TraditionalChineweddingcustoms
中国传统婚俗
TraditionalChineweddingcustomsareconsideredasthefoundationof
ngisusuallyagrandoccasion
reeightmajorproceduresofa
wedding,includingproposalmaking,birthdaymatching,marriage
divination,betrothalgiftsprenting,weddingdatefixing,dowryurging,
welcomingthebridetotheweddingandperformingtheformalwedding
ceremony.
Theprocedureofbirthdaymatchingwastheprocessinwhichtheboy's
familyaskedthematchmakertogotothegirl'sfamilytoenquireabout
,theboy'sparentswouldndthegirl's
andtheirson'snamesandbirthdatestoasorcererorfortunetellerfor
foretellingoftheluckofthemarriagewaswhatwascalled"marriage
divination".
IfaccordingtoChineastrologythecouplewascompatibleandboth
familiesagreedtothemarriage,theboy'sfamilywouldthennd
betrothalgiftstothegirl'rothalgiftsmainlyincluded
clothes,jewelries,gold,tion,agildedsilver
coinbearingtheword"qiu"(meaning"proposal")wasamongthegifts.
Thegirl'sfamilywouldndbackanothercoinbearingtheword"yun"
(meaning"agreed"),the
marriagewasconfirmed.
Then,
everythingwasready,theboy'sfamilywouldinviteafortunetellerto
chooaweddingdatebelievedtobringthemostlucktothecouple
hedatewasfixed,the
boy'sfamilywouldndsomeonetoinformthegirl'sfamilyofit,which
waspartoftheprocedureoffixingtheweddingdate.
Duringtheperiodbetweentheweddingdatettlementandwelcoming
thebride,theboy'sfamilywouldcustomarilyurgethegirl'sfamilyto
ndherdowryinforbridalchamberdecoration,otherwithewedding
eingurged,thegirl'sfamilywould
begintopreparethedowry,whichwouldbenttotheboy'sfamilyona
untandqualityofthedowrywoulddeterminethe
girl'sfuturestatusinherhusband'sfamily.
Welcomingthebridetotheweddingandperformingtheformalwedding
ceremonywouldbeconductedonthesameday,whichwastheclimaxof
eddingday,thebridegroom's
familywouldwelcomethebridetotheweddinginabridaldan
recrackerxplodingand
bandplaying,asthe
bridearrivedatthegroom'shome,thecouplewouldperformformalbows.
Theritualswerealsocalled"bowingtoHeavenandEarth",whichwere
conductedtogainapprovalofthemarriagefromgods,divinities,
ancestorsaswellasfromparents,oldergenerations,relativesand
neighborsinthemortalworld.
Afterthebowingrituals,thecouplewouldenterthebridalchamber,
followedbyritualslikesittingonthebed,throwinghappiness-embodying
hat,relativesandfriendsto
,weddingguests,
oldandyoung,wouldplaybridalchamberpranksandwouldn'tleavetill
,theweddingceremonywasfinished.
TraditionalChineweddingcustomshavebeenaroundforthousandsof
yvaryfromplacetoplaceandtimetotime,buthavebeen
holdinganimportantpositioninthelivesofChinepeople,causinga
far-reachingimpactonthewaytheChineleadtheirlives.
中国是一个有56个民族的大国。不同的民族有不同的婚俗。但无论是哪个民族,结婚仪式
都很复杂。传统的中国婚礼仪式包括6个必备步骤,它们是:说媒、定亲、聘礼、迎娶、拜
堂(三鞠躬)、喝交杯酒等六步。此外,如今一个标准的中国婚礼会如下进行:在一对新人
订婚后,接下来就是挑选吉日成亲。大部分人会挑选节假日或某个中国的传统节日为的是亲
戚朋友们能来参加婚礼。不过,有一些人,尤其是乡下人很有可能请算命先生挑个结婚的吉
日(通常是双日子),这样就是双喜临门了。婚礼庆典很隆重,最后是很奢华的婚宴。人们
会举杯祝愿新人"但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。"以及早生贵子等等。
entnationalitieshavedifferentmarriage
customs,butwhateverthenationalityis,
traditionalChinemarriageusuallyinvolves6necessaryprocedures,namely:match-making,
engagement,betrothalprents,meetingthebride,threebows,
addition,atypicalChineweddingnowadaysgoeslikethis:whenanewcoupleingaged,what
oplewouldfavorabankholidayor
specr,quiteafew
others,especiallythointhecountryside,wouldprobablyaskafortune-tellerforalucky
date(usuallyanevennumber)sothattheirmarriagewouldhave"DoubleHappiness".Thewedding
ceremonyisusuallypresidedwarmly,andtheweddingceremonyveryoftenendswithavery
aremadetowishthenewcouplelonglife,eternalloveandhappiness,
earlybirthofahealthybabyandsoon.
之二
ChineWeddingTraditions
RedistheColorofWeddingsinChina
ifieslove,joyandprosperityandisudina
de'sweddingdownisoftenred,asarethe
weddinginvitations,ebrideand
groom'shomesaredecoratedinredontheweddingday.
BeforetheChineWeddingDay
Beforeherweddingcelebration,aChinebridetraditionallygoesintoclusionwithherclost
inecustomgivesthebride-to-besometimetosymbolicallymournthelossof
herfriendsandfamily.
Sometimebeforethecouplearemarried,thegroom'sfamilycarriesweddinggiftsinredbaskets
andboxestothebride'hebasketswillcontain"uangsusu"or'milkmoney'.
Otherswillcontainpersonalthingsforthebride,sothatonherweddingdayallofherpersonal
belongingswillbeinthegroom'detakesthegiftstoanotherroomwheretheyare
aysbeforetheweddingday,womenfromthebride'sfamilyreciprocate,
bearinggifts--includingsome'returns'--inredwrappingstothegroom'sfamily.
TheDayoftheWeddingCeremony
WeddinganniversariesinChina,so
customaryforcouplestobemarriedonthehalf-hourortheirweddingdayratherthanatthetopof
way,thecouplebeginstheirnewlivestogetheronan'upswing',whilethehands
oftheclockaremovingup,ratherthandown.
Onthemorningofhisweddingday,om
gsgiftsofcash,
wrappedinredtissue,togivetohisbride'sfriends,inexchangefor'lettinghergo'.Insome
families,theweddingcouplervesteatobothtsofparentswhilekneelinginfrontofthem.a
deandgroomthenleavefortheweddingsite
together.
ChineMarriageCeremonyandWeddingReception
Theweddingceremonyisusuallyattendedonlybythecouples'terthe
ceremonyandbeforetheweddingreception,thebridewhohonorstraditionwillrveteatoher
plewillusuallygotoaprofessionalstudioforwedding
dingreception,anelaboratestandingonly
affair.
Aechis
ditionalweddingcakeisimmen,withmanylayers.
Thelayerssymbolizealadderthattheycouplewill'climbtosuccess',socoupleswillcutthecake
tingofthecakeistheonlyeventofthereception.
Thebrideandgroomfeedeachotherapieceofcakewitharmntwined,tryingnottodestroythe
bride'isthencutforeachoftheparentsandforthegrandparents,who
mesaweddingtoastisgivenand
lentertainment,whichranges
fromasimplekeyboardplayertoasymphonyororchestra,accompaniesthereceivinglineItis
elaborateChine
weddings,asit-downreceptionmayfeaturea9or10courmealaswellasmusical
entertainment.
Chinebridesoftenchangeoutfitsatleastthreetimesduringthereception.
entnationalitieshavedifferentmarriage
customs,butwhateverthenationalityis,theweddingceremonyisusuallyverycomplicated.
ThetraditionalChinemarriageusuallyinvolves6necessaryprocedures,namely:
match-making,engagement,betrothalprents,meetingthebride,threebows,anddrinking
tion,atypicalChineweddingnowadaysgoeslikethis:whenanewcouple
ingaged,oplewouldfavora
bankholidayorspecialChinefestivalfortheirrelativesandfriendstoattendthewedding.
However,quiteafewothers,especiallythointhecountryside,wouldprobablyaska
fortune-tellerforaluckydate(usuallyanevennumber)sothattheirmarriagewouldhave"Double
Happiness".Theweddingceremonyisusuallypresidedwarmly,andtheweddingceremonyvery
oftenendswithaveryextravagantbanquet.
Toastsaremadetowishthenewcouplelonglife,eternalloveandhappiness,earlybirthofa
healthybabyandsoon.
AtatraditionalChinewedding,rsthe
bride'epeoplecalltheveil,madeofalacedsilksquare,redheadcover.
ThispracticedatesbacktotheQiPeriod(479-502)oftheNorthernandSouthernDynasties.
Theheadcoverwasudbywomenfarmerstoprotecttheirheadsagainstcoldwindorhot
dbeaclothofanycolorandwasbigenoughtocover
practicaluandornamentalfunction,theheadcoverbecameawidespread
custom.
BythebeginningofTangDynasty(618-907),thecoverhadbecomealongveildowntothe
,EmperorLiLongjimadea
ndedthatallmaids-in-waitinginthepalaceaddapieceofgauzetothehead
becameafashionamongthecommons.
Butthecommonsmadeadifferenceofthecover'edays,women'sfaceswere
nddidnotwanthisbeautifulwifetobeanattractiontomen.
thewifereadilyacceptedtheveiltoshowherloyaltytoherhusband.
Graduallytheveilsbecamepopularamongbothmarriedandunmarriedwomenwhowere
dayveilscanstillbeen
insomeotherplacesintheworld.
Thiscustomlastedabout1,terJinDynasty(936-946),aveilbecameamust
colorofthebride'sveilisalwaysredasitisthesymboliccolor
ofhappiness.
1.送聘礼:婚礼前,男方就要到女方家送迎亲的聘礼。广州的风俗是要送鸡(意味着有生气)、
椰子(有爷有子,天伦之福)、礼饼(送给女方的亲戚),而且还要送礼金,意味着男方家有钱,
会让女子嫁过去享福。
2.回礼:女方家也会接着回礼,礼物包括槟榔(意味着新郎)。
3.安床:在结婚前一晚上,女方会找一个有福气的男人(家庭美满,父母健在,有儿子)
来安新房的新床,并且把花生、红枣、核桃等意味着早生贵子等好意头的食品放在床头。
4.嫁妆:新娘会在出嫁前,把娘家准备的嫁妆装在一只红皮箱里,等到第二天带到婆家
去。
5.上头:结婚前晚,会选择一个吉时去拜神,拜天地,祈求幸福,并且会通知男方在同
一时间拜。
6.梳头:新娘会请一个有福气的长辈来给自己梳头。
7.吃汤圆:意味着可以圆满成婚,圆满幸福。
婚礼当天的礼仪
1.迎亲:婚礼上午,男方的接亲队伍就要来女方家接亲了。现今,接新娘是整个婚礼的
一大高潮。第一关便是“入门”。若要顺利接得美人归,必须经过一连串智力及体能测试,必
要时还加上歌情话,但最重要的还是丰厚的“开门利市”,众姊妹满意后才开门。新郎应以花
球迎娶新娘(新娘不可自制花球)。
2.找红鞋:新郎会在接新娘的房间里找给新娘穿的红鞋子,给新娘穿上后才能把新娘带
走。
3.敬茶:新人再向双亲奉茶跪拜(若依照旧式俗例,新人未到男家拜见翁姑之前,不可
跪拜,即新人应站着奉茶给女方父母。不过现时已没有这么讲究,想跪便去跪,以示心意)。
4.撑红伞、撒米:由伴娘撑红色伞伴新娘新郎出门,并且会边走边撒米给鸡吃,以免鸡
啄到新娘。
5.绕吉祥路:迎接新娘的车必须绕着市区的吉祥路名的路走一圈。如吉祥路、惠福路等
有好听吉祥之名的路。
6.过门:过门指新娘由女家出门后正式踏入男家,拜见翁姑及男家其他长辈。
7.婚礼:到酒店举行仪式,有司仪会主持仪式。
8.敬客:酒宴开始之后等到上鱼的时候,新娘换上传统的龙凤褂给客人敬茶。
9.入洞房:酒宴结束后新人会和一些朋友开始去新房参观或者娱乐。
10.回门:三朝回门指在婚后第三天,新妇由夫婿陪同,带备烧猪及礼品回娘家祭祖。
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