高二英语语法

高二英语必修二语法知识点归纳

Well-knownfortheirexperti,hisparents’

company…..

Confudbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelack

offreshair.

Exhausted,Islidintothebedandfellfastasleep.

过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情

况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被

动关系，表示被动和完成，vi过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。

Heated,waterchangesintosteam.

Theprofessorcamein,followedbyagroupofyoung

people.

1作原因状语，等于as/since/becau引导从句

Movedbywhatshesaid,wecouldn’thelpcrying.=

(Aswearemovedbywhatshesaid…

2作时间状语，等于when引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作

与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/while/until等使时

间意义更明确。

Whenheated,watercanbechangedintosteam.

Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.=

(Whentheparkisenfromthehill…

3作条件状语等于if/whether引导从句

Givenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrown

better.=(Iftheyhavebeengivenmoreattention….

Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo=

(Ifwearecomparedwithyou

4作方式或伴随状语

Theactresscamein,followedbyherfans.

Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.

5作让步状语

Muchtired,hestillkeptonworking.=(Althoughhewas

tired,)he….

6独立主格结构：当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词能

够有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示

伴随情况。

Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecovered

withsweat.

Allthingsconsidered,yourarticleisofgreatvalue

thanhers.

Rewritewithproperconjunctions

Example：Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.

Ifweareunited,wewillstand,butifweare

divided,wewillfall.

1Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.

→Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,…

2Wellknownforhixpertadvice,hereceivedmany

invitationstogivelectures.

→Becauhewaswellknownforhixpertadvice,…

3Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuch

better.

Ifweweregivenmoretime,

4OncetranslatedintoChine,thebookbecameverypopular

amongChineteenagers.

OnceitwastranslatedintoChine,

5Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomea

doctor.

Becaushewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,

6Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.

Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,

现在分词与过去分词作状语

现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，;而过去分

词与其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。

Seeingthepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingof

omthetopofa

thirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.

(e)

选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作

是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：

Udforalongtime,thebooklooksold.

因为用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。

Usingthebook,Ifindituful.

在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用

注意：1.系表示主语所处的状态

_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontof

him.(lo)

______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)

belostin

bedresdin

beinterestedin

bedevotedto

besuppodto?becaughtintherain

beatedin

bepreparedfor

bedeterminedto

2.不与主语保持一致的固定结构

generallyspeaking一般说来

strictly/franklyspeaking严格地说/坦白地说

judgingfrom从…判断

allthingsconsidered从整体来看

takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看来

例如：Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.从他的脸色看，

他一定是病了。

Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.

总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。(speaking不是dogs的动作)

Practice

ight

verb.

buildfrightentrapfollowshooteexamine

1________bynoisinthenight,thegirlnolonger

daredtosleepinherroom.

2Theladyreturnedhome,________bytwopolicemen.

3Afterhavingbeen_________carefully,theroomwas

lockedagain.

4.______in1949,theexhibitionhallisover50years

old.

5_____fromadistance,theOperaHoulookslikeship

sails.

6If_____inaburningbuilding,youshouldndfor

help.

7Although______intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthe

police.

【二】

一、不定式做主语：

1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。===动名词doing表

示习惯的，经常的动作。

e.g：Tofinishthebuildinginamonthisdifficult.

Todosuchthingsisfoolish.

Toeistobelieve.(对等)

注：1).不定式作主语时,谓语用单数

2).当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定

式放到谓语的后面。

it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：

(1)Itis/was+adj.+…

(2)Itis+adj.+forsb.+todo…

Itiasy/difficult/hard/foolish/unwi/right

/wrong/unnecessary

(3)itis+a+名词+todo...

Itisapity/apleasure/apleasantthing/one’s

duty/anhonor/ashame/acrime/noeasyjob…todo

Ittakes(sb.)sometime/courage/patience…todo…

Itrequirescourage/patience/hardwork…todo…

*注意：probable和possible均可作表语，但possible能够

用不定式作真实主语，而probable不能用不定式作真实主语。

Itisprobableforhimtocometothemeeting.(错）

Itispossibleforhimtocometothemeeting.

Itispossible/probablethathewillcometothe

meeting.

二、不定式做表语

主语是以aimdutyhopeideaintentionplanjobsuggestion

wishpurpotask等为中心词的名词词组或以what引导的名词性

从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容,不定式作表语常表示将来或现

在的动作或状态。

eg：Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.

Yourmistakewasnottowritethatletter.

WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.

三、动词不定式作宾语

以不定式结构为宾语的动词有：

ask,agree,care,choo,demand,decide,expect,fail,

help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,

promi,refu,want,wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语

口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）

想要学习早打算（wantlearnplan）

快准备有希望（preparehopewishexpect）

同意否供选择（agreeofferchoo）

决定了已答应（decidebedeterminedpromi）

尽力去着手做（manageundertake）

别拒绝别假装（refupretend）

失败不是属于你（fail）

udtolendmehispen.

Wehopetogettherebeforedark.

Thegirldecidedtodoitherlf.