TheDifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglish
andBritishEnglish
Name:张琦
Number:110801304
Class:3
Abstract:eprocessofglobalizationcontinuestoaccelerate,thelinksbetween
variouscountrieshasbecomeincreasinglyclo,sothestatusofEnglishhas
stolearnEnglishbyEnglishmajors
hasthecommonlanguageoftheworldtoday,is
thatwecanhavemoreinteractionwithaforeignlanguageplatform.
BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharethetwomajorvarietiesofEnglish
ebelongtothesamelanguage--English,there
isthere'hemdeveloped
independentlywiththedifferenthistoricalbackgrounds,geographyand
,
Englishlearners,itisnecessaryforustogetsomewhatacquaintedwiththe
differencesbetweenthemtohelpourstudyandkeepusfromunnecessary
esomeonewhodoesnotknowBritishandAmericanEnglish
clearly,andhaveaprejudiceaboutBritishandAmericanEnglish,likethat
"whichisbetter?"ThisthesismakesananalysisandcomparisonofBritish
EnglishandAmericanEnglishintermsofhistory,pronunciation,spelling,
vocabularyandgrammar,hopingtohelpyoucompletelyandobjectively
knowthedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.
fall,I
hEnglishAmerican
r,since1775theUnitedStatessincethewarof
independence,astheAmericansclaimlanguageshouldgetridoftheBritishyoke,as
wellaconomic,geographicalandhistoricalreasonsforthechanges,InEnglish
pronunciation,Infact,notonlyinpronunciationbutalsoinwording,spellingand
grammar,AmericanandEnglish,therearesomedifferences.
Part2isthemainbody,whichcanbedividedinto3chapters:Pronunciationspelling
Thirdpartistheconclusion.
Keywords:AmericanEnglishBritishEnglishDifferencesPronunciation
Usage
摘要:1.随着全球化进程不断加快,各个国家之间的联系变得越来越紧密,因此,英语的地
位变得越来越重要。所以学好英语对我们英语专业者而言是必要的。英语作为如今世
界通用语言,是我们能够与国外进行更多交流的一种语言平台。英式英语和美式英语
是当今世界两种最为主要的英语变体,它们隶属同一种语言——英语,两者间有着必
然的联系。由于它们各自成长于不同的历史背景和地域文化,两者之间也存在许多差
异。事实上,两者之间的差异并不只是在偶尔的语音或拼写上表现出来而已。据1986
年的统计,世界上以英语为母语的人近4亿,差不多每十个人中就有一个人讲英语。
英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国家的人都讲英语。世界上约有20个国家
把英语作为官方语言或第二语言使用,共计约有8亿人。也就是说,世界上差不多每
五个人中有一个人至少在一定程度上懂英语。英语已经成为当今世界数十个国家的官
方语言,这些国家独占了全世界70%以上的财富,不懂英语就意味着跟这70%的机
会无缘。另有一大批原本的非英语国家,如我们的近邻日本韩国,随着经济起飞,跟
国际市场快速融合,英语早已普及化,大众化,大大改变了这些国家的语言使用面貌。
调查显示,在这些国家,英语水平跟个人社会地位等级明显成正比。作为英语学习者,
我们应该清楚他们之间的区别,以便在使用的过程中避免一些不必要的错误。由于对
英语与美语了解不全面,许多人对英语或美语存有偏见,认为其中的某一种更优越。
通过此文对英式英语和美式英语历史、读音、拼写、词汇以及语法几个方面的分析和
比较,希望能够帮助大家全面客观地看待英式英语和美式英语的区别。
2.本文可划分为三个部分。首先第一部分是介绍,我会为大家整体介绍一下英语的起
源和具体发展过程。美国英语同英国英语原本一体。然而,自1775年美国独立战争以
来,由于美国人要求语言文字也要摆脱英国的羁绊,以及经济、地理的原因和历史的
变迁,美国英语和英国英语逐渐形成了一些变异。在英语发音方面,我们应该采取什
么标准呢?是英国发音呢?还是美国发音呢?事实上,不仅在发音方面,而且在用词、
拼写和语法方面,美语和英语都存在一些差异。早在1933年,丹麦哥本哈根大学英语
教授叶斯泊森就指出过:“在英语发音方面,我们应该采取什么标准呢?是英国发音
呢?还是美国发音呢?”事实上,不仅在发音方面,而且在用词、拼写和语法方面,
美语和英语都存在一些差异。第二部分是文章的主体,主要分为三个要点。1语音差
异。2.拼写差异3用词差异最后的第三部分是总结,
关键词:美国英语英国英语发音差异语法差异拼写差异英语起源
Contents
1TheDifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish
2Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………...4
2.1TheoriginoftheAmericanLanguage…………………………………………………….....4
2.2ThedevelopmentoftheEnglishLanguage……………………………………………………..4
2.3PrentsituationofEnglish………………………………………………………………...4
3Mainbody………………………………………………………………………………………4
Chapter1ThedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish…………………………4
Differencesinpronunciation……………………………………………………………………..4
Differencesinindividualsounds……………………………………………………………...5
Differencesinspelling………………………………………………………………………..6
Chapter2Usagedifferences………………………………………………………………………9
Chapter3Grammardifferences…………………………………………………………………….9
4Conclusion….……………..………………………………………………………………….10
TheDifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglish
andBritishEnglish
Introduction
①anEnglishwithBritishEnglish
r,since1775theUnitedStatessincethewarofindependence,as
theAmericansclaimlanguageshouldgetridoftheBritishyoke,aswellaconomic,
geographicalandhistoricalreasonsforthechanges,AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish
1933,professorofEnglishattheUniversity
ofCopenhagen,DenmarkJespernhadpointedout:"IntheEnglishpronunciation,weshould
takewhatstandard?Britishpronounceit?PronounceitortheUnitedStates?"Infact,notonly
inpronunciation,butalsointerms,spellingandgrammar,AmericanandEnglish,thereare
somedifferences.
②t,thelanguageischanging,and
learnedalotofAmericanEnglishloanwordsandtheUnitedStatesinthefightfor
independenceinthestruggletowinthelanguage,AmericanEnglishandEnglishgradually
increasthedifferencebetweeneachother.
③mplyuthelanguageofpopulationanddevelopmenttrends,
AmericanEnglishinsteadofEnglishislikely.
MainBody:Chapter1thedifferencesonvocabulary
1.1pronunciation(1)Englishwordsometimesoneortwovowelsinunstresdsyllables(mainly
[I])omitorsoften,andAmericanEnglishwordsallsyllablesmustbereadout,andthus,the
AmericanSpeechslowandclearthantheBritish,theBritishhave"swallowed"vowel
phenomenon,mple:
.E
factory[ftri][fctri]
cretary[krtri][krtri]
dormitory[d:mitri][d:mitri]
history[histri][histri]
medicine[medisin][medsin]
interest[intrest][intrist]
(2)[]—[:]:当字母a出现在-s,-f,-th,-lf,-ph,-n等前面时,美国英语读成[],英
国英语读成[:],例如:
.E
answer[ns][:ns]
broadcast[br:dkst][br:dk:st]
staff[stf][st:f]
path[p][p:]
half[hf][h:f]
advance[dvns][dv:ns]
aircraft[krft][kr:ft]
paragraph[prgrf][prgr:f]
(3)[:]—[]:元音字母o为在后接一个爆破辅音的重读闭音节中,英国标准英语读
成[],美语中却读成[:]例如:
.E
job[d:b][db]
body[b:di][bdi]
object[:bdikt][bdikt]
(4)美语中,r在所有的情况下都要发音。而英语中,r除在元音之前外一般不发音,例
如:
.E
modern[mdrn][mdn]
popular[ppjulr][ppjul]
floor[fl][fl:]
(5)非重读音节中的字母e在美语中读成[e],而在英语中却读成[i]例如:
.E
effect[efekt][ifekt]
extend[extend][ikstend]
express[ekspres][ikspres]
(6)以-ile结尾的词,美语读成[il]或[l],英语读成[ail]。例如:
.E
missile[misil][misail]
fertile[f:tl][f:tail]
reptile[reptl][reptail]
(7)以wh-开头的词,美语中读[hw-],英语中读[w-],例如:
.E
when[when][wen]
wheat[hwi:t][wi:t]
(8)[e]—[ei]:凡是美语中读[e]的地方,英国人都读[ei],例如:
.E
date[det][deit]
make[mek][meik]
(9)[]—[]:元音字母u在重读音节中,美国人读成[]英国人读成[]。
.E
up[p][p]
cup[kp][kp]
study[stdi][stdi]
push[p][p]
(10)[u:]—[ju:]:在n-,d-,t-等后面的u和new,美国人读成[u:],英国人读成[ju:],例如:
.E
knew[nu:][nju:]
duke[du:k][dju:k]
tube[tu:b][tju:b]
(11)[i:]—[ai]:元音字母组合ei在美语中读成[i:],在英语中读成[ai:]。例如:
.E
either[i:][ai]
neither[ni:][nai]
(12)[]—[u]:字母o在重读音节中,美国人读成[],英国人读成[u]。例如:
.E
process[prs][prus]
progress[prgres][prugres]
over[v][uv]
token[tkn][tukn]
(13)同一单词,美语和英语发音不同的还有:
.E
actual[ktku][ktjul]
ate[eit][et]
clerk[kl:k][kl:k]
figure[figju][fig]
graduate[rduit][rdjuit]
leisure[li:][le]
mayor[mei][m]
newspaper[nju:zpeip][nju:speip]
organization[:nizein][:naizei]
schedule[skedul][edju:l]
situated[situeitid][sitjueitid]
situation[situein][sitjuein]
tomato[tmeitou][tm:tou]
va[veis][v:z]
rds,twokindsofEnglishspellingisthesame,butthespellingofsomewords,
AmericanEnglishisdifferentfromBritishEnglish,forexample:
(1)美语中以-er结尾的词,英语中有时以-re结尾。例如:
metermetrecentercentre
(2)美语中以-or结尾的词,英语中有时拼成-our,例如:
laborlabourcolorcolour
(3)美语中以-ize结尾的单词,英语中以-i结尾,例如:
memorizememorirealizereali
(4)美语中以in开头的词,英语中有时拼写为en,例如:
incloencloinquiryenquiry
(5)美语中以-结尾的词,英语中以-ce结尾,例如:
defendefencelicenlicence
(6)美语中,有些单词只含有一个-l-,英语中有2个(-ll-)
traveller—travelerinstallment—instalment
(7)美语中有些-g结尾的词,英语中用-gue结尾,例如:
dialogdialoguecatalogcatalogue
(8)美语中-able结尾的复合形容词,英语中仍保留前一个词的词尾,拼写成-eable。例
如:
.E
likablelikeable
lovableloveable
sizablesizeable
1.3wordingdifferences:thesameword,theUnitedStatesandEnglishindifferentwordsto
express,forexample:
ahalf→halfaapartment→flat
barber→men’shairdresrcorn→maize
guy→chapicebox→refrigerator
insurance→assurancenoplace→nowhere
truck→lorrypants→trours
salesgirl→shopassistantsomeplace→somewhere
package→parcelvacation→holidays
tohangup→toringofftodrive→tomotor
coppolice
1.4Syntaxdifferences:AmericanEnglishandEnglishisinsignificant,butthemostprominent
pointis:anEnglishisalwayswiththeauxiliary
verbdo,does,didconstituteinterrogative(Doyouhave...?)Andnegatives(Idonothave...),
butinEnglish,whenhavesaid,"Yes","all,""sick"whennoauxiliaryverbdo,doesanddid
constituteinterrogativeandnegativemode,whilepressingaspecialfiniteverb(anomalous
finites)ofrulesinterrogativeandnegativetype,thatishaveyoua(any)...?,andIhaveno
(notany)....Forexample:
.E
Doyouhaveanybrothers?Haveyouanybrothers?
Doeshehaveahighfever?Hasheahighfever?
Hedoesnthavemuchfever?Hehasntmuchfever?
Chapter2Usagedifferences
TherearecountlessothersmallandinterestingdifferencesbetweenBritish
EnglishandAmericanEnglish,
example:
ForAmericansthenumberbillionhas9zeros(athousandmillion);formost
Britonsithas12zeros(amillion).Zeroitlfisamuchmorecommonwordin
AEthaninBE,anssaythenumber
624assixhundredtwentyfour,whereasinBritishitwouldbesaidsixhundred
andtwentyfour.
Chapter3Grammardifferences:
BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishgrammarismostlyinagreement;therearehowever
someinterestingvariations.
ansuasimplepastteninsomecaswhereBritishpeopleuaprent
perfect.
AE:Hejustwenthome.
BE:Hehasjustgonehome.
redifferencesincertainverbforms:
BE:fit-fittedAE:fit-fit
ansutheverb“have”alittledifferentlyfromBritishpeopleinsomecas.
BE:Haveyougotacold?
AE:Doyouhaveacold?
ansaremuchmorelikelytobetechnicallycorrectintheagreementofcollective
nounandverbformthanBritons.
BE:Theteamsareplayingwell.
AE:Theteamisplayingwell.
rmalspeech,Americanssometimesuadverbformswithout“-ly”.
AE:Helookedatmerealstrange.
BE:Helookedatmereallystrangely.
hone
BE:Hello,isthatJane?
AE:Hello,isthisJane?
Conclusion:AmericanandBritishEnglishwillbetwomajorvariantsofonelanguagebecauof
thesimilaritiesofthebasicwordstock,thebasicgrammarandthebasicphonetic
system,andbecauofrapiddevelopmentofmodernscience,technology,mass
media,andconstantculturalandeconomicexchangesbetweenthetwonations.
BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharethetwomajorvarietiesofEnglish
ebelongtothesamelanguage--English,
thereisthere'hemdeveloped
independentlywiththedifferenthistoricalbackgrounds,geographyand
,
Englishlearners,itisnecessaryforustogetsomewhatacquaintedwiththe
differencesbetweenthemtohelpourstudyandkeepusfromunnecessary
troubles.
References
1郭伯愈,“美语与英语的差异”[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979年3月。
2胡鑫镛,“英语语法五十题”[M].上海:上海教育,1983年
3英国英语和美国英语的词汇差异现象,孟宪友,广东农工商职业技术学院学报,2003,第
1期.
4英语词汇学,汪榕培,王之江,上海外语教育出版社,2008.
本文发布于:2022-11-26 11:09:30,感谢您对本站的认可!
本文链接:http://www.wtabcd.cn/fanwen/fan/90/24701.html
版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系,我们将在24小时内删除。
留言与评论(共有 0 条评论) |