关于从句
1、拿到一个从句,首先要正确判断从句类型。
三大从句:
(1)名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
(2)形容词性从句:定语从句
(3)副词性从句:状语从句(时间、地点、条件、目的、结果、原因、让步、方式)
2、区别是什么从句应看主句。
主句不完整时,从句肯定是名词性从句。
主句完整时,从句可能是定语从句,状语从句,
或者是名词性从句里的一种——同位语从句。
名词性从句——主宾表同
主语从句WhatIsayistrue.
宾语从句Hewon’tbelievewhatIsay.
表语从句ThatiswhatIsaid.
同位语从句ItoldthemthenewsthatRocketswonthegametoday.
·怎样选择名词性从句里的引导词:名词性从句中缺什么意思就用什么意思的引导词。缺
名词性成份时,指人用who/whom,指物用what;不缺意思和成份时用that。That只有
在宾语从句中可以省略。例题如下:
1.___theOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisknown.
A.不填
2.Thereisacommonbeliefamongthem___rubbishcanandshouldbeputtogoodu.
3.He’sboughtacottagefor___heretires,withthemoneyhesaved.
4.ItisknowntoallthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.
--DoyouthinkitpossiblethatwetakeoverTaiwan?
--Ofcour.
·It经常在句中当形式主语、宾语,代替真正的主语、宾语,以避免头重脚轻。
例题如下:
1.Itisprettywellunderstood___controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandoutofthe
atmospheretoday.
2.Whydon’tyoubring___tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit?
·在名词性从句中,表“是否”时只用whether不用if。例题如下:
rthepresidentwillcomeisnotknownyet.(主语从句)
blemiswhetherweneedit.(表语从句)
blemwhetherwewillbuildanotherschoolhasn’tbeenttled.(同位语从句)
orriedaboutwhetherhepasdtheEnglishexamination.(介词之后)
n’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.(whether…or/ornot)
’tknowwhethertogo.(动词不定式之前)
形容词性从句——定语从句
·先行词是什么:先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。在定语从句中充当一定的成
分。之所以称它为先行词,是因为不同于普通形容词修饰名词时,形容词位于名词之前。
修饰一个先行词的定语从句(作用相当于形容词)总是放在该先行词之后,也就是说先
行词总是出现在定语从句之前。
·引导词是什么:引导词就是紧跟在主句后,用于引导从句的词。我们根据先行词选择不
同的引导词。如果先行词是:
物:which/that/who
人:who/whom/that/who
时间:when/which/that
地点:where/which/that
reason:从句完整why/forwhich;从句不完整which/that/--
way:从句完整inwhich/that/--;从句不完整which/that/-
例子:Idon’tlikethewayinwhich/that/--youspeaktoyourparents.
Hefoundthewaywhich/thatwasreasonabletosolvetheproblem.
·关于ofwho和ofwhich:当先行词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时(什么的什
么)
物:who+n.=ofwhich+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhich
人:who+n.=ofwhom+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhom
例子:Sheismysisterwhoshirtisblue.
Sheismysister,theshirtofwhomisblue.
Sheismysister,ofwhomtheshirtisblue.
Theroomwhowindowfacessouthismine.
Theroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouthismine.
Theroom,ofwhichthewindowfacessouthismine.
·先行词只能用that不能用which(重点前5种情况)
(1)当先行词是不定代词时,如all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,
none,theone等。
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(2)先行词被all,few,little,no,every等词修饰时。
Thereisnodifficultythatwecan’tovercome.
(3)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vewritteninJapane.
(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时
ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.
(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。
Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.
(6)当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或连接词本身是从句的表语时。
Chinaisn’tthecountrythatsheudtobe50yearsago.
(7)当主句是以who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。
Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?
·永远不用that:介词或逗号之后。
·当先行词是时间或地点时,引导词要是:when/where/that/which/--
When=介词+which=介词+时间
Where=介词+which=介词+地点
Which/that=时间或地点
当从句完整时,用when/where/介词+which
当从句不完整时,用which/that/--
例子:Istillrememberthedaysthat/which/--wespentattheasidelastsummer.
Thisisthefactoryinwhich/wherehisparentsudtowork.
Thelibrary__where/inwhich_studentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight.
Thelibrary,_which/that__wasbuiltinthe1930s,needsrepairing.
Thelibrary_which/that/--___youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.
I’llneverforgettheday__when/onwhich_______wefirstmetinthepark.
I’llneverforgetthetime_that/which/--________Ispentoncampus.
I’llneverforgetthetime__that/which____wasspentwithyou.
·as与which的比较:
(1)在非限制性定语从句中,as和which均可替代整个主句。如从句在主句之后,两者
皆可用;如从句在主句之前,用as。
Theyfailedintheexam,as/whichisnatural.
Asisknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.
(2)as“正如……,就像……”
which“这一点/这个/这件事”
HepasdtheCollegeEntranceExamination,Bmadehisparentsveryhappy.
Heiscareless,whichcaudtheaccident.
Heislateagain,as/whichweexpected.
·当先行词被thesame,such,so修饰时,引导词用as或that。
(1)当从句中“主谓宾”齐全时,用that。(2)当从句中“主谓宾”不齐全时,用as。
在thesameas结构中,as也可用that代替。但严格地说,thesameas强调相同,
thesamethat注重同一。
Thiswassodifficultaproblemaswecouldn’tworkout.(后面句子不完整)
Thiswassodifficultaproblemthatwecouldn’tworkitout.(后面句子完整)
Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.
Thisisthesamebookthatyouboughtyesterday.
定语从句练习题part1
manreturnedtoChina,heleft20yearsago.
2.–Whenisyourhusband’sbirthday?
--Thesamedayofmybirthday,___Ican’tforget.
’sputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,__theweathermaybebetter.
ndrovehiscarveryslowlyuntilhecametothefreeway,__thespeedlimitwas60
milesanhour.
.
rs___thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeople
undoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipwithreal-lifepeople.
h
heboy____________yougavethebook____________.
;;to
;;tohim
istheveryplace____________I’manxioustopayavisit.
h
ubeentoHangzhou,____________WestLakeisthemostbeautifulinourcountry?
hestudent____________youborrowedthepen.
whom
eplayersfromJapan,____________areouroldfriends.
rivedatthefarmhou,infrontof____________satasmallboy.
theday____________I’llneverforget.
A./h
terisfrommysister,____________isworkinginBeijing.
book,____________Ican’tremembernow.
itle
leofthat
outhesamedictionary____________wasudyesterday.
odatEnglish,____________weallknow.
17.I’llneverforgetthedays____________wespenttogetherinthecountryside.
which
thebestfilm____________Ihaveeveren.
eonlyoneofthestudents____________fromShanghai.
come
tisoneoftheforeignexpertswho____________inChina.
working
nworking
21.I,who____________inAmerica,feelproudofbeingaChine.
./
failedintheexamagain,____________madehisparentsdisappointed.
torsandnursdid____________theycouldtohelpthewounded.
t
Theydidall(thattheycoulddo)tohelptheboy.
’llneverforgetthepeopleandtheplace____________shevisitedinBeijinglastyear.
nowthereason____________hewaslate?
Doyoubelievethereasonhegaveforhisbeinglate?
part1答案:ACBDAADABDCACBDBCAACCBDAC
定语从句练习题part2
isthemostbeautifulplace_____everyoneallovertheworldwantstovisit?
rything____canbedonebeendone?
./
’tliketheway_____youspeaktoher.
h
rdaterriblenoi,_____broughtherheartintohermouth.
thswillmoveintotheirnewhounextWednesday,____itwillbecompletely
finished.
arkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.
,____departmentIwork,isafriendlywoman.
h
ousuggestatime__itwouldfityoutovisitusandtryoutthemachine?
nter,__youwillspendinHongKong,Iamsure,willbeanotherexcitingholiday.
h
therearchcenter_____youvisitedthemodernequipmentlastmonth?
that
therearchcenter_____youvisitedlastmonth?
that
12.例muum___youvisitedafewdaysago?
例themuum__youvisitedafewdaysago?
例themuum____theexhibitionwasheld?
变为肯定句:
①.Thismuumis__________________youvisitedafewdaysago.
②.Thisisthemuum___________youvisitedafewdaysago.
③.Thisisthemuum__________theexhibitionwasheld.
tellmethereason________youwantedtobreakthewindow?
’tbelievethereason_____youtoldmeyesterday.
15._____ixpected,theFrenchteamwonthefootballmatch.
’treadsuchbooks_____arenotworthreading.
./
17._____isreportedinthenewspaper,DoctorLiwillvisitourtownnextweek.
teforschoolagain,___isoftentheca.
19.____weknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
heatstheearth,__isveryimportanttous.
____braveaman_____everlived.
‘tread_____books____arenotworthreading.
_____anhonestman_____werespecthim.
_____anhonestman_____werespect.
…..that
obuythesameTVt_____hebought.
thesamebook_____Ilost.
nthesmallhou_____wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather_____hespenthis
childhood.
;;where
;;that
tingwasputoff,_____waxactly_____wewanted.
;;that
;;that
chagoodplace_____everybodywantstovisit_____itiswell-knownalloverthe
world.
;;as
;;as
30.----“Wheredidyoumeetyouroldfriend?”
----“Itwasinthehotel_____Iwasstaying.”
tmistakesinthefollowingntences:
1)Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoarepraid.
2)Isthisschooltheonethatyouworkedlastyear?
3)Isthistheschoolwhereyouvisitedlastyear?
4)Hefailedintheexamination,itmadehismotherangry.
5)Therich,forwhomoneyisnotaproblem,alwaysbuybighousandexpensivecars.
6)I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountry.
7)Witheverythingsheneededbuying,shewenthome.
8)Itwassodifficultaproblemthatnoonecanworkout.
9)ItisthishouthatIwasbroughtup.
10)Itisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass
11)exactlythatIwanted.
12)JackisamanwhomIbelieveishonest.
副词性从句——状语从句
·如何判断一个句子是状语从句:主句完整,从句和主句之间不存在修饰关系,即从句不
像是主句的“形容词”,而是作为主句的“副词”,用于给主句作补充解释的,一般就是
状语从句。
·关于when、while和as:它们都表示“当……时”
(1)when表示“正在这时”,与另一个时间状语since等同,可互换。在高考考点中,when
有几个固定搭配:
beabouttodo….When…当某人或某事正要(马上就)…,这时…
beonthepointofdoing…when…同上
bedoing…when…当某人正在做…或某事正在发生…,这时…
hadjustdone…when…当某人刚完成…或某事刚结束…,这时…
(2)while除了表“当…时”,还有“然而”“虽然”的意思。
Maryaskedmetocareforherpetwhileshewasaway.(当…时)
HelikespopmusicwhileIamfondofclassicalmusic.(而)
WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou.(虽然)
(3)as:
①.表示“随着”+句子
astimewentby;astheeconomydevelops;
②.表示“像”+句子
Itlooksalittleuglyasitis.
③.表示“作为”+短语
treat/regard/consider/thinkof/lookon……as(把…作为…来对待)
④.表示“因为”+句子=becau/since/for
AsyouareSenior3students,youshouldsparenoeffort/painstostudy.
⑤.表示“正如,就像”
Asisknowntoall/weallknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina.
Asanoldsayinggoes,it’snotuntiltheDragonBoatFestivalthatwecanputawaywarmclothes.
⑥.表示“虽然”+倒装句=though放句首(下面的小写abcd分别列出不同的倒装句情况)
a.表语提前
Youngas/thoughheis,hespeaksEnglishfluently.
Childasheis,heknowsalot.(冠词去掉)
b.副词提前
Muchashelikesher,hedarenottellher.
=Although(Though)helikesherverymuch,hedarenottellher.
c.动词提前
Tryasshemay,shestillcouldn’tconvinceherparentsthatshewasmoresuitableforalawyerthan
ateacher.
d.补语提前
Pleasantastheymadeittotravel,wefelttiredafterthelongjourney.
=Althoughtheymadeitpleasanttotravel,wefelttiredafterthelongjourney.
·关于since,before和until
(1)since的用法:译作“自从…以来”“自从那时起”“由于,因为”
①.接时间点:如Ihavestayedinthatcountrysince1995.
要求:谓语动词用现在完成时,而且须是延续性动词。
②.接一段时间+ago:如Theyhavelivedinthathousincetwoyearsago.
要求:谓语动词用现在完成时,而且须是延续性动词。
③.接时间状语从句:如IhavelovedhersinceImetherlasttime./Lilyhasstayedat
homesincesheleftschool.
要求:主句的谓语动词用现在完成时,而且须是延续性动词;从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,
而且须是终止性动词。
④.用于句型“It’s/Ithasbeen+一段时间+since+时间状语从句”中,译作“自
从…以来,已经…(时间)了”。如It’s/hasbeenthreemonthssincehemovedtothis
city.
要求:主句的谓语动词用一般现在时或现在完成时;从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,而且须
是终止性动词。
⑤.用于句型“一段时间+haspasdsince+时间状语从句”中,译作“自从…以来,…
(时间)已经过去了”。如上一例句还可写成:Threemonthshaspasdsincehemoved
tothiscity.
要求:主句的谓语动词用现在完成时,而且动词必须是haspasd;从句的谓语动词用一
般过去时,而且须是终止性动词。
⑥.注意!当since用于否定句时,主句的谓语动词可以是终止性动词。如Hehasn’ten
thefilmsincelastmonth.
⑦.相关词组:“从那时起”:eversince、sincethen、fromthenon.
注:eversince作为一个词组,放句尾可单独使用。如Ihavegivenupsmokingeversince.
另外,还可在since后接句子。since前加ever,只是加重语气而已。如Ihavegivenup
smokingeversinceIcaughtabadcough.
⑧.since还可引导原因状语从句,译作“由于,因为”,相当于becau。如Sincehewaslazy,
hedidn’tfinishhishomework.
(2)before的基本含义是“在……之前”,又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“才”“还没来得
及就……”“趁……”“就”等。具体用法如下:
①.与情态动词can/could连用
这时候从句虽为肯定形式,根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及就”。
BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.
我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。
Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoi,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.
她还没来得及迈步,就听见一声巨响,接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。
②.用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间,距离长,或花费的精力大,译成“才”。
Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawlands.
我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。
Wewaitedalongtimebeforethetrainarrived.
我们等了很长时间火车才到。
③.用于否定句中,强调主句所表达的时间,距离短,或花费的精力小,译成“不到……就”。
Wehadn‘trunamilebeforehefelttired.
我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
④.主句含有hardly,scarcely等半否定副词时可以译为“刚……就”。
这时候主句应用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。还可以用when替代before如:
Wehadscarcelyreachedtheschoolbefore/whenthebellrang.
我们刚到学校铃声就响了。
⑤.有时还有“宁愿”的意思.
IwouldshootmylfbeforeIapologizedtohim.我宁死也不向他道歉。
⑥.用于It+be/take+时间段+before句型。
在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。
若主句是一般将来时态,从句是一般现在时。若主句是肯定句,意思是“要过多长时间才”;
若主句是否定形式,则翻译成“用不了多久就”。
Itwillbetwoweeksbeforeeverythingreturnstonormal.
两周之后一切才能恢复正常。
Itwillbemanyyearsbeforethesituationimproves.
这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。
Itwon‘tbelongbeforewemeetagain.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。
这时,若主句是一般过去时,从句也是一般过去时。若主句是肯定句,翻译成“多长时间
之后才”。若主句是否定形式,则翻译成“没过多久就”。如:
ItwassometimebeforeIrealizedthetruth.
过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。
Itwasn‘tlongbeforeshebecameabravesolider.
没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。
Afterthatitstilltookvenyearsbeforetheygotmarried.
他们又过了七年才结婚。
⑦.注意!当主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时,before与until有时可以互换。
Itwasanhourbefore/untilthepolicearrived.
(3)until/till表示“直到…才终止…”,即某一行为持续到某一时间之后终止。当句子是肯
定句,且主句谓语动词是持续性时,用until或till;till多用于口语且不能放句首,而until
可以放句首。
not…until…表示“直到…才开始…”,即直到某一时间,某事件才放生,在此之前,
该事件还没发生。当句子是否定句,且主句谓语动词是短暂性时,则用not…until…。
例句:GeorgeworkedforIBMuntil/till2000.(work是持续性动词,用until或till)
Untilhecameuptome,Irecognizedhim.此句错误,应改为
Ididn’trecognizehimuntilhecameuptome.(recognize是短暂性动词,用not…until…)
·关于“一…就…”
Hardly…when…
Nosooner…than…
Assoonas…
Themoment/time/minute/cond+句子
Immediately/Instantly/Directly+句子
Ondoing/名词(如arrival)
Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.
Assoonasthebellrang,Tomranoutoftheclassroom.
Themomentshesawtherobber,shescreamed.
Instantlyhesawthedrowninggirl,hejumpedintotheriver.
Uponarrival/Onarrival/Onarriving,Iwillpayavisittoyoufirst.
·Itis/was+时间点+when(注意与强调句的区别)
Itwasmidnight_____Ifellasleep.
e
Itwasatnoon______wearrivedinthevillage.(强调句)
·Unless如果不(除非)/If如果,引导条件状语从句。
__________yougoallouttodothework,Idon'tthinkyoucanachieveyourgoalasplanned.
Heneverspeaks_____heisspokento,forheisnotmuchofaspeaker.
·asif(though)似乎/仿佛/好像,引导方式状语从句。(常用虚拟语气)
在asif/asthough引导的从句中,若表对现在的虚拟,与现在事实相反,从句的谓语
用过去时态;例句:Heactsasifheknewme.他显得认识我似的。
若表对过去的虚拟,与过去事实相反,则用过去完成时态;例句:Theytreatmeas
thoughIwereastranger.他们待我如陌生人。
若表对将来的虚拟,用would+动词原形。例句:Itlooksasifhewouldnotmarry
her.
·evenif/though即使,引导让步状语从句。
例句:Evenif/thoughsheismybestfriend,Istillcriticizeherattimes.
·inca/forfearthat以防/惟恐,引导目的状语从句。
·例句:
·what/whatever/nomatterwhat;→what(ever)+名词
how/however/nomatterhow;→how(ever)+形容词/副词
例句:Whateverdifficultieswemeetwith,itisbesttofacethemandtrytosolvethem。
Howeverlateitis,I’llwaitforyou.
Nomatterhowbusyheis,heisreadytohelpothers.
注意!Nomatter+疑问词→只引导状语从句
疑问词+ever→引导状语从句或名词性从句
Whateveryousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.=Nomatterwhat(状语从句)
Whoever/Nomatterwhocomes,don’tlethimin.(状语从句)
Iwon’tbelievewhateveryousay.=anythingthat(宾语从句)
Whoever/Anyonewholeaveslastshouldturnoffthelights.(主语从句)
·Where+句子,引导地点状语从句。(特别注意和引导定语从句的区别)
例句:You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.
You’dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.
以上两句字意思相同,但第一个是地点状语从句,后一个是定语从句。
定语从句有先行词THEPLACE,而状语从句没有。状语从句中where引导的句子做地点
状语,不出现theplace。定语从句出现先行词place,再用where引导的定语来修饰theplace。
请你区分:Oh!Thisiswherewecameyesterday.
Thisistheplacewhere/inwhichwecameyesterday.
·引导原因状语从句的一些特殊引导词:
nowthat=since,表示“既然,由于”,引导原因状语从句。
例句:Nowthat/Sinceyoucan'tanswerthequestion,I'llasksomeoneel.既然你
回答不出这个问题,我就问别人了。
inthat=becau,表示“因为”,引导原因状语从句。
notthat…butthat…=notbecau…butbecau…表示“不是因为…而是因为…”,引导原
因状语从句。
·先行词被thesame,such,so修饰时,
Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.同一类东西。
Thisisthesamebookthatyouboughtyesterday.同一件东西,就是那一件。
Thisiswassodifficultaproblem(Thiswassuchadifficultproblem)aswecouldn’tworkout.
(后面句子不完整)
Thiswassodifficultaproblem(Thiswassuchadifficultproblem)thatwecouldn’tworkitout.
(后面句子完整)
状语从句练习
1.Thefamousscientistgrewup____hewasbornandin1930hewenttoShanghai.
er
towastaken______stoodafamoushightower.
tbefirm______youthinkyourlftoberight.
erhow
terhaswrittenmanyEnglishpoems,_______histeachersandfriendshadn’texpected.
ings_____youdescribedarerarenow.
6.______lifepacecontinuestospeedup,wearequicklylosinguptheartofenjoyment.
7.______thedaywenton,theweathergotwor.
8.Afterthewar,anewschoolwasputup_______therehadbeenatheater.
9.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings_______youcanfindthemagain.
10.______itistruethatasuccessfulbusinessmanorinventorwillusuallybecomerich,many
otherpeoplewhoareoutstandingintheirfieldstakelittlenoticeofpersonalposssions.
lknow,itwas_______thatresultedtheterribleaccident.
ngcareless
careless
12.ThewholecountrycheeredonNov.15th_______Chinacompletedacleansweepforthefirst
victoryin18yearsinregainingtheWomen’sVolleyballWorldCuptitle.
13.Hehadtoberemindedtwoorthreetimes______hecouldavoidmakingthesamemistake
A.
14.______youdon’thavemyphonenumber,it’orwardtomeetingyousoon.
ay
isbaggageandhangit_____youcanfindenoughspace.
lnevergivein_____theymightdoorsayaboutourplan.
gh
本文发布于:2022-11-26 06:27:15,感谢您对本站的认可!
本文链接:http://www.wtabcd.cn/fanwen/fan/90/23415.html
版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系,我们将在24小时内删除。
留言与评论(共有 0 条评论) |