the in between

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2022年11月26日发(作者:德语培训价格)

TheDifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglish

andBritishEnglish

Name:张琦

Number:110801304

Class:3

Abstract:eprocessofglobalizationcontinuestoaccelerate,thelinksbetween

variouscountrieshasbecomeincreasinglyclo,sothestatusofEnglishhas

stolearnEnglishbyEnglishmajors

hasthecommonlanguageoftheworldtoday,is

thatwecanhavemoreinteractionwithaforeignlanguageplatform.

BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharethetwomajorvarietiesofEnglish

ebelongtothesamelanguage--English,there

isthere'hemdeveloped

independentlywiththedifferenthistoricalbackgrounds,geographyand

,

Englishlearners,itisnecessaryforustogetsomewhatacquaintedwiththe

differencesbetweenthemtohelpourstudyandkeepusfromunnecessary

esomeonewhodoesnotknowBritishandAmericanEnglish

clearly,andhaveaprejudiceaboutBritishandAmericanEnglish,likethat

"whichisbetter?"ThisthesismakesananalysisandcomparisonofBritish

EnglishandAmericanEnglishintermsofhistory,pronunciation,spelling,

vocabularyandgrammar,hopingtohelpyoucompletelyandobjectively

knowthedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.

fall,I

hEnglishAmerican

r,since1775theUnitedStatessincethewarof

independence,astheAmericansclaimlanguageshouldgetridoftheBritishyoke,as

wellaconomic,geographicalandhistoricalreasonsforthechanges,InEnglish

pronunciation,Infact,notonlyinpronunciationbutalsoinwording,spellingand

grammar,AmericanandEnglish,therearesomedifferences.

Part2isthemainbody,whichcanbedividedinto3chapters:Pronunciationspelling

Thirdpartistheconclusion.

Keywords:AmericanEnglishBritishEnglishDifferencesPronunciation

Usage

摘要:1.随着全球化进程不断加快,各个国家之间的联系变得越来越紧密,因此,英语的地

位变得越来越重要。所以学好英语对我们英语专业者而言是必要的。英语作为如今世

界通用语言,是我们能够与国外进行更多交流的一种语言平台。英式英语和美式英语

是当今世界两种最为主要的英语变体,它们隶属同一种语言——英语,两者间有着必

然的联系。由于它们各自成长于不同的历史背景和地域文化,两者之间也存在许多差

异。事实上,两者之间的差异并不只是在偶尔的语音或拼写上表现出来而已。据1986

年的统计,世界上以英语为母语的人近4亿,差不多每十个人中就有一个人讲英语。

英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国家的人都讲英语。世界上约有20个国家

把英语作为官方语言或第二语言使用,共计约有8亿人。也就是说,世界上差不多每

五个人中有一个人至少在一定程度上懂英语。英语已经成为当今世界数十个国家的官

方语言,这些国家独占了全世界70%以上的财富,不懂英语就意味着跟这70%的机

会无缘。另有一大批原本的非英语国家,如我们的近邻日本韩国,随着经济起飞,跟

国际市场快速融合,英语早已普及化,大众化,大大改变了这些国家的语言使用面貌。

调查显示,在这些国家,英语水平跟个人社会地位等级明显成正比。作为英语学习者,

我们应该清楚他们之间的区别,以便在使用的过程中避免一些不必要的错误。由于对

英语与美语了解不全面,许多人对英语或美语存有偏见,认为其中的某一种更优越。

通过此文对英式英语和美式英语历史、读音、拼写、词汇以及语法几个方面的分析和

比较,希望能够帮助大家全面客观地看待英式英语和美式英语的区别。

2.本文可划分为三个部分。首先第一部分是介绍,我会为大家整体介绍一下英语的起

源和具体发展过程。美国英语同英国英语原本一体。然而,自1775年美国独立战争以

来,由于美国人要求语言文字也要摆脱英国的羁绊,以及经济、地理的原因和历史的

变迁,美国英语和英国英语逐渐形成了一些变异。在英语发音方面,我们应该采取什

么标准呢?是英国发音呢?还是美国发音呢?事实上,不仅在发音方面,而且在用词、

拼写和语法方面,美语和英语都存在一些差异。早在1933年,丹麦哥本哈根大学英语

教授叶斯泊森就指出过:“在英语发音方面,我们应该采取什么标准呢?是英国发音

呢?还是美国发音呢?”事实上,不仅在发音方面,而且在用词、拼写和语法方面,

美语和英语都存在一些差异。第二部分是文章的主体,主要分为三个要点。1语音差

异。2.拼写差异3用词差异最后的第三部分是总结,

关键词:美国英语英国英语发音差异语法差异拼写差异英语起源

Contents

1TheDifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish

2Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………...4

2.1TheoriginoftheAmericanLanguage…………………………………………………….....4

2.2ThedevelopmentoftheEnglishLanguage……………………………………………………..4

2.3PrentsituationofEnglish………………………………………………………………...4

3Mainbody………………………………………………………………………………………4

Chapter1ThedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish…………………………4

Differencesinpronunciation……………………………………………………………………..4

Differencesinindividualsounds……………………………………………………………...5

Differencesinspelling………………………………………………………………………..6

Chapter2Usagedifferences………………………………………………………………………9

Chapter3Grammardifferences…………………………………………………………………….9

4Conclusion….……………..………………………………………………………………….10

TheDifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglish

andBritishEnglish

Introduction

①anEnglishwithBritishEnglish

r,since1775theUnitedStatessincethewarofindependence,as

theAmericansclaimlanguageshouldgetridoftheBritishyoke,aswellaconomic,

geographicalandhistoricalreasonsforthechanges,AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish

1933,professorofEnglishattheUniversity

ofCopenhagen,DenmarkJespernhadpointedout:"IntheEnglishpronunciation,weshould

takewhatstandard?Britishpronounceit?PronounceitortheUnitedStates?"Infact,notonly

inpronunciation,butalsointerms,spellingandgrammar,AmericanandEnglish,thereare

somedifferences.

②t,thelanguageischanging,and

learnedalotofAmericanEnglishloanwordsandtheUnitedStatesinthefightfor

independenceinthestruggletowinthelanguage,AmericanEnglishandEnglishgradually

increasthedifferencebetweeneachother.

③mplyuthelanguageofpopulationanddevelopmenttrends,

AmericanEnglishinsteadofEnglishislikely.

MainBody:Chapter1thedifferencesonvocabulary

1.1pronunciation(1)Englishwordsometimesoneortwovowelsinunstresdsyllables(mainly

[I])omitorsoften,andAmericanEnglishwordsallsyllablesmustbereadout,andthus,the

AmericanSpeechslowandclearthantheBritish,theBritishhave"swallowed"vowel

phenomenon,mple:

.E

factory[ftri][fctri]

cretary[krtri][krtri]

dormitory[d:mitri][d:mitri]

history[histri][histri]

medicine[medisin][medsin]

interest[intrest][intrist]

(2)[]—[:]:当字母a出现在-s,-f,-th,-lf,-ph,-n等前面时,美国英语读成[],英

国英语读成[:],例如:

.E

answer[ns][:ns]

broadcast[br:dkst][br:dk:st]

staff[stf][st:f]

path[p][p:]

half[hf][h:f]

advance[dvns][dv:ns]

aircraft[krft][kr:ft]

paragraph[prgrf][prgr:f]

(3)[:]—[]:元音字母o为在后接一个爆破辅音的重读闭音节中,英国标准英语读

成[],美语中却读成[:]例如:

.E

job[d:b][db]

body[b:di][bdi]

object[:bdikt][bdikt]

(4)美语中,r在所有的情况下都要发音。而英语中,r除在元音之前外一般不发音,例

如:

.E

modern[mdrn][mdn]

popular[ppjulr][ppjul]

floor[fl][fl:]

(5)非重读音节中的字母e在美语中读成[e],而在英语中却读成[i]例如:

.E

effect[efekt][ifekt]

extend[extend][ikstend]

express[ekspres][ikspres]

(6)以-ile结尾的词,美语读成[il]或[l],英语读成[ail]。例如:

.E

missile[misil][misail]

fertile[f:tl][f:tail]

reptile[reptl][reptail]

(7)以wh-开头的词,美语中读[hw-],英语中读[w-],例如:

.E

when[when][wen]

wheat[hwi:t][wi:t]

(8)[e]—[ei]:凡是美语中读[e]的地方,英国人都读[ei],例如:

.E

date[det][deit]

make[mek][meik]

(9)[]—[]:元音字母u在重读音节中,美国人读成[]英国人读成[]。

.E

up[p][p]

cup[kp][kp]

study[stdi][stdi]

push[p][p]

(10)[u:]—[ju:]:在n-,d-,t-等后面的u和new,美国人读成[u:],英国人读成[ju:],例如:

.E

knew[nu:][nju:]

duke[du:k][dju:k]

tube[tu:b][tju:b]

(11)[i:]—[ai]:元音字母组合ei在美语中读成[i:],在英语中读成[ai:]。例如:

.E

either[i:][ai]

neither[ni:][nai]

(12)[]—[u]:字母o在重读音节中,美国人读成[],英国人读成[u]。例如:

.E

process[prs][prus]

progress[prgres][prugres]

over[v][uv]

token[tkn][tukn]

(13)同一单词,美语和英语发音不同的还有:

.E

actual[ktku][ktjul]

ate[eit][et]

clerk[kl:k][kl:k]

figure[figju][fig]

graduate[rduit][rdjuit]

leisure[li:][le]

mayor[mei][m]

newspaper[nju:zpeip][nju:speip]

organization[:nizein][:naizei]

schedule[skedul][edju:l]

situated[situeitid][sitjueitid]

situation[situein][sitjuein]

tomato[tmeitou][tm:tou]

va[veis][v:z]

rds,twokindsofEnglishspellingisthesame,butthespellingofsomewords,

AmericanEnglishisdifferentfromBritishEnglish,forexample:

(1)美语中以-er结尾的词,英语中有时以-re结尾。例如:

metermetrecentercentre

(2)美语中以-or结尾的词,英语中有时拼成-our,例如:

laborlabourcolorcolour

(3)美语中以-ize结尾的单词,英语中以-i结尾,例如:

memorizememorirealizereali

(4)美语中以in开头的词,英语中有时拼写为en,例如:

incloencloinquiryenquiry

(5)美语中以-结尾的词,英语中以-ce结尾,例如:

defendefencelicenlicence

(6)美语中,有些单词只含有一个-l-,英语中有2个(-ll-)

traveller—travelerinstallment—instalment

(7)美语中有些-g结尾的词,英语中用-gue结尾,例如:

dialogdialoguecatalogcatalogue

(8)美语中-able结尾的复合形容词,英语中仍保留前一个词的词尾,拼写成-eable。例

如:

.E

likablelikeable

lovableloveable

sizablesizeable

1.3wordingdifferences:thesameword,theUnitedStatesandEnglishindifferentwordsto

express,forexample:

ahalf→halfaapartment→flat

barber→men’shairdresrcorn→maize

guy→chapicebox→refrigerator

insurance→assurancenoplace→nowhere

truck→lorrypants→trours

salesgirl→shopassistantsomeplace→somewhere

package→parcelvacation→holidays

tohangup→toringofftodrive→tomotor

coppolice

1.4Syntaxdifferences:AmericanEnglishandEnglishisinsignificant,butthemostprominent

pointis:anEnglishisalwayswiththeauxiliary

verbdo,does,didconstituteinterrogative(Doyouhave...?)Andnegatives(Idonothave...),

butinEnglish,whenhavesaid,"Yes","all,""sick"whennoauxiliaryverbdo,doesanddid

constituteinterrogativeandnegativemode,whilepressingaspecialfiniteverb(anomalous

finites)ofrulesinterrogativeandnegativetype,thatishaveyoua(any)...?,andIhaveno

(notany)....Forexample:

.E

Doyouhaveanybrothers?Haveyouanybrothers?

Doeshehaveahighfever?Hasheahighfever?

Hedoesnthavemuchfever?Hehasntmuchfever?

Chapter2Usagedifferences

TherearecountlessothersmallandinterestingdifferencesbetweenBritish

EnglishandAmericanEnglish,

example:

ForAmericansthenumberbillionhas9zeros(athousandmillion);formost

Britonsithas12zeros(amillion).Zeroitlfisamuchmorecommonwordin

AEthaninBE,anssaythenumber

624assixhundredtwentyfour,whereasinBritishitwouldbesaidsixhundred

andtwentyfour.

Chapter3Grammardifferences:

BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishgrammarismostlyinagreement;therearehowever

someinterestingvariations.

ansuasimplepastteninsomecaswhereBritishpeopleuaprent

perfect.

AE:Hejustwenthome.

BE:Hehasjustgonehome.

redifferencesincertainverbforms:

BE:fit-fittedAE:fit-fit

ansutheverb“have”alittledifferentlyfromBritishpeopleinsomecas.

BE:Haveyougotacold?

AE:Doyouhaveacold?

ansaremuchmorelikelytobetechnicallycorrectintheagreementofcollective

nounandverbformthanBritons.

BE:Theteamsareplayingwell.

AE:Theteamisplayingwell.

rmalspeech,Americanssometimesuadverbformswithout“-ly”.

AE:Helookedatmerealstrange.

BE:Helookedatmereallystrangely.

hone

BE:Hello,isthatJane?

AE:Hello,isthisJane?

Conclusion:AmericanandBritishEnglishwillbetwomajorvariantsofonelanguagebecauof

thesimilaritiesofthebasicwordstock,thebasicgrammarandthebasicphonetic

system,andbecauofrapiddevelopmentofmodernscience,technology,mass

media,andconstantculturalandeconomicexchangesbetweenthetwonations.

BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharethetwomajorvarietiesofEnglish

ebelongtothesamelanguage--English,

thereisthere'hemdeveloped

independentlywiththedifferenthistoricalbackgrounds,geographyand

,

Englishlearners,itisnecessaryforustogetsomewhatacquaintedwiththe

differencesbetweenthemtohelpourstudyandkeepusfromunnecessary

troubles.

References

1郭伯愈,“美语与英语的差异”[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979年3月。

2胡鑫镛,“英语语法五十题”[M].上海:上海教育,1983年

3英国英语和美国英语的词汇差异现象,孟宪友,广东农工商职业技术学院学报,2003,第

1期.

4英语词汇学,汪榕培,王之江,上海外语教育出版社,2008.

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