written in the stars

《水仙花》

（飞白译）

我孤独地漫游，像一朵云

在山丘和谷地上飘荡，

忽然间我看见一群

金色的水仙花迎春开放，

在树荫下，在湖水边，

迎着微风起舞翩翩。

连绵不绝，如繁星灿烂，

在银河里闪闪发光，

它们沿着湖湾的边缘

延伸成无穷无尽的一行；

我一眼看见了一万朵，

在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。

粼粼波光也在跳着舞，

水仙的欢欣却胜过水波；

与这样快活的伴侣为伍，

诗人怎能不满心欢乐！

我久久凝望，却想象不到

这奇景赋予我多少财宝，——

每当我躺在床上不眠，

或心神空茫，或默默沉思，

它们常在心灵中闪现，

那是孤独之中的福祉；

于是我的心便涨满幸福，

和水仙一同翩翩起舞。

雪莱：西风颂

１

哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！

你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫，

有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避：

黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨，

呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你

以车驾把有翼的种子催送到

黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里，

像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱，

直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起

她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍，

（唤出嫩芽，象羊群一样，觅食空中）

将色和香充满了山峰和平原。

不羁的精灵呵，你无处不远行；

破坏者兼保护者：听吧，你且聆听！

２

没入你的急流，当高空一片混乱，

流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯

脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。

成为雨和电的使者：它们飘落

在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面，

有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁，

从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿

直抵九霄的中天，到处都在摇曳

欲来雷雨的卷发，对濒死的一年

你唱出了葬歌，而这密集的黑夜

将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶，

里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结；

那是你的浑然之气，从它会迸涌

黑色的雨，冰雹和火焰：哦，你听！

３

是你，你将蓝色的地中海唤醒，

而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天，

被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦，

就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边，

它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁

在水天辉映的波影里抖颤，

而且都生满青苔、开满花朵，

那芬芳真迷人欲醉！呵，为了给你

让一条路，大西洋的汹涌的浪波

把自己向两边劈开，而深在渊底

那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林

虽然枝叶扶疏，却没有精力；

听到你的声音，它们已吓得发青：

一边颤栗，一边自动萎缩：哦，你听！

４

哎，假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起，

假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾，

是一个波浪，和你的威力同喘息，

假如我分有你的脉搏，仅仅不如

你那么自由，哦，无法约束的生命！

假如我能像在少年时，凌风而舞

便成了你的伴侣，悠游天空

（因为呵，那时候，要想追你上云霄，

似乎并非梦幻），我就不致像如今

这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。

哦，举起我吧，当我是水波、树叶、浮云！

我跌在生活底荆棘上，我流血了！

这被岁月的重轭所制服的生命

原是和你一样：骄傲、轻捷而不驯。

５

把我当作你的竖琴吧，有如树林：

尽管我的叶落了，那有什么关系！

你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐

将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意：

虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵，但愿你给予我

狂暴的精神！奋勇者呵，让我们合一！

请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落，

让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命！

哦，请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌，

就把我的话语，像是灰烬和火星

从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散！

让预言的喇叭通过我的嘴唇

把昏睡的大地唤醒吧！要是冬天

已经来了，西风呵，春日怎能遥远？

1819年

查良铮译

IWanderedLonelyasaCloud

Iwanderedlonelyasacloud

Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,

WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,

Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;

Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,

Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.

Continuousasthestarsthatshine

Andtwinkleonthemilkyway,

Theystretchedinnever-endingline

Alongthemarginofabay:

TenthousandsawIataglance,

Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.

Thewavesbesidethemdanced;butthey

Out-didthesparklingwavesinglee:

Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,

Insuchajocundcompany:

Igazed---andgazed---butlittlethought

Whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:

Foroft,whenonmycouchIlie

Invacantorinpensivemood,

Theyflashuponthatinwardeye

Whichistheblissofsolitude;

Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,

Anddanceswiththedaffodils.

WilliamWordsworth

IWANDEREDLONELYASACLOUD

WrittenatTown-end,fodilsgrewand

stillgrowonthemarginofUllswaterandprobablymaybe

entothisdayasbeautifulinthemonthofMarch,nodding

theirgoldenheadsbesidethedancingandfoamingwaves.

–WilliamWordsworth,1804

IWANDEREDlonelyasacloud

Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,

WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,

Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;

Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,5

Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.

Continuousasthestarsthatshine

Andtwinkleonthemilkyway,

Theystretchedinnever-endingline

Alongthemarginofabay:10

TenthousandsawIataglance,

Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.

Thewavesbesidethemdanced;butthey

Out-didthesparklingwavesinglee:

Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,15

Insuchajocundcompany:

Igazed-andgazed-butlittlethought

Whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:

Foroft,whenonmycouchIlie

Invacantorinpensivemood,20

Theyflashuponthatinwardeye

Whichistheblissofsolitude;

Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,

Anddanceswiththedaffodils.

-WilliamWordsworth,1804

WilliamWordsworth’s“IWanderedasLonelyasaCloud”openswiththenarratordescribinghisactionofwalkinginastate

ofworldlydetachment;hiswandering“Aslonelyasacloud/Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,”(1-2).Whatheis

thinkingofweneverreallyuncover,buthisdescriptionleavesustoanalyzehiswordsasasortof“headintheclouds”

daydream-likestatewherehisthoughtsarefaraway,unconcernedwiththeimmediatecircumstancesinwhichhefindshimlf.

Wordsworth,evertheRomanticist,perhapsusthetwointroductorylinestodescribethedisconnectedanddispassionate

waysthatweallliveourlives;walkingthroughlifeinahazeofdailyritualandmonotonousdistractionsinapointlessand

spirituallydisinterestedstatewherewefailamotionalcreaturestoappreciatethequietbeautiesoflifethatweashuman

mWordsworth’s“lonelycloud”isourownprivateimpersonalperceptionofthe

world,floatingmilesaboveitandmissingthequietvirtuesofnature,beauty,andothersourcesofemotionalnourishment.

AsWilliamWordsworth’snarratoriswalking,henotices“Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;…Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.”

(4and6).Wordsworthgoesontodescribethe“goldendaffodils”asavastplotofswayingflowersaroundthefringesofa

bay,outdoingthebeautyoftheocean’bingthedaffodilsforthenextveral

lines,Wordsworthhelpsustovisualizewhathehimlfhasenandwassomovedby;“Tossingtheirheadsinsprightly

dance./Thewavesbesidethemdanced;butthey/Out-didthesparklingwavesinglee”(12-14).Thelight-hearted

daffodils,weavinginunisonwitheachotherinthewind,haveromanticallytouchedWordsworth,theirnaturalbeauty

reachinghiminwaysthathedescribesasnotfullyunderstandinguntillater:“Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,/Insuchajocund

company:/Igazed-andgazed-butlittlethought/Whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:”(15-18).

ItisherethatyourhumblewritercannothelpbutrememberoneofWilliamWordsworth’arlierpoemsthathehadwritten

mWordsworth’s“LinesWritteninEarlySpring”(1798)rvesthereaderinmuchthesamewayas

Wordsworth’s“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”,inthathisnarratordrawsinspirationfromnature’sbeautytoexperiencea

atdifference,however,between

Wordsworth’s“LinesWritteninEarlySpring”and“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”isthatin“LinesWritteninEarlySpring”

naturesbeautyinducesinWordsworthadeepandpowerfulmourningforhowmankindhaspervertedhisownnatureinhis

thenmodernsociety,whereas“LinesWritteninEarlySpring”invigoratesWordsworth’snarratorwiththementalimageryof

thedaffodils.

Mostimportantly,inbothpoemsWothe

samewaythatmostreaderscanrelate,Wordsworth’snarratorin“LinesWritteninEarlySpring”,uponhavingafewmoments

tothinktohimlf,lapsintoadepresdstatefromhisownquietthoughts:“WhileinagroveIsatereclined,/Inthat

sweetmoodwhenpleasantthoughts/Bringsadthoughtstothemind.”(WilliamWordsworth’s“LinesWritteninEarly

Spring”,1798,lines2-4.).InWordsworth’s“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”hisnarratorreciprocally,uponrelaxingona

couchinquietcontemplation,ilatedandpleasantlyentertainedbythethoughtsofthedaffodilsdancinginhismemory:

“whenonmycouchIlie/Invacantorinpensivemood,/Theyflashuponthatinwardeye/Whichistheblissofsolitude;/

Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,/Anddanceswiththedaffodils.”(19-24).Wordsworth’snarratorin“IWanderedLonely

asaCloud”isnotgrievedby“Whatmanhasmadeofman”(WilliamWordsworth’s“LinesWritteninEarlySpring”,1798,

line8.)butcontentedandnear-tickledbyhisreminiscenceofthegolden,light-heartedbeautyofthedaffodils.

Amessagecanbesodrawnfromthiscontrast,whetherWilliamWordsworthintendeditornot,inaPost-Moderndisction

andpersonalinterpretationofathemethatholdsasmuchtruetothecannonofRomanticismastoWordsworth’sownpersonal

sthepopulartitleforWordsworth’s“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”,“Daffodils”,finds,initlf,the

fodilsare,aswellaswhatWordsworthwouldhaveintended,natural

beauty;thetranquiloccurrencesofluckyhappenstancethatweexperienceandcarrywithusinourproverbialheartsas

,manyreadersskimmedWordsworth’sdescriptionofthedaffodilsand

quicklyspurneditasa“Romanticblubber”sstosay,however,Wordsworthbelieves,asdoesyourhumble

writer,thatanyhumanbeingposssingasoulandbeatingheartwouldfindthemlvesdeeplytouchedbythesceneofa

thousand-foldhostofyellowdaffodilsswayinginthebreezeagainstthebackdropofwavesbreakingagainsttherocksofabay.

Thismentalimage,otherwimisdbythocaughtupintheirdailybustleandcontemporarydistractions,their“wandering

lonelyasclouds”sotospeak,iswhat

slowdown,justenough,wemaycatchbythewaysideofourwanderingsaspiritualcreaturethatcouldrveusasapleasant

mentalimageorperhapvenasameaningorpurpoinlife.

InWilliamWordsworth’s“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”,ea

symbolofnaturalbeautyand,moreimportantly,symbolizelivingalifeasrichinexperienceandnsationaswouldmakea

prent,intheirlight-hearteddance,thejoyandhappinessoflivinganadoringandfulfillinglife,

icism,apoeticphilosophythatWordsworthhimlf

engendered,findsmuchvirtueinthismeaning;thedaffodilsreachingoutandcatchingtheeyeofWordsworth’snarrator,or

perhapsWordsworthhimlf,andinspiringhimsomuchemotionally,thathewasleftwithlittlechoicethantoexpressthem

orth’snarratorof“LinesWritteninEarlySpring”struggleswithhisowninnatehumanpredisposition

towardsmelancholyinaworldwherecontemporaryhumansocietyandcivilizationhasdestroyedourconnectiontonature,

andincidentallyourownnatureaswell,butWordsworth’snarratorin“Daffodils”hastakenfromthemomentthesweet

nourishmentofspiritualmannathatwasnecessarytokeepaquietinstanceofintrospectionfromturningtodepressionand,

instead,becominganexuberantreverieofattinginmemory;“Theyflashuponthatinwardeye/Whichistheblissof

solitude;/Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,/Anddanceswiththedaffodils.”(21-24).

WilliamWordsworth’s“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”or“Daffodils”isadeepandmovingworkofpoetrythatundera

deceivinglysimpleexteriorcouldpossiblybe,underenergeticdisction,arguedasoneofWordsworth’sgreatestworksof

ingtruetoRomanticism’sphilosophyofembracingnotonlynaturebutthecarefulexpressionofthe

poet’motionsthroughartandhownaturecansodeeplyaffectit,Wordsworth,infoursimplestanzasifimagery,could,

perhaps,ulartitleforWordsworth’s“IWanderedLonelyasa

Cloud”,“Daffodils”,hasinasinglewordsummedanentireliteraryphilosophy.

IWanderedLonelyasaCloud两篇赏析

1“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”waswrittenbyWilliamWordsworth,

greatpoetofnature,WilliamWordsworthwasthefirsttofindwordsforthemostelementarynsationsofmanfacetoface

ensationsareuniversalandoldbut,onceexpresdinhispoetry,becomecharmingly

plovefornaturerunsthroughshortlyricssuchas“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”

2“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”spureandpoeticlanguage,Wordsworthbringsusintoa

beautifulworldwheretherearedaffodils,ehis

melancholywhenhe“wanderedlonelyasacloud”andhisdelightthemomenthisheart“withpleasurefills”.Wecometo

realizethegreatpowerofnaturethatmayinfluenceourlifedeeplyasrevealedinthepoem.

赏析：

“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”hdescribingasceneofjoyfuldaffodilsrecollectedinmemory,

thepoethopestoputillustratehistheoryofpoeticinspiration---“spontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings,whichoriginate

sinemotionrecollectedintranquility”

Withhispureandpoeticlanguage,Wordsworthbringsusintoabeautifulworldwheretherearedaffodils,treesandbreeze.W

ehismelancholywhenhe“wanderedlonelyasacloud”andhisdelightt

hemomenthisheart“withpleasurefills”.Wecometorealizethegreatpowerofnaturethatmayinfluenceourlifedeeplyasr

evealedinthepoem.