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Blend

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Forotherus,eBlend(disambiguation).

"Blending"hablending,eAlphacompositing.

Inlinguistics,ablendisawordformedfrompartsoftwootherwords.

Thepartsaresometimes,butnotalways,morphemes.

Contents

[hide]

1Linguistics

o1.1Formation

1.1.1Blendingoftworoots

1.1.2LexicalSelection

2U

3Seealso

4References

[edit]Linguistics

Blendsdealwiththeactionofabridgingandthencombiningvarious

r,theprocessofdefiningwhichwords

ficultycomes

indeterminewhichpartsofanewwordare"recoverable"(itsrootcan

bedistinguished).[1]

Therearemanytypesofblends,,a

linguist,propoddividingblendsintothreegroups[2]:

icOverlap:asyllableorpartofasyllableissharedbetween

twowords

ng:theshorteningoftwowordsandthencompoundingthem

icOverlapandClipping:shorteningoftwowordstoashared

syllableandthencompounding

However,classificationoftypesofblendsisnotstandardamongall

linguists.

[edit]Formation

Mostblendsareformedbyoneofthefollowingmethods:

inningofonewordisaddedtotheendoftheother(e

mple,brunchisablendofbreakfastand

yllabicwordisdivided

ofthistypetypically

hasthesamenumberofsyllablesasthecondword.

obroccoli(3)+cauliflower(4)→broccoflower(4)

obreakfast(2)+lunch(1)→brunch(1)

ocamera(3)+recorder(3)→camcorder(3)

oeducation(4)+entertainment(4)→edutainment(4)

oinformation(4)+commercial(3)→infomercial(4,

exception)

omotor(2)+hotel(2)→motel(2)

osimultaneous(5)+broadcast(2)→simulcast(3,exception)

osmoke(1)+fog(1)→smog(1)

ospoon(1)+fork(1)→spork(1)

ostagnation(3)+inflation(3)→stagflation(3)

mple,cyborgis

ablendofcyberneticandorganism.

example,thewordCalifornication,fromasongbytheRedHotChili

Peppers,isablendofCaliforniaandfornication.

lesoundsfromtwocomponentwordsareblended,whilemostly

prervingthesounds'wisCarrollwaswellknownfor

pleofthisisthewordslithy,ablend

thodisdifficulttoachieveandis

consideredasignofCarroll'sverbalwit.

Whentwowordsarecombinedintheirentirety,theresultisconsidered

mple,bagpipeisacompound,

notablend,ofbagandpipe.

[edit]Blendingoftworoots

Blendingcanalsoapplytorootsratherthanwords,forinstanceinIsraeli

Hebrew."Israeliרופחדdakhpór‘bulldozer’hybridizes(Mishnaic

Hebrew>>)Israeliפחד√dħp‘push’and(BiblicalHebrew>>)Israeliרפח

√ħpr‘dig’[...]Israeliטוטלשshiltút‘zapping,surfingthechannels,

flippingthroughthechannels’derivesfrom(i)(Hebrew>)Israeliטלש

shalát‘remotecontrol’,anellipsis–likeEnglishremote(butusing

thenouninstead)–ofthe(widelyknown)compoundטלשקוחרshalátrakhók

–demyoftheHebrewLanguage’sטלשקחרshalátrákhak;and

(ii)(Hebrew>)Israeliטוטשshitút‘wandering,vagrancy’.Israeliטוטלש

shiltútwasintroducedbytheAcademyoftheHebrewLanguagein[...]1996.

Synchronically,itmightappeartoresultfromreduplicationofthefinal

consonantofshalát‘remotecontrol’.Anotherexampleofblendingwhich

hasalsobeenexplainedasmerereduplicationisIsraeliתילילחגgakhlilít

‘fire-fly,glow-fly,Lampyris’.ThiscoinagebyHayyimNahmanBialik

blends(Hebrew>)Israeliתלחגgakhélet‘burningcoal’with

(Hebrew>)Israeliהלילláyla‘night’.Comparethiswiththeunblended

תילילכחkhakhlilít‘(black)redstart,Phœnicurus’(<

לילכח‘dullred,reddish’).Synchronicallyspeakingthough,mostnative

Israeli-speakersfeelthatgakhlilítincludesareduplicationofthe

thirdradicalofלחג√għincidentallyhowErnestKlein[3]

explainsgakhlilíeisattemptingtoprovideetymology,his

descriptionmightbemisleadingifoneagreesthatHayyimNahmanBialik

hadblendinginmind."[4]

"TherearetwopossibleetymologicalanalysforIsraeliHebrewרפסכ

kaspár‘bankclerk,teller’.Thefirstisthatitconsistsof

(Hebrew>)Israeliףסכkéf‘money’andthe

(International/Hebrew>)Israeliagentivesuffixר--áondisthat

itisaquasi-portmanteauwordwhichblendsףסכkéf‘money’and

(Hebrew>)Israeliרפס√spr‘count’.IsraeliHebrewרפסכkaspárstarted

thecond

analysisisthecorrectone,thefinalsyllableר--árapparently

facilitatednativizationsinceitwasregardedastheHebrewsuffixר-

-år(probablyofPersianpedigree),whichusuallyreferstocraftsmenand

professionals,forinstanceasinMendeleMocherSforim’scoinageרטוטרמס

smartutár‘rag-dealer’."[5]

[edit]LexicalSelection

Blendingmayoccurwithanerrorinlexicallection,theprocessbywhich

arroll's

explanation,whichgaveritotheuof'portmanteau'forsuch

combinations,was:

HumptyDumpty'stheory,oftwomeaningspackedintoonewordlikeaportmanteau,

tance,takethetwowords

"fuming"and"furious."Makeupyourmindthatyouwillsaybothwords...you

willsay"frumious."[6]

Theerrorsarebadonsimilarityofmeanings,ratherthanphonological

similarities,andthemorphemesorphonemesstayinthesameposition

withinthesyllable[7].

[edit]U

Somelanguages,likeJapane,encouragetheshorteningandmergingof

borrowedforeignwords(asingairaigo),becautheyarelongor

mple,karaoke,a

combinationoftheJapanewordkara(meaningempty)andtheclippedform

okeoftheEnglishloanword"orchestra"(J.ōkesutoraオーケストラ),is

aJapaneblendthathanteredtheEnglishlanguage.(Fromthearticle

gairaigo.)

Manycorporatebrandnames,trademarks,andinitiatives,aswellasnames

ofcorporationsandorganizationsthemlves,mple,

Wiktionary,oneofWikipedia'ssisterprojects,isablendofwikiand

,NabiscoisablendoftheinitialsyllablesofNational

BiscuitCompany.

[edit]Seealso

LookupBlendin

Wiktionary,thefreedictionary.

Amalgamation(names)

Clipping(morphology)

Compound(linguistics)

Contraction(grammar)

Phono-manticmatching

Portmanteauword

oListofportmanteaus

Syllabicabbreviation

[edit]References

1.^Blends

2.^Blends

3.^Seep.97inKlein,Ernest(1987),AComprehensiveEtymological

DictionaryoftheHebrewLanguage,Jerusalem:Carta.

4.^Seep.66inZuckermann,Ghil'ad(2003),LanguageContactandLexical

EnrichmentinIsraeliHebrew,Houndmills:

1-4039-1723-X.

5.^Seep.67inZuckermann,Ghil'ad(2003),LanguageContactandLexical

EnrichmentinIsraeliHebrew,Houndmills:

1-4039-1723-X.

6.^LewisCarroll,AliceinWonderland.

7.^Fromkin,V.,Rodman,R.,andHyams,N.(2007)AnIntroductionto

Language,:1-4130-1773-8