定语从句例句

定语从句详解例句

集团标准化工作小组[Q8QX9QT-X8QQB8Q8-NQ8QJ8-M8QMN]

AttributiveClau定语从句

一、定义

定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句。换句话说，名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。

关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

1关系代词：在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分

2关系副词：在定语从句中担任状语成分

关系词3个功能：

1.连接功能（连接先行词与定语从句）；

2.担任功能（在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语）；

3.替代功能（在定语从句中代替先行词）。

关系代词在定语从句中充当

主语的是：who,that,which,as

宾语的是：who,whom,that,which,as

定语的是：who,which

先行词是人时，关系代词是：who,whom,that,as

先行词是物时，关系代词是：which,that,who,as

关系副词有：when(先行词为时间),where(先行词为地点),why(先行词为原因)

关系副词=介词+which/whom

定语从句分为两种：限制性与非限制性。先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性；有

逗号隔开则为非限制性，且一般由which引导。

唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as引导。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

指人，在从句中做主语

(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.

指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1)heperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.

(2)justtheboywhomIwanttoe.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.

指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.

(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.

指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语

或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearris

onemillion.

(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning

通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，有从属关系。

(1)Hehasafriendwhofatherisadoctor.

(2)Ioncelivedinahouwhoroofhasfallenin.

who指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3)Theclassroomwhodoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(5)Doyoulikethebookwhocoverisyellow

(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow

三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.

(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.

(5)We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalked

about.

(6)We’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.

注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,take

careof等

(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)

(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)

2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用

which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用who

(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)

(2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F)

(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)

(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)

3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few

等代词或者数词

(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.

(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.

(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombig

cities.

四、关系副词引导的定语从句

指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.

(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.

指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

(2)ThehouwhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

(1)Pleatellmethereasonwhyyoumisdtheplane.

(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.

注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefudtheinvitationisnotclear,

(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhat

hewantedwhenhegrewup.

(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereIwasborn.

难点分析

（一）只能用that不用which

1．当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,

little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much

等修饰时

(1)aid

(2)Thereemstobenothingthatemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.

(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4)Anymanthat/whohasanofdutywon’tdosuchathing.

2.当先行词被序数词修饰

(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.

3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveen.

4.当形容词被thevery,theonly,thelast修饰时

(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,

(2)Afterthefireinhishou,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.

5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时

(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere

(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost

6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned

只能用which,who,whom不用that

1.关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，不用that；要用whom，不用who。

2.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which,who,whom,不用that，也不能省略。

（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：

1．as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.

(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecane.

引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主

句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正

像……”的意思

(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanefromhisaccent.

(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.

(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanveraltimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.

注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which

(5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.

3.当先行次由such,thesame修饰时，常用as

(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.

(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.

注意：当先行次由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导

的定语从句意思不同

(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.

她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.

她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

（三）以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导，而且通常可以省

略。

(1)Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.

（四）but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

(1)Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon’t)

（五）区分定语从句和同位语从句

1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，

是补充说明的关系

(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句

(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位语从句

2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同

位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,

why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分

(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.

(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.

(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.

定语

(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.

3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以

(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.

(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.

(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.同位语

(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.