blastfurnace

材料专业英语常见词汇（一Structure组织Ceramic陶瓷

Ductility塑性Stiffness刚度Grain晶粒

Pha相Unitcell单胞Bravaislattice布拉菲点阵

Stack堆垛Crystal晶体Metalliccrystal

structure金属性晶体点阵Non-directional无方向性

Face-centeredcubic面心立方Body-centeredcubic体心立

方Hexagonalclo-packed密排六方Copper铜Aluminum铝

Chromium铬Tungsten钨CrystallographicPlane晶

面Crystallographicdirection晶向Property性

质Millerindices米勒指数Latticeparameters点阵参数

Tetragonal四方的Hexagonal六方的Orthorhombic正交

的Rhombohedra菱方的Monoclinic单斜的Prism棱

镜Cadmium镉Coordinatesystem坐Point

defec点缺陷Lattice点

阵Vacancy空位Solidification结晶Interstitial间隙

Substitution置换Solidsolutionstrengthening固溶强化

Diffusion扩散Homogeneous均匀的Diffusion

Mechanisms扩散机制Latticedistortion点阵畸变

Self-diffusion自扩散Fick’sFirstLaw菲克第一定

律Unittime单位时间Coefficient系

数Concentrationgradient浓度梯度Dislocations位错Linear

defect线缺陷Screwdislocation螺型位错Edge

dislocation刃型位错Vector矢量Loop环路

Burgers’vector柏氏矢量Perpendicular垂直于Surface

defect面缺陷Grainboundary晶界Twin

boundary晶界Shearforce剪应力

Deformation变形Small(orlow)angelgrainboundary小角度晶界

Tiltboundary倾斜晶界Supercooled过冷的

Solidification凝固Orderingprocess有序化过程

Crystallinity结晶度Microstructure纤维组织

Term术语PhaDiagram相图Equilibrium平衡

Melt熔化Cast浇注Crystallization结

晶BinaryIsomorphousSystems二元匀晶相图Soluble溶解

PhaPrent存在相Locate确定Tie

line连接线Isotherm等温线Concentration浓度

Interction交点TheLeverLaw杠杆定律BinaryEutectic

System二元共晶相图SolvusLine溶解线

Invariant恒定Isotherm恒温线Cast

Iron铸铁Ferrite珠光体Polymorphic

transformation多晶体转变Austenite奥氏体

Revert回复Intermediatecompound中间化合物

Cementite渗碳体Vertical垂线Nonmagnetic无磁性的

Solubility溶解度Brittle易脆的Eutectic共晶

Eutectoidinvariantpoint共析点Phatransformation相变

Allotropic同素异形体Recrystallization再结晶

Metastable亚稳的Martensitictransformation马氏体

转变Lamellae薄片Simultaneously同时存在

Pearlite珠光体Ductile可塑的

Mechanically机械性能Hypoeutectoid过共析的

Particle颗粒Matrix基体Proeutectoid先共

析Hypereutectoid亚共析的Bainite贝氏体

Martensite马氏体Linearity线性的Stress-strain

curve应力-应变曲线Proportionallimit比例极限Tensile

strength抗拉强度Ductility延展性Percentreductionin

area断面收缩率Hardness硬度Modulusof

Elasticity弹性模量Tolerance公差Rub摩擦

Wear磨损Corrosionresistance抗腐蚀性Aluminum铝

Zinc锌Ironore铁矿Blastfurnace高炉

Coke焦炭Limestone石灰石Slag熔渣Pig

iron生铁Ladle钢水包Silicon硅

Sulphur硫Wrought可锻的Graphite石墨

Flaky片状Low-carbonsteels低碳钢Ca

hardening表面硬化Medium-carbonsteels中碳钢

Electrode电极Asarule通常Preheating预热

Quench淬火Body-centeredlattice体心晶格

Carbide碳化物Hypereutectoid过共晶

Chromium铬Mangane锰Molybdenum钼

Titanium钛Cobalt钴

Tungsten钨Vanadium钒Pearlitic

microstructure珠光体组织Martensiticmicrostructure马氏体组

织Viscosity粘性Wrought锻造的

Magnesium镁Flake片状Malleable可锻的

Nodular球状Spheroidal球状Superiorproperty优越性

Galvanization镀锌Versatile通用的Batterygrid电极

板Calcium钙Tin锡

Toxicity毒性Refractory耐火的

Platinum铂Polymer聚合物

Composite混合物Erosive腐蚀性

Inert惰性Thermochemically热化学

Generator发电机Flaw缺陷Variability易变

的Annealing退火Tempering回火

Texture织构Kinetic动力学

Peculiarity特性Criticalpoint临界点

Dispersity弥散程度Spontaneous自发的Inherent

grain本质晶粒Toughness韧性

Rupture断裂Kineticcurveoftransformation转变动力学曲

线Incubationperiod孕育期Sorbite索

氏体Troostite屈氏体Disper弥散的

Granular颗粒状Metallurgical冶金学的

Precipitation析出Depletion减少

Quasi-eutectoid伪共析Superposition重叠

Superde代替Dilatometric膨胀

Unstable不稳定Supersaturate使过饱和

Tetragonality正方度Shear切变

Displacement位移Irreversible不可逆的金属材料工程专业

英语acid-baequilibrium酸碱平衡acid-baindicator酸碱指示剂acidbath酸槽

acid（Besmer）converter酸性转炉acidbrick酸性耐火砖acidbrittleness酸洗脆

性、氢脆性acidburden酸性炉料acidclay酸性粘土acidcleaning（同pickling）酸

洗acidconcentration酸浓度acidconverter酸性转炉acidconvertersteel酸性转

炉钢acidcontent酸含量acidcorrosion酸腐蚀aciddeficient弱酸的、酸不足的acid

dip酸浸aciddippickler(沉浸式)酸洗装置acid（dip）tank酸液（浸洗）槽acid

draintank排酸槽acidlessdescaling无酸除鳞acidmedium酸性介质acidmist酸雾

acid-proofpaint耐酸涂料（漆）acid-proofsteel耐酸钢acid-resistant耐酸钢

acid-resistingvesl耐酸槽acidstrength酸浓度acidsupplypump供酸泵acidwash

酸洗acidvalue酸值acidwashsolution酸洗液acieration渗碳、增碳AcmpointAcm

转变点（渗碳体析出温度）acornnut螺母、螺帽acousticabsorptioncoefficient声吸

收系数acousticsusceptance声纳actifier再生器actionline作用线actionspot作

用点activatedatom激活原子activatedbath活化槽activatedcarbon活性碳activating

treatment活化处理activecorrosion活性腐蚀、强烈腐蚀activearea有效面积active

power有功功率、有效功率activeproduct放射性产物activeresistance有效电阻、纯

电阻activerollgap轧辊的有效（或工作）开口度activestate活性状态activesurface

有效（表）面activitycoefficient激活系数、活度系数actualdiameter（钢丝绳）实

际直径actualefficiency实际效率actualerror实际误差actualtime实时actual

workingstress实际加工应力actuatingdevice调节装置、传动装置、起动装置actuating

lever驱动杆、起动杆actuatingmechanism动作机构、执行机构actuatingmotor驱动

电动机、伺服电动机actuatingpressure作用压力actuationshaft起动轴actuator调

节器、传动装置、执行机构acuteangle锐角adaptivefeedbackcontrol自适应反馈控

制adaptiveoptimization自适应最优化adaptor接头、接合器、连结装置、转接器、附

件

材料科学基础专业词汇:第一章晶体结构

原子质量单位Atomicmassunit(amu)原子数Atomicnumber原子量Atomicweight

波尔原子模型Bohratomicmodel键能Bondingenergy库仑力Coulombicforce

共价键Covalentbond分子的构型molecularconfiguration

电子构型

electronicconfiguration负电的Electronegative正电的Electropositive

基态Groundstate氢键Hydrogenbond离子键Ionicbond同位素Isotope

金属键Metallicbond摩尔Mole分子Molecule泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusion

principle

元素周期表Periodictable原子atom分子molecule分子量moleculeweight

极性分子Polarmolecule量子数quantumnumber价电子valenceelectron

范德华键vanderwaalsbond电子轨道electronorbitals点群pointgroup

对称要素symmetryelements各向异性anisotropy原子堆积因数atomicpacking

factor(APF)

体心立方结构body-centeredcubic(BCC)面心立方结构face-centeredcubic(FCC)

布拉格定律bragg’slaw配位数coordinationnumber晶体结构crystalstructure

晶系crystalsystem晶体的crystalline衍射diffraction中子衍射neutron

diffraction

电子衍射electrondiffraction晶界grainboundary六方密堆积hexagonal

clo-packed(HCP)

鲍林规则Pauling’srulesNaCl型结构NaCl-typestructure

CsCl型结构

CaesiumChloridestructure闪锌矿型结构Blende-typestructure

纤锌矿型结构Wurtzitestructure金红石型结构Rutilestructure

萤石型结构Fluoritestructure钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-typestructure

尖晶石型结构Spinel-typestructure硅酸盐结构Structureofsilicates

岛状结构Islandstructure链状结构Chainstructure层状结构Layerstructure

架状结构Frameworkstructure滑石talc叶蜡石pyrophyllite高岭石kaolinite

石英quartz长石feldspar美橄榄石forsterite各向同性的isotropic各向异性的

anisotropy

晶格lattice晶格参数latticeparameters密勒指数millerindices非结晶的

noncrystalline

多晶的polycrystalline多晶形polymorphism单晶singlecrystal晶胞unitcell

电位electronstates(化合)价valence电子electrons共价键covalentbonding

金属键metallicbonding离子键Ionicbonding极性分子polarmolecules

原子面密度atomicplanardensity衍射角diffractionangle合金alloy

粒度,晶粒大小grainsize显微结构microstructure显微照相photomicrograph

扫描电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)

透射电子显微镜transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)重量百分数weightpercent

四方的tetragonal单斜的monoclinic配位数coordinationnumber

材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷

缺陷defect,imperfection点缺陷pointdefect线缺陷linedefect,dislocation

面缺陷interfacedefect体缺陷volumedefect位错排列dislocationarrangement

位错线dislocationline刃位错edgedislocation螺位错screwdislocation

混合位错mixeddislocation晶界grainboundaries大角度晶界high-anglegrain

boundaries

小角度晶界tiltboundary,孪晶界twinboundaries位错阵列dislocationarray

位错气团dislocationatmosphere位错轴dislocationaxis位错胞dislocationcell

位错爬移dislocationclimb位错聚结dislocationcoalescence位错滑移

dislocationslip

位错核心能量dislocationcoreenergy位错裂纹dislocationcrack

位错阻尼dislocationdamping位错密度dislocationdensity

原子错位substitutionofawrongatom间隙原子interstitialatom

晶格空位vacantlatticesites间隙位置interstitialsites杂质impurities

弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkeldisorder肖脱基缺陷Schottkydisorder主晶相thehost

lattice

错位原子misplacedatoms缔合中心AssociatedCenters.自由电子FreeElectrons

电子空穴ElectronHoles伯格斯矢量Burgers克罗各-明克符号KrogerVinknotation

中性原子neutralatom

材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷-固溶体

固溶体solidsolution固溶度solidsolubility化合物compound

间隙固溶体interstitialsolidsolution置换固溶体substitutionalsolidsolution

金属间化合物intermetallics不混溶固溶体immisciblesolidsolution

转熔型固溶体peritecticsolidsolution有序固溶体orderedsolidsolution

无序固溶体disorderedsolidsolution固溶强化solidsolutionstrengthening

取代型固溶体Substitutionalsolidsolutions过饱和固溶体supersaturatedsolid

solution

非化学计量化合物Nonstoichiometriccompound

材料科学基础专业词汇:第三章熔体结构

熔体结构structureofmelt过冷液体supercoolingmelt玻璃态vitreousstate

软化温度softeningtemperature粘度viscosity表面张力Surfacetension

介稳态过渡相metastablepha组织constitution淬火quenching

退火的softened玻璃分相phaparationinglass体积收缩volumeshrinkage

材料科学基础专业词汇:第四章固体的表面与界面

表面surface界面interface同相界面homophaboundary

异相界面heterophaboundary晶界grainboundary表面能surfaceenergy

小角度晶界lowanglegrainboundary大角度晶界highanglegrainboundary

共格孪晶界coherenttwinboundary晶界迁移grainboundarymigration

错配度mismatch驰豫relaxation重构reconstuction表面吸附surfaceadsorption

表面能surfaceenergy倾转晶界titltgrainboundary扭转晶界twistgrainboundary

倒易密度reciprocaldensity共格界面coherentboundary半共格界面mi-coherent

boundary非共格界面noncoherentboundary界面能interfacialfreeenergy

应变能strainenergy晶体学取向关系crystallographicorientation

惯习面habitplane

材料科学基础专业词汇:第五章相图

相图phadiagrams相pha组分component组元compoonent

相律Pharule投影图Projectiondrawing浓度三角形Concentrationtriangle

冷却曲线Coolingcurve成分composition自由度freedom

相平衡phaequilibrium化学势chemicalpotential热力学thermodynamics

相律pharule吉布斯相律Gibbspharule自由能freeenergy

吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy吉布斯混合能Gibbnergyofmixing

吉布斯熵Gibbntropy吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction热力学函数thermodynamics

function

热分析thermalanalysis过冷supercooling过冷度degreeofsupercooling

杠杆定律leverrule相界phaboundary相界线phaboundaryline

相界交联phaboundarycrosslinking共轭线conjugatelines

相界有限交联phaboundarycrosslinking相界反应phaboundaryreaction

相变phachange相组成phacomposition共格相pha-coherent

金相相组织phaconstentuent相衬phacontrast相衬显微镜phacontrast

microscope

相衬显微术phacontrastmicroscopy相分布phadistribution

相平衡常数phaequilibriumconstant相平衡图phaequilibriumdiagram

相变滞后phatransitionlag相分离phagregation相序phaorder

相稳定性phastability相态phastate相稳定区phastabilerange

相变温度phatransitiontemperature相变压力phatransitionpressure

同质多晶转变polymorphictransformation同素异晶转变allotropictransformation

相平衡条件phaequilibriumconditions显微结构microstructures低共熔体

eutectoid

不混溶性immiscibility

材料科学基础专业词汇:第六章扩散

活化能activationenergy扩散通量diffusionflux浓度梯度concentrationgradient

菲克第一定律Fick’sfirstlaw菲克第二定律Fick’scondlaw相关因子

correlationfactor

稳态扩散steadystatediffusion非稳态扩散nonsteady-statediffusion

扩散系数diffusioncoefficient跳动几率jumpfrequency

填隙机制interstitalcymechanism晶界扩散grainboundarydiffusion

短路扩散short-circuitdiffusion上坡扩散uphilldiffusion下坡扩散Downhill

diffusion

互扩散系数Mutualdiffusion渗碳剂carburizing浓度梯度concentrationgradient

浓度分布曲线concentrationprofile扩散流量diffusionflux驱动力drivingforce

间隙扩散interstitialdiffusion自扩散lf-diffusion表面扩散surface

diffusion

空位扩散vacancydiffusion扩散偶diffusioncouple扩散方程diffusionequation

扩散机理diffusionmechanism扩散特性diffusionproperty无规行走Randomwalk

达肯方程Darkequation柯肯达尔效应Kirkendallequation

本征热缺陷Intrinsicthermaldefect本征扩散系数Intrinsicdiffusioncoefficient

离子电导率Ion-conductivity空位机制Vacancyconcentration

材料科学基础专业词汇:第七章相变

过冷supercooling过冷度degreeofsupercooling晶核nucleus形核nucleation

形核功nucleationenergy晶体长大crystalgrowth均匀形核homogeneousnucleation

非均匀形核heterogeneousnucleation形核率nucleationrate长大速率growthrate

热力学函数thermodynamicsfunction临界晶核criticalnucleus

临界晶核半径criticalnucleusradius枝晶偏析dendriticgregation

局部平衡localizedequilibrium平衡分配系数equilibriumdistributioncoefficient

有效分配系数effectivedistributioncoefficient成分过冷constitutional

supercooling

引领（领先）相leadingpha共晶组织eutecticstructure层状共晶体lamellar

eutectic

伪共晶pudoeutectic离异共晶divordeutectic表面等轴晶区chillzone

柱状晶区columnarzone中心等轴晶区equiaxedcrystalzone

定向凝固unidirectionalsolidification急冷技术splatcooling区域提纯zone

refining

单晶提拉法Czochralskimethod晶界形核boundarynucleation

位错形核dislocationnucleation晶核长大nucleigrowth

斯宾那多分解spinodaldecomposition有序无序转变disordered-ordertransition

马氏体相变martensitephatransformation马氏体martensite

材料科学基础专业词汇:第八、九章固相反应和烧结

固相反应solidstatereaction烧结sintering烧成fire合金alloy再结晶

Recrystallization

二次再结晶Secondaryrecrystallization成核nucleation结晶crystallization

子晶，雏晶mattedcrystal耔晶取向edorientation异质核化heterogeneous

nucleation

均匀化热处理homogenizationheattreatment铁碳合金iron-carbonalloy

渗碳体cementite铁素体ferrite奥氏体austenite共晶反应eutecticreaction

固溶处理solutionheattreatment