新东方图书网

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.

Whilewemeasureourownsizesininches

orcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasured

ronisathousandthof

amillimeter:apinheadisabouta

-shapedbacteria

areusuallyfromtwotofourmicronslong,

whileroundedonesaregenerallyone

youenlargeda

roundedbacteriumathousandtimes,it

wouldbejustaboutthesizeofapinhead.

Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesame

amountwouldbeoveramile(1.6

kilometer)tall.

Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,you

magnificationof100times,onefindsthat

bacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsor

notmakeoutanythingof

pecialstains,one

canethatsomebacteriahaveattached

tothemwavy-

looking"hairs"have

gellarotate,

pushingthebacteriathroughthewater.

Manybacterialackflagellaandcannot

moveaboutbytheirownpower,while

otherscanglidealongoversurfacesby

somelittle-understoodmechanism.

Fromthebacteriapointofview,theworld

isaverydifferentplacefromwhatitisto

teriumwaterisasthick

iaaresosmall

thattheyareinfluencedbythe

movementsofthechemicalmolecules

iaunderthe

microscope,eventhowithnoflagella,

becautheycollidewiththewatery

moleculesandarepushedthiswayand

lesmovesorapidlythat

withinatenthofacondthemolecules

aroundabacteriahaveallbeenreplaced

bynewones;evenbacteriawithout

flagellaarethusconstantlyexpodtoa

changingenvironment.

专治男女记不住单词的秘密5天5

夜突破英语听说，100%保证！！——点击

进入

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本47FolkCultures

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本49Sleep※相关链接※

·新东方英语背诵文选mp3和文本48

Bacteria

From:

/englisharticle/xind

ongfang/2007-03-26/新东方英

语背诵文选mp3和文本49Sleep

Source:2007-03-26我要投稿论坛

FavoriteSleetispartofaperson'sdaily

reveraldifferent

stagesofsleep,andtheytoooccurin

reanaveragesleeper,your

ufist

driftoffintoslumber,youreyeswillroll

aboutabit,youtemperaturewilldrop

slightly,yourmuscleswillrelax,andyour

breathingwellslowandbecomequite

ainwavesslowand

ainwaves

slowdownabittoo,withthealpha

thenexthalfhourorso,asyourelaxmore

andmore,youwilldriftdownthrough

eryour

yourbrainwaveswill

out40to69minutesafteryou

loconsciousnessyouwillhavereached

ainwill

showthelargeslowwavesthatareknown

stage4sleep.

Youdonotremainatthisdeepfourth

stageallnightlong,butinsteadabout80

minutesafteryoufallintoslumber,your

brainactivitylevelwillincreaagain

tarhythmwilldisappear,

tobereplacedbytheactivitypatternof

eswillbegintodart

aroundunderyourclodeyelidsasifyou

werelookingatsomethingoccurringin

riodofrapideye

movementlastsforsome8to15minutes

ringREM

sleepperiod,yourbodywillsoonrelax

again,yourbreathingwillslipgentlyback

fromstage1tostage4sleep----onlyto

rionceagaintothesurfaceofnear

consciousnesssome80minuteslater.

专治男女记不住单词的秘密5天5

夜突破英语听说，100%保证！！——点击

进入

【推荐】和老外一对一聊天练口语学习

交友的好去处

将本页收藏到：人人网QQ空间开心网

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上一篇：新东方英语背诵文选mp3和文

本48Bacteria

下一篇：新东方英语背诵文选mp3和文

本ndTemperature※相关链

接※

·新东方英语背诵文选mp3和文本49

Sleep

热点下载推

From:

/englisharticle/xind

ongfang/2007-03-26/新东方英

语背诵文选mp3和文本nd

Temperature

Source:2007-03-26我要投稿论坛

Favorite

Cellscannotremainaliveoutsidecertain

limitsoftemperatureandmuchnarrower

limitsmarktheboundariesofeffective

systemsofmammals

andbirdsaremostefficientonlywithina

narrowrangearound37C;adepartureofa

fewdegreesfromthisvalueriously

ough

cellscansurvivewiderfluctuationsthe

integratedactionsofbodilysystemsare

nimalshaveawider

toleranceforchangesofbodily

temperature.

Forcenturiesithasbeenrecognizedthat

mammalsandbirdsdifferfromother

animalsinthewaytheyregulatebody

characterizingthe

differencehavebecomemoreaccurate

andmeaningfulovertime,butpopular

terminologystillreflectstheolddivision

into"warm-blooded"and"cold-blooded"

species;warm-bloodedincluded

mammalsandbirdswhereasallother

creatureswereconsideredcold-blooded.

Asmorespecieswerestudied,itbecame

evidentthatthisclassificationwas

lizardoradert

iguana-eachcold-blooded----usuallyhasa

bodytemperatureonlyadegreeortwo

belowthatofhumansandsoisnotcold.

Thereforethenextdistinctionwasmade

betweenanimalsthatmaintainaconstant

bodytemperature,calledhome0therms,

andthowhobodytemperaturevaries

withtheirenvironments,called

sclassificationalso

provedinadequate,becauamong

mammalstherearemanythatvarytheir

bodytemperaturesduringhibernation.

Furthermore,manyinvertebratesthatlive

inthedep`hsof`@eo#eafnever`Pperien`

chang!intheepths

n

theoa@anleveexper`ncech`@geInt@e

#hil,oftheDeepwapdr,andhe)p

bh@ytempaaturemahnbnstant&

From:

/englisharticle/xind

ongfang/2007-03-26/e

increaininternationalbusinessandin

foreigninvestmenthascreatedaneedfor

executiveswithknowledgeofforeign

languagesandskillsincross-

ans,

however,havenotbeenwelltrainedin

eitherareaand,conquently,havenot

enjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessin

negotiationinaninternationalarenaas

havetheirforeigncounterparts.

Negotiatingistheprocessof

communicatingbackandforthforthe

involvespersuasionandcompromi,but

inordertoparticipateineitherone,the

negotiatorsmustunderstandthewaysin

whichpeoplearepersuadedandhow

compromiisreachedwithintheculture

ofthenegotiation.

Inmanyinternationalbusiness

negotiationsabroad,Americansare

oftenappearstotheforeignnegotiator

thattheAmericanreprentsalarge

multi-million-dollarcorporationthatcan

affordtopaythepricewithoutbargaining

ricannegotiator'srole

becomesthatofanimpersonalpurveyor

ofinformationandcash.

InstudiesofAmericannegotiatorsabroad,

veraltraitshavebeenidentifiedthat

mayrvetoconfirmthisstereotypical

perception,whileunderminingthe

negotiator'itsin

particularthatcaucross-cultural

misunderstandingaredirectnessand

impatienceonthepartoftheAmerican

rmore,American

negotiatorsofteninsistonrealizingshort-

nnegotiators,onthe

otherhand,mayvaluetherelationship

establishedbetweennegotiatorsandmay

bewillingtoinvesttimeinitforlong-term

rtosolidifythe

relationship,theymayoptforindirect

interactionswithoutregardforthetime

involvedingettingtoknowtheother

negotiator.

From:

/englisharticle/xind

ongfang/2007-03-26/

Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingof

thefilmsmadebefore1927as"silent",

thefilmhasneverbeen,inthefulln

oftheword,every

beginning,musicwasregardedasan

indispensableaccompaniment;whenthe

Lumierefilmswereshownatthefirst

publicfilmexhibitionintheUnitedStates

inFebruary1896,theywereaccompanied

bypianoimprovisationsonpopulartunes.

Atfirst,themusicplayedborenospecial

relationshiptothefilms;an

accompanimentofanykindwassufficient.

Withinaveryshorttime,however,the

incongruityofplayinglivelymusictoa

solemnfilmbecameapparent,andfilm

pianistsbegantotakesomecarein

matchingtheirpiecestothemoodofthe

film.

Asmovietheatersgrewinnumberand

importance,aviolinist,andperhapsa

cellist,wouldbeaddedtothepianistin

certaincas,andinthelargermovie

theaterssmallorchestraswereformed.

Foranumberofyearsthelectionof

musicforeachfilmprogramrested

entirelyinthehandsoftheconductoror

leaderoftheorchestra,andveryoftenthe

principalqualificationforholdingsucha

positionwasnotskillortastesomuchas

theownershipofalargepersonallibrary

heconductor

ldomsawthefilmsuntilthenight

beforetheyweretobeshown(ifindeed,

theconductorwasluckyenoughtoe

themthen),themusicalarrangementwas

normallyimprovidinthegreatesthurry.

Tohelpmeetthisdifficulty,film

distributingcompaniesstartedthe

practiceofpublishingsuggestionsfor

1909,for

example,theEdisonCompanybegan

issuingwiththeirfilmssuchindicationsof

moodas"pleasant","sad","lively".The

suggestionsbecamemoreexplicit,andso

emergedthemusicalcuesheetcontaining

indicationsofmood,thetitlesofsuitable

piecesofmusic,andprecidirectionsto

showwhereonepieceledintothenext.

Certainfilmshadmusicespecially

tfamousof

theearlyspecialscoreswasthat

ith's

filmBirthofaNation,whichwasrelead

in1915.

Note:美国通俗音乐分类：1．Jazz;1)

traditionaljazz----a)blues,代表人物：

BillyHolidayb)ragtime(切分乐曲):代表

人物：ScottJoplinc)NewOrleansjazz(=

Dixielandjazz)eg:LouisArmstron

d)swingeg:GlennMiller,DukeEllington,

etc.e)bop(=bebop,rebop)eg:Lester

Young,CharlieParkeretc.2)modernjazz

------a)cooljazz(=progressivejazz)高雅爵

士乐。Eg:KennyG.b):

CharlesMingus,JohnLewis.c)main

streamjazz.d)avant-gardejazz.e)souljazz.

Eg:SarahVaughn,EllaFitzgeraldf)Latin

music福音音乐，主要源于

arker,Mahalia

.

JohnDenver,TammyWynette,Kenny

Rogers,sic-----------a)rock

androlleg:ElvisPrestley(US),the

Beatles(UK.)b)folkrockEg:BobDylon,

MichaelJackson,MariahCarey,Bruce

Springsteen,LionelRicheetc.c)punkrock

d)acidrocke)rockjazzeg:hlin

f)oreasylistening

From:

/englisharticle/xind

ongfang/2007-03-26/

Theancestryofthepianocanbetracedto

theearlykeyboardinstrumentsofthe

fifteenthandsixteenthcenturies---the

spinet,thedulcimer,

theventeenthcenturytheorgan,the

clavichord,andtheharpsichordbecame

thechiefinstrumentsofthekeyboard

group,asupremacytheymaintaineduntil

thepianosupplantedthemattheendof

vichord's

tonewasmetallicandneverpowerful;

nevertheless,becauofthevarietyof

tonepossibletoit,manycomporsfound

theclavichordasympatheticinstrument

harpsichordwithitsbright,vigoroustone

wasthefavoriteinstrumentforsupporting

thebassofthesmallorchestraofthe

periodandforconcertu,butthe

characterofthetonecouldnotbevaried

savebymechanicalorstructuraldevices.

Thepianowasperfectedintheearly

eighteenthcenturybyaharpsichord

makerinItaly(thoughmusicologistspoint

outveralpreviousinstancesofthe

instrument).Thisinstrumentwascalleda

pianoeforte(sortandloud),toindicate

itsdynamicversatility;itsstringswere

struckbyarecoilinghammerwitha

esweremuch

s

ofmechanicalimprovementscontinuing

wellintothenineteenthcentury,including

theintroductionofpedalstosustaintone

ortosoftenit,theperfectionofametal

frame,andsteelwireofthefinestquality,

finallyproducedaninstrumentcapableof

myriadtonaleffectsfromthemost

delicateharmoniestoanalmost

orchestralfullnessofsound,fromaliquid,

singingtonetoasharp,percussive

brilliance.

NOTE:ings

(弦乐)1)plectrum:harp,lute,guitar,

mandolin;2)keyboard:clavichord,

harpsichord,piano;3)bow:violin,viola,

cello,d（木管）

-winds:piccolo,flute,oboe,clarinet,

bassoon,Englishhorn;ss（铜管）:

Frenchhorn,trumpet,trombone,cornet,

tuba,bugle,saxophone;

percussion（打击组）:kettledrum,bass

drum,snaredrum,castanet,xylophone,

celesta,cymbal,tambourine.

From:

/englisharticle/xind

ongfang/2007-03-26/

AlthoughHenryFord'snameiscloly

associatedwiththeconceptofmass

production,heshouldreceiveequalcredit

forintroducinglaborpracticesaarlyas

1913thatwouldbeconsideredadvanced

evenbytoday'

measureswereimproved,andthework

daywasreducedtoeighthours,compared

withtheten-ortwelve-hourdaycommon

rtoaccommodatethe

shorterworkday,theentirefactorywas

convertedfromtwotothreeshifts.

Inaddition,sickleavesaswellasimproved

medicalcareforthoinjuredonthejob

dMotorCompany

wasoneofthefirstfactoriestodevelopa

technicalschooltotrainspecializedskilled

laborersandanEnglishlanguageschool

fortswereeven

madetohirethehandicappedand

providejobsforformerconvicts.

Themostwidelyacclaimedinnovation

wasthefive-dollar-a-dayminimumwage

thatwasofferedinordertorecruitand

retainthebestmechanicsandto

discouragethegrowthoflaborunions.

Fordexplainedthenewwagepolicyin

alsomentionedthefactthathis

employeeswouldbeabletopurchathe

automobilesthattheyproduced-ineffect

r

toqualifyfortheminimumwage,an

employeehadtoestablishadecenthome

anddemonstrategoodpersonalhabits,

includingsobriety,thriftiness,

industriousness,anddependability.

Althoughsomecriticismwasdirectedat

Fordforinvolvinghimlftoomuchinthe

personallivesofhimployees,therecan

benodoubtthat,atatimewhen

immigrantswerebeingtakenadvantageof

infrightfulways,HenryFordwashelping

manypeopletoestablishthemlvesin

America.

From:

/englisharticle/xind

ongfang/2007-03-26/

Negotiationn.谈判；转让；[口语]顺利的

通过

counterparts.n.相对物；相对应的人；（契

约）副本

compromi（vt.妥协；危害

vi.妥协；让步

n.妥协，和解；折衷

purveyor[pə'veiə]英汉翻译n.承办商；

伙食承办商；供应粮食者；供应货物或

提供服务的人或公司