9TheartofpublicSpeaking公共演讲的艺术
dforeffectivepublicspeakingwillalmostcertainlytouchyousometime
does,nifyounevergiveanother
speechinyourlife,
speechclasswillgiveyoutraininginrearchingtopics,organizingyourideas,and
iningisinvaluableforeverytypeof
communication.
1、在你生活的某个时刻,几乎必定(almostcertainly)需要做某种有影响力的(effective)
公开演讲。当这个时刻来到时,你希望自己十分有把握。但是,即便你在生活中从未发表
过一个演讲,你仍然会从学习公共演说中获益良多(gainfrom)。你的演讲课将会在研究主
题、组织思路和表现技巧方面对你进行训练。这种训练对任何类型的交流都是非常宝贵的
(invaluable)。
threemajorgoalsofspeaking-toinform,topersuade,toentertain-arealsothe
ersation,almostwithoutthinking
aboutit,
pt
reamongthemostimportantskillsyouwill
needforpublicspeaking.
2、在公开演讲(publicspeaking)和日常交谈(dailyconversation)之间有许多类似的东西
(similarity)。演说的三个主要目的是:传达、说服、吸引,这些也是日常交谈的三个主要
目的。在交谈中,你已经不假思索地使用(employ)很多技巧。你有条理地(logically)组织你
的观点,你根据听众修改信息(tailorto)。你选择讲述某个故事以取得最大的效果。你从
听众的反馈(feedback)中改变自己(adaptto)。这些也是你在公开演讲时所需要的最重
要的技巧。(日常交流)
,,public
llyimposstricttime
limitationsonthespeaker,anditrequiresmoredetailedpreparationthando
,speechmakingrequiresmoreformallanguage.
Listenersreactnegativelytospeechesloadedwithslang,jargon,andbadgrammar.
Third,ivespeakers
adjusttheirvoicestothelargeraudienceandworkatavoidingdistractingphysical
mannerismandverbalhabits.
3、当然,公开演说不同于交谈。首先,公开演讲比交谈要有更高的组织结构性(morehighly
structured)。公开演说者通常受严格的时间限制(stricttimelimitations),因此它需要比
普通交谈更细致的准备(moredetailedpreparation)。其次,公开演说需要使用更正式的
语言(moreformallanguage)。听众对充满(loadedwith)俚语、行话、和语法错误的讲
话反应消极(reactnegativelyto)。第三,公开演说需要用一种不同声调和姿势(delivery)。
有影响力的(effective)演说者调整(adjustto)他的声调去面对大量的观众,力求(workat)
避免分散人注意力的身体习惯动作(physicalmannerism),力求避免习惯性口头语(verbal
habit)。(公共讲演)
ly,
eechclasswill
giveyouanopportunitytogainconfidenceandmakeyournervousnessworkforyou
ltakeabigsteptowardovercomingstagefrightif
youthinkpositively,choospeechtopicsyoureallycareabout,preparethoroughly,
nystudentsoverthe
years,youtoocandevelopconfidenceinyourspeechmakingabilities.
4、在任何一个演讲教室里,学生最主要的担心之一就是怕上台(stagefright怯场)。事实
上,最成功的演说家在发表一场演讲之前也会紧张。你的演讲教室将给你一个获得信心的
机会,让你的紧张的神经帮助你而不是阻碍你(makeyournervousnessworkforyou
ratherthanagainstyou)。如果你能这样积极地(positively)考虑,你将会朝着战胜怯场
的方向(towardovercomingstagefright)迈进一大步:选择你真正关心的演讲主题,充分
地(thoroughly)准备,集中精力与你的听众沟通。如同过去的(overtheyears)许多同学一
样,你同样能够在你的演讲能力上提高信心(developconfidence)。
echcommunicationprocessasawholeincludesvenelements-speaker,
message,channel,listener,feedback,interference,akeristhe
erthespeakercommunicatesis
themessage,tenerreceives
erence
isanythingthatimpedesthecommunicationofamessage,andthesituationisthe
eractionoftheven
elementsiswhatdeterminestheoutcomeinanyinstanceofspeechcommunication.
5、语言交流的过程,整体而言(asawhole)包括七个要素:演说者、信息、沟通途径、听
众、反馈、外界干扰(interference)、和现场形态(situation)。演说者是演讲事件(transaction)
的开始者。演说者传递的是信息,它必经某种特定沟通途径(bymeansofaparticular
channel)传送出去。听众接受传达到的信息,并且向演说者提供反馈。外界干扰是妨碍
(impede)信息沟通的任何事物,而现场形态是演说发生的时间和地点。这七个要素的相互
作用(interaction)决定了任何情况下演说交流的效果(outcome)。
espeechmakingisaformofpower,itcarrieswithitheavyethical
thisbybeingwell-informedabouttheirsubjectsbybeinghonestinwhattheysay,
byusingsoundevidence,andbyemployingvalidreasoning.
6、因为演讲是力量的一种表现形态,它承载着(carrywithit)很重的道德责任(heavy
ethicalresponsibility)。有道德的演说者用声音的方式去实现声音的目的。他们通过很好
阐述(informeabout)他们的主题、通过诚实于他们所说的话、通过使用可靠的(sound)论据、
以及通过正确的评论去做这件事(dothis)。
dailyconversation;everydayconversation;ordinaryconversation;publicspeaking;
speechmaking
tailorto;adaptto;reactto;adjustto
课后练习:
1.Butevenifyounevergiveanotherspeechinyourlife,youstillhavemuchto___
fromstudyingpublicspeaking.
iningis___foreverytypeofcommunication.
ersation,almostwithoutthinkingaboutit,you___awiderangeofskills.
ly
loryourmessage___youraudience.
___tofeedbackfromyourlistener.
e
llyimposstricttimelimitations___thespeaker.
ers___negativelytospeechesloadedwithslang,jargon,andbadgrammar.
ct
speakingdemandsadifferentmethodof___.
ivespeakersadjusttheirvoices___thelargeraudienceandwork_____
avoidingdistractingphysicalmannerismandverbalhabits.
,,,,for
eechclasswillgiveyouanopportunitytogainconfidenceandmakeyour
nervousnessworkforyou___againstyou.
d
ltakeabigsteptowardovercomingstagefrightifyouthink_____,choo
speechtopicsyoureallycareabout,preparethoroughly,andconcentrateon
communicatingwithyouraudience.
vely
echcommunicationprocess___includesvenelements.
hole
akeristhepersonwho___aspeechtransaction.
tive
erthespeakercommunicatesisthemessage,whichisnt___a
particularchannel.
sof
erenceisanythingthat___thecommunicationofamessage.
eractionofthevenelementsiswhatdeterminesthe___inany
instanceofspeechcommunication.
e
thisbydoingwell-informedabouttheirsubjects,beinghonestinwhat
theysay,byusingsoundevidence,andbyemployingreasoning.
答案:1A2B3B4C5A6B7B8B9C10C
11D12C13B14D15C16A17D
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