approachable

剑4词汇

剑桥4TEXT1/2近义词总结

PASSAGE1

nt勇敢正视、⾯对

ntation

beconfrontedwith

eg:Adultsarefrequentlyconfrontedwithstatementsaboutthelossoftropicalrainforests.

→encountervt.⾯对，正视遇到

eg:Whetherweshouldofferassistance（帮助协助）tothopeoplewhentheyencounterlife-threateningsituations.

→facevi.朝向

→meet

rationn.说明插图图⽰

eg:Onegraphicillustrationistheestimatethatrainforestsarebeingdestroyedatanalarmingrate.

→example⽰例

→drawing图表图样

(易混)

→illusionn.错觉,幻象

tevi估计评价

eg:Thepoliceestimatedthenumberofdemonstrators(游⾏⽰威者)atabout5,000.

→asssvi评价评估able

eg:asssone’sperformanceassstheloss

→evaluatevt评估tion

eg:Students’evaluationofteachers’performancehelpsimproveteachingquality.

→calculatevi计算ation

eg:Scientistshavecalculatedthattheworld’spopulationwilldoublebytheendofthecentury.

lentadj相等的相当的n等价物

eg:Therainforestsarebeingdestroyedatarateequivalenttoonethousandfootballfieldveryfortyminutes.

→t等于n对等

eg:Evenemployedwomendidnotachievefullequalitywithmen.

→(反)l不平等different不同的

ervt处于危险中危急

eg:Thechildrenwillhaveformedideasaboutrainforests---whatendangersthem

→imperilvt危及

eg:Thedumpingofindustrialandliferubbishintotheahasalreadygreatlyimperiledmanyspecies.

→hazard冒险n危险事故atthehazardofone’slife冒着⽣命的危险

→jeopardizevt危及损害jeopardizebilateralrelationship危及双边关系

→atrisk处于危险中atstake在危急关头

持有,怀有

eg:Childrenharbormisconception(误解)about“pure”(单纯).

→hold

oratevt包含合并oration

eg:Themisconceptionsbecomeincorporatedintoamultifaceted（多⽅⾯的）framework→combinevt联合联系

→consolidatevt加强巩固

→mergevt吞没vi合并

→unifyvt联合统⼀

ibleadj容易接近到达拥有的accessto接近到达有权利做某事

accessibleevidence现有证据accessibletoreason通情达理

eg:Thecomponentideasaremoreaccessibletomodification.（修改）

→approachableadj到达的

eg:Itisundeniable（不可否定的）theInternethasmadelearningopportunitiesmoreapproachabletoadultsaroundthe

globe.

cation修改改变

eg:Theschemewasapproved,withsomeminor(次要的)modifications.

→altervt改变tion

alteranattitudealterone’smind

eg:Thestock（股票）pricealterssharply.（急速的）

→convertvt改变转化皈依佛门改变信仰

→varyvi改变

→change

→revivt修改

→transformvt变形vi转变transplant移植transfer转变

→shift转变

vt吸收tionabsorbing吸引⼈的,有趣的

absorballofone’stimebeabsorbedin（专注于）study

absorptionofnourishment吸收营养

eg:Theideasmaybedevelopedbychildrenabsorbingideasthroughthepopular（⼤众的）media.

→assimilatevt同化消化吸收

eg:Foodisfirstabsorbed,thendigested消化andfinallyassimilatedbyourbodies.

→suckup吸收拍马屁

eg:Plantssuckupmoisture（⽔分）fromthesoil.

→takein吸收吸⼊

vt提纯提炼是完善

eg:Childrenhavetheirideastestedandrefinedbyteachersandpeers.

→polishvi擦亮

→rectifyvt改正

cevt取代

eg:Theaimoftheprentstudyistodisplacethemisconceptionsandtoplanprogrammesinenvironmentalstudies.

→replace取代

eg:Carshavereplacedhorsasthenormalmeansoftransport.

→substitutevi取代代替

eg:Wesubstitutedredballsforbluetoeifthebabywouldnotice.

d反应回应回答

eg:Thecommonest（普遍）responswerecontinentsorcountries.

→reactvi反抗影响反应使⽤起化学反应on

eg:Hydrogenreactswithoxygentoformwater.

→reply回答

eg:Herepliedtotheprotest.（抗议声明）

→feedbackn.反抗

tentadj坚持的⼀致的坚固的beconsistentwithinconsistent不⼀致的

eg:Theobrvationsaregenerallyconsistentwithourprevious（先前的）studiesofpupil’sviews.

→corresponding⼀致的相同相应的

→accordantadj和谐的

→compatible协调的,⼀致的,亲和的incompatible不和谐的,不⼀致的的eg:Healthandhardworkcanbecompatible.

→harmonicadj和谐的

sicadj.内在的,本质的,本⾝的

Intrinsicvalue内在的价值

eg:Theintrinsicvalueofacoinisthevalueofthemetal(钱布)itismadeof.

ctionn.毁坏的ct

→damagevi损坏破坏

→ruin毁灭

→devastationn破坏⼒n荒芜atingadj毁灭性的

eg:Theacidrainisresponsible（负责）fortherainforestdestruction.

e持有,包括

→harbor

→hold

→containvt⾃制的控制包含

→hug

→include

→involvevt牵涉；包含潜⼼于

eg:Insomecas,thisresponalsoembracedthemisconceptionthatrainforeststosurvive.

PASSAGE2

vt进化发展ion

highlyevolvedmammal（哺乳动物）⾼级进化的哺乳动物

反义:degeneratev.退化ntary退化的基本的早期的未成熟→develop

→grow

→advance

⾏为习惯,例⾏公事

eg:Strokingandtouchingareapartofthecourtshipritualinmostspecies.

→routinen.例⾏的adj⽇常的

vt反对n⽬标

eg:Theareaaroundtheblowholeisalsoparticularlynsitiveandcaptiveanimalsoftenobjectstronglytobeingtouched

there.

→disagree

→protestvi抗议

eg:Alargecrowdprotestedtheterrorization

ctvt限制约定约束

eg:Thepositionofeyessorestrictsthefieldofvisioninbaleenwhalesthattheydonothavestereoscopicvision.

restrictionn.

→confinebeconfinedto

eg:Thefirstedition(版本)isconfinedto1,000copies.

→limit

eg:Membershipisnotlimitedbyx.

→bound常⽤被动

eg:TheUSisboundedonthenorthbCanadaandonthesouthbyMexico.

inary初步的预赛

preliminaryremarks开场⽩,序⾔apreliminaryestimate初步估计

eg:Preliminaryexperimentalevidencesuggeststhattheirinairvisionispoor.

→initialadj最初的vt⽤姓名的⾸字母

→precedingadj之前的v在。。。之前

→priorto在。。之前居先adj在先的adv在前

ionn变异变种变化

variousadj.多种多样的

eg:Suchvariationcannodoubtbeexplainedwithreferencetothehabitsinwhichindividualspecieshavedeveloped.

→varietyn.多样化,种类

eg:Theprentsocietyprovidesavarietyofjobopportunities,freeingpeoplefromthesituationthattheyhavetostayinone

companyforalifetime.

→diversionn转移消遣分散注意⼒

tvt栖息占据vi居住

inhabitantn.居民

eg:Visionisobviouslymoreufultospeciesinhabitingclearopenwatersthantotholivinginturbidriversandfloods.

→live

→reside属于谁residentn.居民

eg:ThepresidentresidesintheWhiteHou.

→dwelldwellin

→occupy

occupyanimportantpositionbeoccupiedindoingsth.

eg:Traditionalpaintingsoccupymostofthewall-spaceinthegallery.

orate

eg:Thensoftasteandsmellappeartohavedeteriorated.

→degenerate

eg:Youngpeopleoftodayarenotdegenerating.

→worn

/doc/nsate补偿compensationcompensable

compensatefor补偿

eg:Weaknessaremorethancompensatedforbycetaceans’well-developedacousticn.

→makeupfor

→balance

eg:Manycareerwomenfinditreallyhardtobalanceworkandfamilylife.

nce表达⾔论

→declaration

eg:Notableexceptionsarethehauntingutterancesofthehumpbackwhales.

萦绕于⼼的交往hauntwith逗留(地点)

→hangaround徘徊在某个地⽅

Passage3

iate欣赏appreciationn.欣赏，感激，感谢

appreciatediver(不同的)cultures欣赏不同的⽂化diversityn多样性

eg:ie：adj客观

的n图标

→enjoy

→admire赞赏赞美

ctiven.观点⾓度perspectiveadj.透视的

intherightperspective

eg:Beforeprentingtheview,scientistsintendtodiscussthishotissue(热点问题)fromdiverperspectives.

Prentv送，发表表达n.礼物prentgift送礼物

→angle⾓度⽅⾯lf-introductionlf-prntation⾃我介绍

Thenovelsmirrorlifeintoday'sJapanfromvariousangles.

→attitude态度

→view

ement安排arrangev.安排

eg:Thegovernmentshouldmakearrangementsforspecialprogrammes(活动计划)tosaveendangeredlanguages.

→organization组织

→order命令

e表⾯

eg:Blindpeoplecandescribethearrangementofobjectsandothersurfacesinspace.

→face

→outside

→exterioradj外⾯的

eg:Itisdifficulttojudgeapersonbyhixterior.

entation表⽰表现reprentv.

eg:Butpicturesaremorethanliteralreprentations.

→exposition

eg:Thisisaclearexpositionofthetheoryofevolution.

→drawing

tiven倡议主动性adj主动的开始的起步的初步的initiatev创造，开始

eg:Ablindwomaninoneofmyinvestigations(调查研究)decidedonherowninitiativetodrawawheelasitwasspinning.

Onone’sowninitiative主动的

→firststep

→beginning

→commencement开始

旋转

eg:Thatdashedspokes(飞溅的)indicatedthewheelwasspinningquickly.

→rotate旋转

→twirl

eg:Themanwasdancingbyhimlf,twirlingroundandround.

动机意向运动emotion情感情绪emotionaladj情感的

eg:Toshowthismotion,shetracedacurveinsidethecircle.

→movement

eg:Thereisamovementtowardssimpledesignsinclothing.

→activity活动

ack=surprid,shocked

ionn表演翻译给予

eg:Oneparticularlycleverrenditionappearedrepeatedly.

→version

eg:Thereareconflictingversionsofthegirl'sdeath.

→translation

t建议⽀持suggestionn.

eg:Theydescribethemasmetaphorical(暗喻的)waysofsuggestingmotion.

→indicate暗⽰torn.指⽰物

eg:Thelightabovetheelevator(电梯)indicatedthattheelevatorwasthenatthefifteenthfloor

→show

→imply暗⽰implicationn.牵涉

eg:Hersilenceimpliedconnt(同意)conntto同意某事

→hintn暗⽰

eg:Thespeakerdroppedahintofapossiblemodificationoftheproposals.

灵巧的恰当的，合适的易于的

eg:Variouslinesofmotionwereaptwaysofshowingmovement.

→suitable合适的

→appropriate恰当合适的

→proper合适的properlyadvproperty财富财产

ncratic特殊的crastic癖好,习性表现⼿法风格

eg:Theyweremerelyidiosyncraticmarksofmovement.

→distinctive不同的

eg:Soldiersoftenhavedistinctiveinsignias(徽章)ontheirlapels(领⼦).

→characteristic独特的特有的特征特点

eg:Urbaninhabitantshavetolivewiththecharacteristicnoisofcities.

→distinguishing不同的distinguishv区分分辨

retv解释说明interpretationn.⼝译解释

eg:Thereweredifferencesinhowtheblindandthesightedinterpretedlinesofmotion.

→explainexplanationn.

eg:Thephenomenon(现象)hasnotyetbeensatisfactorilyexplained.

→illustrateillustrationn.

eg:Thescientistillustratedhispointbyrelatinghisownexperiences.

→accountv解释n.账户陈述

accountfor解释…事takesthintoaccount考虑onaccountof由于因为eg:Thereisnoaccountingfortastes.

→translate解释

eg:Peopletranslatehissilenceasarefusal.

v描绘描述

eg:Icreateddrawingsoffivedifferentwheels,depictingspokeswithlinesthatcurved

→reprent表⽰代表reprentationn

eg:ThispicturereprentsasceneatKingArthur'scourt(法庭法院)

→portray

eg:Dickensportrayedhischaracterstothelife

→describedescriptionn

分配指定归因于assignmentn.委任沉默说明

eg:Theblindstudentswereaskedtoassignoneofthefollowingmotionstoeachwheel.

→dispenv分配，发布执⾏

eg:Thegovernmentdispendemergency(应急紧急情况)foodtothefloodvictims(受害者)→allotv分配allotmentn分配物

allottingallotted

eg:Thefactoryallottedaparkingspacetoeachemployee.

→distribute分布

eg:Theproductoflabor(劳动产品)shouldbefairlydistributed(平均分配).

y表明预⽰意味着

eg:Spokextending(延伸)beyondthewheel’sperimeter(周长)signifiedthatthewheelhaditsbrakes(刹车)on.

→indicate

eg:Thedashedspokesindicatedthewheelwasspinningquickly.

→imply

→mean

→show

ce例⼦场合情况forinstance例如

eg:Thefavoreddescriptionforthesightedwasthefavoreddescriptionfortheblindineveryinstance.

→example

→ca

sus⼀直的意见

eg:Theconnsusamongthesightedwasbarelyhigherthanthatamongtheblind.

→agreement协议

eg:Thethreesidesreachedanagreementtostopthewar

→concord和谐的

eg:Theneighboringstates(国家)hadlivedinconcord(和平相处)forcenturies.→unanimity⼀致

解决

eg:Thetaskinvolved(需要)someproblemsolving.

→resolveresolutionn解决决⼼

→handle把⼿管理操作

→tacklev处理解决

→dealwith/copewith/dowith处理

out理解,想出

→unravel解决解开unravelthethreads解开线头unraveltheknitting解开结

with提出propo

相信认为

eg:Alloursubjectsdeemedthecirclesoftandthesquarehard

→think

→believe

→consider/regard

ev把…归因于.

eg:Afull94%ascribedhappytothecircle,insteadofsad.

→attribute认为属于

eg:Doyouthinkitpropertoattributeweaknesstowomen?

→assign分配归因于

eg:Wecannotassignacautotheevents.

揭露暴露

eg:Butotherpairsrevealedlessagreement.

→expo

→disclo

eg:Theliftingofthecurtaindisclodaprettyhoustandingbytheriverside.

le类似与。。。相像asmblev召集收集

eg:Theirchoicesclolyrembledthomadebythesightedsubjects.

→besimilarto

→belike

TEST2

PASSAGE1

v爬⾏蔓延延伸

eg:ThenativeAmericanNavajo(北印第安⼈)nationsprawlsacrossfourstates(州).

→spread

eg:Shewastoldnottospreadthiscretaround.

→extend延伸

→stretch(区域)out伸展,延长

v消失消散

eg:Halfoftheworld’slanguagesarelikelytovanishwithintwogenerations.

→extinctadj消亡的灭绝的

eg:Itisamasxtinction,undoubtedly.

→disappear

→fadev消失离去凋谢fadeawayfake假冒

收缩减少shrunk缩⼩

eg:Neverbeforehastheplanet’slinguistic(语⾔的语⾔学)diversityshrunkatsuchapace.→wither枯萎减少

eg:Linkswiththeoutsidecommunitywithered.与外界的联系⽅式

→wanev.亏没落

eg:Theempirebegintowane.

te控制⽀配dominatedadj.受控的torn.统

治者

dominateoverthenewspaper在报纸上占显著地位

eg:Weareheadingforaboutthreeorfourlanguagesdominatingtheworld.

→command掌握控制命令拥有

eg:Hewastoldtocommandhistemper(脾⽓好坏情绪)temperateadj温带的.

→control

d(不好的影响结果)逆转重新振作

eg:Whetherwewilleverreboundfromthelossisdifficulttoknow.

→recover重新获得

eg:It'shardtorecoverlosttime.

声誉产⽣

eg:Isolationbreedslinguisticdiversity.

→cultivate培养

→cau

→leadto

→triggerv触发引起thetrigger扳机（⼿枪）

→produce

辣椒bepepperedwith充满

eg:Theworldispepperedwithlanguagesspokenbyonlyafewpeople.

→befullof

ered快要绝种的濒危的

endangeredspeciendangeredculture

eg:Navajoisconsideredendangereddespitehaving150,000speakers.

→jeopardized

→perilousadj.危险的冒险的

vt.拒绝排斥

eg:Peoplerejectthelanguageoftheirparents.

→declinevi下降；衰落；谢绝vt.谢绝；婉拒

→turndown减⼩关⼩调低

→refu拒绝垃圾

→excludevt排斥

eg:Theclubexcludedwomenfrommembership.

n危机adj危机的crispl.n危机期(危机的复数)

eg:Itbeginswithacrisisofconfidence.

→emergencyadj紧急的备⽤的

vt诱导

eg:Theymightnotwanttobeinducedintotheoldtraditions.

→influencev影响作⽤于

eg:Idon'tdecideforyourlf.

→elicit得出

eg:Aftermuchquestioning,heelicitedthetruthfromtheboy.

禁出n禁令

eg:Governmentstrytokilloffaminoritylanguagebybanningitsuinpublic.→barn栅栏v阻挡妨碍

eg:Hehasbeenbarredfrompractisingmedicine.

→forbid

→discourage妨碍discourageitsuinschool

→prohibit禁⽌阻⽌

eg:Thehighcostofthemachineprohibitsitswidespreadu.

ation保留

edadj.

eg:Theformer前期的

yofrunningIndianrervationschoolsinEnglish.

→conrvation保护区保存

eg:Conrvationofcreaturesandplantqualsmaintenanceofourecosystem.

→prervation保存维护

eg:Thebreakthroughofcloningtechnologycouldmeantheprervation.

→protection

daptto适应

eg:Theyhavetoadaptedtosocio-economicglobalisation

→adjust调节适应adjustment

→alter

teadj亲密的熟悉的

intimateinteractions相互作⽤相互影响

eg:Languageisalsointimatelyboundwithculture.

→clo

→familiar熟悉的

pwith与........相联系

→restrict

eg:IfapersonshiftsfromNavajotoEnglish,theylosomething.

→alter

eg:Thestockpricealterssharply.

→change

→modifymodificationn.

→transfer

eg:Withinafewyearstheyhadtransferredbarrenwastesintofertilefields.

ity差异区别

diversityofopinions看法上的差异

→variety

e剥夺使丧失ableadj.

hance剥夺某⼈的机会

eg:Thelossoffdiversitymayalsodepriveusofdifferentwaysoflookingattheworld.

→takeawayfrom失去

→rob抢劫

增加(程度)加剧

mounting=increasing

eg:Thereismountingevidencethatlearningalanguageproducesphysiologicalchangesinthebrain.

→ascendv上升追溯

eg:Victoriaascendedthethronein1839.

→ri

→climb急速的上升表⽰变化的⾮常快

观念

eg:Thiscouldaffectourthoughtsandperceptions

→haveaninfluenceon对.....有影响

tion理解

eg:Hisperceptionofthechangecameinaflash.(瞬间产⽣)

→comprehensionn理解

→awareness

→understanding

v培养养育

eg:Thekeytofosteringdiversityisforpeopletolearntheirancestraltongue.

→nourishv养育⽀持供给

→cultivateadj有教养的

→rearv声誉

→support⽀持

nerosiveadj.侵蚀的

nous本⼟的内在的

eg:Apprenticeprogrammeshaveprovidedlifesupporttoveralindigenouslanguages.

→native

→original最早最初的

it从⼀⽅去另⼀⽅

eg;Afterabout300hoursoftrainingtheyaregenerallysufficientlyfluenttotransmitthelanguagetothenextgeneration.

→transfer

→dispatch派遣

→passalong传递

复活

eg:Thereareexamplesoflanguagesthathavesurvivedinwrittenformandthenbeenrevivedbylatergenerations.

→regenerate重⽣

→refresh振作

→renew恢复

PASSAGE2

y治疗

eg:Theircourcovered,amongothertherapies.

→healing康复

eg:ThetheorytheylearntisbadonthetraditionalChineexplanationofthisancienthealingart.

→treatment

→cure

t反映表现

eg:Thiscourreflectshowfarsomealternativetherapieshavecomeintheirstruggle.

→mirror反映镜⼦

ishmentestablishv.建⽴

eg:Ithascomeintheirstruggleforacceptancebythemedicalestablishment.

→formation形成

→foundation

→tupv.

vative保守的conrvationn.保护管理

eg:Australiahasaveryconrvativeattitudetonaturaloralternativetherapies.

→old-fashioned过时的

→backward-looking保守守旧的

厌恶的不喜欢的

eg:Theyareprettyloathtoallowanypretenderstotheirpositiontocomeintoit.

→reluctantadj不情愿的

→unwilling不情愿

ox正统的

eg:DinchantmentwithorthodoxmedicinehasenthepopularityofalternativetherapiesinAustralia.

→traditional

→customary通常的习惯的

→usual

→conventional

eg:Conventionalmedicineemsnottooffertheanswer.

uence结果后果

eg:Thehighstandingofprofessionalshasbeenerodedasaconquence.(最终最后)

→effect

→result

→outcome⽐赛结果

t抵抗resistancen.坚持的resistantadj.

eg:Ratherthanresistingorcriticizingthistrend,increasingnumberofAustraliandoctors,

particularlyyoungerones,areforminggroups.

→oppo

→withstand抵挡忍受withstandhightempersure耐⾼温

→counteract对抗抵制

ive刺激⿎励

eg:Partoftheincentivewasfinacial.

→motive刺激的推动的

→stimulus刺激促进

→inducement吸引

→encouragement

h出版发⾏

eg:Hiscolleaguespublishedasurveyof289Sydneypeoplewhoattendedeightalternativetherapies’practices.

→reveal

减轻缓解

eg:Orthodoxmedicinehadbeenabletoprovidelittlerelief.

→relea释放

→ea缓解

/doc/nt评论

eg:Theycommentedthattheylikedtheholisticapproachoftheiralternativetherapists.

→remark

→note

→mention提到

离开移居国外

eg:AnincreasingexodusfromtheirclinicscarriedoutinAustralia.

→leaving

→departure

uacy不适当的

eg:Allpointingtoorthodoxdoctors’inadequacy,haveleadmainstreamdoctorsthemlvestobegintoadmittheycouldlearn

fromthepersonalstyle.

→scarcity

→insuffiency

nal

eg:Manypeoplesufferfromdigestiveproblems,whichisonly1%morethanthosufferingfromemotionalproblems.

→emotive

→affective

/doc/ementary

eg:Thesurveysuggestedthatcomplementarymedicineisprobablyabettertermthanalternativemedicine.

→complemental

PASSAGE3

s

eg:Childrenengrosdinamake-believeworldarenotjusthavingfun.

→engage

→occupy

ant

eg:Playmaylooklikeanexuberantwaytopassthetimebeforethehardwork.

→vivacious

igent

eg:Playingmakesyouintelligent.

→nsible

→bright

eg:Animalsatplayoftenuuniquesigns---tailwaggingindogs.

→flap

→wave

→wobble

icially

eg:Theyindicatethatactivitysuperficiallyremblingadultbehaviorisnotreallyinearnest.→apparently

nce

eg:Itallowsyounganimalstogetinshapeforadultlifebyimprovingtheirrespiratoryendurance.

→stamina

→fortitude

eg:Playtendstopeakabouthalfway.

→topn.

→summitn.

→crestv.

esis

eg:Thereistheskills-traininghypothesis.

→theory

→suppo

icant

eg:Thewaycatsplayedhadnosignificanteffectontheirhuntingprowessinlaterlife.

→important

→vital

→eventful

te

eg:Theamountofthebrainactivatedbyplay.

→refresh

→animate

le

eg:Thatkindofbehaviourinvolvedwasmarkedlymorevariableandunpredictable.

→floating

→adjustable

Test3

re

e.g.:However,itisalsoaplacewheresomechildrenareexpod,withlittleornoprotection,toexploitativeemployment,

urbancrime,andabu.

ished近:mature,successful

e.g..Ideally,potentialparticipantswillhavebeeninvolvedintheorganisation’sprogramsforatleastsixmonths,andtrust

andrelationship-buildingwillhavealreadybeenestablished.

dous同：enormous

retremendousadvantagestoinvolvingparentsorguardiansintheprogram.

ate

evethatcreditmustbeextendedinassociationwithothertypesofsupportthathelpparticipantsdevelopcritical

lifeskillsaswellasproductivebusiness.

ery机器，结构ism机构

oesaretheultimateearth-movingmachinery.

同:burstout

nteruptioncanblowthetopfewkilometersoffamountain,scatterfineash…..

nt

ckfragmentsintothestratospheretodarkentheskiesacontinentaway.

相关：crumbling粉碎

neworkofthetowerwascrumbling,andthegreatclockhadfallenintodisrepair.

Fracture

racturezones,wherethecollisionsoccur,arewhereearthquakeshappen.

aphy地志,地形学,地势topology地质学

地壳mantle地幔lava熔岩

Continentalcrust,mi-moltenmantle,thelavadyke

e同：fragile

ion

collision:collisionn.碰撞,冲突习惯⽤语comeintocollisionwith和...相撞［冲突，抵触］incollisionwith和...相撞［冲

突］...

racturezones,wherethecollisionsoccur,arewhereearthquakeshappen.

e挤压

eextrusionsonskye

同义词：squeeze

tion注意，跟predication(断⾔的意思)的区别

canoesarenotverypredictable.

Hewillnotpredictbyhowmuch.

同：pation

ethicalobjectionsmustbeanticipated.

ure

同：process

oceduresareavailableforobtainingdataaboutalanguage.

igation

ngefromacarefullyplanned,intensivefieldinvestigationinaforeigncountrytoacasualintrospectionabout

one’smothertonguecarriedoutinanarmchairathome.

igative(investigativetechniques)

ous

gtheambiguity,acceptability,orotherpropertiesofutterancesagainsttheirwonintuitions.

ous

isoftenunclearandambiguous.

同：indistinct

延：distinction

tdistinctionofrace,religion,politicalbelief,economicorsocialcondition.

stic语⾔的，语⾔学的

greewiththejudgmentsofotherlinguists

延：bilingual双语的

ilingualinformant,orthroughuofaninterpreter,itispossibletoutranslationtechniques.

er

注意含义：观察,遵守,注意到

brvethewaypeoplebehavewhentheyarenotbeingobrved.(观察)

Converly,Chinemedicineplaysamajorroleinthemaintenanceandrestorationofhealthandisobrvedbyethnic

VietnameandbyVietname-Chine.(遵守)

x似⾮⽽是，⾃相⽭盾xical

onnaire调查卷

mple,aparticularfeatureofpronunciationcanbeelicitedbyaskingtheinformanttosayarestrictedtofwords.

ntativesampleoflanguage,compiledforthepurpooflinguisticanalysis.

e分析

is

esis假设

istichypothesis

cs

mostimportantfactorhasbeengenetics.

延：gene

relikelythatindividualsposssingtheuniquecomplementofgenesforathleticperformancecanbeidentified

early.

ination

csonlydeterminesaboutonethirdofwhatanathletecando.

ate(v/n)ation

ethodsincludestrengthtrainingthatduplicateswhattheyaredoingintheirrunning