myth什么意思

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2010年6月大学英语四级真题

Questions47to56arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewones–thekindofhigh-tech,

so

morethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe47.G）incrediblywastefultotearthemall

downand48.K）mousamountofenergyand

ouldtakeanaverageof65years

forthe49.J）reducedcarbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupforthe

ebroadest50.L）n,thegreenesthomeis

hesametime,emissions

comefromheating,coolingand51.H）poweringourhomes,officesandotherbuildings."You

can'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,"saysRichardMoe,the

presidentoftheNationalTrust.

Withsome52.D）exceptions,

builtbefore1939uabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthobuiltafter2000,mainly

duetothetinycracksandgapsthat53.E）expandovertimeandletinmoreoutsideair.

Fortunately,therearea54.O）vastnumberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolder

homes,from55.F）historiconeslikeLincoln'

efficiencyupgrades(升级)cansavemorethanjusttheearth;theycanhelp56.I）protect

propertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A)accommodations

B)clumsy

C)doubtful

D)exceptions

E)expand

F)historic

G)incredibly

H)powering

I)protect

J)reduced

K)replace

L)n

M)shifted

N)supplying

O)vast

2011年6月大学英语四级真题

Questions47to56arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Thepopularnotionthatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungeradultsisamyth,scientists

saidyesterday.

Whileelderlypeople47N）tendtosleepforfewerhoursthantheydidwhentheywereyounger,

thishasa(n)48L）negativeeffectontheirbrain'sperformanceandtheywouldbenefitfrom

gettingmore,accordingtorearch.

SeanDrummond,atrist(心理医生)attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,saidolder

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peoplearemorelikelytosufferfrombrokensleep,whileyoungerpeoplearebetteratsleeping

49H）efficientlystraightthroughthenight.

Moresleepinoldage,however,is50B）associatedwithbetterhealth,andmostolderpeople

wouldfeelbetterandmore51A）alertiftheysleptforlongerperiods,hesaid.

“Theabilitytosleepinonechunk(整块时间)overnightgoesdownasweagebuttheamountof

sleepweneedto52J）functionwelldoesnotchange,”DrDrummondtoldtheAmerican

AssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceconferenceinSanDiego.

“It's53F）ehealthyanolderadult

is,themoretheysleepliketheydidwhentheywere54O）asuggeststhat

olderadultswouldbenefitfrom55E）continuingtogetasmuchsleepastheydidintheir30s.

That's56G）differentfrompersontoperson,buttheamountofsleepwehadat35isprobably

thesameamountasweneedat75.”

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A)alertI)formally

B)associatedJ)function

C)attractingK)mixed

D)clingL)negative

E)continuingM)sufficient

F)definitelyN)tend

G)differentO)younger

固定搭配；表示“倾向于；”符合句意；

48.空格后是effect，前面是a(n)，由此可见，该处需要填入一个形容词；题目给出的形

容词有negative,sufficient,younger；根据前后语意，填入negative最为恰当，表示“少的睡

眠时间对大脑的活动有负面的影响。”

49.根据推测，该处应该填入一个副词，题目给出的副词有efficiently,definitely,formally；前

面提到，老年人在睡觉的时候更容易被打断，而后面用while提出一个对比的概念，年轻人

相比起来能获得更_______的睡眠；综合起来，选用efficiently（最有效率的）最为准确。

ciatedwith固定搭配；表示“与…联系在一起”；本句话表示“更多的睡眠通常都

与健康度联系在一起”；

51.先看整句话的含义，“如果他们能睡更长的时间，他们的感觉应该会更好以及…”那么，

该处应该填入一个褒义词，选择alert比较恰当，表示“更加警觉，机灵”；

52.根据判断，此处应该填入一个动词，剩下的动词有cling,function；整句话的意思是“当

我们上了年纪的时候，我们一觉睡到天亮的能力下降了，但是，我们需要…的睡眠量并没有

改变；”空格后的单词是well，cling在这里并不合适，一般与to连用；选用function最为

适合；

53.作者在首段已经提出这个观点是一个myth，那么显而易见最后一段中出现的myth是作

为一种强调手段，应填入definitely；

54.空格的前面是whentheywere…，“当他们年轻的时候”；应填入younger；

55.本句的意思是“我们的数据显示老年人将从…获益；”空格的后面是“得到和他们在三

十多岁的时候能得到的睡眠一样多”；根据上下文意思，该处应填入“continuing”；

entfrom固定搭配；表示“和…不同”；

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2010年12月大学英语四级真题

Questions47to56arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyouare?Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,

intelligent,orabletoreadamap?Alloftheareinfluencedbytheinteractionofyourgenesand

theenvironmentinwhichyouwere47.M)dyofhowgenesandenvironment

interacttoinfluence48.L)oral

geneticshasmadeimportant49.E)contributionstothebiologicalrevolution,providing

informationabouttheextenttowhichbiologyinfluencesmind,brainandbehavior.

Anyrearchthatsuggeststhat50.A)abilitiestoperformcertainbehaviorsarebadinbiology

tstobetoldthattherearelimitationstowhatyoucan51.B)achieve

badonsomethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,suchasyourgenes?Itiasytoacceptthat

genescontrolphysicalcharacteristicssuchasx,genesalso

determinewhetherpeoplewillgetdivorced,how52.N)smarttheyare,orwhatcareertheyare

likelytochoo?Aconcernofpsychologicalscientistsisthe53.I)extenttowhichallofthe

characteristicsareinfluencedbynatureandnurture(养育),bygeneticmakeupandthe

singly,science54.J)indicatesthatgeneslaythegroundworkformany

isperspective,peopleareborn55.G)esntiallylikeundeveloped

photographs:Theimageisalreadycaptured,butthewayit56.H)eventuallyappearscanvary

r,thebasicpictureistherefromthebeginning.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

[A]abilities[I]extent

[B]achieve[J]indicates

[C]appeal[K]proceeds

[D]complaints[L]psychological

[E]contributions[M]raid

[F]displayed[N]smart

[G]esntially[O]standard

[H]eventually

在这里的意思是“养育”，theenvironmentinwhichyouwereraid意思是“你

成长的环境”。

48."psychologicalactivity"意思是“心理活动”，全句意思是“研究基因和外部环境如何

相互作用影响人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传学”。

49.“makecontributionsto”为固定搭配，意为“为……做贡献”。

50.“abilityto…”意思是“做某事的能力”，在此处，全句意思是“任何一篇宣称人

类做出某种行为的能力是基于生物学的研究都是有争议的”。

51."limitationstowhatyoucanachieve"意思是“对你所能达到的水平的限制”。

52.此处需填一个形容词，而且用来形容人，根据题意，smart符合题意，表示“机灵，

可爱”。

53.此处填extent，主要是因为后面有to，“totheextent…”译为“……的程度”。

te意思是“表明，显示”。全句意为“越来越多的科学(现象)表明基因对人类

很多特征有基础作用”。

ially的意思是“实际上，本质上”。全句意为“从这个角度来讲，人一出生，

本质上就像是还没洗出来的照片：相已经照了，但是最终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了”。

ally副词，意思是“最终，最后”。

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2011年12月大学英语四级真题

PassageOne

Boys'schoolsaretheperfectplacetoteachyoungmentoexpresstheiremotionsandaremore

likelytogetinvolvedinactivitiessuchasart,danceandmusic,accordingtorearchrelead

today.

Farfromthetraditionalimageofacultureofaggressivemasculinityinwhichstudentithersink

orswim,theabnceofgirlsgivesboysthechancetodevelopwithoutpressuretoconformtoa

stereotype,theUSstudysays.

Boysatsinglexschoolsweresaidtobemorelikelytogetinvolvedinculturalandartistic

activitiesthathelpeddeveloptheiremotionalexpressiveness,ratherthanfeelingtheyhadto

conformtothe"boycode"ofhidingtheiremotionstobea"realman".

Thefindingsofthestudygoagainstreceivedwisdomthatboysdobetterwhentaughtalongside

girls.

TonyLittle,headmasterofEton,warnedthatboyswerebeingfailedbytheBritisheducation

icizedteachersforfailingtorecognize

thatboysareactuallymoreemotionalthangirls.

Therearcharguedthatboysoftenperformbadlyinmixedschoolsbecautheybecome

discouragedwhentheirfemalepeersdobetterearlierinspeakingandreadingskills.

Butinsingle-xschoolsteacherscantailorlessonstoboys'learningstyle,lettingthemmove

aroundtheclassroomandgettingthemtocompeteinteamstopreventboredom,wrotethe

study'sauthor,AbigailJames,oftheUniversityofVirginia.

Teacherscouldencourageboystoenjoyreadingandwritingwithspecifically"boy-focud"

eboysgenerallyhave

moreacutevision,learnbestthroughtouch,andarephysicallymoreactive,theyneedtobe

given"hands-on"lessonswheretheyareallowedtowalkaround."Boysinmixedschoolsview

classicalmusicasfeminineandpreferthemoderngenreinwhichviolenceandxismaremajor

themes,"Jameswrote.

Single-xeducationalsomadeitlesslikelythatboyswouldfeeltheyhadtoconformtoa

stereotypethatmenshouldbe"masterfulandincharge"inrelationships."Inmixedschools,boys

feelcompelledtoactlikemenbeforetheyunderstandthemlveswellenoughtoknowwhat

thatmeans,"thestudyreported.

horbelievesthatasingle-xschoolwould_____________________.

Aforceboystohidetheiremotionstobe“realman”

Bhelptocultivatemasculineaggressivenessinboys

Cencourageboystoexpresstheiremotionsmorefreely

Dnaturallyreinforceinboysthattraditionalimageofaman

mmonlybelievedthatinamixedschoolsboys____________________.

AperformrelativelybetterBgrowupmorehealthily

CbehavemoreresponsiblyDreceiveabettereducation

esTonyLittlesayabouttheBritisheducationsystem?

AItfailsmoreboysthangirlsacademicallyBItfocusmoreonmixedschooleducation

CItfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyneed

DItplacesmorepressureonboysthanongirls

ingtoAbigailJames,oneoftheadvantagesofsingle-xschoolsis______________.

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Ateachingcanbetailoredtosuitthecharacteristicsofboys

Bboyscanfocusontheirlessonswithoutbeingdistracted

Cboyscanchootolearnwhatevertheyareinterestedin

Dteachingcanbedesignedtopromoteboys’teamspirit

fthefollowingischaracteristicofboysaccordingtoAbigailJames’report?

ATheyenjoybeinginchargeBTheyconformtostereotypes

CTheyhavesharpervisionDTheyareviolentandxist

SectionB

PassageOne

57,Cencourageboystoexpresstheiremotionsfreely

58,Aperformrelativelybetter

59,CItfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyneed

60,Ateachingcanbetailoredtosuitthecharacteristicsofboys

61,CTheyhavesharpervision

【解析】这篇文章针对传统的男女生一起上学，一起接受教育提出了质疑。作者从文章一开

头就表明了自己的看法：对于男生而言，单性教育，即男生们一起上学会对男生的身心发展

更为有利。文中出现一个短语，receivedwisdom，即是“人们普遍的看法，公认的看法”。

也是作者所批判的一种观点。传统观点认为，男生和女生混合教育会对男生发展更有利。

但是作者认为单性教育对男生有以下几个好处：可以让男生们更自由地表达自己的情感，可

以学习自己感兴趣的艺术，舞蹈，音乐等学科。不用去遵守人们在传统印象中对男生的期盼。

而且单性教育可以针对男生的身心发展特点而制定学习计划。

并且作者觉得，目前英国教育把女生当做关注重点，忽视了对男生的重视。

2011年12月大学英语四级真题

PassageTwo

It'dowenotgoonholiday?Mypartnersaysnobecauthe

boilercouldgo,ortherooffalloff,atyouonlyliveonce

andweworkhardandwhat'sthepointifyoucan'ofarecessionmeans

noargumentnextyear–wejustwon'tgo.

Sincemoneyisknowntobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringarelationshiptoitsknees,we

yfamiliestherecessionmeansmorethannotbookingaholiday.A

YouGovpollof2,000peoplefound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecau

'slesscleariswhetherdivorceandparationratesriina

recession–financialpressuresmeancouplesarguemorebutmakesplittinguplessaffordable.

Arecentes

werecharacterizedbyintenverbalaggression,tendedtoberepeatedandnotresolved,and

mademen,morethanwomen,extremelyangry.

KimStephenson,anoccupationalpsychologist,believesmoneyissuchabigdealbecauofwhat

itsymbolizes,whichmaybedifferentthingstomenandwomen."Peoplecansaythesamethings

aboutmoneybuthavedifferentconceptionsofwhatitisfor,"heexplains."Theywillsayit'sto

save,tospend,forcurity,forfreedom,toshowsomeoneyoulovethem"Hesaysmenaremore

likelytoemoneyasawayofbuyingstatusandofshowingtheirparentsthatthey'veachieved

something.

"Thebiggestproblemisthatcouplesassumeeachotherknowswhatisgoingonwiththeir

finances,buttheydon'eemstobemoreofatabooabouttalkingaboutmoneythan

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bothneedtoknowwhatyouaredoing,whoispayingwhatintothe

lthyrelationshipyoudon'thaveto

agreeaboutmoney,butyouhavetotalkaboutit."

estheauthorsayaboutvacationing?

APeopleenjoyitallthemoreduringarecession

BFewpeoplecanafforditwithoutworkinghard

CItmakesallthehardworkworthwhile

DItisthechiefcauoffamilydisputes

estheauthormeanbysaying“moneyisknown…tobringarelationshiptoits

knees”(Line1Para.2)？

AMoneyisconsideredtobetherootofallevils

BSomepeoplesacrificetheirdignityformoney

CFewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofmoney

DDisputesovermoneymayruinarelationship

Govpollof2000peopleindicatesthatinarecession_________________.

Aconflictsbetweencouplestendtori

Bitismoreexpensiveforcouplestosplitup

Ccouplesshowmoreconcernforeachother

Ddivorceandparationratesincrea

esKimStephensonbelieve?

AMoneyisoftenasymbolofaperson’sstatus

BMoneymeansagreatdealtobothmenandwomen

CMenandwomenspendmoneyondifferentthings

DMenandwomenviewmoneyindifferentways

horsuggestsattheendofthepassagethatcouplesshould________________

Aputtheirmoneytogetherinsteadofkeepingitparately

Bmakeeffortstoreachagreementontheirfamilybudgets

Cdiscussmoneymatterstomaintainahealthyrelationship

Davoidarguingaboutmoneymatterstoremainromantic

PassageTwo

sallthehardworkworthwhile.

esovermoneymayruinarelationship.

ctsbetweencouplestendtori

womenviewmoneyindifferentways.

smoneymatterstomaintainahealthyrelationship.

【解析】这是一篇关于金钱对夫妻关系的影响的文章。文中第一段主要通过度假这件事来体

现不同人对待金钱的不同态度。作者认为人只能活一次，如果不能去度假的话，那么工作再

努力也没有意义。第二段主要谈到了大萧条时期，不太良好的经济状况常常会影响夫妻关系，

可能会导致争吵，甚至会导致离婚或者分居的成本增加，对夫妻感情造成伤害。第三段讲了

KimStephenson，一个心理学家的观点，即男人和女人对待金钱的态度是不一样的，男人把

金钱看作是得到社会地位的途径，看作向父母展现自己成功的一种方式。第四段，作者建议

夫妻可以对金钱持有不同的观点，但是不可以对它采取回避的态度，避而不谈。

相对来说，这篇文章的难度比较大。文章看懂并不难，但是题目中，推理题和大意题比较多，

需要在充分理解作者意图，了解文章主旨的基础上，才能选出正确答案。

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2011年6月大学英语四级真题

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomicloss

eachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,

theformerUnitedNationscretarygeneral.

Thereport,tobereleadFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,

dthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingthe

globaldeathratesfromillnessincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedhealth

problems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelea,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,who

questioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoor

countries,ectedthatthenumberwould

doubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisaster

trends,saidtheForum'sreportwas"amethodologicalembarrassment"becautherewasno

waytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthe

muchlargerlossresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentin

vulnerable(易受伤害的)saidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblem

requiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,"willharmthecauforactiononboth

climatechangeanddisastersbecauitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的)."

However,SorenAndrean,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswho

supervidthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswere

thereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhagenin

Decembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleadescribingthereport,tresdtheneedforthenegotiationstofocus

onincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilityto

clian90%of

thehumanandeconomiclossfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,according

tothereport.

thefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

A)Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.

B)Ratesofdeathfromillnesshaverinduetoglobalwarming.

C)Malnutritionhascaudrioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.

D)Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.

welearnabouttheForum'sreportfromthepassage?

A)Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.

B)Itaroudalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.

C)Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.

D)Itcaudabigstirindevelopingcountries.

sayabouttheForum'sreport?

A)Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.C)Itdervesourclostattention.

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B)Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.D)Itsconclusionispurpolyexaggerated.

SorenAndrean'sviewofthereport?

A)Itsconclusionsarebadoncarefullycollecteddata.

B)Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsareclolyexamined.

C)ItwillgiveritoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.

D)Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.

esKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

A)Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.

B)Howhumanandeconomiclossfromclimatechangecanbereduced.

C)Howemissionsofheat-trappinggascanbereducedonaglobalscale.

D)Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.

PassageTwo

本篇文章主要是围绕一份来自GlobalHumanitarianForum的报告展开的，在解题之前，通过

对5个题干的浏览，以及在原文中的定位，可以发现，这篇文章是严格按照顺序原则来出题

的。每一个题干中都有大写的字母，这些首字母大写的单词既是关键词，也是定位词，可以

有效地帮助我们到原文中准确定位，节省答题时间。

thefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

答案：fdeathfromillnesshaverinduetoglobalwarming.

关键词：GlobalHumanitarianForum

定位：第一段、第二段

解析：一般而言，四级的阅读题目大致遵循顺序原则，此篇文章正好是遵循此规律的。在文

章的第一段，第一行，我们看到“…300,000deathsandabout$125billion…”,根据这里，

我们可以把答案锁定在选项A（economic）和选项B(Ratesofdeath)，然后我们接着往下看，

可以发现，第二段就没有再提到金钱方面了，而都是在讲死亡和疾病的话题，如第二段的第

三行“…deathratesfromillness…”。所以，最后正确的选项是B。

welearnabouttheForum'sreportfromthepassage?

答案：hallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts

关键词：learn、Forum'sreport

定位：第三段

解析：根据顺序原则，我们在接下来的第三段里就找到了63题的答案。第三段的第一行就

讲到“thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk”，这和A选项是完全相

一致的，challenged是criticism的同义替换。B选项中的“interest”表示“兴趣”，主要用于

好的事物，这里讲的都是对theForum'srepor的批评，显然就不合适了。C选项表达的意思

跟原文正好相反，这个是肯定要排除的。然后，有的同学可能会选到D选项，可能是受到

文中第四段“…primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingriouslyeffected…”这句话的影响。

但是D选项中“abigstir”“一阵巨大的骚乱”文中是完全没有提到的。

sayabouttheForum'sreport?

答案：validintermsofmethodology.

关键词：、say

定位：第五段

解析：在第五段，我们可以很快找到Pielke，然后找到他说的话，第二行“theForum'sreport

was‘amethodologicalembarrassment'”,然后在第六行“butthereport,hesaid‘willharm

the…itissodeeplyflawed'”。根据这两句话，选项中invalid是flawed的同义替换，我们

可以很容易地选到B。

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SorenAndrean'sviewofthereport?

答案：ghestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.

关键词：SorenAndrean

定位：第六段

解析：在第六段的第二行和第三行，可以看到“the

reportwasaimedatworldleaders…”,根据这两句话，我们就能较轻松地将正确答案锁定

在D选项。

esKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

答案：hcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.

关键词：KofiAnnan、focusoftheCopenhagenconference

定位：第七段（即文中的最后一段）

解析：最后一段是KofiAnnan说的一段话。我们在最后一段的第二行，focuson后

面“…fromrichtopoorregionstohelpreduce…”后面的内容就无需再花时间去看了，因

为他focus（关健康文档放心下载放心阅读

注）的地方，在此就已经陈述清楚了，正确答案就是D。