仅供个人参考
不得用于商业用途
水轮机、蓄能泵和水泵水轮机的专用中英文对照术语及简单名称解释
2一般术语
2.1水力机械hydraulicmachinery
2.2水轮机hydraulicturbine
2.3蓄能泵storagepump
2.4水泵水轮机reversibleturbine,pump-turbine
2.5旋转方向directionofrotation
2.6机组unit
2.13立式、卧式和倾斜式机组vertical,horizontalandinclinedunit
2.14可调式水力机械regulatedhydraulicmachinery
2.15不可调式水力机械non-regulatedhydraulicmachinery
2.16主阀mainvalve
3.1水轮机
3.1.1反击式水轮机reactionturbine
3.1.2混流式水轮机Francisturbine,mixed-flowturbine
3.1.3轴流式水轮机axialturbine
3.1.4轴流转桨式水轮机Kaplanturbine,axial-flowadjustablebladpropellerturbine
3.1.5轴流调桨式水轮机Thomaturbine
3.1.6轴流定桨式水轮机Propellerturbine
3.1.7贯流式水轮机tubularturbine,throughflowturbine
3.1.8灯泡式水轮机bulbturbine
3.1.9竖井贯流式水轮机pitturbine
全贯流式水轮机straightflowturbine,rim-generatorunit
轴伸贯流式水轮机(S形水轮机)tubularturbine(S-typeturbine)
斜流式水轮机diagonalturbine
斜流转桨式水轮机Deriazturbine
斜流定桨式水轮机fixedbladeofDeriazturbine
冲击式水轮机impulsturbine,actionturbine
水斗式水轮机Peltonturbine,scoopturbine
斜击式水轮机inclinedjetturbine
双击式水轮机cross-flowturbine
3.2蓄能泵
3.2.1混流式(离心式)蓄能泵centrifugalstoragepump,mixed-flowstoragepump
3.2.2轴流式蓄能泵propellerstoragepump,axialstoragepump
3.2.3斜流式蓄能泵diagonalstoragepump
3.2.4多级式蓄能泵multi-stagestoragepump
3.3水泵水轮机(又称可逆式水轮机)
3.3.1单级水泵水轮机singalstagepump-turbine
3.3.2多级水泵水轮机multi-stagepump-turbine
3.4主阀与阀门
3.4.1蝴蝶阀butterflyvalve
3.4.2平板蝶阀biplanebutterflyvalve,throughflowbutterflyvalve
3.4.3圆筒阀cylindricalvalve,ringgate
3.4.4球阀rotaryvalve,sphericalvalve
仅供个人参考
不得用于商业用途
3.4.5盘形阀mushroomvalve,hollow-conevalve,howell-Bungervalve
3.4.6针形阀needlevalve
3.4.7旁通阀by-passvalve
3.4.8直空破坏阀vacuumbreakvalve
4结构部件
4.1混流式水轮机
4.1.1埋入部件embeddedcomponent
4.1.2引水室(turbine)flume
4.1.3蜗壳spiralca
4.1.4座环stayring
4.1.5固定导叶stayvane
4.1.6蜗壳鼻端spiralcano
4.1.7基础环foundationring,dischargering
4.1.8尾水管drafttube
4.1.9锥形尾水管conicaldrafttube
肘形尾水管elbowdrafttube
尾水管锥管drafttubecone
尾水管肘管drafttubeelbow
尾水管扩散段drafttubeoutletpart
尾水管支墩drafttubepier
尾水管里衬drafttubeliner
机坑里衬pitliner
导水机构distributor
顶盖headcover,topcover
底环bottomring,bottomcover
导叶guidevane,wicketgate
控制环regulatingring,operatingring
导叶臂guidevanelever,wicketgatelever
分半键splitkey
导叶连杆guidevanelink,wicketgatelink
导叶过载保护装置guidevaneoverloadprotectiondevice
剪断销shearpin
摩擦装置frictiondevice
导叶轴承guidevanebearing
导叶止推轴承guidevanethrustbearing
导叶轴密封guidevanestemal
导叶端面密封guidevaneendal
导叶立面密封guidevaneal
抗磨板facingplates,wearplates
导叶限位块guidevanestopblock
导叶接力器guidevanervomotor
单导叶接力器individualguidevanervomotor
推拉杆pushandpullrod,connectingrod
调速轴regulatingshaft
仅供个人参考
不得用于商业用途
均压管balancepipe
转动部件rotatingcomponent
转轮runner
叶片blade
上冠crown
下环band
泄水锥runnercone
转轮密封装置runneral
转轮止漏环runnerwearingring
固定止漏环stationarywearingring
转轮减压板decompressionplate
主轴mainshaft
导轴承guidebearing
轴领guidebearingcollar
轴瓦guidebearingshoe
轴承体guidebearinghousing
主轴密封装置mainshaftal
检修密封standstillal
联轴螺栓couplingbolt
4.2轴流式水轮机和斜流式水轮机。
4.2.1转轮室runnerchamber
4.2.2内顶盖(支持盖)innerheadcover,innertopcover
4.2.3转轮体runnerhub
4.2.4转叶机构mechanismofrunnerblade
4.2.5叶片枢轴runnerbladetrunnion
4.2.6转臂(导叶臂)rockerarm
4.2.7连杆link
4.2.8操作架crosshead
4.2.9转轮叶片接力器runnerbladervomotor
协联装置combinationdevice
受油器oilhead
4.5蓄能泵
4.5.1吸水管suctiontube
4.5.2叶轮impeller
4.5.3轮叶impellerblade,impellervane
4.5.4叶轮后盖impellerbackshroud
4.5.5叶轮前盖impellerfrontshroud
4.5.6蜗室spiralhousing
4.5.7扩散管diffur
5性能参数
5.1比能
5.1.1比能specificenergy
单位质量流体所具有的机械能,是位置比能、压力比能和速度比能的总和。
5.1.2位置比能potentialenergy
仅供个人参考
不得用于商业用途
5.1.3压力比能pressureenergy
5.1.4速度比能velocityenergy
5.2水头
5.2.1位置水头potentialhead
5.2.2压力水头pressurehead
5.2.3速度水头velocityhead
5.2.4总水头head
5.2.5毛水头grosshead
5.2.6净水头nethead
5.2.7额定水头ratedhead
5.2.8设计水头designhead
5.2.9最大(最小)水头maximum(minimum)head
加权平均水头weightedaveragehead
蓄能泵扬程storagepumphead
蓄能泵零流量扬程no-dischargeheadofstoragepump
蓄能泵最大(最小)扬程maximum(minimum)headofstoragepump
5.3流量
5.3.1水轮机流量turbinedischarge,turbineflowrate
5.3.2蓄能泵流量storagepumpdischarge,storagepumpflowrate
5.3.3额定流量rateddischarge
5.3.4水轮机空载流量no-loaddischargeofturbine
5.3.5蓄能泵最大(最小)流量maximum(minmum)storagepumpdischarge
5.4转速
5.4.1额定转速ratedspeed
5.4.2水轮机飞逸转速runawayspeedofsurbine
5.4.3蓄能泵[水泵水轮机的泵工况]反向飞逸转速reverrunawayspeedofstoragepump
5.5压力
5.5.1表计压力(简称为压力)gaugepressure
5.5.2环境压力(或大气压)atmpsphericpressure
5.5.3绝对压力absolutepressure
5.5.4汽化压力vapourpressure
5.6功率
5.6.1水轮机输入功率turbineinputpower
5.6.2水轮机输出功率turbineoutputpower
5.6.3水轮机额定输出功率ratedoutputpowerofturbine
5.6.4蓄能泵的输出功率storagepumpoutputpower
5.6.5蓄能泵的输入功率storagepumpinputpower
5.6.6蓄能泵最大输入功率ratedinputpowerofstoragepump
5.6.7蓄能泵零流量功率no-dischargeinputpowerofstoragepump
5.6.8蓄能泵最小输入功率minimuminputpowerofstoragepump
5.6.9转轮输出功率outputpowerofrunner
叶轮输入功率inputpowerofimpeller
转轮输入功率inputpowerofrunner
叶轮输出功率outputpowerofimpeller
仅供个人参考
不得用于商业用途
5.7效率
5.7.1效率efficiency
5.7.2水轮机机械效率mechanicalefficiencyofturbine
5.7.3蓄能泵机械效率mechanicalefficiencyofstoragepump
5.7.4水轮机水力效率hydraulicefficiencyofturbine
5.7.5蓄能泵水力效率hydraulicefficiencyofstoragepump
5.7.6相对效率relativeefficiency
5.7.7加权(算术)平均效率weighted(arithmetic)averageefficiency
5.7.8积分平均效率planimetricaverageefficiency
5.8空化和空蚀
5.8.1空化cavitation
5.8.2空蚀cavitationerosion
5.8.3水轮机空化系数cavitationfactorofturbine,cavitationcoefficientofturbine
5.8.4蓄能泵空化系数cavitationfactorofstoragepump,cavitationcoefficientofstoragepump
5.8.5临界空化系数criticalcavitationfactor
5.8.6初生空化系数incipientcavitationfactor,cavitationinceptionfactor,initialcavitation
factor
5.8.7电站空化系数plantcavitationfactor
5.8.8吸出高度staticsuctionofturbine
5.8.9吸入高度staticsuctionofstoragepump
蓄能泵吸入扬程损失suctionheadlossofstoragepump
蓄能泵空化余量(NPSH)(蓄能泵净吸上扬程)netpositivesuctionheadofstoragepump
安装高程ttingelevation
空化裕量cavitationmargin
5.9暂态过程
5.9.1过渡过程transient
5.9.2调节保证regulatingguarantee
5.9.3水锤waterhammer
5.9.4初始压力initialpressure
5.9.5水轮机最大瞬态压力maximummomentarypressureofturbine
5.9.6瞬态压力变化率momentarypressurevariationratio
5.9.7初始转速initialspeed
5.9.8水轮机最大瞬态转速maximummomentaryoverspeedofturbine
5.9.9蓄能泵[水泵水轮机的泵工况]的最大瞬态反向转速momentarycounterrotationspeedof
storagepump[pump-conditionofpump-turbine]
瞬态转速变化率momentaryspeedvariationratio
6渗道参数
6.1转轮(叶轮)公称直径runner(impeller)diameter
6.2叶片开口bladeopening
6.3叶片正(背)面pressure(suction)sideofblade
6.4叶片进(出)水边leading(trailing)edge
6.5叶片转角bladerotatingangle
6.6叶片倾角bladetiltangle
6.7叶片安放角bladeangle
仅供个人参考
不得用于商业用途
6.8蜗壳包角noangle
6.9导叶高度guidevaneheight
6.13肘形尾水管深度depthofelbowdrafttube
6.14节圆直径pitchdiameter
6.15射流直径jetdiameter
6.16射流直径比jetratio
6.17射流入射角jetinclinedangle
6.18射流椭圆ellipdofinclinedjet(whenreachingthewheelvane)
7试验方面
7.1试验类型
7.1.1原型(机)prototype
7.1.2模型(机)model
7.1.3验收试验acceptancetest
7.1.4装配试验asmblytest
7.1.5模型试验modeltest
7.1.6性能试验performancetest
7.1.7特性试验characteristictest
7.1.8飞逸试验runawayspeedtest
7.1.9力特性试验forcecharacteristictest
负载试验loadtest
甩负荷试验loadrejectiontest
耐压试验pressuretest
效率试验efficiencytest
空化试验cavitationtest
压力脉动试验pressurefluctuationtest
补气试验airadmissiontest
水轮机功率试验turbineoutputtest
7.2运行工况
7.2.1(运行)工况operatingcondition
7.2.2最优工况optimumoperatingcondition
7.2.3飞逸工况runawayspeedoperatingcondition
7.2.4空载工况no-loadoperatingcondition
7.2.5相似工况similaroperatingcondition
7.2.6协联工况combinedcondition
7.3力特性
7.3.1力特性forcecharacter
7.3.2导叶力特性guidevaneforcecharacter
7.3.3叶片力特性bladeforcecharacter
7.3.4水推力hydraulicthrust
7.3.5径向力radialforce,lateralforce
7.4单位量
7.4.1单位转速unitspeed
7.4.2单位流量unitdischarge
7.4.3单位功率unitpower
仅供个人参考
不得用于商业用途
7.4.4单位飞逸转速unitrunawayspeed
7.4.5单位水推力unithydraulicthrust
7.4.6单位水力矩unithydraulictorque
7.4.7水轮机比转速specificspeedofturbine
7.4.8蓄能泵[水泵水轮机的泵工况]的流量比转速dischargespecificspeedofstoragepump
7.4.9最优比转速optimumspecificspeed
(水轮机)压力脉动(turbine)pressurefluctuation
7.5特性曲线
7.5.1(水轮机)综合特性曲线(turbine)efficiencyhilldiagram,combinedcharacteristiccurve
7.5.2(水轮机)运转特性曲线(turbine)performancecurve
7.5.3飞逸特性曲线runawayspeedcurve
7.5.4水泵水轮机全特性completecharacteristicsofpump-turbine
8.水力机械部件术语
Forpersonaluonlyinstudyandrearch;notforcommercialu
进人通道:accesspit
竖井通道:accessshaft
补气系统:airadmissionsystem
Forpersonaluonlyinstudyandrearch;notforcommercialu
压水系统:airdepressionsystem
通风道:airvent
轴承高压油顶起系统:bearingoilinjectionsystem
分叉管:bifurcation
叶片转臂:bladelever
叶片连杆:bladelink
叶片枢轴:bladetrunnion
制动喷嘴:brakenozzle
叉管:branchpipe
水斗:bucket
灯泡体:bulb
灯泡体支柱:bulbsupport
协联机构:cam
泄水锥:cone
推拉杆:connectingrod
反向推力轴承:counterthrustbearing
重锤:counterweight
联轴螺栓:coupingbolts
联接法兰:couplingflange
操作架:crosshead
上止漏环:crownal
分流器:cut-indeflector
折向器:deflector
扩散管:diffur
仅供个人参考
不得用于商业用途
转轮室:dischargering
导水机构:distributor
尾水管:drafttube
尾水管锥管:drafttubecone
尾水管肘管:drafttubeelbow
尾水管里衬:drafttubeliner
尾水管扩散段:drafttubeoutletpart
抗磨板:facingplates(cheekplates,wearplates)
基础环:foundationring
导叶操作机构:gateoperatingmechanism
控制环:gateoperatingring
齿轮增速箱:gearbox(speedincrear)
发电机进人孔:generatoraccesshatch
导叶限位块:guidevaneendstop
导叶连杆:guidevanelink
导叶锁锭:guidevanelock
导叶过载保护:guidevaneoverloadprotection
导叶调节装置:guidevaneregulatingapparatus
导叶轴:guidevanestem
导叶轴密封:guidevanestemal
导叶止推轴承:guidevanethrustbearing
吊物孔盖板:hatchcover
支墩:pier
支墩鼻端钢衬:piernoliner
机坑:pit
机坑里衬:pitliner
检修平台:platform
压力平衡管:pressurebalancingpipe
控制环:regulatingring
转轮室:runnerchamberring
检修密封:standstillal(maintenanceal)
直尾水管:straightdrafttube
吸入管:suctiontube
尾水补气系统:tailwaterairadmissionsystem
喉管:throatring
推力轴承:thrustbearing
推力轴承基础板:thrustbearingbaplate
推力轴承油箱:thrustbearinghousing
推力头:thrustcollar
推力轴承支架:thrustbearingsupportcone
推力瓦:thrustpad
推力瓦支撑:thrustpadsupport
镜板:thrustbearingroatingring
枢轴套筒:trunnionsleeve
仅供个人参考
不得用于商业用途
水轮机盖板:turbinecover
水轮机调速器:hydroturbinegovernor
仅供个人参考
不得用于商业用途
仅供个人用于学习、研究;不得用于商业用途。
Forpersonaluonlyinstudyandrearch;notforcommercialu.
NurfürdenpersönlichenfürStudien,Forschung,zukommerziellenZweckenverwendetwerden.
Pourl'étudeetlarechercheuniquementàdesfinspersonnelles;pasàdesfinscommerciales.
толькодлялюдей,которыеиспользуютсядляобучения,исследованийинедолжны
использоватьсявкоммерческихцелях.
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