被动语态结构

更新时间:2022-11-22 22:43:31 阅读: 评论:0


2022年11月22日发(作者:礼物的英语)

外研版英语八年级上册

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被动语态复习

A.熟记结构

被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的,

其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为:

一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p.

一般过去时:was/were+p.p.

一般将来时:shall/willbe+p.p.

现在完成时:have/hasbeen+p.p.

现在进行时:am/is/are+being+p.p.

过去将来时:should/wouldbe+p.p.

含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p.p.例如:

①Chine______bythelargestnumberofpeople.

A.speakB.isspeakingC.speaksD.isspoken

②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool.

A.weretoldB.istellingC.wastoldD.tells

③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina.

A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.have

B.明确用法

被动语态常用于以下两种情况:

外研版英语八年级上册

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1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;

2.强调动作的承受者。例如:

这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。

Thetree____________bythatboy.

C.熟练转换

1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:

①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;

②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;

③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。

2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:

疑问词+一般疑问句。例如:

①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.

Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce.(同义句)

②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?(改为被动语态)

Where______vegetables______?

D.注意特例

将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况:

1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:

①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;

②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如:

外研版英语八年级上册

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①Hetoldusastory.(变被动语态)

→Weweretoldastory(byhim).或:Astorywastoldtousbyhim.

②Hermothergaveheranewpen.(变被动语态)

Anewpen__________________herbyhermother.

2.短语动词的被动语态:在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如:

①Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary.

A.takeawayB.takenawayC.aretakenawayD.betakenaway

②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.(变被动语态)

Thechildrenwill______________________________(byher).

3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意:

省略to的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to必须补上。例如:

SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday.(变被动)

He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday.

4.不定式的被动结构:动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe+过去分词”。例如:

Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity.

A.bebuildingB.buildC.bebuiltD.built

5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语,但仍然放在句

子开头。例如:

Whohasbrokenthecup?(改为被动语态)→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?

E.注意区别

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被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:

1)含义不同:被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,叙述人

或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较:

Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。(系表结构)

Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)

2)用法不同:过去分词作表语时可以被so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰,而需

用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch修饰。试比较:

Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)

IwassomuchsurpridatthescenethatIdidn'tknowwhattodo.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊,不知所措。(被动语态)

F.牢记(相关)句型

初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有:

1.becoveredwith被……覆盖

2.bemadeof由……制作(发生物理变化)bemadefrom由……制作(发生化学变化)

bemadein由(某地)制造bemadeby被(某人)制造

3.beudfor被用来……beudas被当作(作为)……来使用beudtodosth.被用来做某事

4.Itissaidthat...据说……Itishopedthat...希望……Itiswellknownthat...众所周知……例如:

①—Yourcoatlooksnice.Isit______cotton?—Yes.It's_________Shanghai.

A.madeof;madebyB.madeof;madeinC.madefor;madebyD.madefor;madein

②Thismachineisud______theroomwet.

A.forkeepingB.askeepingC.keepD.tokeeping

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③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。

__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing.

几种特殊的被动语态

1.带不定式的被动语态。Thechildissuretobepunishedforthat.那个孩子肯定会因为那件事受罚的。

2.带介词的动词短语的被动语态。Suchathinghasneverbeenheardof.这件事前所未闻。

3.带副词的动词短语的被动语态。Theradiohasjustbeenturnedoff.收音机刚刚被关上。

4.当ll,wash,clean,run,ride,wear,write等动词若有状语well,easily,badly来修饰时,用主动形式表达被动意义。

Thepenwriteswell.这枝钢笔写字流畅。Thebookllswell.这本书很畅销。

被动语态专项练习

一、选择题

()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?

;;;;build

()dent____onthisroadlastweek.

ed

()(棉花)____inthesoutheastofChina.

(),themoon____bymanalready.

ited

()nChinehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.

外研版英语八年级上册

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()ytrees____thisyear?

d

()things____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

done

()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.

;;;;ud

()atWall____allovertheworld.

wn

()_____thisbook_____?

;;;;written

()_____byGrannyyesterday.

()keywasen_____offthetree.

()oolbag___behindthechair.

()eople____well.

after

()cher______carefully.

ened

外研版英语八年级上册

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二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。

'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________(build)intwomonths.

ohavethemeeting______________(discuss)now.

anguage_______themostwidely_______(speak)intheworld?

tboy_____________(notfind)sofar.

aralargenumberoftrees______________(cut)down.

dents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.

______(mustnd)tothehospital.

bles,eggsandfruits_________(ll)inthisshop.

_______knives______(make)of?They_______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.

magazine________(take)outofthelibrary?

m_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.

rscan’t_____________(e)inthedaytime.

owers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.

ndofshoes__________(ll)well.

三、按要求改写下列句子,一空一词。

rowninSouthChina?(改为主动语态)

_______people_________teainSouthChina?

enabirthdayprentbymyparentveryyear.(同义句转换)

Abirthdayprent____________________________bymyparentveryyear.

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kisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(对划线提问)

How______________theworkgoingtobefinished?

ldrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)

AnEnglishsong___________________bythechildren.

dn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)

It______________________byyounow.

umetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)

Metal________________________makingmachines.

medothatforhim.(改为被动语态)

I____________________________thatforhim.

ewatchingthefootballmatch.

Thefootballmatch_____________________bythem.

ybuildabridgehereayearago?(改为被动语态)

__________abridge____________herebythemayearago?

vesoldoutthelightgreendress.(改为被动语态)

Thelightgreendress____________________________out.

thegame“Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态)

Thegame_______________“Lianliankan”byus.

四、根据所给汉语完成句子,一空一词。(1×10=10分)

①Thenewbike________________________(买给我)bymyparentsasaprentlastweek.

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②_______yourmobilephone______________________(是国产的吗)?

③Thewholemountainis__________________(覆盖)thesnow.

强化训练

nois____fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner.

kept;kept;eep;eep;haveto

thgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.

vebeendeveloped

3.-____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.–Yes,italldependsontheweather.

A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.I'

nemorestampbeforemycollection_____.

leted

rests_____andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.

ncut

suspensionbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.

edesigned

encilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______.

nbroken

hanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories_______.

entakenplace;kenplace;havebeentup

kenplace;kenplace;weretup

it_______over60dollars.

10.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-What’stheprettysmallhouthat__for?

ding

11.-Doyoulikethematerial?-Yes,it___verysoft.

fficultforaforeigner_______Chine.

n

omoreletters_______,thankyou.

re!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_______easily.

’’’’twashingout

noticedthethiefslipintothehoubecauthelightshappenedto________.

putersonthetable_______ProfessorSmith.

to

17.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,’sworth________acondtime.

外研版英语八年级上册

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ead

irrelwasluckythatitjustmisd________.

h

geneeded________again.

ecked

20._______manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercis

ng

idthatanewrobot________byhiminafewdays.

vebeendesigned

tthefilm_______bythetimewegettothecinema.

lreadyhavestarted

eadybeenstarted

lstopshowingoffifnonotice_______ofher.

en

d____inBrazilin1971.

nfound

25.-“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?”-“m_______.”

gpainted

ures______untilnextFriday.

''''tbedeveloped

_______sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.

mployed

numberofcollegesanduniversities_______since1949.

nestablished

29.I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecauwe_______ifweleaveithere.

vebeenfined

30.“______egoandeittogether?”

vegiventome

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