestampontheenvelop.
stickwith…忠实于...(=befaithfulto对...忠实)--faithfuladj.守信的,忠实的
Brigaden.旅,(消防)队
firebrigade(消防队)=firedepartment=firestation
grean.润滑油
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新概念英语(第二版第三册)学习笔记
unclen.伯父,叔父,姨丈
auntn.姑妈,伯母,舅妈,阿姨
extraadj.额外的
pricen.代价,价格,价钱
drainn.排水沟
rollvt,vi卷;滚动,转动,打滚
sleeven.袖子,衣袖
rubv.擦,摩擦
freevt.使自由,释放
uptadj.心烦意乱的,不适的,不舒服的vt,vi打翻,弄翻,推翻;使烦乱
rewardvt.酬谢,酬劳,报答n.报酬,奖金
Text课文
DidGeorgegetanythingforhisfiftypence?What?
Childrenalwaysappreciatesmallgiftsofmoney.
=Childrenalwaysappreciatepocketmoneyassmallgifts.孩子们总是喜欢得到些零花钱
--Husbandsalwaysappreciatesmallgiftsofbeermoney.
Mumordad,ofcour,providearegularsupplyofpocketmoney,butunclesandaunts
arealwaysasourceofextraincome.
providearegularsupplyof...定期地提供…
providesthforsb/providesbwithsth为某人提供某物
--Thevillagersprovidedaregularsupplyoffoodforthesoldiers.
=Thevillagersprovidedthesoldierswitharegularsupplyoffood
smallgiftsofmoney,pocketmoney,extraincome都表示零花钱。
作者在两段话里三处用了零花钱,是为了让读者能够抓住主题。
写作时要避免使用相同的词汇。
Withsomechildren,smallsumsgoalongway.
此句暗含:withotherchildren,smallsumscan’tgoalongway.
goalongway维持很久
--Themoneywehavewillgoalongway.
goalongwaytowards对...大有帮助
--Thiswillgoalongwaytowardsovercomingthedifficulty.(overcomevt.战胜,克服)
介词with和for的区别:
For(介词):关于,对于...来说,考虑到...的事实
--TheweatherisquitewarmforNovember.
--Forhim,thiswillbeanentirelynewhobby.
With(介词):在某一方面(多用于二者的比较)
--Withsomepeople,pleasureismoreimportantthanwork.
--Somepeoplemayacceptthatexcu,butitwon'tworkwithme.
Iffiftypencepiecesarenotexchangedforsweets,theyrattleformonthsinsidemoneyboxes.
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Pence便士(penny,pennies都是pence的复数:)
afiftypence一个五十便士的硬币
fiftypennies五十一便士的硬币
exchangefor换取,以...来交换
--Thelittleboyexchangedhispenforcandy.(candyn.糖果,冰糖)
rattlevt.(拟声词)叮当作响=tinkle(vi,vt(使)发玎玲声,(使)发出玎当声)
roar呼啸(重点突出老虎、狮子等大动物的吼叫声)
--Thecarroarbyme./Listen,alionisroaring.
shoutat大喊大叫=barkat
gruntvi.(猪等)作呼噜声vt.咕哝着说出
--Heisgrunting.(adj.咕咙的,哼哼唧唧的)
slamv.砰地关上,砰地放下
Onlyverythriftychildrenmanagetofillupamoneybox.
fillup装满
1>up:表示方向
upto(表示到达目的地)--Sheranuptohim.她跑到他面前。
Towards(表示朝某个方向)--Sherantowardshim.她向他跑去。
2>表示沿着,走向更远的地方(侧重强调距离更远了)
--Theywalkedupthestreet.他们沿着街道走远了。
--Theychildrenrunupthegardenpathtogreettheirfather.
3>系动词+up(表示消费、摧毁、彻底、光、用完)
--Drinkupyourwhisky./Eatupyourvegetable.
--Finishitup.完成它/burnup烧光/uup用光
4>表示积存,从少到多,积小成多
--Wemustlayupsomeboiledfoodforthewinter.
Layup贮存=storeup储藏,holdup,gatherup收集起
5>表示从河的下游到上游,河流入口处以上到源头的某一点
--TheyaresailinguptheThames.他们正沿着泰晤士河而上。
--Thehouisuptheriver.这个房子在河的上游。
6>动词+up(表示包起来、封住、盖住)
--buttonup扣上纽扣(--buttonyourcoatup把外衣的纽扣扣上)
--wrapup包裹起来(wrapuptheshoeswithnewspaper用报纸把鞋子包起来)
--lockup锁起来(lockthehouup用锁把房子锁起来)
--fastenup拴紧,钉牢,锁牢/saveup储蓄,贮存
--washup洗涤餐具,洗手洗脸,把…冲上岸/doup重新整修,包好
Formostofthem,fiftypenceisasmallpricetopayforanicebigbarofchocolate.
fiftypenceissmallpricetopay=fiftypenceisnotmuchtopay
asmallprice=notmuchmoney并不是很多
--Forhimtwothousanddollarsissmallpricetopayforit.
--FormefivehundredYuanisnotasmallpricetopayforabicycle.
Mynephew,George,hasamoneyboxbutitisalwaympty.
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VeryfewofthefiftypencepiecesandpoundcoinsIhavegivenhimhavefoundtheirway
there.
poundcoinn.1英镑硬币
findtheirwaythere=reach抵达,到达,找到自己的去处
findone’swayinto/to…
--Riversfindtheirwaytothea.
--Howdidsuchafoolishstatementfinditswayintoprint?这样愚蠢的话怎么会被印出来了?
--Allmybookshavealreadyfoundtheirwaythere.
Igavehimfiftypenceyesterdayandadvidhimtosaveit.
advisbtodosth说服某人做某事(结果是失败的)
persuadesbtodosth说服某人做某事(结果是成功的)
Insteadheboughthimlffiftypenceworthoftrouble.
instead(adv.代替)相反的是…
fiftypenceworthoftrouble五十便士的麻烦
Onhiswaytothesweetshop,hedroppedhisfiftypenceanditbouncedalongthepavement
andthendisappeareddownadrain.
Georgetookoffhisjacket,rolleduphissleevesandpushedisrightarmthroughthedrain
cover.
系列的动词构成平行结构:takeoff,rolledup,push
rollvi.滚动vt.滚动
--Thepencilrolled(vi.)underthetable.
--Herolled(vt.)theballtowardsthepuppy.(puppyn.(常指未满一岁的)小狗,小动物)
rollup卷起,挽起
--Wewillneedtorollupthecarpet.
Hecouldnotfindhisfiftypencepieceanywhere,andwhatismore,hecouldnogethisarm
out.
what引导的插入语
Whatismoreimportant.更重要的是/Whatiswor.更糟糕的是
Whatismore.更有甚者/Whatisrare.更罕见的是
--Hewenttothemeeting,andwhatiswor,insistedonspeaking.
--Heisaninterestingspeaker,andwhatismoreimportant,heknowshissubjectthoroughly.
他是一个有风趣的演说者,更重要的是他对他的话题了如指掌
Acrowdofpeoplegatheredroundhimandaladyrubbedhisarmwithsoapandbutter,but
Georgewasfirmlystuck.
gatherround…聚在…周围
rubbedhisarmwith…用...涂抹在胳膊上
firmlyadv.稳固的,坚定的(加强语气)
ThefirebrigadewascalledandtwofirefighterfreedGeorgeusingaspecialtypeofgrea.
Using…现在分词做状语(强调一种方式)
firefightern.救火队员
Georgewasnottoouptbyhixperiencebecautheladywhoownsthesweetshopheard
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abouthistroublesandrewardedhimwithlargeboxofchocolates.
Rewardedsbwith…用...来奖赏某人
Specialdifficulties难点
/(steamboatn.汽船,轮船)
ed///d
(v.上发条,绕,缠)
(shoelacen.鞋带)
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
thdone/getsthoutof
y仅用于肯定句中,much用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句。
esbtodosthadvisbthat...
--that引导的宾语从句必须要出现should+动词原形(虚拟语气)
--IadvimystudentsthattheyshouldreadEnglishformorethananhour.
sth…when
如果句中的when表达的概念是:就在这时、恰恰这时、正当此时,那么其的主句结构往往
采用进行时态
er/nor:也不(用于句首句子必须倒装)
h.+prep.(--putthebookinthebookca/putthebookonthedesk)
le(adj.耐用的,持久的)
--durableclothing耐穿的衣服/durablegoods耐用品
10.C
tourn.旅行,旅游v.旅行
inturn轮流地(--Ithinkweshouldcleanourclassroominreturn.)
cyclen.周期,循环,自行车/circlen.圆圈,环状物
--drawacircle画一个圆圈/thecycleoftheasons四季的循环
tlyadv.严格地,确实地wellandtruly=completely
--Tomwaswellandtrulydrunk.汤姆烂醉如泥。
--drunkadj.喝醉了的(drink的过去分词)
bynomeans(无论如何)决不
=innoway(adv.决不)=onnoaccount(adv.决不)=innon(adv.决不)
t.移动,感动embarrassvt.使窘迫;使为难
--Theylookateachotherembarrasd.
Distressv.使悲痛,使穷困,使忧伤
--Pleadon'tdistressyourlf.
--Hewasmostdistresdtohearthesadnews.
ThefirebrigadewascalledandtwofirefighterfreedGeorgeusingaspecialtypeofgrea.
Using…现在分词做状语(强调一种方式)
firefightern.救火队员
Georgewasnottoouptbyhixperiencebecautheladywhoownsthesweetshopheard
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abouthistroublesandrewardedhimwithlargeboxofchocolates.
Rewardedsbwith…用...来奖赏某人
Lesson16Maryhadalittlelamb玛丽有一头羔羊
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
Prizeadj.珍贵的,宝贵的
--Maryhasgotaprizelamb./Thecatisprizetotheoldlady.
=Valuable(adj.有价值的,贵重的)
=Precious(adj.珍贵的,宝贵的)
=Cherishableadj.珍贵的(cherishvt.抚育,爱护,珍爱)
=Dear(adj.昂贵的,亲爱的)
Tiev.拴,系
tiesthto…
--Itiedthedogtoatree.(拴在某处)
--Heistiedtohisfamily.(于…有联系)
Tien.领带,关系(强调血缘关系)
--tiesofblood血缘关系/thetiesoffriendship朋友关系
theftn.偷盗行为,偷盗案
--Hereportsthethefttothepolice.
Accuv.指控
accusbofdoingsth
--Heaccudhisneighborofstealinghisbicycle.
accu比charge语义弱:accu强调"严厉的指责",charge强调"控告"
chargesbwithdoingsth
denyv.否认
denydoingsth
--Hedeniedstealingthelamb./Hedeniedthetruth.
denysbnothing百依百顺(denyv.拒绝)
--Hedenieshiswifenothing.他对他的妻子有求必应。
denyonelf克制自己
--Onsomeoccasionswemustdenyourlves.在某些场合我们必须克制自己
Ashamedadj.感到羞耻,惭愧
beashamedof…为...感到羞耻
--Heisashamedofbeingadustman.
Shamefuladj.可耻的(--Thetheftisshameful.)
Shamelessadj.无耻的(--Thethiefisashamelessperson.)
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Apologizev.道歉(apologyn.道歉)
apologizetosb(forsth)(因为某事)向某人道歉
dyev.染(--Dyetheclothblack把这布染成黑色。)
Southernadj.南方的,南部的
Greecen.希腊(腊欧洲东南部国家)
Ropen.绳,索,绳索
Steal(stole,stolen,stealing)
Acquirevt.获得,学到
Backyardn.后院,后庭
Rashlyadv.轻率地(rashadj.轻率的,匆忙的)
Wooln.羊毛,毛织品,毛线
Neighbourn.邻居(美作:neighbor)
Neighbourhoodn.邻居关系(美作:neighborhood)
Text课文
WasDimitririghttoapologizetohisneighbour?Whynot?
MaryandherhusbandDimitrilivedinthetinyvillageofPerachorainsouthernGreece.
inthetinyvillageof...
--inthebigcityofBeijing./inthebeautifulcityofParis.
insouthernGreece=inthesouthofGreece
OneofMary'sprizeposssionswasalittlewhitelambwhichherhusbandhadgivenher.
Posssionn.所有物
--WhatIposssisvaluable.=Myposssionsarevaluable.
Belongingn.随身携带物,附属品,附件
Shekeptittiedtoatreeinafieldduringthedayandwenttofetchiteveryevening.
Keep+宾语+宾补使…处于某种状态
keep后的宾语补足语可以是形容词、介词短语、分词。
--keep和过去分词搭配,过去分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
--keep和现在分词搭配,宾语和现在分词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
--Ikeepmywindowsclodinwinter./Ikeepthedoglockedinthekitchen.
--Ikepttheboystandingoutside.
Oneevening,however,ehadbeencut,soitwasobviousthat
thelambhadbeenstolen.
Itisobviousthat...显而易见…
WhenDimitricameinfromthefields,iatonce
touttofindthethief.
touttodosth开始着手做某事(taboutdoing…)
Heknewitwouldnotprovedifficultinsuchasmallvillage.
Aftertellingveralofhisfriendsaboutthetheft,Dimitrifoundoutthathisneighbour,
Aleko,hadsuddenlyacquiredanewlamb.
tellsbaboutsth告诉某人关于某事
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--Hetoldthepoliceaboutthetheft.
DimitriimmediatelywenttoAleko'shouandangrilyaccudhimofstealingthelamb.
Hetoldhimhehadbetterreturnitorhewouldcallthepolice.
Hecan'tbeillorhewouldn'thavecome.他不可能生病了要不他就不会来了。
orel…否则…
--tpromptly,orel....。
AlekodeniedtakingitandledDimitriintohisbackyard.
.(led,led,leading)引导;指引
--Heledustohishome.他把我们带到他家。
Itwastruethathehadjustboughtalamb,heexplained,buthislambwasblack.
Itistruethat…but...诚然…但是…
--Itistruethattheworkishard,butwe'llfinishitahead.(.提前,向前,在前面)
Ashamedofhavingactedsorashly,DimitriapologizedtoAlekoforhavingaccudhim.
Ashamed前省略了be动词。
Ashamedof…是现在分词结构(形容词结构)做原因状语(放主句前后均可)
--Angryateverybodyhere,heleftsuddenly.
--Anxiousforaquickdecision,hecalledhisfriends.
--Nervous,themanopenedtheletter.
WhiletheyweretalkingitbegantorainandDimitristayedinAleko'shouuntiltherain
wentoutsidehalfanhourlater,hewasastonishedtofindthelittle
l,whichhadbeendyedblack,hadbeenwashedclean
bytherain!
Specialdifficulties难点
hadbetterdo/hadbetternotdo
etterhavelunch.(Advisableadj.适当的;明智的;可取的)
betterrenewherpassport(Renewvt.更换,更新)
'dbetternotasksomanyquestions.
'dbetternotstayanylonger.
ldrenhadbettergetanearlynight.(Consultv.商量,商议,请教)
tterconsultmysolicitor.(Solicitorn.律师,法律顾问)
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
vt.解开vi.松开,解开
nity(n.社区,公社,团体,社会)=village
ful(adj.诚实的,说实话的)admit(v.容许,承认)
4.D
5.D正确
prent(adj.现在的,出席的)反义词:abnt(adj.不在的,缺席的)
prent(vt.赠送,给)
--eftfirm,thedirectorprentedagoldwatchtohim.
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--Thegoldwatchwasprentfromthedirector.
aprentfromsomebody某人所送的礼物
6.C
llasize
8.B
9.A
valuedadj.尊贵的,尊重的,宝贵的
--valuedadvice宝贵的忠告/valuedfriend尊贵的朋友
worthwhileadj.值得做的(--workinghardisworthwhile努力学习是值得做的)
worthyadj.值得的,配得上的(beworthyof)
--Thechainisworthyofthewatch.(chainn.链子)
--Hisdeedsareworthyofourprai.他的确行为陪得上我们的表扬
10.B
tellsomebodyaboutsomething
reportsomethingtosomebody
11C正确chatv.聊天n.聊天
argumentn.争论,辩论
12A正确
outofdoors=outdoors=outside(.)
--outdoorsn.户外adv.在户外,在野外
adj.在户外=outdoor(adj.室外的,户外的)
--outdoors的反义词:indoors(adv.在户内)
intheopenair在户外,露天
insideout里外反穿
--Heputhissocksoninsideout.他把袜子穿反了。
Lesson17Thelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworld世界上最长的吊桥
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
Suspensionn.悬,吊
suspensionbridge吊桥
suspendvt.吊,悬挂
--Thelightissuspendedfromtheceiling.
suspendvt.暂停,暂缓
--Thetrainwassuspendedbecauoftheheavyrain.
Suspenn.担心、挂念、悬念(insuspen)
--Thewonderfulfilmgavemeagoodexpressionbecauofitssuspen.(悬念)
--Hedidn’meinsuspenallday.
suspendern.吊袜带,(裤子或裙子的)背带
agreeableadj.宜人的(--Todayisagreeable.)
agreeablesituation宜人的地方
--Hishouisinaagreeablesituation.
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situationn.地点,地方(=location=position)
situatevt.使位于,使处于
locatev.位于
--BeijingislocatedintheNorthofChina.
--JapanislocatedtotheeastofChina.
immortaladj.永生的,流芳百世的
Brooklynn.布鲁克林(纽约一区名)
Statenn.斯塔顿(岛)
Spann.跨度
Cablen.缆索
Concreten.混凝土
Suspendv.悬挂
Lengthn.根,段
Estimatev.估计
--Underestimate低估/Overestimate高估
--Ataroughestimate,thecarisworth500thousandRMB.粗略的估计以下…
Estimationn.判断(=judgement=judgmentn.审判,判决)
--inmyestimation=inmyview=inmyopinion在我看来
capacityn.承受量(容量,生产量,接受力)
--Areyouclearaboutthecapacityofthecinema?
Capacityn.做某事的能力
haveacapacityfordoingsomething/haveacapacitytodoability
--wehaveacapacitytostudyEnglishwell.
Abilityn.能力,才干(已经做到了)
--Wehaveabilitytofinishtheworkintwodays.=wemanagetofinish…
Capabilityn.潜在的能力
havecapabilitytodo/havecapabilityofdoing
--Everychildhascapabilitytostudyaforeignlanguage.
Facultyn.先天的智能或能力
Competencen.胜任工作的能力、资格
--Ihavecompetenceforthisjob.
immensityn.巨大
elegantadj.优美别致的
Elegant还表示人的举止很得体、大方
--Theladyilegant./elegantbehavior
Gracefuladj.优美的(强调一个人的体型优美)
Delicateadj.精巧的,精致的
faintlyadv.微细地
withinprep.在...之内,不越出n.内部,里头
adj.里面的,内部的adv.在内部,在内心里
midstn.中间prep.在...中间
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flowvi.流动n.流动
shapen.外形,形状,形态
accountn.计算,说明,帐目
designern.设计家,制图师,阴谋家
towern.塔,城堡
underwateradj.在水下的,在水中的adv.在水下n.(海洋等)水面下的水
platformn.平台,(车站)月台,讲台,讲坛
depthn.深,深度
surfacen.表面,外表,水面adj.面的,肤浅的
wiren.金属丝,电线
packvt.塞满,挤进,挤满
strengthn.强度,力量
fulfillvt.履行,实现,完成(计划等)
fulfilvt.完成,达到
.(drew,drawn,drawing)拉,曳,牵,画,绘制
createvt.创造,创作,引起,造成
Text课文
Howisthebridgesupported?
Verrazano,anItalianaboutwhomlittleisknown,sailedintoNewYorkHarbourin1524
and
nameditAngouleme.
sailedinto...是句子的主干
aboutwhom(whom指代Italian)
Hedescribeditas'averyagreeablesituationlocatedwithintwosmallhillsinthemidstof
whichflowedagreatriver.'
describesomethingas…把某物描述成…
--Ishoulddescribetheattemptasafailure.我把这次尝试描述成失败。
后面可以加as的动词:e,view,lookupon,recognize,regard,treat,accept
--Hismotherregardshimasgenius.(geniusn.天才,天赋)
--Iacceptedhiswordsastruth.我对他的话信以为真。
Located过去分词做定语修饰situation
--Ilikethevillagelocatedwithintwosmallhills.
=Ilikethevillagewhichislocatedwithintwosmallhills.
inthemidstofwhich...
--Agreatriverflowedinthemiddleofthetwohills.
Inthemidstof=inthemiddleof
Inthemiddleof不仅可以表示方位上的中间,还可以表示时间上的中间。
--inthemiddleoftheriver/inthemiddleofthenight/inthemiddleofthewinter
介词短语在which前,which引导的从句要倒装。
--Wearrivedatafarmhouinfrontofwhichwasamountain.
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ThoughVerrazanoisbynomeansconsideredtobeagreatexplorer,hisnamewillprobably
remainimmortal,foronNovember21st,1964,thelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworld
wasnamedafterhim.
Though/although/eventhough引导让步状语从句
用了though,although不能使用but
但可以用yet来强调转折关系
--Thoughtheymanagetotakephotographs,yettheygotintotroublesoon.
bynomeans(=notbyanymeans=notatall)
--Itisbynomeanspleasanttotakeacrowdedbus.
乘坐一辆拥挤的公共汽车绝对不是一件让人高兴的事。
--Heisn'tsatisfiedwithajobatall.=Heisn'tsatisfiedwithajobbyanymeans.
innoway,innoca,innon,innocircumstances(circumstancen.环境,详情,境况)
onnoaccount,atnotime都表示’决不’
benamedafter…,benamedfor…,takeone'snamefrom…都表示用…来命名
TheVerrazanoBridge,whichwasdesignedbyOthmarAmmann,joinsBrooklyntoStaten
spanof4,260feet.
aspanof跨度、桥长
Thebridgeissolongthattheshapeoftheearthhadtobetakenintoaccountbyitsdesigner.
takeintoaccount=takeintoconsideration=takeaccountof考虑到
--Wehavetotakethedateintoaccountwhenwehavethemeeting.
Twogreattowerssupportfourhugecables.
Support=holdup举起,支撑
Thetowersarebuiltonimmenunderwaterplatformsmadeofsteelandconcrete.
Theplatformxtendtoadepthofover100feetunderthea.
Extend(延伸,伸展)=reach,stretch
--arailwayextendstothenextcity.
Thealonetooksixteenmonthstobuild.
=Ittooktheworkerssixteenmonthstobuildtheplatforms.
Abovethesurfaceofthewater,thetowersritoaheightofnearly700feet.
extendtoadepthof…伸展的深度
extendtoalengthof…伸展的长度
extendtoawidthof…伸展的宽度(widthn.宽度,宽广)
ritoaheightof…伸展的高度
Theysupportthecablesfromwhichthebridgehasbeensuspended.
which指代先行词cables
Eachofthefourcablescontains26,108lengthsofwire.
Ithasbeenestimatedthatifthebridgewerepackedwithcars,itwouldstillonlybecarrying
athirdofitstotalcapacity.
Ithasbeenestimatedthat...(Itissaidthat…Itisreportedthat…)
Ithasbeenestimated,Ithasbeenexpected
were虚拟语气(桥上不可能摆满汽车)
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carryv.承载
athirdof……的1/3
However,sizeandstrengtharenottheonlyimportantthingsaboutthisbridge.
Despiteitsimmensity,itisbothsimpleandelegant,fulfillingitsdesigner'sdreamtocreate
'anenormousobjectdrawnasfaintlyaspossible'.
Immensity指代size
Despite=inspiteof
Fulfillvt.履行,实现,完成(计划等)
Fulfilling分词做状语表示结果
--Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,causingthedelay.(holdup阻挡,拦截)
--Herhusbanddiedin1970,leavingherwithherchildren.
--Atlasthepasdhixamination,fulfillinghisdreamtogoabroad.
Specialdifficulties难点
Ifindhimtobequiteunsuitableforthejob.(unsuitableadj.不适合的,不相称的)
=Ifindthatheisquiteunsuitableforthejob.
类似这种用法的词有:(presumevt.假定,假设,认为)
believe,consider,declare,feel,know,suppo,think,presume,estimate,understand
--Iconsiderthatheisthebestcandidate.(candidaten.候选人,投考者)
--Iconsiderhimtobethebestcandidate.
--Weestimatedthatthispictureisworthatleast500pounds.
--Weestimatedthispicturetobeworthatleast500pounds.
Propertyn.财产,所有物
Treatyn.条约,谈判
Invalidadj.无效的n.病人,残废者adj.有病的,残废的
Integrityn.正直,诚实
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
derableadj.值得考虑的,相当可观的
thelongestsuspensionbridgewasnamedafterVerrazano.
chn.一段路程,一段时间
awidestretchofwater连续不断的水域
3.A
Thebridgeissolongthattheshapeoftheearthhadtobetakenintoaccountbyitsdesigner.
accountfor考虑,说明,解决
takeaccountof/takeintoaccount考虑
curvaturen.弯曲度
vehiclen.交通工具,车辆
ibesthAs
situated动词过去分词接受agreeably的限定
5.A陈述客观事实
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6.B
thusadv.因而,从而,这样,如此
--Hesoldhisfarmandthushehadenoughmoneyforhisjourney.
他卖掉了农场,这样他就有足够的钱旅行了。
--Therehasbeennorain—thus,thecropsaredrying.
天没下雨,因此庄稼要枯死了。
7.D
immen描述性形容词用于物质名词的前面
.(sank,sunk,sinking)下沉,使沉没
ferro-concreten.[建]钢筋混凝土,钢骨水泥
.负荷,装载量,负载
theload=thetotalcapacity
can不能与beableto搭配连用
can+动词原形(表示一般的能力)
r表示两者中的每一方的
--Hesatinthecarwithapolicemanoneithersideofhim.
--oneithersideofthestreet
eitheradj.修饰名词的单数形式
bothadj.修饰名词的复数形式
everyadj.用于三者或三者以上(意思上等于all)
--ineverydirection=inalldirections
sidebyside肩并肩的,并排
--Thetwobottlesstoodsidebysideonthetable.
--walksidebyside肩并肩的走
…with/join…toattach…to把…牢牢的系上(attachv.系上,贴上)
--Sheattachedachecktotheorderform.她在定单上附了一张支票。
Relate…to/with表示在…之间建立联系
--Ican'trelatewhatyousayhappenedwithwhatIsaw.
我不能把你所说的发生的事件和我所看到的联系起来。
Unifyvt.统一,使成一体
nsionbridge吊桥suspendedadj.暂停的,缓期的,延期的
--Thejudgegavehimasuspendedntence.法官判了他缓刑。
--judgen.法官,审判员
Suspenn.担心,不安,悬念
--Thecompetitorsinthebeautycontestwerekeptinsuspenwaitingfortheresult.
--competitor(n.竞争者)contest(n.论争,竞赛)
Suspendern.吊索,吊袜带
12.D
takevt.容纳,装载
--Thetankwilltakeabouttwelvegallons.(n.加仑)
Sustainvt.支撑,承受住
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--Idon'tthinkthisfloorwillsustaintheweightofthegrandpiano.
Endurevt.经受,承受(痛苦、苦难)
Receivevt.收到
Lesson18Electriccurrentsinmodernart现代艺术的电流
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
Currentn.电流(趋势,电流,水流,气流)
--theflowofelectricity电流
--acontinuousmovementofwater水流
currentadj.目前的,现在的(--currentaffairs时事)
currentlyadv.普遍地,通常地,现在,当前
currencyn.流通,货币
sculpturen.雕塑
sculpturaladj.雕塑的,雕刻般的
sculptorn.雕刻家
sculptv.雕刻,造型
mistakenadj.错误的(=incorrect,wrong,misunderstood)
--Theteacherhasmistakenopinionofhispupil.
Herdoesn'tusimpleplainlanguageandheisoftenmistaken.
Mistaken.错误,过失
--makeamistake犯错
--bymistake弄错了
--Hetookmyumbrellabymistake.他错拿了我的伞。
--andnomistake确实如此
--Heishonestandnomistake.他这个人确实很诚实。
Mistakevt.把...误认为,弄错,误解
--mistakesbfor把某人误认为
--YesterdayImistookhimformyclassmate.
Galleryn.美术馆
Exhibitn.展品,陈列品(=somethingthatshowinpublic)
Exhibitionn.展览会
--Wewenttoanexhibitiontovisitexhibits.
Oddlyadv.古怪的(=strangely)
oddadj.古怪的(因为少见而奇怪)
strangeadj.陌生的,奇怪的(因为陌生而奇怪)
queeradj.奇特的(因为不同于其它的而奇怪)
--Look,heiswearingaqueerhat.
Fantasticadj.奇妙的
Eccentricadj.怪癖的(--Heisaneccentricperson.)
Attachv.连,系
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attachvt.系、拴、粘上、贴上(--attach…to…)
--Heattachedthelambtoatree.
Attach…tosbforsth因为某事而把…加再某人身上
--Wedidn'tattachblametohimforhisfailure.我们没有因为他的失败而责备他。
attachimportancetosth对某事非常重视
--Weattachimportancetoeducation.
beattachedtosth喜欢,喜爱
--I'mveryattachedtoher.
attachmentn.附属物,固定物,爱慕,友情
spheren.球体
magnetizev.使磁化,吸引
--Theironwasmagnetized.
--Hisspeechmagnetizedthelisteners.
Repelv.排斥,使厌恶(=todriveback,caufeelingsofdislike)
--Thedifferentxesattracteachotherandthesamexesrepelonthecontrary.
同性向吸,异性相斥。
--Letmegoatonce,yourepelme.让我走,你真让我恶心。
Flickerv.闪烁(=shineunsteadily)unsteadily(adv.不稳定地,摇摆地)
flashvi.闪光,闪现(=shineforamoment)
emitv.放射(=giveoff)
emitsound/emitsmell/emitlight/emitheat/emitsmoke
flashv.闪光
prehistoricadj.史前的,老掉牙的(historicadj.历史上著名的,有历史性的)
electronicadj.电子的
peculiaradj.奇异的(=strangeandunusual)
--Thefoodhaspeculiartaste.这食物有一种奇特的味道。
--I'mfeelingratherpeculiar.=Iamfellingill.
Shockv.令人震惊,刺激人
--getshocked受震动
--Atthenews,hegotshocked.
Shockn.震惊(--getabigshock)
emotionallyadv.事情上
emotionaladj.易激动的,情绪的,感情脆弱的(反义词:unemotional)
--Ithinkyouagreewithme,womenareoftensaidtobemoreemotionalthanmen.
emotiveadj.使感动的,感情的,动感情的
--Thewordhomeismoreemotivethanhou.
emotionn.(抽象的)感情
--Love,hated,andgriefareemotions.(griefn.悲痛,悲伤)
feelingn.某时的内心感受
--Ican'tdescribemyfeelingnow.
electricadj.电的,用电的
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dangerousadj.危险的
interestn.兴趣,利息vt.使发生兴趣
displayn.陈列,展览,显示,显示器vt.陈列,展览,显示
formn.状,形态,外形
recentadj.新近的,近来的
shapedadj.有形状的;成某种形状的
responn.回答,响应,反应
familiaradj.熟悉的,常见的
lineupv.整队,排列起
againstprep.相反,反对,逆着,靠着,倚着
wiren.属丝,电线
metaln.金属
attractvt.吸引
structuren.结构,构造,构造物,建筑物
colour(vt.把...涂颜色,粉饰)coloured(adj.有彩色的,有色的)
sparkn.火花,火星,闪光
lampn.灯vt.照亮
electricadj.电的,导电的,用电的adj.惊人的,令人兴奋的
Text课文
Howmightsomeoftheexhibitshavebeendangerous?
Modernsculpturerarelysurprisusanymore.
Rarely=ldom
本句=Wearenotsurpridatmodernsculpture.
Theideathatmodernartcanonlybeeninmuumsismistaken.
that引导同位语从句,修饰限定theidea的内容。
--TheideathatonecanlearnEnglishwellinEnglish-speakingcountriesismistaken.
Evenpeoplewhotakenointerestinartcannothavefailedtonoticeexamplesofmodern
sculptureondisplayinpublicplaces.
重点句式结构:
whotakenointerestinart修饰说明people
takeinterestin对…感兴趣/showinterestin显示对…的兴趣
takedelightin对…感到高兴/takepridein对…感到骄傲
cannot,failedto双重否定意味着肯定(强调肯定的语气)
--Hemusthavepasdhixaminationlastweek.
=Hecannothavefailedtopasshixaminationlastweek.
--Youmustkeepyourpromi.=Youcan'tfailtokeepyourpromi.(n.许诺)
ondisplay/onshow展览,展出
Strangeformsstandingardens,andoutsidebuildingsandshops.
Wecanesculptureverywhere
-called'modern'pieceshavebeenondisplayfor
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nearlyeightyyears.
getudto…=getaccustomedto…习惯于…(accustomedadj.通常的,习惯的)
用夸张的口吻表明事实
Inspiteofthis,somepeople--includingmylf--weresurpribyarecentexhibitionof
modernsculpture.
inspiteofthis尽管如此(作者表明了自己的观点)
ThefirstthingIsawwhenIenteredtheartgallerywasanoticewhichsaid:'Donottouch
theexhibits.
重点句型:Thefirstthing...wasanoticewhichsaid...
Isaw是定语从句省略了that
Someofthemaredangerous!'Theobjectsondisplaywerepiecesofmovingsculpture.
Thesculpturecanmove.
Oddlyshapedformsthataresuspendedformtheceilingandmoveinrespontoagustof
windarequitefamiliartoeverybody.
句子主干:Oddlyshapedformsarefamiliartoeverybody
that引导的定语从句用来限定shapedforms
that定语从句中:inresponto=inreactionto作为对…的反应
befamiliartosb对某人来讲很熟悉
--Thehouisfamiliartohim.
--Idon'treallyrememberwhereIhaveenhimbefore,buthelooksveryfamiliartome.
befamiliarwithsth熟悉,熟知
--AreyoufamiliarwiththeplayofShakespeare?
--I'mfamiliarwiththatbooktoo.
Theobjects,however,pagainstthewall,therewerelongthinwires
attachedtometalspheres.
linedup(过去分词做状语)与longthinwires为被动关系
attachedtometalspheres(过去分词做定语)修饰longthinwires.
therewerelongthinwiresattachedtometalspheres.
=therewerelongthinwiresthatwereattachedtometalspheres.
Thesphereshadbeenmagnetizedandattractedorrepelledeachotherallthetime.
Inthecentreofthehall,therewereanumberoftallstructureswhichcontainedcoloured
lights.
thecenterofthehall展厅的中央
colouredlights彩色灯泡
Thelightsflickeredcontinuouslyliketrafficlightswhichhavegonemad.
continuouslyadv.不停止的
gomad发疯,发狂(=runmad)
--Hemusthavegonemadtodosuchathing.
Sparkswereemittedfromsmallblackboxesandredlampsflashedonandoffangrily.
onandoff=continually=Intermittentlyadv.间歇的,断断续续的
onandon=continuouslyadv.无间断地,连续不断地
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--Ithasbeenrainingonandoffsincenoon.
Itwasratherlikeanexhibitionofprehistoricelectronicequipment.
Itwasratherlike...=Itwasmorelike...
Thepeculiarformsnotonlyemeddesignedtoshockpeopleemotionally,buttogivethem
electricshocksaswell!
notonly...but...aswell
em(系动词)+名词/形容词/分词
Keystructures关键句型
1...takenointerestinart...ondisplay...
2...gotudto...
3...fromtheceiling...inresponto...familiarto...
4...attachedto...
Specialdifficulties难点
以元音+y结尾的名词/动词,加s时直接加。
Daydays
Wayways
Enjoyenjoys
Buybuys
以辅音+y结尾的名词/动词,加s时,去y变I加es。
Ladyladies
Berryberries
Replyreplies
Jungle’sopinion:不能有三个辅音在一起,否则不好读。(例:ladys)
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
1.A正确
2.C正确
mobileadj.可移动的,易变的,机动的
effectn.结果,效果,作用,影响
electronicadj.电子的
activatevt.刺激,使活动,开[起]动,触发
3.D正确onecouldnotpassthemunnoticed
cannotpasssomethingunnoticed不可能路过某物而不注意到它
--ThedressissobeautifulthatIcan'tpassitunnoticed
unnoticedadj.不引人注意的,被忽视的
untouchedadj.未触及的;没有动过的
4.C正确eightyyearsago(一般过去时)
5.C正确entrance+to,arrival+in/at
itvt.阻止,禁止(重点强调法律或条例明文禁止)
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prohibitsomebodyfromdoingsomething
--Thelawprohibitchildrenfrombuyingalcohol.(n.酒精,酒)
forbidsomebodytodosomething
--Thelawforbidchildrentobuyalcohol.
7.A正确inorderthat只能引导目的状语从句
sothat可以引导目的和结果状语从句
1>引导目的状语从句时:sothat+情态动词
2>引导结果状语从句时:sothat+一般时态
8.D正确both...and…(both和and的后面成分应该相同)
9.D正确atoneblow强调一次重击
allofasudden=suddenly
withalighttouch轻轻的一碰
10A正确gaveoff
11B正确illuminatev.照明,照亮
--illuminatedbycandle/illuminatethestreets
enlightenvt.开导,启发
enlightenedadj.开通的,开明的(--enlightenedpolicy开明的政策)
alightvi.(不及物)下车,落下(alighted,alighted)(alit,alit)
--Pasngersshouldnotalightfromthetrainuntilithasstopped.
alightedadj.点着的,发亮的(=burning)
--thefireisalighted/burning
12C正确designed表达一种意图
--abookdesigned/intendedmainlyforEnglishlearner.一本专门为英语学习者编写的书。
Drawvt.画(--drawapicture)
Drawvt.支取,提取(--drawmoneyfrombank)Createvt.创造
Lesson19Averydearcat一条贵重的宝贝猫
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
Dearadj.亲爱的,珍贵的;昂贵的
Dear=Costly(adj.昂贵的,贵重的)=expensive
--Ican'taffordthecarbecauit'stoodear.
Dearadj.珍贵的,宝贵的
--Thecatisdeartome.(adj.珍贵的)
--ThelambisprizetoMary=ThelambisdeartoMary
costsomebodydear花了某人很多钱(dearadv.昂贵地,价高地)
--Thecatcosttheladydear.
kidnappern.者,拐骗者
kidnapvt.诱拐(小孩),,勒赎
--Theykidnappedfivehostages.(n.人质,抵押品)
considerableadj.相当大的
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--aconsiderablebusiness.大型企业。
--Hehasgotaconsiderablesuccess.
Considerablyadv.相当大地,相当多地(=much,alot,agreatdeal)
--It'sconsiderablycoldertodaythanyesterday.
Considerate(adj.考虑周到的)=thoughtful(adj.体贴的,关切的)
beconsideratetosomebody对某人很体贴
--Areyouconsiderate/thoughfultoyourwife?
Considered(adj.经慎重考虑的,经过熟思的)
--It'smyconsideredopinion.
allthingsconsidered就各方面而言
--Allthingsconsidered,hefinishedtheworkwell.
.就…而论;照…来看;考虑到…
介词--Consideringhisage,thelittleboyreadsverywell.
就他的年龄来说,这小孩读得算挺好的。
连词--Theyhavedoneitwellconsidering(that)theyhavenoexperience.
副词--HestudiesEnglishwell,considering.就各方面而言,他英语学得很好。
=HestudiesEnglishwell,allthingsconsidered.
Wealthyadj.富的,有钱的
Orderlyadj.有规律的
Disappearancen.失踪
Anonymousadj.匿名的
Ransomn.赎金
payransomtosomebody
--Theoldladypaidaransomofonethousandpoundstothekidnapper.
holdsomebodytoransom某人为了赎金
--Theykidnappedtheboyandheldhimtoransom.
Cardboardn.硬纸板
Withdraw(withdrew,withdrawn)v.(从银行)取钱
punctuallyadv.准时地
punctualadj.严守时刻的,准时的
Punctualityn.准时
astoundv.使吃惊
surpri,astonish,amaze,astound语气一个比一个强
--Hewasastoundedtohearofherdeath.
--Theywereamazedtofindthelazygirlcameveryearly.
Surprisingadj.令人惊讶的
Surpridadj.感到惊讶的
Flatn.平面,平地,一层,公寓adj.平坦的,扁平的
Wordn.字,词,话
Sureadj.对....有把握,确信某事adv.的确,当然
Amountn.数量
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Text课文
WhywasRastus'verydear'inmorewaysthanone?
Kidnappersarerarelyinterestedinanimals,buttheyrecentlytookconsiderableinterestin
Mrs.
Rarely=ldomadv.很少地
beinterestin=takeinterestin(一句话中用不同的表达方式,是为了避免从复)
tookgreatinterestin=takeenormous/tremendousinterestin
EleanorRamsay'rRamsay,averywealthyoldlady,hassharedaflatwith
hercat,Rastus,foragreatmanyyears.
sharesomethingwithsomebody和某人分享某物
--Isharetheroomwithmyfriend.
Foragreatmanyyears=foralongtime.
llytakesashortwalkintheeveningsandisalways
homebyveno'clock.
Orderlyadj.有秩序的,有顺序的
Disciplinev.训练n.纪律,学科
Disciplinedn.受过训练的,遵守纪律的
Regularadj.规则的,有秩序的
takesashortwalk=goesforawalk=goesforastroll
strolln.漫步,闲逛
Oneevening,however,hefailedtoarrive.
kedeverywhereforhimbutcouldnotfindhim.
However的使用表明:heisn’thomethatevening.
lookfor,find
TheredaysafterRastus'disappearance,receivedananonymousletter.
after可以和名词搭配
--threedaysafterJohnson’sarrival.约翰逊到来三天之后。
--threedaysafterthekidnapper’sappearance.
ThewriterstatedthatRastuswasinsafehandsandwouldbereturnedimmediatelyifMrs.
Ramsaypaidaransomof$1,000.
State非常正式的声明
wasinstructedtoplacethemoneyinacardboardboxandtoleaveitoutside
herdoor.
Instruct=order(vt.命令)=tellformally(adv.正式地,形式上)
beinstructedtodosomething
--Thejournalistwasinstructedtoobtaintheexactstatistics.
Atfirstshedecidedtogotothepolice,butfearingthatshewouldnevereRastusagain–
theletterhadmadethatquiteclear--shechangedhermind.
Fearing现在分词做原因状语
makeitcleartosomebodythat…(it是形式主语)
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--TheteacherhasmadeitcleartousthatwemustreadEnglishaloudeveryday.
Shewithdrew$1000fromherbankandfollowedthekidnapper'sinstructions.
Thenextmorning,wassurethatthekidnapper
wouldkeephisword.
Keephisword=keephispromi遵守诺言
word表示诺言时,要采用单数形式
keephisword遵守诺言/breakhisword失信用
givesomebodyone'sword向某人保证
--IgiveyoumywordthatIwillreturnyourbicycle.
asgoodasone'sword表示守信用(侧重点在于强调一个结果)
--Hepromidtopaymethemoneyandhewasasgoodashisword.
他许诺把钱给我,正如他所言他遵守了他的诺言。
gobackonone'sword食言,违背诺言
Sureenough,Rastusarrivedpunctuallyatveno'clockthatevening.
sureenough强调确实如此
--Isaiditwouldhappen,andsureenoughitdidhappen.
Helookedverywellthoughhewasratherthirsty,forhedrankhalfabottleofmilk.
halfabottleofmilk半瓶牛奶
halfthemoney一半的钱/halfthedistance一半的距离
toldthemwhatshehaddone.
SheexplainedthatRastuswasverydeartoher.
Consideringtheamountshepaid,hewasdearinmorewaysthanone!
inmorewaysthanone=inmanyways
dear具有双重意义(即是亲爱的,又是昂贵的)
Specialdifficulties难点
逗号的用法:
1>三个或三个以上的词、短语或句子只用一个并列连接词来连接,他们之间就要用逗号,
并列连接词前也要用逗号
--Heopenedtheletter,readit,andmadeanoteofitscontents.
2>插入语或同位语前后必须用逗号分开
--Iownoverathousandbooksand,tomakematterswore,theroomisrathersmall.
3>状语从句位于句首时也要用逗号和主句分隔开来,放在句尾则不需要
--Afterwehadvisitedthemarket,wereturnedhome.
=Wereturnedhomeafterwehadvisitedthemarket.
4>非限定性定语从句必须用逗号分开
--ThankstotheEnglishChannel,whichparatesBritainfromEurope,thecountryhasnotbeen
invadedsince1066.
5>语次转变词也应该用逗号将其和句子其他成分分开
--Afewcars,however,completedtherace.
--dn’t,therefore,continuedhisstudyatschool.
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=ore,Hecouldn’tcontinuedhisstudyatschool.
6>介词短语和分词短语位于句首时,也必须加逗号加以分隔。
--Takingoffhisjacket,Georgepushedhisarmthroughthedraincover.
--Withsomechildren,smallmoneygoesalongway.
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
1.A正确couldandwould愿意并有能力
companionn.同伴,共事者
2.B正确onwhatconditions在什么样的基础之上
revealvt.展现,显示,揭示,暴露
3.A正确greatlyadv.很,非常
4.B正确foragreatmanyyears(用完成时)
5.D正确
6.A正确reactionn.反应,反作用
根据语法规则:
主语是ambition,duty,goal,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,policy,purpo,reaction,
suggestion等名词的时,句子的表语必须是to不定式短语,该不定式短语是说明其内容的。
--Hispurpoinlifewastoektruthinsteadofmoney.
--Ourplanistomakebetteruofthismaterial.
7.B正确
forfear+of/that
--Theyareworkinghardforfearthattheyshouldfail.
=Theyareworkinghardforfearoffailure.
afraidfor侧重点表示:为...感到担心,害怕失去
--Theparentsareoftenareafraidfortheirchildren.父母常为孩子担心。
--Hewasafraidforhisjob.他害怕丢工作。
--Iamnotafraidformyhead.我不怕掉脑袋。
8.D正确修饰money用large
9.D正确
measuredadj.慎重的,有节奏的,标准的,整齐的,有规则的
regularadj.强调有规则的
disciplinedn.受过训练的,遵守纪律的
10.B正确
goforawalk=goforastroll
goon/foratrek进行艰苦的跋涉
--trekn.牛拉车旅行,艰苦跋涉
goforatrot去散步
--trotn.小跑,骑马,疾走,忙碌lanen.(乡间)小路,巷,里弄
--I'mgoingforatrotdownthelane.我正沿着巷子小跑。
11.C正确sureenough=as(was)expected
withoutadoubtadv.无疑地
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asamatteroffactadv.事实上(infact=actually实际上,事实上)
12.A正确healthyadj.健康的,健壮的
sane(adj.神志清楚的,头脑清楚的)=nsible(明智的,有判断力的)
Lesson20Pioneerpilots飞行员的先驱
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
Pioneern.先驱.开拓,为…开路,作先驱者
Youngpioneer少先队员
Apioneerofoperation手术的开创者
Advocaten.提倡者,鼓吹者vt.提倡,鼓吹
--pioneeradulteducation倡导成人教育
lordn.对(英国)贵族的尊称;勋爵
lordlessadj.无君主的,无丈夫的
lordshipn.贵族权力,贵族身份
.高傲的,贵族般地,有气派地
duken.公爵
marquisn.(英国等的)侯爵(亦作:marquess)
earln.<英>伯爵
viscountn.(英国的)子爵
baronn.男爵(英国世袭的最低级的贵族爵位),大财主(女性为:baroness)
Calaisn.加来(法国港市)
Overlandadj.陆上的
Overnightn.头天晚上adj.通宵的,晚上的,前夜的adv.在前一夜,整夜,昨晚一晚上
--anovernighttrip一整夜的旅行/anovernightguest过夜的客人
overpopulatedadj.人口过密的,人口过剩的
overasadv.海外adj.外国的,海外的
over+动词(over表示超过)
overeatvt.使吃过量vi.吃得过多
oversleepvt.(使)睡过头vi.睡过头,睡得太久
overworkn.过度工作v.(使)工作过度
overchargev.讨价过高,使过量装填,过度充电n.超载,过重的负担,过度充电
overestimatevt.评价过高n.估计的过高
pilotn.飞行员,领航员,引水员
enginen.发动机,机车,火车头
Calais加来(法国北部港市)
Latestadj.最后的,最迟的,最新的,最近的n.最新消息,最新式样
Lastvi.持续,支持,维持
Dovern.多佛(英国东南部的港口)
Text课文
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WhatwasthenameofthefirstplanetoflyacrosstheEnglishChannel?
In1908LordNorthcliffeofferedaprizeoff1,000tothefirstmanwhowouldflyacrossthe
EnglishChannel.
thefirstmanwhowouldflyacross…=thefirstmantoflyacross...
序数词和动词不定式to搭配连用可以代替其后的定语从句
--thefirstpersontogreethimwasalocalpoliceman
--Shewastheonlyonetosurvivetheplanecrash.她是唯一幸存与飞机失事的人。
=Shewastheonlyonethatsurvivetheplanecrash.
Overayearpasdbeforethefirstattemptwasmade.
如果before所引导的时间状语从句之前出现段时间(则最佳翻译方法:才...)
attemptn.努力,尝试,企图vt.尝试,企图(attempt的语气比try强烈)
inone'sattempt
--ShefailedinherattempttoswimtheEnglishChannel.她横度英吉利海峡的尝试失败了。
makeanattempton
--Hemadeanattemptonthemountain.他试图攀登那座山。
makeanattempttodo
--Shemadeeveryattempttorunaway.她想尽一切办法逃走。
makenoattempt
--Shemadenoattempttorunaway.她没有想逃走。
OnJuly19th,1909,intheearlymorning,HubertLathamtookofffromtheFrenchcoastin
hisplanethe'AntoinetteIV.'
HehadtravelledonlyvenmilesacrosstheChannelwhenhinginefailedandhewas
forcedtolandona.
When=atthatmoment
Failed=breakdown失灵,出故障
Fail失败、忽视
--Shefailedtowintheprize.
--WhenIsawhim,mywordsfailedme.当我见到他的时候,我不知道说什么好了。
beforcedtodo被迫做某事
The'Antoinette'floatedonthewateruntilLathamwaspickedupbyaship.
pickedup=save=rescue
Twodaysalter,LouisBleriotarrivednearCalaiswithaplanecalled''.Bleriothad
beenmakingplanessince1905andthiswashislattesmodel.
withaplane(with具有、带有)--asuitcawithahandle
Aweekbefore,hehadcompletedasuccessfuloverlandflightduringwhichhecovered
twenty-sixmiles.
=Aweekbefore,hehadcompletedasuccessfuloverlandflightandduringtheflighthecovered
twenty-sixmiles.
--duringwhich=duringflight
Latham,however,didnotgiveupeasily.
He,too,arrivednearCalaisonthesamedaywithanew'Antoinette'.
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ItlookedasiftherewouldbeanexcitingraceacrosstheChannel.
Itlookedasif似乎,看起来
--Itlookedasiftherewouldbeaheavystorm.
BothplanesweregoingtotakeoffonJuly25th,butLathamfailedtogetupearlyenough.
Aftermakingashorttestflightat4,15a.m.,Bleriottoffhalfanhourlater.
makeashorttestflight做段距离试飞之后
Hisgreatflightlastedthirty-venminutes.
WhenhelandednearDover,thefirstpersontogreethimwasalocalpoliceman.
=WhenhelandednearDover,thefirstpersonwhogreetedhimwasalocalpoliceman.
LathammadeanotherattemptaweeklaterandgotwithinhalfamileofDover,buthewas
unluckyagain.
makeanotherattempt做了另一次试飞
Hinginefailedandhelandedontheaforthecondtime.
forthefirsttime/forthecondtime
Keystructures关键句型
介词和关系代词搭配的用法:(决定介词位置的四个因素)
1>在正式的用法和用于书面语中,当定语从句的关系代词是介词的宾语时,能够把可移位
的介词提前放在关系代词的前面。
--ThisisthepersonaboutwhomIwastellingyou.
--Isthisthebookforwhichyouaskedme?
2>在非正式的用法和口语当中,介词一般要放在从句的末尾。
3>有些动词+介词,合成词组被看作是不可分隔的语言单位。这个时候介词必须紧跟动词,
不可移位
--takeafter,accountfor
4>在很多情况下,介词和关系代词构成独立的介词短语,在从句中起着状语作用,与从句的
谓语动词毫无关系,不是谓语动词的一部分。这时介词始终位于关系代词之前。
--Hedescribeditwasaveryagreeablesituationlocatedwithintwosmallhills.+Inthemidstof
twosmallhills,ribeditasaveryagreeablesituationslocated
withintowsmallhillsinthemidstofwhichflowedagreatriver.
--receivedananonymousletterinwhichthewriterstatedthatRastuswasinsafe
hands.
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
1.C正确develop(vt.使显出,出现,产生)take-off(n.起飞)
2.B正确
3.B正确forcedlanding迫降properly(adv.适当地,完全地)
4.C正确序数词和不定式搭配连用
5.A正确nottill/notuntil
6.C正确有just一般用完成时
7.D正确promidvt.预示(有可能发生好的迹象)
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threaten预示…的恶兆
--Theriverofliquidrockthreatenedtosurroundhimcompletely,butTazieffmanagedtoescape
justintime.
这股岩浆威胁着要将他团团围住,但泰哲夫还是设法及时躲开了。
8.A正确
9.C正确
nofurther修饰距离(--Icanwalknofurther.我再也走不动了。)
nolonger修饰时间或长度(--Henolongerliveshere.他再也不住这了。)
nomore修饰某物(--Icaneatnomore.我再也吃不下了。)
10.D正确
--Theshiprodethewaves.这艘船漂浮在水面上。
holdwater论点或观点站得住脚
--Whatyousaiddoesn’tholdwater.你的话站不得住脚。
Watertightadj.无懈可击的,不漏水的,不透水的
--awatertightcontract.严密的合同
11.A正确
12.D正确
immenadj.修饰面积大得难以测量
grandadj.雄伟的,壮丽的,盛大的
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