communication

Communication

ication

processaresign-mediatedinteractionsbetweenatleasttwoagentswhichsharea

repertoireofsignsandmioticrules.

Communicationiscommonlydefinedas"theimpartingorinterchangeofthoughts,

opinions,orinformationbyspeech,writing,orsigns".

Communicationisaprocesswherebyinformationinclodinapackageandischanneled

eiverthendecodesthe

msofcommunicationrequireander,a

message,andanintendedrecipient;howeverthereceiverneednotbeprentorawareof

thender'sintenttocommunicateatthetimeofcommunicationinorderfortheactof

communicationtooccur.

Communic

areauditorymeans,suchasspeech,song,andtoneofvoice,andtherearenonverbal

means,suchasbodylanguage,signlanguage,paralanguage,touch,eyecontact,through

media,i.e.,pictures,graphicsandsound,andwriting.

Humancommunication

Humanspokenandwrittenlanguagescanbedescribedasasystemofsymbolsandthe

d

"language"gelearningis

manlanguagesupatternsofsoundorgesturefor

rethousandsof

humanlanguages,andtheemtosharecertainproperties,eventhoughmanyshared

propertieshaveexceptions.

Non-Verbalcommunication

Non-Verbalcommunicationistheprocessofcommunicatingthroughndingandreceiving

ssagescanbecommunicatedthroughgesture,bodylanguage

orposture;facialexpressionandeyecontact,objectcommunicationsuchasclothing,

hairstylesorevenarchitecture,aswellasthroughanaggregateoftheabove,suchas

balcommunicationplaysakeyroleineveryperson's

daytodaylife,fromemploymenttoromanticengagements.

Speechmayalsocontainnonverbalelementsknownasparalanguage,includingvoice

quality,emotionandspeakingstyle,aswellasprosodicfeaturessuchasrhythm,intonation

andstress.

Likewi,writtentextshaveNon-Verbalelementssuchashandwritingstyle,spatial

arrangementofwords,anteauoftheEnglishwords

emotion(oremote)andicon,anemoticonisasymbolorcombinationofsymbols,suchas:),

udtoconveyemotionalcontentinwrittenormessageform.

Othercommunicationchannelssuchastelegraphyfitintothiscategory,wherebysignals

ignalscaninthemlvesbe

reprentativeofwords,haveshownthat

humanscancommunicatedirectlyinthiswaywithoutbodylanguage,voicetonalityor

words.

CategoriesandFeaturesofNon-VerbalCommunication

dividesnon-verbalcommunicationintofourbroadcategories:

udesfacialexpressions,

toneofvoice,noftouch,nofsmell,andbodymotions.

thetypeofcommunicationthattakesplacethroughcreative

expressions:playinginstrumentalmusic,dancing,paintingandsculpturing.

themechanicaltypeofcommunication,whichincludestheuofsignal

flags,the21-gunsalute,horns,andsirens.

thetypeofcommunicationthatmakesuofreligious,status,or

ego-buildingsymbols.

StaticFeatures

tanceonestandsfromanotherfrequentlyconveysaNon-Verbal

culturesitisasignofattraction,whileinothersitmayreflect

statusortheintensityoftheexchange.

mayprentthemlvesinvariousways:face-to-face,

side-to-side,mple,cooperatingpeoplearelikelytosit

side-by-sidewhilecompetitorsfrequentlyfaceoneanother.

slyonecanbelyingdown,ated,renotthe

louchedorerect?Areourlegs

crosdorourarmsfolded?Suchposturesconveyadegreeofformalityandthe

degreeofrelaxationinthecommunicationexchange.

ghands,touching,holding,embracing,pushing,orpatting

flectanelementofintimacyorafeelingof

(orlackof)attraction.

DynamicFeatures

,frown,raideyebrow,yawn,andsneerallconvey

expressionscontinuallychangeduringinteractionandare

videncethatthemeaningofthe

expressionsmaybesimilaracrosscultures.

hemostfrequentlyobrved,butleastunderstood,cuesisahand

ome

gestures(e.g.,aclenchedfist)haveuniversalmeanings,mostoftheothersare

individuallylearnedandidiosyncratic.

onvey

emotion,signalwhentotalkorfinish,quencyofcontactmay

suggesteitherinterestorboredom.

Visualcommunication

econveyanceofideasand

ilyassociatedwithtwo

dimensional(SeealsoThreedimensional)images,itincludes:signs,typography,drawing,

graphicdesign,illustration,rm

orestheideathatavisualmessagewithtexthas

agreaterpowertoinform,mmunicationbyprenting

informationthroughvisualform.

UnderstandingtheFieldofCommunication

Thefieldofcommunicationistypicallybrokenintothreedistinctcamps:human

communication,masscommunications,andcommunicationdisorders.

HumanCommunicationorCommunicationStudiesisthestudyofhowindividuals

amplesofthedistinctareasthathumancommunicationscholars

studyare:

InterpersonalCommunication

OrganizationalCommunication

OralCommunication

SmallGroupCommunication

InterculturalCommunication

NonviolentCommunication

Conflict

Rhetoric

PublicSpeaking

MediaandCommunicationsPsychology

ExamplesofMassCommunicationsinclude:

Masscommunication

Graphiccommunication

Sciencecommunication

StrategicCommunication

Superluminalcommunication

Technicalcommunication

Publicrelations

BroadcastMedia

Journalism

MediaandCommunicationsPsychology

ExamplesofCommunicationDisordersinclude:

FacilitatedCommunication

ImpairmentofLanguageModality

SpeechDisorders

Oralcommunication

Oralcommunicationisaprocesswherebyinformationistransferredfromanderto

receiver;ingeneralcommunicationisusuallytransferredbybothverbalmeansandvisual

eivercouldbeanindividualperson,agroupofpersons

orevenanaudience.

Thereareafewoforalcommunicationtypes:discussion,speeches,prentations,etc.

However,oftenwhenyoucommunicatefacetofacethebodylanguageandyourvoice

tonalityhasabiggerimpactthantheactualwordsthatyouaresaying.

"Communicationis55%bodylanguage,38%toneofvoice,7%contentofwords",the

so-called"7%-38%-55%rule”.Forexample,apersonsaying"I'mdelightedtomeetyou"

whilemumbling,hunchedover,andlookingawaywillbeinterpretedasinsincere.

Youcannoticethatthecontentorthewordthatyouareusingisnotthedeterminingpart

“howyousayit”

mple,two

personssayingthesamejoke,oneofthemcouldmaketheaudiencedielaughingrelatedto

r,thecondpersonthathastheexact

samewordscouldmaketheaudiencestareatoneanother.

Inanoralcommunication,itispossibletohavevisualaidhelpingyoutoprovidemore

nough,weuaprentationprograminprentationsrelated

toourspeechtofacilitateorenhancethecommunicationprocess.

WrittenCommunication

itten

ncommunicationispracticedin

manydifferentlanguages.E-mails,reports,articlesandmemosaresomeofthewaysof

ttencommunicationcanbeeditedand

amendedmanytimesbeforeitiscommunicatedtothecondpartytowhomthe

oneofthemainadvantagesofusingwritingasthemajor

ncommunicationisudnotonlyin

SMSisanexampleof

informalwrittencommunication.