2013考研英语二真题

2013年考研英语二真题及答案详解

说明：由于试题一题多卷，因此选择题部分，不同考生有不同顺序，请在核对答案时注意题目和选项内容。

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD

onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashless

societyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaround

,

example,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon"revolutionize

thevery3ofmoneyitlf,"themovementtoacashless

societybeenso5incoming?

Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembadonpaper,

,itisvery7totupthecomputer,

cardreader,andtelecornmunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpayment

Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,somethingthaimanyconsumersareunwilling

,theuofpaperchecksgivesconsumersveraldaysof"float"-ittakesveraldays

11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer'saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthe

checkcancaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsarcimmediate,theyeliminate

thefloatfortheconsumer.

Fourth,nhearmediareports

thatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaandtoalterinformation15

tthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccess

bankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneel'18ofthistype

offraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19curityissues.

Afurtherconcernisthattheuofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontains

reconcernsthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmight

beabletoaccessthedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.

1.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwi

2.[A]off[B]back[C]over[D]around

3.[A]power[B]concept[C]history[D]role

4.[A]reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]rever

5.[A]silent[B]sudden[C]slow[D]steady

6.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]on

7.[A]imaginative[B]expensive[C]nsitive[D]productive

8.[A]similar[B]original[C]temporary[D]dominant

9.[A]collect[B]provide[C]copy[D]print

10.[A]giveup[B]takeover[C]bringback[D]passdown

11.[A]before[B]after[C]since[D]when

12.[A]kept[B]borrowed[C]relead[D]withdrawn

13.[A]Unless[B]Until[C]Becau[D]Though

14.[A]hide[B]express[C]rai[D]ea

15.[A]analyzed[B]shared[C]stored[D]displayed

16.[A]unsafe[B]unnatural[C]uncommon[D]unclear

17.[A]steal[B]choo[C]benefit[D]return

18.[A]consideration[B]prevention[C]manipulation[D]justification

19.[A]copewith[B]fightagainst[C]adaptto[D]callfor

20.[A]chunk[B]chip[C]path[D]trail

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,

youranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcotton

aboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestoday,”

istheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”

Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthat

thereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalso

becauoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whichare

morerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.

Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob，couldearnanaverage

lifestyle,But,today,veragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitud

’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheap

foreignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,ore,everyone

needstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveris

theirfieldofemployment.

Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,re’sbeenanacceleration.

AsDavidsonnotes,”Inthe10yearndingin2009,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthatthey

eradalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturing

jobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared.

Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,onethingweknowfor

tion,thebestjobswillrequire

workerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemlvesaboveaverage.

Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,

rthe21stcenturythatensures

thateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation.

einParagraph1isudtoillustrate_______

[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances

[B]thealleviationofjobpressure

[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills

[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes

ingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto______

[A]workoncheapsoftware

[B]askforamoderatesalary

[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle

[D]contributesomethingunique

tationinParagraph4explainsthat______

[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerad

[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed

[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore

[D]newjobsandrviceshavebeenoffered

ingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_____

[A]tion

[B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople

[C]roadvanceeconomicglobalization

[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury

fthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?

[A]NewLawTakesEffect

[B]TechnologyGoesCheap

[C]AverageIsOver

[D]RecessionIsBad

Text2

Acenturyago,ith

themanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethowhohadnointention

tostay,quarterofallItalian

immigrants,forexanmle,enhadanaffectionatenickname,

“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.

Today,denemcomersintotwocategories:legal

orillegal,themasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrantionsystem

’tneedmorecategories,butweneedto

tolookbeyondstrickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.

Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,

mightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.

Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaides

andphysicistsareamongtoday’eenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomy

drivenbytheflowofwork,efertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,

Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.

Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,

themtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommitting

themtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthatthey

canbelongtotwonationshonorably.

Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesofthe

gbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddle

groundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.

Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.

26“Birdsofpassage”referstothowho____

[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic.

[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood.

[C]stayinaforegintemporaily.

[D]findpermanentjobsoveras.

27Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationstystemintheUS____

[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories.

[B]hasloonedcontroloverimmigrants.

[C]shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges.

[D]hasbeenfixeedviapoliticalmeans.

28Accordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassagewant___

[A]fiancialincentives.

[B]aglobalrecognition.

[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs.

[D]thefreedomtostayandleave.

29Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated__

[A]asfaithfulpartners.

[B]witheconomicfavors.

[C]withregaltolerance.

[D]asmightyrivals.

30选出最适合文章的标题

[A]comeandgo:bigmistake.

[B]livingandthriving:greatrisk.

[C]withorwithout:greatrisk.

[D]legalorillegal:bigmistake.

Text3

Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentand

thinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofour

quick,hard-wiredrespons.

Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefenmechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,

ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,eedmoretime

ratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleast

aminute,sawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticism

oropen-mindedness.

Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.

PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafew

millicondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.

Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoimpulsintowhatever

elwe’redoing,Subjectxpodtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoo

long.

owwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousing

optionswhenweeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesreprentativesandrealestateagentsare

alwayssmiling),owfemalejobscreenersaremorelikely

torejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbias-orhireoutside

screeners.

JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliably

onlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”nreally

wantstoassswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamuck

longerevaluation;twodays,nottwoconds.

Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:

toricallywehave

ghtechnologymightchange

thewaywereact,ithasn’lhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriabove

temptationandreverthehigh-speedtrend.

eneededinmakingdecisionsmay____.

[A]varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation

[B]provethecomplexityofourbrainreaction

[C]dependontheimportanceoftheasssment

[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment

ctiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnaodecisions____.

[A]canbeassociative

[B]arenotunconscious

[C]canbedangerous

[D]arenotimpulsive

rthenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould____.

[A]trustourfirstimpression

[B]doaspeopleusuallydo

[C]thinkbeforeweact

[D]askforexpertadvice

ttmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionarebadon____.

[A]criticalasssment

[B]‘‘thinsliced’’study

[C]nsibleexplanation

[D]adequateinformation

hor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis____.

[A]tolerant

[B]uncertain

[C]optimistic

[D]doubtful

Text4

icular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbe

completelyfamily—friendlyuntilwomenarepartofniormanagementdecisions,andEurope,stop

,womenholdonly14percentof

positionsonEuropecorporateboards.

TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertain

ar,Europe

Cinvitedcorporations

appealwasconsidered

afailure:only24companiestookitup.

DoweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateLadderfairyasthey

balanceworkandfamily?

“Personally,Idon’tlikequotas,”Redingsaidrecently.“Butilikewhatthequotasdo.”

Quotasgetaction:they“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,” according

toReding,aresulteninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomen

intopbusinesspositions.

IunderstandReding’’tlikequotaither;theyruncounter

tomybeliefinmeritocracy,,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclesto

achievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.

Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeastheUSareevading

themeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotopposition—nomatterhowmuch“softpressure”

mendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower--as,forexample,Sheryl

SandbergrecentlydidatFacebook—theyattractmassiveattentionprecilybecautheyremainthe

exceptiontotherule.

Ifappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen---whetherCEOsortheirchildren’s

caregivers--andallfamilies,Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapableperson

livinginamorejustsociety.

uropeancorporateworkplace,generally_____.

[A]womentakethelead

[B]menhavethefinalsay

[C]corporategovernanceisoverwhelmed

[D]niormanagementisfamily-friendly

opeanUnion’sintendedlegislationis________.

[A]areflectionofgenderbalance

[B]areluctantchoice

[C]arespontoReding’scall

[D]avoluntaryaction

ingtiReding,quotasmayhelpwomen______.

[A]gettopbusinesspositions

[B]ethroughtheglassceiling

[C]balanceworkandfamily

[D]anticipatelegalresults

hor’sattitudetowardReding’sappealisoneof_________.

[A]skepticism

[B]objectiveness

[C]indifference

[D]approval

nteringtopmanagementbecomeheadlinesduetothelackof______.

[A]moresocialjustice

[B]massivemediaattention

[C]suitablepublicpolicies

[D]greater“softpressure”

PartB

Directions:

themostsuitableheadingfromthe

listA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[A]Livelikeapeasant

[B]Balanceyourdiet

[C]Shopkeepersareyourfriends

[D]Remembertotreatyourlf

[E]Sticktowhatyouneed

[F]Planningivervthing

[G]Wastenot,wantnot

ThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwith

ills,Tonyhas?60aweektospend,?40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10years

agohewaarning?130,000aIyearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon'sbetft

restaurants'"smarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinking

becamerious."ltlikethatagain,toacertain

degree,methevalidationandconfidencethatI'd

'sstilladay-by-daything."Nowhe'slivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfrom

'sfeelingpositive,buthe'llcarryonblogging-notabouteatingascheaplyas

youcan-"therearesomanypeopleinamuchworstate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood"

-'shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.

41._____________________

Impulsivespendingisn'tanoption,soplanyourweek'smenuinadvance,makingshoppinglists

nExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,lunch

ughing:it''salso

agoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,becau,being-human,you'llsometimeschangeyourmind

aboutwhatyoufancy.

42____________________________________________________________

Thisiswheresupermarketsandthci;em,

there'snotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittle

ouplanproperly,you'llknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350g

ofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre-packedinthe

supermarketchiller.

43_________

Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer-that'snot

filledwithleftovers,bread,stock,ng

aheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou'lldoa

vegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningto"gooff'willbecookedorjuiced.

44___________________________________

Everyonesaysthis,butchers,

delisandfish-llersregularly,evenforsmallthings,

you'llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey'veanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,

orbeefbones,chickencarcassandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthan

not,Theyilletyouhaveforfree.

45__________________