rubbish是什么意思

更新时间:2022-11-26 06:27:15 阅读: 评论:0


2022年11月26日发(作者:2020年成人高考英语答案)

关于从句

1、拿到一个从句,首先要正确判断从句类型。

三大从句:

(1)名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

(2)形容词性从句:定语从句

(3)副词性从句:状语从句(时间、地点、条件、目的、结果、原因、让步、方式)

2、区别是什么从句应看主句。

主句不完整时,从句肯定是名词性从句。

主句完整时,从句可能是定语从句,状语从句,

或者是名词性从句里的一种——同位语从句。

名词性从句——主宾表同

主语从句WhatIsayistrue.

宾语从句Hewon’tbelievewhatIsay.

表语从句ThatiswhatIsaid.

同位语从句ItoldthemthenewsthatRocketswonthegametoday.

·怎样选择名词性从句里的引导词:名词性从句中缺什么意思就用什么意思的引导词。缺

名词性成份时,指人用who/whom,指物用what;不缺意思和成份时用that。That只有

在宾语从句中可以省略。例题如下:

1.___theOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisknown.

A.不填

2.Thereisacommonbeliefamongthem___rubbishcanandshouldbeputtogoodu.

3.He’sboughtacottagefor___heretires,withthemoneyhesaved.

4.ItisknowntoallthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.

--DoyouthinkitpossiblethatwetakeoverTaiwan?

--Ofcour.

·It经常在句中当形式主语、宾语,代替真正的主语、宾语,以避免头重脚轻。

例题如下:

1.Itisprettywellunderstood___controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandoutofthe

atmospheretoday.

2.Whydon’tyoubring___tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit?

·在名词性从句中,表“是否”时只用whether不用if。例题如下:

rthepresidentwillcomeisnotknownyet.(主语从句)

blemiswhetherweneedit.(表语从句)

blemwhetherwewillbuildanotherschoolhasn’tbeenttled.(同位语从句)

orriedaboutwhetherhepasdtheEnglishexamination.(介词之后)

n’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.(whether…or/ornot)

’tknowwhethertogo.(动词不定式之前)

形容词性从句——定语从句

·先行词是什么:先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。在定语从句中充当一定的成

分。之所以称它为先行词,是因为不同于普通形容词修饰名词时,形容词位于名词之前。

修饰一个先行词的定语从句(作用相当于形容词)总是放在该先行词之后,也就是说先

行词总是出现在定语从句之前。

·引导词是什么:引导词就是紧跟在主句后,用于引导从句的词。我们根据先行词选择不

同的引导词。如果先行词是:

物:which/that/who

人:who/whom/that/who

时间:when/which/that

地点:where/which/that

reason:从句完整why/forwhich;从句不完整which/that/--

way:从句完整inwhich/that/--;从句不完整which/that/-

例子:Idon’tlikethewayinwhich/that/--youspeaktoyourparents.

Hefoundthewaywhich/thatwasreasonabletosolvetheproblem.

·关于ofwho和ofwhich:当先行词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时(什么的什

么)

物:who+n.=ofwhich+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhich

人:who+n.=ofwhom+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhom

例子:Sheismysisterwhoshirtisblue.

Sheismysister,theshirtofwhomisblue.

Sheismysister,ofwhomtheshirtisblue.

Theroomwhowindowfacessouthismine.

Theroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouthismine.

Theroom,ofwhichthewindowfacessouthismine.

·先行词只能用that不能用which(重点前5种情况)

(1)当先行词是不定代词时,如all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,

none,theone等。

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

(2)先行词被all,few,little,no,every等词修饰时。

Thereisnodifficultythatwecan’tovercome.

(3)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。

ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vewritteninJapane.

(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时

ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.

(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。

Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.

(6)当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或连接词本身是从句的表语时。

Chinaisn’tthecountrythatsheudtobe50yearsago.

(7)当主句是以who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。

Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?

·永远不用that:介词或逗号之后。

·当先行词是时间或地点时,引导词要是:when/where/that/which/--

When=介词+which=介词+时间

Where=介词+which=介词+地点

Which/that=时间或地点

当从句完整时,用when/where/介词+which

当从句不完整时,用which/that/--

例子:Istillrememberthedaysthat/which/--wespentattheasidelastsummer.

Thisisthefactoryinwhich/wherehisparentsudtowork.

Thelibrary__where/inwhich_studentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight.

Thelibrary,_which/that__wasbuiltinthe1930s,needsrepairing.

Thelibrary_which/that/--___youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.

I’llneverforgettheday__when/onwhich_______wefirstmetinthepark.

I’llneverforgetthetime_that/which/--________Ispentoncampus.

I’llneverforgetthetime__that/which____wasspentwithyou.

·as与which的比较:

(1)在非限制性定语从句中,as和which均可替代整个主句。如从句在主句之后,两者

皆可用;如从句在主句之前,用as。

Theyfailedintheexam,as/whichisnatural.

Asisknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.

(2)as“正如……,就像……”

which“这一点/这个/这件事”

HepasdtheCollegeEntranceExamination,Bmadehisparentsveryhappy.

Heiscareless,whichcaudtheaccident.

Heislateagain,as/whichweexpected.

·当先行词被thesame,such,so修饰时,引导词用as或that。

(1)当从句中“主谓宾”齐全时,用that。(2)当从句中“主谓宾”不齐全时,用as。

在thesameas结构中,as也可用that代替。但严格地说,thesameas强调相同,

thesamethat注重同一。

Thiswassodifficultaproblemaswecouldn’tworkout.(后面句子不完整)

Thiswassodifficultaproblemthatwecouldn’tworkitout.(后面句子完整)

Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.

Thisisthesamebookthatyouboughtyesterday.

定语从句练习题part1

manreturnedtoChina,heleft20yearsago.

2.–Whenisyourhusband’sbirthday?

--Thesamedayofmybirthday,___Ican’tforget.

’sputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,__theweathermaybebetter.

ndrovehiscarveryslowlyuntilhecametothefreeway,__thespeedlimitwas60

milesanhour.

.

rs___thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeople

undoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipwithreal-lifepeople.

h

heboy____________yougavethebook____________.

;;to

;;tohim

istheveryplace____________I’manxioustopayavisit.

h

ubeentoHangzhou,____________WestLakeisthemostbeautifulinourcountry?

hestudent____________youborrowedthepen.

whom

eplayersfromJapan,____________areouroldfriends.

rivedatthefarmhou,infrontof____________satasmallboy.

theday____________I’llneverforget.

A./h

terisfrommysister,____________isworkinginBeijing.

book,____________Ican’tremembernow.

itle

leofthat

outhesamedictionary____________wasudyesterday.

odatEnglish,____________weallknow.

17.I’llneverforgetthedays____________wespenttogetherinthecountryside.

which

thebestfilm____________Ihaveeveren.

eonlyoneofthestudents____________fromShanghai.

come

tisoneoftheforeignexpertswho____________inChina.

working

nworking

21.I,who____________inAmerica,feelproudofbeingaChine.

./

failedintheexamagain,____________madehisparentsdisappointed.

torsandnursdid____________theycouldtohelpthewounded.

t

Theydidall(thattheycoulddo)tohelptheboy.

’llneverforgetthepeopleandtheplace____________shevisitedinBeijinglastyear.

nowthereason____________hewaslate?

Doyoubelievethereasonhegaveforhisbeinglate?

part1答案:ACBDAADABDCACBDBCAACCBDAC

定语从句练习题part2

isthemostbeautifulplace_____everyoneallovertheworldwantstovisit?

rything____canbedonebeendone?

./

’tliketheway_____youspeaktoher.

h

rdaterriblenoi,_____broughtherheartintohermouth.

thswillmoveintotheirnewhounextWednesday,____itwillbecompletely

finished.

arkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.

,____departmentIwork,isafriendlywoman.

h

ousuggestatime__itwouldfityoutovisitusandtryoutthemachine?

nter,__youwillspendinHongKong,Iamsure,willbeanotherexcitingholiday.

h

therearchcenter_____youvisitedthemodernequipmentlastmonth?

that

therearchcenter_____youvisitedlastmonth?

that

12.例muum___youvisitedafewdaysago?

例themuum__youvisitedafewdaysago?

例themuum____theexhibitionwasheld?

变为肯定句:

①.Thismuumis__________________youvisitedafewdaysago.

②.Thisisthemuum___________youvisitedafewdaysago.

③.Thisisthemuum__________theexhibitionwasheld.

tellmethereason________youwantedtobreakthewindow?

’tbelievethereason_____youtoldmeyesterday.

15._____ixpected,theFrenchteamwonthefootballmatch.

’treadsuchbooks_____arenotworthreading.

./

17._____isreportedinthenewspaper,DoctorLiwillvisitourtownnextweek.

teforschoolagain,___isoftentheca.

19.____weknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.

heatstheearth,__isveryimportanttous.

____braveaman_____everlived.

‘tread_____books____arenotworthreading.

_____anhonestman_____werespecthim.

_____anhonestman_____werespect.

…..that

obuythesameTVt_____hebought.

thesamebook_____Ilost.

nthesmallhou_____wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather_____hespenthis

childhood.

;;where

;;that

tingwasputoff,_____waxactly_____wewanted.

;;that

;;that

chagoodplace_____everybodywantstovisit_____itiswell-knownalloverthe

world.

;;as

;;as

30.----“Wheredidyoumeetyouroldfriend?”

----“Itwasinthehotel_____Iwasstaying.”

tmistakesinthefollowingntences:

1)Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoarepraid.

2)Isthisschooltheonethatyouworkedlastyear?

3)Isthistheschoolwhereyouvisitedlastyear?

4)Hefailedintheexamination,itmadehismotherangry.

5)Therich,forwhomoneyisnotaproblem,alwaysbuybighousandexpensivecars.

6)I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountry.

7)Witheverythingsheneededbuying,shewenthome.

8)Itwassodifficultaproblemthatnoonecanworkout.

9)ItisthishouthatIwasbroughtup.

10)Itisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass

11)exactlythatIwanted.

12)JackisamanwhomIbelieveishonest.

副词性从句——状语从句

·如何判断一个句子是状语从句:主句完整,从句和主句之间不存在修饰关系,即从句不

像是主句的“形容词”,而是作为主句的“副词”,用于给主句作补充解释的,一般就是

状语从句。

·关于when、while和as:它们都表示“当……时”

(1)when表示“正在这时”,与另一个时间状语since等同,可互换。在高考考点中,when

有几个固定搭配:

beabouttodo….When…当某人或某事正要(马上就)…,这时…

beonthepointofdoing…when…同上

bedoing…when…当某人正在做…或某事正在发生…,这时…

hadjustdone…when…当某人刚完成…或某事刚结束…,这时…

(2)while除了表“当…时”,还有“然而”“虽然”的意思。

Maryaskedmetocareforherpetwhileshewasaway.(当…时)

HelikespopmusicwhileIamfondofclassicalmusic.(而)

WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou.(虽然)

(3)as:

①.表示“随着”+句子

astimewentby;astheeconomydevelops;

②.表示“像”+句子

Itlooksalittleuglyasitis.

③.表示“作为”+短语

treat/regard/consider/thinkof/lookon……as(把…作为…来对待)

④.表示“因为”+句子=becau/since/for

AsyouareSenior3students,youshouldsparenoeffort/painstostudy.

⑤.表示“正如,就像”

Asisknowntoall/weallknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina.

Asanoldsayinggoes,it’snotuntiltheDragonBoatFestivalthatwecanputawaywarmclothes.

⑥.表示“虽然”+倒装句=though放句首(下面的小写abcd分别列出不同的倒装句情况)

a.表语提前

Youngas/thoughheis,hespeaksEnglishfluently.

Childasheis,heknowsalot.(冠词去掉)

b.副词提前

Muchashelikesher,hedarenottellher.

=Although(Though)helikesherverymuch,hedarenottellher.

c.动词提前

Tryasshemay,shestillcouldn’tconvinceherparentsthatshewasmoresuitableforalawyerthan

ateacher.

d.补语提前

Pleasantastheymadeittotravel,wefelttiredafterthelongjourney.

=Althoughtheymadeitpleasanttotravel,wefelttiredafterthelongjourney.

·关于since,before和until

(1)since的用法:译作“自从…以来”“自从那时起”“由于,因为”

①.接时间点:如Ihavestayedinthatcountrysince1995.

要求:谓语动词用现在完成时,而且须是延续性动词。

②.接一段时间+ago:如Theyhavelivedinthathousincetwoyearsago.

要求:谓语动词用现在完成时,而且须是延续性动词。

③.接时间状语从句:如IhavelovedhersinceImetherlasttime./Lilyhasstayedat

homesincesheleftschool.

要求:主句的谓语动词用现在完成时,而且须是延续性动词;从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,

而且须是终止性动词。

④.用于句型“It’s/Ithasbeen+一段时间+since+时间状语从句”中,译作“自

从…以来,已经…(时间)了”。如It’s/hasbeenthreemonthssincehemovedtothis

city.

要求:主句的谓语动词用一般现在时或现在完成时;从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,而且须

是终止性动词。

⑤.用于句型“一段时间+haspasdsince+时间状语从句”中,译作“自从…以来,…

(时间)已经过去了”。如上一例句还可写成:Threemonthshaspasdsincehemoved

tothiscity.

要求:主句的谓语动词用现在完成时,而且动词必须是haspasd;从句的谓语动词用一

般过去时,而且须是终止性动词。

⑥.注意!当since用于否定句时,主句的谓语动词可以是终止性动词。如Hehasn’ten

thefilmsincelastmonth.

⑦.相关词组:“从那时起”:eversince、sincethen、fromthenon.

注:eversince作为一个词组,放句尾可单独使用。如Ihavegivenupsmokingeversince.

另外,还可在since后接句子。since前加ever,只是加重语气而已。如Ihavegivenup

smokingeversinceIcaughtabadcough.

⑧.since还可引导原因状语从句,译作“由于,因为”,相当于becau。如Sincehewaslazy,

hedidn’tfinishhishomework.

(2)before的基本含义是“在……之前”,又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“才”“还没来得

及就……”“趁……”“就”等。具体用法如下:

①.与情态动词can/could连用

这时候从句虽为肯定形式,根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及就”。

BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.

我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。

Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoi,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.

她还没来得及迈步,就听见一声巨响,接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。

②.用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间,距离长,或花费的精力大,译成“才”。

Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawlands.

我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。

Wewaitedalongtimebeforethetrainarrived.

我们等了很长时间火车才到。

③.用于否定句中,强调主句所表达的时间,距离短,或花费的精力小,译成“不到……就”。

Wehadn‘trunamilebeforehefelttired.

我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。

④.主句含有hardly,scarcely等半否定副词时可以译为“刚……就”。

这时候主句应用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。还可以用when替代before如:

Wehadscarcelyreachedtheschoolbefore/whenthebellrang.

我们刚到学校铃声就响了。

⑤.有时还有“宁愿”的意思.

IwouldshootmylfbeforeIapologizedtohim.我宁死也不向他道歉。

⑥.用于It+be/take+时间段+before句型。

在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。

若主句是一般将来时态,从句是一般现在时。若主句是肯定句,意思是“要过多长时间才”;

若主句是否定形式,则翻译成“用不了多久就”。

Itwillbetwoweeksbeforeeverythingreturnstonormal.

两周之后一切才能恢复正常。

Itwillbemanyyearsbeforethesituationimproves.

这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。

Itwon‘tbelongbeforewemeetagain.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。

这时,若主句是一般过去时,从句也是一般过去时。若主句是肯定句,翻译成“多长时间

之后才”。若主句是否定形式,则翻译成“没过多久就”。如:

ItwassometimebeforeIrealizedthetruth.

过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。

Itwasn‘tlongbeforeshebecameabravesolider.

没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。

Afterthatitstilltookvenyearsbeforetheygotmarried.

他们又过了七年才结婚。

⑦.注意!当主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时,before与until有时可以互换。

Itwasanhourbefore/untilthepolicearrived.

(3)until/till表示“直到…才终止…”,即某一行为持续到某一时间之后终止。当句子是肯

定句,且主句谓语动词是持续性时,用until或till;till多用于口语且不能放句首,而until

可以放句首。

not…until…表示“直到…才开始…”,即直到某一时间,某事件才放生,在此之前,

该事件还没发生。当句子是否定句,且主句谓语动词是短暂性时,则用not…until…。

例句:GeorgeworkedforIBMuntil/till2000.(work是持续性动词,用until或till)

Untilhecameuptome,Irecognizedhim.此句错误,应改为

Ididn’trecognizehimuntilhecameuptome.(recognize是短暂性动词,用not…until…)

·关于“一…就…”

Hardly…when…

Nosooner…than…

Assoonas…

Themoment/time/minute/cond+句子

Immediately/Instantly/Directly+句子

Ondoing/名词(如arrival)

Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.

Assoonasthebellrang,Tomranoutoftheclassroom.

Themomentshesawtherobber,shescreamed.

Instantlyhesawthedrowninggirl,hejumpedintotheriver.

Uponarrival/Onarrival/Onarriving,Iwillpayavisittoyoufirst.

·Itis/was+时间点+when(注意与强调句的区别)

Itwasmidnight_____Ifellasleep.

e

Itwasatnoon______wearrivedinthevillage.(强调句)

·Unless如果不(除非)/If如果,引导条件状语从句。

__________yougoallouttodothework,Idon'tthinkyoucanachieveyourgoalasplanned.

Heneverspeaks_____heisspokento,forheisnotmuchofaspeaker.

·asif(though)似乎/仿佛/好像,引导方式状语从句。(常用虚拟语气)

在asif/asthough引导的从句中,若表对现在的虚拟,与现在事实相反,从句的谓语

用过去时态;例句:Heactsasifheknewme.他显得认识我似的。

若表对过去的虚拟,与过去事实相反,则用过去完成时态;例句:Theytreatmeas

thoughIwereastranger.他们待我如陌生人。

若表对将来的虚拟,用would+动词原形。例句:Itlooksasifhewouldnotmarry

her.

·evenif/though即使,引导让步状语从句。

例句:Evenif/thoughsheismybestfriend,Istillcriticizeherattimes.

·inca/forfearthat以防/惟恐,引导目的状语从句。

·例句:

·what/whatever/nomatterwhat;→what(ever)+名词

how/however/nomatterhow;→how(ever)+形容词/副词

例句:Whateverdifficultieswemeetwith,itisbesttofacethemandtrytosolvethem。

Howeverlateitis,I’llwaitforyou.

Nomatterhowbusyheis,heisreadytohelpothers.

注意!Nomatter+疑问词→只引导状语从句

疑问词+ever→引导状语从句或名词性从句

Whateveryousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.=Nomatterwhat(状语从句)

Whoever/Nomatterwhocomes,don’tlethimin.(状语从句)

Iwon’tbelievewhateveryousay.=anythingthat(宾语从句)

Whoever/Anyonewholeaveslastshouldturnoffthelights.(主语从句)

·Where+句子,引导地点状语从句。(特别注意和引导定语从句的区别)

例句:You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.

You’dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.

以上两句字意思相同,但第一个是地点状语从句,后一个是定语从句。

定语从句有先行词THEPLACE,而状语从句没有。状语从句中where引导的句子做地点

状语,不出现theplace。定语从句出现先行词place,再用where引导的定语来修饰theplace。

请你区分:Oh!Thisiswherewecameyesterday.

Thisistheplacewhere/inwhichwecameyesterday.

·引导原因状语从句的一些特殊引导词:

nowthat=since,表示“既然,由于”,引导原因状语从句。

例句:Nowthat/Sinceyoucan'tanswerthequestion,I'llasksomeoneel.既然你

回答不出这个问题,我就问别人了。

inthat=becau,表示“因为”,引导原因状语从句。

notthat…butthat…=notbecau…butbecau…表示“不是因为…而是因为…”,引导原

因状语从句。

·先行词被thesame,such,so修饰时,

Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.同一类东西。

Thisisthesamebookthatyouboughtyesterday.同一件东西,就是那一件。

Thisiswassodifficultaproblem(Thiswassuchadifficultproblem)aswecouldn’tworkout.

(后面句子不完整)

Thiswassodifficultaproblem(Thiswassuchadifficultproblem)thatwecouldn’tworkitout.

(后面句子完整)

状语从句练习

1.Thefamousscientistgrewup____hewasbornandin1930hewenttoShanghai.

er

towastaken______stoodafamoushightower.

tbefirm______youthinkyourlftoberight.

erhow

terhaswrittenmanyEnglishpoems,_______histeachersandfriendshadn’texpected.

ings_____youdescribedarerarenow.

6.______lifepacecontinuestospeedup,wearequicklylosinguptheartofenjoyment.

7.______thedaywenton,theweathergotwor.

8.Afterthewar,anewschoolwasputup_______therehadbeenatheater.

9.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings_______youcanfindthemagain.

10.______itistruethatasuccessfulbusinessmanorinventorwillusuallybecomerich,many

otherpeoplewhoareoutstandingintheirfieldstakelittlenoticeofpersonalposssions.

lknow,itwas_______thatresultedtheterribleaccident.

ngcareless

careless

12.ThewholecountrycheeredonNov.15th_______Chinacompletedacleansweepforthefirst

victoryin18yearsinregainingtheWomen’sVolleyballWorldCuptitle.

13.Hehadtoberemindedtwoorthreetimes______hecouldavoidmakingthesamemistake

A.

14.______youdon’thavemyphonenumber,it’orwardtomeetingyousoon.

ay

isbaggageandhangit_____youcanfindenoughspace.

lnevergivein_____theymightdoorsayaboutourplan.

gh

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