2018高考题

2018年高考英语全国卷I（含答案）

（考试时间100分钟满分：120分）

第一部分、听力（略）

第二部分、阅读理解（满分40分）

第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

A

Washington,leTours

CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

Duration:3hours

Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoetheworldfamouscherry

treeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington，idewillprovideahistory

eyour

spotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear！

WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour

Duration:3hours(4miles)

JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,

ethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguideshares

tourincludesbike,helmet,cookies

andbottledwater.

CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C

Duration:3hours

MorningorAfternoon,ers

andlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,lthywaywithminimum

dgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstories

aboutPresidents，Congress,memorials,tablebikesandasmooth

tourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.

WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour

Duration:3hours(7miles)

Joinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartof

Washington,lotothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesites

ntstopsaremadeforphototakingas

cludesbike,helmet,andbottled

ersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.

ourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?

BlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

gtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.

lCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C

gtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.

llyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?

ationalpark.

nterestingstories.

fthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide？

lights.

B

GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisudtogrillingguestsonthesofaevery

morning，butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshow

topreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget。

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththe

helpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparing

recipesforunder￡GoodMorningBritainprentersays

she'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,

preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.

“WeloveMexicanchurrossoIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeaway

restaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay￡5foraportion（份），butMattmakesthemfor

26paportion,becautheyareflour,water,odycanbuy

takeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfood

ourlves.”

Theeight-partries(系列节目),Savemoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootsteps

ofITV'sSaveMoney：GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvalue

fromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouholdexpen,SusannaandMattspendtimewith

ght'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidof

mtransformsthe

family'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlesxpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

weknowaboutSusannaReid？

startedanewprogramme.

hadatightbudgetfor

herfamily.

sMattTebbutthelpSusanna

aresfoodforherkids.

tesguestfamiliesfor

her.

estheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4？

esomeadviceforthe

readers.

ebackgroundinformation.D:Introduceanewtopicfor

discussion.

nbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

ingOurDailyDiet

gWellforLess

C

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimes

eworldwasstillpopulated

byhunter-gatherers，small，tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatterns

nguageexpertsbelievethat10,000years

ago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000

languagesbetweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthopeoplestartedttlingdowntobecomefarmers,

ntcenturies,

trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadof

universalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunications

inthepastfewdecades,allhavecaudmanylanguagestodisappear,

anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish，SpanishandChineareincreasingly

takingover.

Atprent,theworldhasabout6,tributionofthe

eralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfew

languages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehotwetzoneshavelots,oftenspoken

hasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;

Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuinea

iannumber(中位数)ofspeakersismere6,000,

whichthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclotoextinction

(消亡),,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon

（eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnited

States(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneof

theemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

nweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

relargeinnumber

reclolyconnected

fthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？

ylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatprent？

6,3,2,1,200

themainideaofthetext？

guageswillbecreated.

'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.

evelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.

phydetermineslanguageevolution.

D

Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirst

sightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourold

devices(装置)’sbadnewsfortheenvironment-

andourwallets-astheoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythanthenewer

onesthatdothesamethings.

Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandher

colleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedthe

environmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife-fromwhenitsminerals

thodprovidedareadoutforhow

sweregroupedbygeneration.

Desktopcomputers，basicmobilephones,l

3players,smartphones,andLCDTVs

enteredhomesin2002，beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.

Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."The

living-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenly

oneday，youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehou,”rage

numberofelectronicdevicesrofromfourperhouholdin1992to13in2007.

We’ingto

theanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderay

tubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributionto

greenhougamissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.

Sowhat'sthesolution(解决方案)?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007，but

therearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproducts

withnewelectronicsthatrvemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforword

undthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingon

tabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.

estheauthorthinkofnewdevices?

enobetterthantheold.

outofstylequickly.

Babbitt'steamconducttherearch?

cethecostofminerals.

thelifecycleofaproduct.

teconsumersonnewtechnology.

outelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.

fthefollowingustheleastenergy?

ktop

computer.

esthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?

ethem.

第二节(共5小题：每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两

项为多余选项。

Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyou’llalwayshavein

ofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesinoneofthefirststeps

tocreatingroomsyou'antaroomthat'sfulloflife?

Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36

___,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel

Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelp

designersapproachthisimportantpoint.37，theycangetalittlecomplex.

Butgoodnewsisthatthere’rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedto

makeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.

___38__，They‘rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,

tiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlesxpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,small

colorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.

Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,

quireabiggercommitmentthan

smallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.

Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,

ryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortand

relativeexpenputintoitaresignificant.40__.

llofthemareuful

eryou'relookingfor

'reexperimentingwithacolor

olorchoicesaretheoneswe’remostfamiliarwith

'snotreallyagoodideatoutoomanysmallcolorpieces

ystobesure,becauyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttime

hoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajor

ways

第二部分、语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最

佳选项。

Duringmycondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducation

departmentwasofferinga“free”cour,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.

I41theideaoftakingtheclassbecau,afterall,whodoesn’twant

to42afewdollars?Morethanthat,I’,

evenifIweren’t43enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44was

ninternationalgrandmaster,which45Iwould

belearningfromoneofthegame’s46Icouldhardlywaitto47him.

MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningto

teach,andthis48wasnogameforhim;ntroduction,

rto50the

classamongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto51whatwe

ed

togetanAinthat53andleanedlifelessonsthathavervedmewellbeyond

the54.

TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtou

whathe55me：“theabsolutemostimportant56thatyoulearnwhenyouplay

ysinglemoveyouhaveto58asituation,

processwhatyouropponent(对手)isdoingand59thebestmovefromamongall

youroptions.”Thewordsstillringtruetodayinmy60asajournalist.

down

ctor

le

e

e

ly

ment

ion

ed

ts

l

te

or

.第二节、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslive

threeyears__61__(long)thannon-runners,Youdon'thavetorunfastorfor

long_62__(e)drink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduce

yourriskof_63__(die)earlybyrunning.

Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsays

it_64___(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife_65__walking,cyclingor

heauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin

2014__66___showedamerefiveto10minuteadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheart

diaandearlydeathsfromall__67___（cau）.

erwi...it's

dkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercis

to___68__(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunning

gischeap,easyandit'salways_69___(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,

youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,so

perhapsweshouldallgive____70_atry.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，满分35分）

.第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作

文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或

修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜

线（）划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1每处错误

及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfatherto

sttimeIwentthere,they

werelivinginasmallhouwithdogs,ducks,nterwhen

Iwenthereagain,

dpasaidlastsummertheyearned

endofourtrip，ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears,

butheagreed.

第二节书面表达(满分25分)

假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客,发邮件向你询问

有关习俗。请你回复邮件,内容包括：

1.到达时间

2.合适的礼物

3.餐桌礼仪

注意:1词数100左右；

2可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

.

温馨提醒各位高考考生：网上核对答案估分应以正规官方教育部网站发布的答案为标准！

2018年高考英语全国卷（一）试题与参考答案

（说明；此答案仅供参考）

第一部分、听力（略）

第二部分、阅读理解（共两节，每小题2分，满分40分）：

第一节（满分30分）：A篇：ADD.；B篇：BCCD；C篇：BCBC；D篇：ADBA

第二节（满分10分）：BADGF

第三部分、语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节、完形填空（每小题1.5分，满分30分）：BCADD；CBDCB；CACBA；DBADA

第二节、语法填空：（每小题1.5分分，满分15分）

;;;;;

/which;;then;tic;

/running

第四部分、作文（满分35分）

第一节、短文改错（每小题1分，满分10分）：

1.在countryside前加the；改为found；r改为other；4把

again前的.here改为there；n改为chickens;6.在which前加in或把which

改为where；改为lling；y改为改为and.

第二节、书面表达（满分25分）。

【参考范文】

DearTerry,

Howareyoudoing?Inyourlastletter,youaskedmeaboutbeingaguesttoa

Chinefriend’,Iamwritingtoinformyouofsomerelevantdetails.

Tobeginwith,accordingtoourtradition,youaresuppodtoarriveearly,so

thatyoucanhelpthefamilypreparethedinner,whichismeaningfulandinteresting.

Besides,you’dbetterbringsomegifts,’smore,

whenyouareenjoyingthemeal,youneedtoavoidmakingnoiswhilechewingfood.

Hopefully,heconfidence

thatyouwillhaveagreattime.

Bestwishes!

Yours,

LiHua