2012年考研英语真题

英语二真题：

Section1UofEninglish

Directions:

mindlesswar

toy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’snothowit

enandwomenwho1)inWorldWarIIandthepeople

theyliberated,2)mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkid

tornawayfromhishome,theguywho3)alltheburdensofbattle,who

sleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe4)offoodandshelter,who

snota

volunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,5)anaverageguy,up6)the

besttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesenin

centuries.

amilitaryabbreviation7)Government

Issue,anditwasonallofthearticle8)?Acommon

nameforaguywhonever9)w,JoeMagrac„aworking

tedStateshas10)hadapresidentorvicepresidentor

cretaryofstateJoe.

a(11)careerfightingGerman,Japane,andKoreantroops.

Heappersasacharacter,ora(12)ofamericanpersonalities,inthe

,badonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondent

thesoldiersPyle(13)portraydethemlvesinthefilm.

Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe(14)sideofthewarl,writingaboutthe

dirt-snow–and-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymileswere(15)orwhattowns

werecapturedorliberated,Hisreports(16)the“willie”cartoonsof

n(17)thedirtand

exhaustionofwar,the(18)ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwith

eachotherandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.

(19)Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,anyAmerican

soldier,(20)themostimportantpersonintheirlives.

1.[A]performed[B]rved[C]rebelled[D]betrayed

2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal

3.[A]bore[B]cad[C]removed[D]loaded

4.[A]necessities[B]facilitice[C]commodities[D]propertoes

5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence

6.[A]for[B]into[C]form[D]against

7.[A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming

8.[A]handedout[B]turnover[C]broughtback[D]pasddown

9.[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed

10.[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither

11.[A]disguid[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished

12.[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony

13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned

14.[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human

15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained

16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted

17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired

18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advancea

19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond

20.[A]onthecontrary[B]bythismeans[C]fromtheoutt[D]atthat

point

SectionIIResdiongComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionaftereachtext

bychoosingA,B,uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmany

parents,

districtsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,are

unately,L.A.

Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththe

exceptionofsomeadvancedcours,homeworkmaynolongercountformore

than10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.

Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfrom

impoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.

nly,nohomeworkshould

thedistrictisntiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheir

homeworkbecauofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclo

totheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.

Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatof

schooling:

withhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscan

easilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandeveylittledifferenceontheir

udentsmightdowellonstatetestswithout

completingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwell

onthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossiblethatthehomework

herthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfor

theirstudents,thepolicyimposaflat,across-the-boardrule.

Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressnoneofthetrulythorny

istrictfindshomeworktobeunimportant

toitsstudents’academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceor

eliminatetheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.

Converly,ifhomeworkdoesnothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudents

arenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.

Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,which

isresponsibleforttingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterand

dtodo

homeworkright.

pliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework_____.

[A]isreceivingmorecriticism

[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual

[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcours

[D]isgainingmorepreferences

dhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecaupoor

students_____.

[A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation

[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard

[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework

[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework

ingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatit

may____.

[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework

[B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards

[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests

[D]restrictteachers'powerineducation

ionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabout

homeworkiswhether______.[A]itshouldbeeliminated

[B]itcountsmuchinschooling

[C]itplacextraburdensonteachers

[D]itisimportantforgrades

bletitleforthistextcouldbe______.

[A]WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy

[B]AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents

[C]ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework

[D]AFaultyApproachtoHomework

Text2

Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememerbeingsoobsdwiththe

colour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’tthat

pinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,

thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmly

fusgirls’prentsthatconnection,

evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutas

garound,Idespairedatthesingularlack

ofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.

Girls’attractiontopinkmayemunavoidable,somehowencodedin

theirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorof

AmericanStudies,enwerenotcolour-codedatalluntil

theearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesall

babiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgetting

’smore,bothboysandgirlswore

rrycolourswere

introduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,a

pastelversionofred,,withits

intimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolid

otuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandx

differencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpink

fullycameintoitsown,

whenitbegantoeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefined

themasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.

Ihadnotrealidhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedour

perceptionofwhatisnaturaltokins,includingourcorebeliefsabout

edthatpha

wassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofrearchintochildren’s

behaviour:ut,acdordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianof

childhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularidasamarketingtrickbyclothing

manufacrurersinthe1930s.

Tradepublicationscounlleddepartmentstoresthat,inorderto

increasales,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”between

infantwearandolderkids’nlyafter“toddler”became

acommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepted

ingkids,oradults,intoever-tinier

ofthe

easiestwaystogmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences–or

inventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.

ng"itis...therainbow"(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeans

pink______.

[A]shouldnotbethesolereprentationofgirlhood

[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence

[C]cannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination

[D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests

ingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueof

colours?

[A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA.

[B]Blueudtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.

[C]Pinkudtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.

[D]Whiteispreferedbybabies.

horsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren's

psychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluencedby_____.

[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren

[B]theobrvationofchildren'snature

[C]rearchesintochildren'sbehavior

[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption

earnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvid

to_____.

[A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes

[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders

[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups

[D]createsomecommonshoppers'terms

econcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkemstobe____.

[A]clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency

[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers

[C]mainlyimpodbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen

[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexperts

Text3

aljudgeshookAmerica'iesh

adwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%

arch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpa

technologyIndustryOrga

nisation(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminary

step”inalongerbattle.

OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,alappealscourtove

rturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatent

stotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'efexecuti

veofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatients

alike.

Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalidmedicine,thecourtswi

iadcaitlfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethr

eemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotb

epatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents'

monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad'ngnumber

arafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogen

bertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadca,a

rguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessaproductofnature...thanareco

ttonfibresthathavebeenparatedfromcottoneds.”

Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,m

ple,itisunclearwhetherthequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsof

emayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.

AStheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreater

iesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNA

re

nowstudyinghowgenesintcract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbe

udtodeterminethecausofdiaorpredictadrug’s

efficacy,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor‘connectingthe

dits’,expaainshanssauer,alawyerfortheBIO.

Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,

broughtbytheMayoClinic,whichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsnext

rtcentlyheldaconventionwhichincludedddionstocoach

etingwaspacked.

elearnedfromparagraphIthatthebiotechcompanieswould

like-----

xecutivestobeactive

toruleoutgenepatenting

obepatcntablc

toissueawarning

hoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat----

ctestsarenotreliable

n-madeproductsarepatentable

songenesdependmuchoninnovatiaon

shouldrestrictaccesstogenetictests

ingtohanssauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor----

ishingdiacomelations

eringgeneinteractions

gpicturesofgenes

fyinghumanDNA

ng“eachmeetingwaspacked”(line4,para6)theauthor

meansthat-----

remecourtwasauthoritative

wasapowerfulorganization

tentingwasagreatconcern

swerekeentoattendconventiongs

llyspeaking,theauthor’sattitudetowardgenepatenting

is----

al

tive

ul

ive

Text4

Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,butthiraofhighjoblessnessis

itends,itwilllikelychangethelifecour

imately,itislikely

toreshapeourpolitics,ourculture,andthecharacterofoursocietyfor

years.

Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthis

idthatunemployment,whileextremely

painful,hadimprovedtheminsomeways;theyhadbecomeless

materialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent;theyweremoreawareofthe

tedrespects,perhapstherecessionwillleave

eryleast,ithasawokenusfromournational

feverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhous,andputanecessaryendto

aneraofrecklesspersonalspending.

Butforthemostpart,thebenefitsemthin,uncertain,andfar

oralConquencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorian

BenjaminFriedmanarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthy

periodsofeconomicstagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsociety

moremean-spiritedandlessinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedor

-immigrantntiment

typicallyincreas,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandclass.

Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnot

shrunkinthisone,.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmay

reinforceclassdivides,anddecreaopportunitiestocrossthem---

earchofTillVonWachter,the

economistinColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhatnotallpeoplegraduating

intoarecessionetheirlifechancesdimmed:thowithdegreesfrom

eliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwiwould

havebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassbeneath

themthatareleftbehind.

Intheinternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoetherentment

fficult,in

themoment,isdiscerningprecilyhowtheleantimesareaffecting

society’respects,esocially

tolerantenteringthisressionthanatanytimeinitshistory,anda

varietyofnationalpollsonsocialconflictsincethenhaveshownmixed

havetowaitandeexactlyhowthehardtimeswill

ycertainlyit,andallthemoresothe

longertheyextend.

ng“tofindsilverlinings”(Line1,Para.2)theauthor

suggestthatthejoblesstryto___.

[A]eksubsidiesfromthegovemment

[B]explorereasonsfortheunermployment

[C]makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy

[D]lookonthebrightsideoftherecession

ingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople_____.

[A]realizethenationaldream

[B]struggleagainsteachother

[C]challengetheirlifestyle

[D]reconsidertheirlifestyle

inFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessionsmay_____.

[A]impoaheavierburdenonimmigrants

[B]bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature

[C]Promotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms

[D]eaconflictsbetweenracesandclass

earchofTillVonWachthersuggeststhatinrecession

graduatesfromeliteuniversitiestendto_____.

[A]lagbehindtheothersduetodecreadopportunities

[B]catchupquicklywithexperiencedemployees

[C]etheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers’

[D]recovermorequicklythantheothers

horthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsociety

is____.

[A]certain

[B]positive

[C]trivial

[D]destructive

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfinding

informationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarked

retwoextrachoicesintheright

uranswersonANSWERSHEERT1.(10points)

“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthis

world,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”

,notanymoreitisnot.

Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavourite

uldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,but

italsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:less

concernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeeling

,wewantempathy,notinspiration.

FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistory

1337,Petrarchbegan

workonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus–OnFamousMen,

highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)ch

celebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.

ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedon

rince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,and

boldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsof

successfulleaders.

Overtime,antics

commemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingthe

uniquenessoftheartist'spersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.

Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasa

catalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplores.

"Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepoweroflf-help,if

patientpurpo,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuinginthe

formulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,"wrote

Smiles."whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimlf"His

biographiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheld

upasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.

ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocudhis

biographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwell

pochalfiguresreprentedliveshardto

imitate,buttobeacknowledgedasposssinghigherauthoritythanmere

mortals.

m,historydidnothing,itpossdno

immenwealthnorwagedbattles:“Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoes

allthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassandtheirrecord

,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,the

:“Men

maketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplea;they

donotmakeitundercircumstanceschonbythemlves,butunder

circumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”

Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthe

eofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EP

yfrombelowstoodalongside

ewrealmsofunderstanding—fromgender

toracetoculturalstudies—wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthe

ransformedpublichistorytoo:

downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.

SectionIIITranslation

ions:

our

translationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyare

usuallyconcernedattheprospectoftherbestandbrightestdeparture

toSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedeveloped

world,ThearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritian,Canada

andAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilege

collegegraduates.

Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdeveloping

rveyofIndian

houholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethana

high-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansoverthe

"braindrain"haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoor

countries,Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemof

much-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheir

universities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernew

productsfortheirfactoriestomake.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

ions

Suppoyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionary

thatyouboughtfromanonlinstoretheotherday,Writeanemailtothe

customerrvicecenterto

1)makeacomplaintand

2)demandapromptsolution

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERESHEET2

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,U"zhangwei

"instead.

48、writingyou

should

1)describethetable,and

2)giveyourcomments

Youshouldwriteatleast150words(15points)

英语二答案：

完形填空：

1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C

6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B

11.D12.B13.C14.D15.B

16.A17.C18.B19.B20.D

TEXT1：

21.A22.C23.A24.B25.D

TEXT2：

26.A27.B28.A29.C30.C

TEXT3：

31.C32.B33.A34.D35.D

TEXT4：

36.D37.D38.B39.D40.A

翻译：

而发展中国家担心移民，则通常考虑的是，他们最优秀的人才流入了硅谷，

或是发达国家的一些医院和大学。而这些人才正是英国、加拿大、澳大利亚这样

的国家需要的，他们通过优待大学生的移民政策来吸引这样的人才。

很多研究发现，发展中国家受过良好教育的人们尤其可能移民。据估计，三

分之二受过良好教育的CapeVerdeans都居住在国外。2004年对印度家庭展开

了一次大范围调查，询问了他们移居国外的家庭成员情况。调查发现，近40%的

移民接受过高等教育，而所有25岁以上的印度人中，这一比例仅为3.3%。这种

“人才外流”的现象长期困扰着穷国的政策制定者们。他们担心这会有损经济发

展，使得他们丧失亟需的有技能的人才，他们本可在大学里教书，在医院里工作，

或是研发出可供生产的新产品。

新题型：

41-45：AFGCE

小作文范文：

DearSirorMadame,

Asoneoftheregularcustomersofyouronlinestore,Iamwritingthis

lettertoexpressmycomplaintagainsttheflawsinyourproduct—an

electronicdictionaryIboughtinyourshoptheotherday.

Thedictionaryissuppodtobeafavorabletoolformystudy.

Unfortunately,nwith,

whenIopenedit,Idetectedthattheappearanceofithadbeenscratched.

Secondly,Ididnotfindthebatterypromidintheadvertimentposted

onthehomepageofyourshop,whichmakesmefeelthatyouhavenotkept

wor,someofthekeysonthekeyboarddonotwork.

Istronglyrequestthatasatisfactoryexplanationbegivenandeffective

measuresshouldbetakentoimproveyourrviceandthequalityofyour

eitherndanewonetomeorrefundmemymoneyin

full.

Iamlookingforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.

Sincerelyyours,

ZhangWei