gladyoucame

更新时间:2022-11-27 12:43:17 阅读: 评论:0


2022年11月27日发(作者:初一英语教案)

。1

状语从句用法详解

内容提要:

一、时间状语从句

二、地点状语从句

三、方式状语从句

四、程度状语从句

五、原因状语从句

六、结果状语从句

七、目的状语从句

八、条件状语从句

九、让步状语从句

十、比较状语从句

一、时间状语从句:

1、时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导:after,before,as,

once,till,until,(ever)since,when,whenever,while,now

(that),aslongas,assoonas。如:

Now(that)you’vegrownup,youmuststopthischildish

behaviour.

Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.

。2

Comeandeuswheneveryouhavetime.

Peopledonotknowthevalueofhealthtilltheyloit.

2、有些词,如immediately,directly,instantly等,当用于as

soonas意义时,也可以引导时间状语从句,如:

IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter.

Mysistercamedirectlyshegotmymessage.

Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton.

I’lltelephoneyoudirectlyIhearthenews.

Willyoulookforitimmediatelyyougetthere?

3.某些表示时间的名词词组,如the(very)moment(=assoon

as),theminute(=assoonas),theinstant(=assoonas),

theday,theyear,themorning,everytime,eachtime,next

time,thefirsttime等,也可以引导时间状语从句,如:

I’lltellyouaboutitthemomentyoucome.

IstartedtheinstantIheardthereport.

Theinstantshesawhimsheknewhewasherbrother.

EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.

I’mgoingtoehimnexttimehecomestoShenzhen.

。3

HeleftEuropetheyearWorldWarⅡbrokeout.

HehadimpresdmethatwaythefirsttimeImethim.

IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourletter.

I’lltellhimtheminute(that)hegetshere.

4.有些关联从属连词,如nosooner…than/hardly…when/

scarcely…when/barely…when等,也能引导时间状语从句。

△如果把nosooner,hardly,scarcely,barely置于句首,它

所连带的这部分就要倒装,如:

Shehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted.

=Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted.

Theyhadhardlystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.

=Hardlyhadtheystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.

Hehadscarcelyenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.

=Scarcelyhadheenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.

。4

二、地点状语从句:

1、地点状语从句常用where,wherever来引导,如:

Wewillstaywhereyoustay.(where=intheplaceinwhich;

where既连接主句与从句,又在从句中作副词修饰谓语stay。)

IfoundmybookswhereIleftthem.

Whereverhehappenstobe,Johncanmakehimlfathome.

Hewillworkwhereverthepeopleneedhim.

Letmegowherever(=toanyplacetowhich)theylike(togo).

2、有时,-where构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句,如:

Everywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived/warmly

welcomed.

We’llgoanywherethePartydirectsus.

。5

三、方式状语从句:

1、方式状语从句通常由as,asif,asthough来引导,如:

YoumustdotheexercisasIshowyou.

Pleadoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.

Itlooksasifitmightsnow/isgoingtosnow.

Heactedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.

Hewalkedasifhewas/weredrunk.

Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadn’tgrownup.

2、在非正式文体或口语中,也可用theway(that)(=as=inthe

wayinwhich),how,like等来引导,如:

Jeandoesn’tdoitthewayIdo.

SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone.

Youcandothejobhowyoulike.

Thelandlordwaswatchinghimlike(=justas)acatwatches

amou.

Doyoumakebreadlikeyoumakecakes?

。6

like作连词的用法补充说明:

1).Conjunction(informal)(非正式):inthesamewaythat;as

同…一样,如

Peoplewhochangecountriesliketheychangeclothes.

换国籍像换衣服一样的人。

2).asthough;asif好像,如同

IfeltlikeI'dbeenkickedbyacamel.我觉得好像被骆驼踢了

似的。

四、程度状语从句:

程度状语从句可用tosuchanextentthat…/tosuchadegree

that…,tothedegree/extentthat,insofaras(“在…

的范围内”)等来引导,如:

Thetemperaturerotosuchanextentthatthefiremenhadto

leavetheburningbuilding.

Thetemperatureloweredtosuchadegreethatthewaterfroze.

试比较:

Thetemperaturerosohighthatthefiremenhadtoleavethe

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burningbuilding.

Thetemperatureloweredsomuchthatthewaterfroze.

从以上例句可以看出,程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引

出的结果,所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。

Atthattimepoliticianswerenotknowntothedegreethatthey

aretoday.那时政治家们并不像今天这样为人所知晓。

I'llhelpyouinsofarasIcan.我会尽我所能帮助你。

五、原因状语从句:

1、引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是becau,since,和as,所

引导的从句可以放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后。其中becau语

势最强,since次之,as又次之。

△becau通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道

的,全句强调的重点在原因上,不在主句表示的结果上。回答why

提出的问题时,只能用becau;在强调句型中也只能用becau从

句,不能用since,as等,如:

BecauIcan’teverywell,Ihavetositnearthefront.

。8

Itwasbecauhewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.

Itwasbecauhewasillthathedidn’tcome.

△since和as引导的句子,重点在主句的内容,其原因或理由在说

话人看来已很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,since和as只是一种附

带的说明原因,不是对原因进行强调,如:

Asheisworkinghard,heislikelytosucceed.

Sincehecan’tanswerthequestion,you’dbetterasksomeone

el.

As/Sincehewasnotathome,Ispoketohisbrother.

Sinceyouinsist,Iwillreconsiderthematter.

Ashewasinahurry,helefthisbagathome.

△for是并列连词,它引导的句子只能后置。表示因果关系时,可

以和becau换用;但当它用于对主句的内容加以解释或推断时,

不能用becau代替,如:

Hecouldn’thaveenme,becau/forIwasnothere.

Thegroundiswet,for/becauitrainedlastnight.

Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.

△becau之前可以加上simply,only,just等强调词,如:

。9

Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausomepeoplespeakillof

you.

2、复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句,这些连词有:now(that),

eing(that),considering(that),forthereasonthat,by

reasonthat,forfearthat,that等,如:

Now(that)(=Since)youmentionit,Idoremember.

Now(that)heisabnt,you’llhavetodotheworkbyyourlf.

Now(=Since)therainhasstopped,let’sstart.

Seeing(that)alltheguestshavearrived,let’shavedinner.

Shedidn’tgoforfearthatshewouldgetlost.

Hehasdoneverywell,considering(that)hehasnoexperience.

Ihaven’tfinishedwritingthereportyet,notthat(=not

becau)Idislikethework,butthat(=butbecau)Ihave

nottime.

Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquite

agoodjob.

3、在“主语+be+形容词+that”句型中,主语通常是人,形容

词通常为:glad,happy,plead,sorry等表示感情的形容词,

这时that可以看作原因状语从句,如:

。10

Wearegladthat(=becau)wehavereapedanotherbumper

harvest.

I’mglad(that)youareallright.

Wearesurethatourteamwillwin.

I’mpleadthatyouhavedecidedtocome.

六、结果状语从句

结果状语从句往往放在主句之后,通常主句是因,从句是果,这和原

因状语从句刚好相反,例如:

Hewasill,sothathedidn’tcome.

Hedidn’tcomebecauhewasill.

1、结果状语从句通常用下列连词引导:so…that,such(a)…that,

suchthat,sothat,that等,例如:

Hewassoangrythathelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.

ThebookiswritteninsuchsimpleEnglishthatwebeginners

canunderstanditwithoutmuchdifficulty.

Itwassuchabadaccidentthatveralpeoplegotinjured.

Hisdiligencewassuchthathemadegreatprogress.

。11

Hedidn’tplanhistimewell,sothathedidn’tfinishthework

intime.

Sheworriedsothatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.

WhathaveIdonethatyoushouldbesoangrywithme?

2、应注意的几个问题:

①在非正式文体中,由so…that,such(a)…that引导的结果状

语从句,往往可以省略连词that,这时,从句之前往往用逗号与主

句隔开,在口语中则用停顿表示省略。

Hewassotired(,)(that)hecouldhardlystand.

Peterissuchagoodboy(,)(that)heislovedbyeverybody.

Youwalksofast(that)Ican’tkeeppacewithyou.

Weleftinsuchahurry(that)weforgottolockthedoor.

Hewassorude(that)sherefudtospeaktohim.

②当so修饰动词时,后面应稍停顿,如:

HisheartbeatsoΔthathecouldhardlybreathe.

SheworriedsoΔthatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.

③当so位于句首时,主句的语序应倒装,如:

Sobadlywasheinjuredthathehadtogotothehospital.

SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyeit.

。12

七、目的状语从句

1、目的状语从句通常使用的连词有:sothat,inorderthat,that,

so。否定的句式常用lest,inca,forfearthat来引导。

△目的状语从句中一般要有can,may,could,might,will,would,

should等情态动词,如:

Bringitclor(so)thatImayeitbetter.

IputdownhisaddressforfearthatIshouldforgetit.

Theteachermustspeakclearlysothathisstudentscan/may

understandwell.

We’llsitnearerthefrontsowecanhearbetter.(非正式或

口语)

。13

Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit(should)

gowrongontheway.

PlearemindmeofitagaintomorrowincaIforget.

Takeanumbrellawithyou,inca(=forfearthat)itrains

/itmayrain/itshouldrain.

Heleftearlyincaheshouldmissthetrain.

2、sothat/so既可以引导目的状语从句,又可以引导结果状语从

句,其区别可以根据上下文的意义来判断,也可以从其结构上来判断。

①凡在讲话时,sothat/so从句之前有停顿,在文字中sothat/

so从句之前有逗号,则为结果状语从句,否则为目的状语从句,如:

Weallarrivedateight,so(that)themeetingbeganpromptly.

(结果状语从句)

We’llcomeateightso(that)themeetingcanbeginearly.(目

的状语从句)

②有时,由sothat或so引导的结果状语从句之前并没有逗号,

这时,就要看从句中有没有can,may,could,might,will,would,

should等情态动词,如果有,多半是目的状语从句,如果没有,多

半是结果状语从句,如:

。14

IamgoingtothelectureearlysothatI’llgetagoodat.

(目的状语从句)

IwenttothelectureearlysothatIgotagoodat.(结果

状语从句)

③目的状语从句可以移至句首,而结果状语从句不能前移,如:

Sothathecouldbeheardineveryroom,Johnspokethrougha

microphone.(目的状语从句)

Johnspokethroughamicrophonesothathewasheardinevery

room.(结果状语从句)

八、条件状语从句

1、条件状语从句通常用下列连词引导:if,unless,supposing(that)

(仅在问句中使用),suppo(that),inca,so/aslongas,

sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that)等,例如:

Incahecomes,letmeknow.

Youcangoout,as/solongasyoupromitobebackbefore

eleven.

Iwillcomeagaintomorrowprovided(that)Ihavetime.(=if)

Supposing(that)itrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?(=if)

Unlessyoutellhimyourlf,he’lllofaithinyou

completely.

。15

We’llletyouutheroomonconditionthat/providedthat

youkeepitcleanandtidy.

2、有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句,祈使句后面要搭配and,如:

Cometomorrow,andIwilltellyou.

(=Ifyoucometomorrow,Iwilltellyou.)

Givehimaninchandhe’lltakeamile.

(=Ifyougivehimaninch,he’lltakeamile.)

注:当表示否定的条件时,可用连词or或otherwi,如:

Hurryup,or(el)you’llbelate.

Makeupyourmind,oryou’llmissthechance.

Startatonce,or/otherwiyou’llmissthetrain.

(=Ifyoudon’tstartatonce,you’llmissthetrain.)

(=Unlessyoustartatonce,you’llmissthetrain.)

3、ifonly是if的强调式,通常表示说话人强烈的愿望,“但愿,真

希望”,如:

Ifonlyitclearsup,we’llgo.

Ifonlysomebodyhadtoldus,wecouldhavewarnedyou.

如果有人告诉了我们,我们就会让你提防的。

。16

注:ifonly引导的状语从句有时可以不依附于主句而独立存在,表

示说话人的希望、愿望或遗憾等心情,如:

Ifonlyhecomesintime.(=Ihopehewillcomeintime.)

Ifonlyhedidn’tdrivesofast.(=Iwishhedidn’tdriveso

fast.)

IfonlyIhadn’tbeenlateforwork.

(=IwishIhadn’tbeenlateforwork.)

4、在真实条件句中,从句动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间,主

句通常带有情态动词,如:

Ifyoumove,I’llshootyou.

IfIpressthisbutton,whatwillhappen?

Ifyoucome,youcaneit.

Ifyoufinishearly,youmaygo.

注①当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时,动词用现在完

成时或现在进行时,如:

IwillreturnthebookonMondayifIhavereadit.

Thepolicewon’ttakeyourcarawayifyouaresittinginit.

注②如果从句表示现在的意图、意愿、决心等,则可以用will/

。17

shall,如:

Ifyouwillreadthebook,I’llletyouhaveit.

Ifyouwillhelpme,wecanfinishbysix.

Ifyouwillgiveupsmoking/drinking,yourhealthwill

improve.

5、有一种条件句,其从句动词不管主语的人称和数如何,一律用

“should+不定式”,主句动词可根据意义需要采取不同形式,如:

Ifheshouldhearofyourmarriage,hewouldbesurprid.

Ifyoushouldhearthenews,plealetusknow.

Ifyoushouldbeinterested,I’lltellyouthewholestory.

Ifitshouldrain,wehadbetterstayindoors.

Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldtellhimeverything.

注:在正式文体中,可用shouldI(we,youetc)代替IfI(we,

youetc.)should…,如:

ShouldIbefreetomorrow,Iwillcome.

ShouldyoueMike,willyouaskhimtoringmeup?

Shouldyouemymother,tellherIamquitewell.

6、非真实条件句:

①当从句表示与现在事实相反的条件时,从句动词用一般过去时或

were型虚拟式,主句动词用would/should/could/might+不

。18

定式,如:

IfIwereyou,Ishouldconsultadoctor.

IfIlivedinthetwenty-firstcentury,mylifemightbe

differentinanumberofways.

②当从句表示与过去事实相反的条件时,从句动词用过去完成时,

主句动词用would/should/could/might+不定式完成式,如:

Ifhehadtriedhardlastterm,hewouldhavesucceeded.

Ifhehadtakenhisdoctor’sadvice,hemightnothavedied.

③当从句表示将来不大可能实现的条件时,从句动词用一般过去时

或were/wasto+不定式,主句动词用would/should/could/

might+不定式,如:

Whatwouldyoudoifitsnowedtomorrow?

Hewouldn’tdoitunlessyouweretoorderhimto.

④在正式文体中可用“were+主语”等倒装结构代替“if+主语+

were”等结构;“had+主语+ed分词”代替“if+主语+had+ed

分词”结构,如:

WereIinyourplace,Iwouldbeveryworried.

WereJohntogototheuniversity,hewouldhavetoworkhard.

Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful,hisshipwouldnothavebeen

sunk.

。19

Haditnotbeenfortheexpen,IshouldhavegonetoItaly.

7、unless与if…not的用法比较:

Ifyoudon’tstartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.

Unlessyoustartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.

unless在意义上相当于if…not,在有些场合两者可以交替使

用,但在有些场合又不可以互换,以下是不可互换的情况:

①当if…not引导非真实条件状语从句时,一般不可以改用unless,

例如:

Ifsheweren’tsosilly,shewouldunderstand.(事实上她很傻,

改成Unlesssheweresosilly…含义为她不傻)

IfIhadn’tstoppedher,shewouldhavejumpedintotheriver.

(事实上我阻止了她,改成UnlessIhadstoppedher…含义为我没

有阻止她。)

②unless表示除外的唯一条件,因此通常不能用and连接两个

unless从句,而if…not则不受此限,如:

Shewon’tloweightifshedoesnotkeepadietandifshe

doesnottakeexerciveryday.

Shewon’tloweightunlessshekeepsadietandtakexercis

。20

everyday.

(不说:unlessshekeepsadietandunlessshetakexercis

everyday.)

③unless从句中可用否定词,而if…not从句中不可再加否定

词,因此在unless引导的否定从句中,不可用if…not代替

unless,如:

Iwillgounlessnooneeldoes.

Iwillgoifnooneeldoesn’t.×

Don’taskmetoexplainunlessyoureallydon’tunderstand.

Don’taskmetoexplainifyoureallynotdon’tunderstand.×

④在if…not从句中通常用非肯定词,而在unless引导的肯定形

式的条件从句中,通常用肯定词,而不用非肯定词,如:

Iwillbeveryangryifyouhaven’tspokentoheryet.

Iwillbeveryangryunlessyouhavealreadyspokentoher.

九、让步状语从句

1.引导让步状语从句的主要连词有although,though,as,even

though/if等。

Heisunhappythoughhehasalotofmoney.

虽然他很有钱,但他不快乐。

。21

Theywillstandbyyouevenifyoufail.

即使你没成功,他们也会支持你。

注意:although/though不可与but连用,但可与yet,still等连

用。例如。

Thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.

虽然雨下得很大,但他们仍然继续踢足球。

引导让步状语从句时,需倒装,从句中的表语和状语或动词原

形要置于句首;though引导时,倒装或不倒装皆可。如表语是名词,

不可加冠词;若动词原形前置,从句要有may或might。例如:

Childasheis,heknowsalot.尽管是个孩子,他却懂得很多。

Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.

不管怎么努力,他还是找不到工作。

和while也可引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”。例如:

Whiletheyaremyneighbors,Idonotknowthemwell.

虽然他们是我的邻居,但我并不很熟悉他们。

r…or…可引导让步状语从句,意为:不管是……还是……,

不论是否……。例如:

。22

Youwillhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryouarefreeor

busy.不管你忙不忙,你都要参加这个典礼。

er,whoever,whichever,however,when-ever,wherever

等与nomatterwhat/who/which…等也可引导让步状语从句,意

为“不管……,不论……”。

Whatever/Nomatterwhatyousay,hewillnotbelieveyou.

不论你说什么,他都不会相信你。

5)其它引导短语:granted/grantingthat,admitting(that),in

spiteof/despitethefactthat

Granted(假定;就算)thathehanoughmoneytobuythehou,

itdoesn’tmeanhe’sgoingtodoso.

Hewentoutinspiteofthefactthathehadabadcold.

十、比较状语从句

比较状语从句一般由从属连词as或than来引导,这种从句常采用省

略句的句型,如:

Heworkedasfastasaskilledworker.

Theprojectwascompletedearlierthanwehadexpected.

。23

Heisasyoungasyou(areyoung).

Pleacomeassoonas(itis)possible.

区别:Weknowyoubetterthanhe(knowsyou).

Weknowyoubetterthan(weknow)him.

注①在否定句中,用as…as或so…as均可,但后者语气更强调,

如:

Heisnotas/soyoungasyou.

注②the…the…句型也是比较状语从句的一种,例如:

Theharderwework,thebetterweshallrvethepeople.

其中the为连接副词,既起连接作用,又修饰后面的副词。

注意省略:

Thesoonerhecomes,thebetter(itwillbe).

Thehighertheground(is),thecoolertheair(willbe).

十一、asfaras或sofaras可以引导状语从句,

有些语法书将其称之为“限制状语从句”。

asfaras/Sofaras表示“在……的范围内”,引导限制状语从句。

多用于下列结构:asfaras/sofarasIknow(据我所知),

asfaras/sofarasIcane,

。24

asfaras/sofarasI’mconcerned(依我看)。

例如:

Asfaras/SofarasIknow,thecouplehavebeenabroadfor

aboutfiveyears.据我所知,这对夫妇已经出国约五年了。

There’sonlyonethingtobedonenow,asfarasIcane.

依我看。现在只有一件事情要做。

Asfaras/SofarasIcane,thisisathorny(棘手的)problem.

。25

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