上海英语

1

冠词

一、固定词组

1.有些固定词组中有the:inthemiddleof,gotothecinema/movies,playtheviolin/

piano/guitar,intheend,thesame

2.有些词组中不用任何冠词：bybus,playfootball,playchess,gotoschool,gotobed,

atfirst,loweight

3.有些词组中加a:catchabus,inahurry,takeawalk,

二、专有名词前

1.国家、城市等专有名词前不加the:Shanghai,inNewYork,inAmerica，但是the

UnitedSates要加the

2.由普通名词构成的专有名词前加theGreatWall,

3.江河、海洋、山川前加the:theYangtzeRiver,thePacific,theYellowMountains

三．一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月，next前不加任何冠词

akfast/lunch/supper

ng/summer/autumn/winter

ay/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday/Sunday

ary,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,De

cember

四、宇宙中独一无二的事物，序数词，形容词最高级，only所修饰的名词前用the

,themoon,theearth

hth,thetwelfth,thetwentieth,thefourth

gest,themostpopular

ykey

五、形容词加the,表示这一类人theblind,thedeaf,theold,therich,thepoor

六、单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音

1.a:aufuldictionary,auniversitystudent,aEuropeanvillage,aone-eyedcaptain,a

uniform

:anhour,anhonestgirl,ane-mail,animportantletter,anexchangestudent,anuncle

anX-rayphotograph,anMBAcour,

Thereis__an__”f”intheword“first”.(f,h,l,m,n,s,x,r,)

介词

分类记忆：

一、时间介词

具体哪一天on,几点钟前用at,年、月份前用in,早上、下午、晚上用in,但是具体

某一天的早上、下午、晚上用on。last,next,this,that,some,every等词之前一律不用

介词

OnChristmasDay,onDecember14,2013,onthemorningofDecember15,

二、地点介词

三、短语中固定搭配的介词

carefor,badon,inone’sthirties,concentrateon=focuson,theanswertothe

question,thekeytothedoor,Sheisofaverageheight,sharewith,beresponsiblefor,

add…to,

四、方式介词by，with

bybus,bytrain,bye-mail,byexpressmail,bycreditcard

writewithapen,sayitinEnglish

五、表示形容词、副词比较范围的

of/among+代词，名词或数词，in+表示地点或集体的名词

Johnwasthefirstonthelistofthefamousstarsbecauhewastherichest______them.

代词

一、人称代词

1.顺序：单数：二、三、一复数：一、二、三

Johnsitsamong______,_______andme.

…………she

2.主格宾格：主格——主语，宾格——宾语（动词或介词后）

Thejournalistinterviewed________.(he,his,him)

Ishow_______aroundthecity.(they,their,them)

3.名词性物主代词

Thecinemainourneighborhoodisoldandsmall,but______isbigandmodern.(they,

them,.their,theirs)

Mum,haveyoueverenDanny’ssportsshoes?Iwantapairlike_______.(he)

afriendofmine/his/myfather’s

I______we______you_______he_______her________they_______

4、反身代词

enjoyonelf,helponelftosth,learn…byonelf=teachonelf

Imadeitmylf.

I______we______you_______he_______her________they_______

it________

不定代词

er,others,another,theothers

Some…._______One…_________

another+可数名词的单数

固定词组一个接着一个_________________

2

Willyoupleashowme_________one?

Have_______try,andyou’llsucceed.

2.形容词修饰不定代词、形容词后置

somethingnecessary

_______,neither______,both______,all_______,none________

Thereportsays__________ofthetwocountriesinAsiasupportsthewar.

Afteryougetoffthebus,youcantake________ofthetwoMetroLinestoZhongshan

Park.

eithersidebothsides

,afew,little,alittle

It’sunusualforhimtobesoactivebecauheisoftenaboyof_______words.

数词

1、twohundred/thousand,hundreds/thousandsof,前面如果有morethan,lessthan,

over,about等词时，用确切的数据about/morethantwohundredpeople

2、数字的读法，百位和十位之间用and365

3、序数词的拼写

One_______,two__________,three_________Four________,five________,

eight_________,twelve________,nine_______,twenty_________,

twenty-one_____________

5.分数

1/2____________2/3__________,3/4_________,3/5_________

6、百分比30percent

7、日期表达February12，1809

twohoursandahalf=twoandahalfhours

aten-year-oldboyTheboyistenyearsold.

hisfifties.

It’stenminutes’’saten-minutewalk.

名词

1.变复数

potato______tomato______hero______Negro_______photo______(两人两菜加s,其

他加es)

boy______toy_________,dictionary_________,(只有辅音+y结尾变y为ies)

beach___________(s,x,ch,sh,结尾的名词复数+es)

life,thief,leaf,knife(fe,f结尾的名词，把f,fe变为ves)

2.可数名词与不可数名词

manychildrenmuchinformation

afewbooksalittletime

someboyssometime

acoupleofdaysabasketoffruit

修饰可数名词的：few,afew,many,alargenumberof,acoupleof

修饰不可数名词的:little,alittle,much,agreatdealof,hugeamountsof

既修饰可数名词的，又可以修饰可数名词的：plentyof,alotof/lotsof,some

3.名词所有格

myfather’sfriend=afriendofmyfather’s，theteachers’office，theChildren’sPalace

形容词/副词

1、形容词的用法：

1）系动词后做表语Thecomedyisveryfunny

2）在名词前作定语It’safunnycomedy

3）修饰不定代词在不定代词之后Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.

4）在宾语之后作宾语补足语ThegoodnewsmadeBob’smotherexcited.

You’dbetterkeepthewindowopen.

2、副词的用法：

1）修饰行为动词Hedrivescarefully.

2）修饰形容词Thefoodisquitedelicious.

3）修饰整个句子Luckily,hestillgotthefirstprize

3、much,far,alittle,abit,alot,even等词修饰形容词比较级

TheBundlooksmuch_________atnight.(pretty)

Helooksalittle__________(happy)

4.既是形容词又是副词的：early,fast,hard,high,late

5、as…asnotas/so…as句型

中间用形容词或者副词的原级，所以可以先排除比较级和最高级，选副词还是形容

词，看是否修饰行为动词

Thedriverdroveas___________asusual.

reful

lly

6、一些特殊句型

The比较级主语+谓语，the比较级主语+谓语，Theearlier…,thebetter…

thefastestinourclass，oneofthelongestrivers，thecondlongestriver，betterand

better

疑问词

Howfar(tenminutes’walk)

3

Howsoon(intenminutes)

Howfast(amileintenminutes)

Howlong(fortenminutes)

Howoften(twiceaday)

Howmany(two)

Howmuch(twoyuan/twokilos)

tothehospitaltohaveacheckuponeyesight.(99)

____________hegotothehospital?

aclassmeetingonceaweek.(00)

____________didtheAmericanspacecraftGalileotravelandworkinspace?

gnmeanscarsandbusmustn’tturnrighthere.(04)

____________thissignmean?

heldthefirstWorldExpoin1851.(05)

______didLondon______thefirstWorldExpo?

dents’projectswillbeonshowinthreedays.(06)

____________willthestudents’projectsbeonshow?

动词

连系动词:

动词2.感官动词：feel(feel-felt-felt),smell(smell-smelt-smelt),taste,sound,look

3.表示变化的:become-became-become,get-got-got,grow-grew-grown,turn4.表示

保持的：keep,stay,remain5.似乎是em

情态动词:

MayIwatchTV?No,youmustn’t/maynot/can’t.

MustIdothework?No,youneedn’t.

maybe可能是mustbe一定是can’tbe不可能是

Youneedn’thelphim.=Youdon’tneedtohelphim.

______keepthenewtrafficlawandlearnhowtoprotectourlves.(04)

A)mayB)shouldC)canD)need

2.A:______Ifillinthecheck-informrightnow,sir?

B:No,youneedn’completeitthisafternoon.(05)

A)MayB)CanC)WouldD)Must

er______’llteachmehowtodoit.(06)

A)mustB)needC)shouldD)can

使役动词：make,let,.

动词的时态和语态:

一般现在时主语+do/does

1、表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often,always,

usually,sometimes,everyday等时间状语连用；

2、表示客观事实或普遍真理；Thesunrisintheeast.

3、由when,before,after,if,unless,assoonas引导的从句，主句用将来时从句用一般

现在时

Iwilltellhimassoonashecomesback.

一般过去时主语+did

1、常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago,in1987,at

thetime,inthepast

2、过去习惯性动作udtodo

一般将来时will/shalldo

1、shall,will+动词原型构成一般将来时；

2、am(is,are)goingto+动词原型，表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情；

thereisgoingtobe

3、表示“去向”的动词，可以用进行时表示将来时come,go,arrive,leave,leavefor

I’mleavingforBeijingthedayaftertomorrow.

现在进行时am/is/are+doing

常用时间状语now,atprent,forthetimebeing,look,listen,becareful

Look,Jane’sgrandma________withsomeagedpeople.

cing

过去进行时was/were+doing

常用时间状语atthatmoment,thistimeyesterday,atsixyesterdaymorning,fromtwoto

threeyesterdayafternoon.

也常用于when和while引导的时间状语从句

WhenIwashavingdinnerwithmyfamilylastnight,thetelephonerang.

现在完成时have/has+done

1.常用的时间状语和副词:never,ever,already,yet,just,recently,sofar,uptonow,inthe

past10years.

y&yet

Ihavealreadyreadthebook,(改否定句)

I_____readthebook_____.

&for

IhavelearnedEnglishsince2004(对划线部分提问)

IhavelearnedEnglishfor10years（同上）

4.延续性动词和瞬间动词

Ｉ______thisbookforaweek.

4

现在完成时had+done

1.表示过去的过去，常用的时间状语：bytheendoflastyear,beforeIenteredtheschool

2.用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中

HetoldmethathehadbeentoChinatwice.

被动语态：

1.构成：be+及物动词的过去分词p.p

2.时态的变化主要体现在be的变化

一般现在时am/is/are+p.p,一般过去时was/were+p.p

现在完成时has/havebeen+p.p一般将来时willbe+p.p

情态动词should/may/must/can/could…+be+p.p

3.先划出句子的谓语部分———写出动词原形——判断时态——注意主语的单复数

Janewroteveralarticlesaboutmemorylastmonth.

Severalarticlesaboutmemory________byJanelastmonth.

—————wrote—written——/werewritten——4.主语是veral

articles,因此是werewritten

非谓语动词1——动词不定式

1.主语Tobeateacherismydream

2.宾语Iwanttobuyanewbike

3.表语Myfather’sjobistomakesickpeoplebetter.

4.定语Wehavegotanewprojecttodo

5.宾语补足语Ourheadmasteraskedustoworkhard

6.动词不定式作形式主语ItisdifficulttolearnEnglishwell

7.动词不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：ask,want,tell,agree,advi,decide,plan,

promi,refu,hope,fail

8.宾语从句改成简单句

Idon’tknowwhatIcandonext

Idon’tknow___________donext.

9.有些动词后作宾补省略to

一感feel，二听listento,hear，三让make,let,have，四看e,watch,notice,obrve

非谓语动词2——动名词

1.主语Smokingisn’tallowedinpublicplaces

2.宾语Tomenjoystravelingaroundtheworld.

3.表语Myhobbyiscollectingstamps

4.动名词作宾语的动词enjoy,finish,keep,mind,spend,go,practi.

反意疑问句

1、划出句子中的谓语部分

Youcouldhardlybelievethenews,_________?

情态动词有：can,could,may,must,should,need,shall,will,would,oughtto

2、有些动词的过去式与原形同形cost，t,cut,put,t,fit,read,spread

Thebadnewsspreadfast,_________?

3、有些词表示否定的意思

little,never,ldom,hardly,rarely,few,none,nothing

4、判断现在完成时，过去完成时，看后面有没有过去分词

Hehasalittleofmilkforhisbreakfast,__________?

JackhasneverbeentoGuangzhou,__________?

5、反意部分只能用代词，不能用名词，先画出主句部分的主语，再判断代词用什么。

Yourmotherhasnevertiredofshopping,_________?

Jim’sparentsareneverlatefortheirwork,________?

Thebadnewsspreadfast,_________?

6、特殊的反义疑问句

You’dbetterfinishyourhomework,__________?谓语动词hadbetterdo，后面反意部

分仍用助动词had

Let’sgosighteingonChristmasDay,_________?

Clothedoor,_________?

Don’topenthewindow,____________?

slittletimeleft,______________?

Excis:

ldhardlybelievethenews,_________?

therhasnevertiredofshopping,_________?

tcostJohnamonth’spay,___________?

’sparentsareneverlatefortheirwork,________?

yalwayshasacupofteaafterdinner,_________?

fessorwillgiveusalectureontheeffectofgreenhounextMonday,_____

_____?

slittletimeleft,______________?