雅思考试写作技巧

雅思写作Task1图表小作文

第一节简介

一．图表简介：

图表分类：

图表通常分为两大类。一类是数据图，包括曲线图（graph/linechart），柱状图（barchart/columnchart），

饼状图（piechart）和表格（table）。

另一类是示意图/流程图（diagram/flowchart）。目前在雅思考试中主要出现的是数据图。

图表出题频率：最多柱状图，其次曲线图，再者饼状图，表格。

图表大忌：切忌发表个人观点和看法，切忌照搬题目、切忌简单罗列数据、避免词汇重复

写作注意事项：

词汇语法：词汇准确多样，不能重复thowhoworkin=peopleworkingin=theemployeein

句子：结构不能太简单，一句话要同时写两个对象的特征。

逻辑：句子里，句子与句子之间，段与段之间都要使用表示对比，转折，相似的连词或副词。

时态：第一句使用一般现在时，主体部分大多用一般过去式。

二．图表作文审题

审题包括审读题目要求或说明以及查看图表及其注解。题目的文字部分一般提供了有关这个图表的最基本信

息，如所涉及的背景、研究的对象、时间和地点。对于图表部分，我们需要仔细考察，查看纵横轴等，找出

值得描述的主要规律和特征、关键点(最高，最低值，中间值、相似类的)、总体趋势（overalltrends）和不

规则变化（irregularities上升，下降，持平的）。

第二节常用基本句式

Introduction

图表类型动词谓语三要素：研究的对象+时间+地点

The

chart

graph

table

diagram

shows

indicates

illustrates

describes

gives

prents

depicts

reveals

thenumber/amount/quantity/percentage/proportionof

informationabout

dataon

that

figures

statistics

Bodypart

一．描述信息出处

Accordingtothe（numbershowninthe）

Asisshowninthe

Ascanbeenfromthe

piechart

table/chart

diagram

graph/linechart

figures

+总概括句子

Itcanbeenfromthe

Welearnfromthe

Wecanefromthe

Itisclear/apparentfromthe

that+总概括句子

Asthe

shows

indicates

illustrates

describesthat+总概括句子

prents

depicts

reveals

二．动态变化描写

1）上升/下降（用变化动词）

主语变化动词变化程度的副词时间段导入数据

Thenumberof

Thefigureof

incread

jumped

ro

grew

wentup

climbed

soar

gently

suddenly

rapidly/quickly

dramatically

significantly

sharply/steeply

steadily/stably

from…to…,

between…and…,

foronemonth,

foraperiodof,

overthenextmonth,

duringthenextmonth,

,with…

,at…

()

by

to

from…to…

Thepercentageof

Theproportionof

下降/减少

decread

declined

dropped

fell

reduced

wentdown

slumped

sink

smoothly

consistently

continually

gradually/slowly

slightly

maximally

minimally

comparativelyslowly

overthe25-yearperiod

duringthe25-yearperiod

,falling/.

,makingup20%.

,accountingfor20%.

,amountingto2000.

,whichfalls/

,whichis20%.

,whichmakesup20%.

,whichconstitutes20%.

,whichaccountfor20%.

或插入语

上下波动

fluctuated

varied

riandfall

（注：数据为估计数据时，

需使用about,nearly,almost

approximately,over,

upto,abitover,around等。

数据为准确值时，可用

Precily,exactly等加强语

气。）

2）上升/下降（用变化名词）

句式变化程度的形容词变化的名

词

在哪方面变化时间段

Therewasasudden

rapid/quick

dramatic/significant

sharp/steep

marked

consistent/continual

steady/stable

gradual/slow

small/slight

increa

jump

ri

growth

decrea

drop/fall

decline

reduction

inthenumberofsth

inthepercentageof

intheprofitofsth

from…to….

between…and…

foronemonth.

foraperiodofonemonth.

duringthenextmonth

duringtheperiodfrom…to…

duringthe25-yearperiodfrom…to…

overthenextmonth.

overtheperiodfrom…to…

overtheperiodbetween…and…

overthe5-yearperiodbetween…and.

throughouttheperiod

in1999=intheyear1999

inthenexttwodecades

inaround1999

by1999=bytheyear1999

until2004

after/before2004

upward/downwardtendency

3）上升/下降（五个变通句型）

1．Thepercentageof…increassharplybetween…and…,goingupfrom...to….

2．Thereisagradualincreainthenumberof….overtheperiodofonemonth.

3．Thenumber/percentageshowsanupward/downwardtrendfrom….to…..

4．Asharpincreacanbefoundinthenumber/percentageof,from…to…

5．Theyearof1999witnessasteadyfallintheamountof….

4）无变化

主语动词保持形容词导入数据时间

Thenumberof(sth)

Thepercentageof

remained

maintained

steady

stable

at30%

between(1980)and(2000).

overtheperiodbetween…and…

overthe25-yearperiodbetween…and.

duringthe25-yearperiodfrom…to…

foronemonth

foraperiodofonemonth.

over/duringthenextmonth.

didnotchange

stayedthesame/unchanged

maintainthesamelevel

leveledout

Therewas

little

hardlyany

no

changeinthenumberofsth

二．静态数据描写

1）最高和最低

Awasthemostpopular/dominant/main+n,with+数据+时间..

=A+动词/被动语态/rvesas(isudas)themainn(+数据)+时间.

=Thelargestquantityofn+动词/被动语态fromA+数据+时间.

=TheproportionofninA,thehighestofall,+动词+数据+时间.

=A+动词/被动语态inthelargestquantity,+数据+时间.

主语动词导入数据时间

Themonthlyprofit

Thefigures

Thesituation

Thenumber

Thepercentage

Peaked最高点

at20%inDecember.

reachedapeak

ahighpoint

bottomedout最低点

reachedthebottom

alowpoint

2）A比B多/少

A动词/被动语态far/muchmore/lessthan

slightly/marginally

B

ThepercentageofAismore/lessthanthatofB.

Therearemore/lessAthanB

3）A和B相等

比较的一方程度副词比较级+名词比较的另一方

Ahas

ThepercentageofAis

A动词/被动语态

almost

nearly

about

approximately

asmany(employees)as

asmuch(space)as

ashighas

B.

thesamenumber

proportion

amount

ofasB

2）A是B的几分之几或几倍

比较的一方程度副词量词比较的另一方

Ahas

ThepercentageofAis

A动词/被动语态

almost

nearly

about

approximately

justoverexactly

precily

a/onequarterof

halfof

athirdof

3quartersof

the(total)numberofemployees.

aquarter

half

quarters

twice

threetimes

asmany(employees)

asmuch

asB.

3）A比B多几倍

比较的一方程度副词量词比较级+比较的另一方

Ahas

ThepercentageofAis

A动词/被动语态

almost

nearly

about

approximately

justoverexactly

precily

twice

threetimes

fourtimes

more(employees)thanB

higher/largerthanB

三．导入数据

★介词短语

sumptionoffishalsodeclinebutslightlytojustbelow50grams.

dchickenwereeateninthequantitiesof5grams.

sumptionoffishdeclineby50grams.

tsofelectricitydoubled,risingfrom100to170inUSAandfrom90to180inFrance.

ontinuedtobeanothersignificantsource,supplying/producingapproximately20%,at25units.

1979，beefwasbyfarthemostpopularofthefood,withabout225gramsperpersonperweek.

indingunitswereproducedlargelyfromoilandnuclearpower(20unitsand25unitsrespectively),

withhydrocontributing5units.

★括号

ainderwasproducedfromnaturalgas,hydropower(eachproducing25units)andoil(whichproduce

only10units).

dchickenwereeateninsimilarquantities,whilemuchlessfishwasconsumed(justover50grams.)

★分词作状语

tsofelectricitydoubled,risingfrom100to170inUSAandfrom90to180inFrance.

atestamountofwaterwasconsumedintheindustrialctor,accountingfor70%.

gestquantityofwaterwasudforagriculturalpurpo,whereashydrocontinuedtobeanother

significantsource,supplyingapproximately20%.

★非限制性定语从句

tsofelectricitydoubled,whichrofrom100to170inUSAandfrom90to180inFrance.

atestamountofwaterwasconsumedintheindustrialctor,whichaccountfor70%.

四．对象描述变换方法

sthemostpopularofthefoods.

Beefwasconsumedasthemostpopularfood.

Beefwereeateninsimilarquantitiesof5grams.

Theconsumptionofbeeffelldramaticallytoapproximately100gramsand55gramsrespectively.

anudcoalasthemainelectricitysourcefor25%.

Coalwasudasthemostpopularsource.

gestquantityofwaterwasudforagriculturalpurpo.

Waterudintheindustrialctoralsoincread,buttheconsumptionwasminimaluntil1999.

80%studentsunder26yearsoldstudyfortheircareerreason.

Thereareonly10%ofstudentsstudyingoutofinterest.

Thowhostudyforcareerpurpois4%.

5.90%ofthowhoheldaskilledvocationaldiplomaweremen.

Menholdingpostgraduatediplomasclearlyoutnumberedthanfemales.

Menwithpostgraduatediplomasclearlyoutnumberedthanfemales.

nhasspentmostheavilyontherangedofgoods.

Britain’sspendingisconsiderablehigherthanthatofothercountry.

Germanyisthelowestspender.

五．开头段改写

1.(7.1)Thetablebelowgives/showsinformationonconsumerspendingondifferentitemsinfivedifferent

countriesin2002.

=Thetableshowstheexpenditureontheconsumptionofthreeitemsin5nationsin2002,namely,Turkey,Italy,

London,NewYorkandTokyo.

2.(7.2)ThegraphbelowshowstheconsumptionoffishandsomedifferentkindsofmeatinaEuropeancountry

between1997and2004.

=Thelinechartillustratesthechangesintheamountoffish,beef,lambandchickenconsumedinaparticular

Europecountryoverthe15-yearperiodfrom1997to2004.

=Thegraphillustrateshowtheconsumptionoffish,beef,lambandchickenchangedinaparticularEurope

countryoverthe15-yearperiodfrom1997to2004.

3.(7.3)Thechartshowsinformationaboutchangesinaveragehoupricesinfivedifferentcitiesbetween1990

and2002comparedwiththeaveragehoupricesin1989.

=Thechartsshowshowtheaveragepricesinfivedifferentcitieschangedduringtheperiodbetween1990and

2002incomparisontotheaveragehoupricesin1989.

4.(6.1)Thegraphandtablegivesinformationaboutwateruworldwideandwaterconsumptiontintwodifferent

countries.

=Thegraphshowshowtheamountofwaterudworldwidechangedbetween1990and2000andthetable

comparesthedifferencesinagriculturalconsumptionintwocountries.

5.(3.3)Thechartbelowshowsthelevelsofparticipationineducationandscienceindevelopingandindustrial

countriesin1980and1990.

=Thedatacomparesthedifferencesbetweendevelopingandindustrialcountriesparticipationineducationand

science.

第三节高分句式

一．同时写两个对象的特征或变化

1）平铺直叙法:

简单句（respectively,comparedwith）；并列句（however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand）;

复合句（while,whereas）

★简单句（respectively，comparedwith，outnumber=overtake）

tsofelectricitydoubled,risingfrom100to170inUSAandfrom90to180inFrance.

tsofelectricityinUSAandinFrancrodoublefrom100to170andfrom90to180respectively.

ericouldbeen/foundintheunitsofelectricityinUSAandinFrancfrom100to170andfrom90to

180respectively.

asadoubleriintheunitsofelectricityinUSAandinFrancfrom100to170andfrom90to180

respectively.

sumptionofbeefandlambfelldramaticallytoapproximately100gramsand55grams

respectively.

=Therewasadramaticfallintheconsumptionofbeefandlambtoapproximately100gramsand55grams

respectively.

=Adramaticfallcanbefound/en/noticedintheconsumptionofbeefandlambtoapproximately100gramsand55

gramsrespectively.

portionofpeopleagedstoodatonly5%inJapan,approximately7%inSwedenand9%inUSA.

gthoftimepeoplespendatschoolinindustrializedcountrieswasmuchgreaterat8.5yearsin1980,

comparedto2.5yearsindevelopingcountries.

22.10%ofthowhoheldaskilledvocationaldiplomaweremen,comparedwith80%ofwomen.

heldaskilledvocationaldiplomawas10%,comparedwith80%ofwomen.

re80%ofmenholdingaskilledvocationaldiplomaincomparisonwith80%ofwomen.

25.70%ofover49yearsoldstudyforinterestincomparisonto18%studyingforcareerreasons.

thpostgraduatediplomasclearlyoutnumbered/overtookfemale(70%and30%respectively).

★并列句（however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand）

therhand，theconsumptionofchicken,,

showedanupwardtrend.

/Bycontrast,thepriceincreadintherestof

cities.

dintheindustrialctoralsoincread,however/buttheconsumptionwasminimaluntil1999.

r,thefiguresgrewtoabout15%inaround1990,beforerisingtoalmost5%againin2000.

ontrary,coalandoiltogetherproducedonly50

units.

★复合句（while,whereas）

y,theygot90%,while/whereasinJapan,theyarebelow50%.

pendsmoreonpersonalstereothanFrance,whilespendingthesameontoysbetweenthetwo.

ntitiesoflambandchickenweresimilar,whilemuchlessfishwasconsumed(justover50grams).

rialugrewsteadilytojustover5%,whiledomesticuromoreslowlytoonly2%,bothfarbelowthe

levelsofconsumptionbyagriculture.

gestquantityofwaterwasudforagriculturalpurpo,whereashydrocontinuedtobeanother

significantsource,supplyingapproximately20%.

2)加减法比较级、平级

1．FrancespendsmuchmoreonCDsandfilmbutlessontennisthanItalydoes.

=France’sspendingisslightlymoreonCDsandfilmbutlessontennisthanthatofItaly.

2．Italy’sspendingonpersonalstereoisonlymarginallygreaterthanthatofFrance,whilespendingontoys

iqualbetweenthetwo.

3．FarMoremalesholdpostgraduatediplomasthanfemales(70%and30%respectively).

=Maleswhoholdpostgraduatediplomasarefarmorethanfemalesdo(70%and30%respectively).

=Therearemoremalesholdingpostgraduatediplomasthanfemales(70%and30%respectively).

4．Morementhanwomanholdqualificationsatthelowerandhigherlevelsofeducation,whilemore

womenreachundergraduatediplomalevelthanmen.

=Menholdingqualificationsatthelowerandhigherlevelsofeducationaremarginallymorethanwomen,

whilewomenreachingundergraduatediplomalevelaremorethanmen.

5．Franceudcoalasasourceforonly25unitsofelectricityin1980,whichwasmatchedbynaturalgas.

=Franceudthesameamountofcoalandnaturalgasin1980,with25unitsofelectricity.

=In1980,Coalandnaturalgasareudinthesamequantitiesof25unitsofelectricityinFrance，

=ThequantitiesofcoalandnaturalgasconsumedinFranceareequaltoeachother,with25unitsof

electricity.

6．Lambandchickenwereeateninsimilarquantities(about60grams),whilemuchlessfishwasconsumed

(justover50grams).

7．=Thequantitiesoflambandchickenweresimilar,whilemuchlessfishwasconsumed(justover

50grams).

8．Italy’sspendingonpersonalstereoisonlymarginallygreaterthanthatofFrance,whilespendingontoysis

equalbetweenthetwo.

9．Thepriceincreadintherestofcities.

10．Theremainder/theremindingsourceswasproducedfromnaturegas,hydrowaterandoil.

11．Nearlythesamenumberofover49yearsoldstudyforcareerandinterestreasons.

12．Thepercentagearenearlysimilar,whichareallapproximately60%.

13．Lambandchickenwereeateninsimilarquantities,whilemuchlessfishwasconsumed(justover

50grams.)

14．Franceudcoalasasourceforonly25unitsofelectricityin1980,whichwasmatchedbynaturalgas.

15．Theproportionissimilarin3countries.

3)倍数法倍数+平级

tsofelectricitydoubled,risingfrom100to170inUSAandfrom90to180inFrance.

sconsumedtwiceasmuchasbeef.

berofwomenwhoholdtheundergraduatediplomaisthreetimesasmuchasthatofman.

retwiceasmanywomenwhoholdtheundergraduatediplomaasmen.

二．同时写一个对象的两种变化before/after/followedby

berofcasoftheXdiaremainedsteady,followedbyaslightdecreabeforethenumberro

dramaticallybetween1990and1995.

berofcasoftheXdiaremainedsteady,followedbyaslightdecreabeforerisingdramatically

between1990and1995.

berofcasofthediareachedapeakin1993,fluctuatingslightlyuntilthe1996beforeitfell

sharplyoverthefollowingyears.

asaslightincreaupto30dollarsinthepriceafterafallto10dollars.

asaslightincreaupto30dollarsinthepriceafteritfellto10dollars.