bacteria

鞘细菌sheathedbacteria

柄细菌caulobacteria

弧菌vibrio

根瘤细菌rootnodulebacteria

硫酸盐还原菌sulfatereductingbacteria

硫细菌sulfurbacteria

铁细菌ironbacteria

紫色无硫细菌purplenonsulfurbacteria

产甲烷菌methanogen

硝化细菌nitrobacteria

反硝化细菌denitrifyingbacteria

固氮细菌nitrogenfixingbacteria

甲基营养菌methylotrophicbacteria

产乙酸菌acetogen

同型[产]乙酸细菌homoacetogenicbacteria

光合作用细菌photosyntheticbacteria

产氢产乙酸细菌hydrogen-producingacetogenicbacteria

同型发酵乳酸菌homofermentativelacticbacteria

异型发酵乳酸菌heterofermentativelacticbacteria

产氢菌hydrogenogens

产气菌aerogen

1/16

不产气菌anaerogen

发光细菌luminousbacteria

产色细菌chromogenicbacteria

化能异养菌chemoheterotrophicbacteria

化能自养菌chemoautotrophicbacteria

光能异养菌photoheterotrophicbacteria

光能自养菌photoautotrophicbacteria

化能有机营养菌chemoorganotrophicbacteria

化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophicbacteria

光能有机营养菌photoorganotrophicbacteria

光能无机营养菌photolithotrophicbacteria

有机营养菌organotrophicbacteria

无机营养菌lithotrophicbacteria

贫[营]养细菌oligotrophicbacteria

一氧化碳营养菌carboxydotrophicbacteria

自养菌autotrophicbacteria

异养菌heterotrophicbacteria

光养菌phototrophicbacteria

需氧菌aerobe

微需氧菌microaerobe

耐氧菌aerotorelantbacteria

2/16

厌氧菌anaerobe

兼性厌氧菌facultativeanaerobe

专性厌氧菌obligateanaerobe

溶原性细菌lysogenicbacteria

腐生菌saprophyticbacteria

苛求菌fastidiousmicroorganism

极端细菌extremebacteria

嗜压菌barophilicbacteria

嗜盐菌halophilicbacteria

嗜铁菌siderophilicbacteria

嗜高渗细菌osmophilicbacteria

微嗜氮菌oligonitrophilicbacteria

嗜冷[细]菌psychrophilicbacteria

嗜酸菌acidophilicbacteria

嗜硫菌thiophilicbacteria

中温菌mesophilicbacteria

耐热细菌thermophilricbacteria

氢营养菌hydrogenotrophicbacteria

肠道细菌intestinalbacteria

类菌体bacteroid

细菌小体bacteriosome

3/16

微生子gonidium

蓝细菌cyanobacteria

[蓝细菌]连锁体hormogonium

类囊体thylakoid

藻胆蛋白体phycobilisome

静息孢子akinete

滑行gliding

异形[囊]胞heterocyst

化学型chemotype

化学变型chemovar

血清型rotype

血清变型rovar

致病型pathotype

致病变型pathovar

生物型biotype

生物变型biovar

形态型morphotype

形态变型morphovar

革兰氏阳性菌Gram-positivebacteria

革兰氏阴性菌Gram-negativebacteria

球菌coccus

4/16

diplococcus双球菌tetrads四联球菌sarcina八叠球菌coccobacillus

球杆菌rod

杆菌diplobacillus双杆菌corynebacteria棒状菌trichome]毛状体[细

菌monotricha单鞭毛菌peritricha毛菌]周[鞭lophotricha毛菌[鞭]丛

amphitrichate毛菌鞭]两端单[cephalotricha]毛菌[单端丛鞭bacteria

gliding滑行细菌L-formofbacterium型细菌L-colony

菌落yeasttypecolony酵母型菌落yeastlikecolony类酵母型菌落

condarycolony次生菌落roughcolony粗糙型菌落smoothcolony

光滑型菌落5/16

丝状型菌落filamentoustypecolony

子菌落daughtercolony

深层菌落deepcolony

粘液型菌落mucoidcolony

巨大菌落giantcolony

侏儒型菌落dwarfcolony

菌苔lawn

菌胶团zoogloea

菌膜pellicle

[菌]醭mycoderm,pellicle

群游现象swarming

菌柄stipe

[菌体]附器appendage

鞭毛flagellum

周质鞭毛periplasmicflagella

轴丝axialfilament

菌毛pilus

性丝xpilus

外生孢子exospore

内生孢子endospore

芽孢spore

6/16

sporulation芽孢形成terminalspore终端芽孢subterminalspore近

端芽孢centralspore中生芽孢forespore前芽孢cortex皮层[芽

孢]exitine芽孢外膜intine芽孢内膜exine

外壁parasporalcrystal伴胞晶体ghost菌蜕sheath鞘capsule荚膜

slimelayer粘液层microcapsule微荚膜periplasmicspace壁膜间隙

protoplast原生质体spheroplast原生质球gasvacuole

气泡methanochondria甲烷粒体mesosome

间体7/16

载色体chromatophore

鞭毛基体flagellarbasalbody

异染质volutin

异染粒matachromaticgranules

致死颗粒killerparticle

紫膜purplemembrane

噬菌体bacteriophage

无囊盖类inoperculatae

超显微微生物ultramicroscopicorganism

真菌噬菌体mycophage

噬藻体phycophage

烈性噬菌体virulentphage

温和噬菌体temperatephage

前原噬菌体preprophage

原噬菌体prophage

隐性前噬菌体crypticprophage

营养期噬菌体vegetativephage

载体噬菌体carrierphage

λ噬菌体lambdaparticlesphage

[可]诱导噬菌体induciblephage

同源免疫噬菌体homoimmunephage

8/16

噬菌体分型bacteriophagetyping

噬菌体型phagetype

噬菌体变型phagevar

噬斑plaque

[噬菌体]聚合头部polyhead

[噬菌体]聚合尾鞘polysheath

[噬菌体]伞毛fimbrium

[噬菌体]颈须whisker

[噬菌体]先导蛋白pilotprotein

[噬菌体]尾丝抗原fiberantigen

[噬菌体]顶体apex

[噬菌体]基片插孔ba-platehub

[噬菌体]基片丝ba-platefibril

[噬菌体]基片楔突ba-platewedge

[噬菌体]串联体concatemer

[噬菌体]颈部collar

[噬菌体]顶部壳粒apicalcapsomere

[噬菌体]尾丝tailfiber

[噬菌体]畸形体monster

[噬菌体]颈圈connector

[噬菌体]髓部core

9/16

[噬菌体]头部head

[噬菌体]尾部tail

[噬菌体]尾管tailtube

[噬菌体]尾鞘tailsheath

类病毒viroid

病毒virus

真病毒euvirus

亚病毒subvirus

原病毒provirus

拟病毒virusoid

卫星病毒satellitevirus

假型病毒pudotypevirus

慢病毒slowvirus

辅助病毒helpervirus

过客病毒pasngervirus

多分体病毒multicomponentvirus

昆虫痘病毒entomopoxvirus,EPV

颗粒体症病毒granulosisvirus,GV

多角体病毒polyhedrosisvirus

核型多角体病毒nuclearpolyhedrosisvirus,NPV

质型多角体病毒cytoplasmicpolyhedrosisvirus,CPV

10/16

多粒包埋型病毒multipleembeddedvirus

单粒包埋型病毒singlyembeddedvirus

伴随病毒associatedvirus

浓核病毒densovirus,DNV

内源病毒endogenousvirus

潜伏病毒latentvirus

肠道病毒enterovirus

艾柯病毒ECHOvirus

虫媒病毒arbovirus

腺病毒adenovirus

腺伴随病毒adenoassociatedvirus

真菌病毒mycovirus

肿瘤病毒oncovirus

逆[转]录病毒retrovirus

坏死病毒necrosisvirus

虹彩病毒iridovirus

泛嗜性病毒pantropicvirus

毒株strain

原[生小]体elementarybody

包含体inclusionbody

顾氏小体Guarnieri'sbodies

11/16

内氏小体Negri'sbody

病毒[粒]体virion

裸露病毒[粒]体nakedvirion

假病毒体pudovirion

立体对称cubicalsymmetry

二十面体对称icosahedralsymmetry

螺旋对称helicalsymmetry

[病毒]五邻体pentomer,pentons

[病毒]六邻体hexonmer,hexons

复合对称complexsymmetry

包膜突起peplomerbody

包膜envelope,peplos

蛋白质包膜proteinenvelope

[病毒]包膜抗原envelopeantigen

[病毒]壳体capsid

[病毒]壳粒capsomer,capsomere

二十面[体]壳体icosahedroncapsid

核心core

核壳nucleocapsid

病毒原质体viroplasma

病毒束virusbundle

12/16

多角体polyhedron

多角体蛋白polyhedrin

颗粒体granule

颗粒体蛋白granulin

类核nucleoid

内含颗粒inclusiongranule

X体X-body

[病毒]早期蛋白earlyprotein

[病毒]晚期蛋白lateprotein

负链negativestrand

正链positivestrand

复制子replicon

病毒发生基质virogenicstroma

衣原体chlamydia

[衣原体]始体initialbody

立克次氏体rickettsia

假肽聚糖pudopeptidoglycan

肽聚糖peptidoglycan

磷壁酸teichoicacid

胞壁酸muramicacid

2,6-吡啶二羧酸dipicolinicacid,DPA

13/16

脂多糖类lipopolysaccharides

多糖包被glycocalyx

鞭毛蛋白flagellin

菌毛蛋白pilin

杀白细胞素leucocidin

豆血红蛋白leghaemoglobin

藻胆蛋白phycobiliprotein

藻青蛋白phycocyanin

藻红蛋白phycoerythrin

藻青素cyanophycin

藻蓝素algocyan,leucocyan

藻胆素phycobilin

藻红[胆]素phycoerythrobilin

藻蓝胆素phycocyanobilin

藻青素颗粒cyanophycingranule

别藻蓝素allophycocyanin

类葫萝卜素carotenoids

细菌淀粉粒granulo

聚β羟基丁酸盐poly-β-hydroxybutyrate

葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcalproteinA,SPA

纯化蛋白衍生物purifiedproteinderivative,PPD

14/16

[葡萄球菌]凝固酶staphylocoagula

β[细胞]溶素β-lysin

α淀粉酶α-amyla

通透酶permea

胞内酶intracellularenzyme

胞外酶extracellularenzyme

果胶酶pectina

逆[转]录酶revertranscripta

凝固酶coagula

受体破坏酶receptordestroyingenzyme,RDE

透明质酸酶hyaluronida

纤维素酶cellula

链道酶streptodorna,SD

链激酶streptokina,SK

神经氨酸酶neuraminida

青霉素酶penicillina

溶菌酶lysozyme

[细菌]紫膜质bacteriorhodopsin

菌紫素bacteriopurpurin

[细]菌[叶]绿素bacteriochlorophyll

自溶素autolysin

15/16

bacteriotropin亲菌素aggressin攻击素ablastin抑殖素adhesin粘附

素bacterioerythrin菌红素prodigiosustoxin灵菌毒素bacteriocin细

菌素lepromin麻风菌素staphylococcin葡萄球菌素agarfitine伞菌氨

酸thuricin苏云金菌素enterococcin肠球菌素brucellin布氏菌素

colicin,colicine大肠菌素syringacin

丁香假单胞菌素16/16