bourgeoisie

丹尼尔笛福英文简介

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丹尼尔·笛福简介

DanielDefoe(1660~1731),hEnlightenment

erarealismrichnovelsfounder,knownasthe"fatherofthenovel",

"thefatherofBritishnovels"and"thefatheroftheBritish

newspaper"einprotestant

rentative"RobinsonCrusoe",optimisticand

braveRobinsonthroughtheefforts,byvirtueofwisdomand

couragetoovercomethedifficulties,theperformanceofthepursuit

ofadventure,advocatepersonalstruggleofthesocialatmosphere.

丹尼尔·笛福人物生平

DanielDefoe(1660~1731),Britishnovelist,founderofthe

BritishEnlightenmenteraofrealismnovels,knownasthe"fatherof

Europeannovels."WasbornintheBritishcapitalofLondon,father

campslaughteringindustry(onethatisoilcandlebusiness),so

elextensively,operating

underwearintheearlyyears,tobaccoandalcohol,woolfabric,brick

industry,wenttothemainlandbusiness.

In1684,Defoemarriedadaughterofawinebusiness,gotthe

woman'keshisbrother

andbrotherandbrotherasapartnertostartasmalldepartment

tion,itisstilldoingbusinessinEurope,often

r,hefollowedthe

puritanprincipleinthe"drunken"business,againstthesaleofgin

andtheusualspirits.

In1685DefoeattendedtherebellionoftheDukeofMonmouth

againsttheCatholickings.

In1688theDutchbelieveinprotestantWilliamledhisarmyto

landinEngland,inheritedtheBritishthrone,Defoeparticipatedin

hisarmy.

In1692hewasbankrupt,debtamountedto17,000pounds,

andlaterfailed,andthushadtouavarietyofwaystomakea

ctedasacretintelligenceofficerofthe

government,designedvariousdevelopmentundertakings,and

engagedinwriting.

In1698hepublished"onthedevelopment",topromote

highwayconstruction,bank,bankruptcylaw,tupcrazyhomes,do

waterandfireinsurance,levyincometax,schoolandsoon.

In1701hepublishedasatiricalpoem"realBritish",thatthereis

nopurebredBritish,againstthearistocraticCatholicforces,forthe

ngisprinted

withversion9.

1702issuedapoliticaltheory"toeliminatethedifferentctsof

theshortcut",withirony,againstthenationalreligionoppressionof

differentcts,cleverwriting,begantobeenisagainstChristians,

afterbeingfound,bythefineandjailpunishment,imprisonment6

Month,flogthreetimes,

theprisonheimitatedtheGreekpoetpinarross'ssongtowritea

"lie"(1703),satiricallawunfairly.

In1704,DanielDefoewonthe"Review"magazineforWhig's

partyleaderHarry,whichwassupportedbyHarry's

11yearshehasbeen

betweenEnglandandScotland,asHarryandhissuccessorTolipie

Gordorfencretintelligenceofficer,tocollectpublicopinion.

Duringthisperiod,hewroteashorttermimprisonment,butnever

terminatedfortheWhigpartyinpowertocollectintelligence,

newspaper,writearticles.

1719thefirst

novel,"RobinsonCrusoe"published,popular,hesucceededin

shapingtheimageofanidealizedbourgeois,inthehistoryof

eyearandpublished

aquel.

1720andwrote"Robinson'spensivet."Sincethen,hehas

writtenveralnovels:"CaptainSingleton""MooreFlanders"

"ColonelJack"tion,healsowroteanumberof

biographies,suchas"deafmanCampbell","peterEmperorJi",

veraldomesticandforeigntravel,suchas"NewGlobalTravel"

"RobertsCaptainfourtravel"elto"Robinson

Crusoe"spreadthemostwidely,isconsideredhismasterpiece.

ItissaidthatFlutehasbeenassociatedwith26magazines,

somepeoplecallhim"thefatherofmodernnewsreports."His

works,includingalargenumberofpoliticalbooks,atotalof250

species,andbotharetheneedtodevelopthedevelopmentofthe

bourgeoisie,writethecitymiddleclassinterestedandconcerned

abouttheissue.(1722),writtenin1665Londonplague,the

occurrenceoftheplague,thespreadoftheplague,theplagueof

theplague,theplagueoftheplague,Itcaudterrorandpanic,as

wellasthenumberofdeaths,thesituationoftheescapewas

timetheFrenchMarilleplague

epidemic,causingpeople'sspecialattention,Defoe'sworktomeet

thepublic'scuriosityonplague.

Afterthe"RobinsonCrusoe",hewrotesomeexcellentworks,

including"MooreFlanders"and"ColonelJack",whichwere

classifiedasBritishliteraryclassics.

"RobinsonCrusoe"best-llingpromptedhimtowrite

"RobinsonCrusoequel",helethisheromadeaglobaltravel,

Robinson'smostjourneyisstartingfromBeijing,acrossSiberiato

otbeentoChina,butinthequel

talkedaboutthetimetheEuropeanpeopledonotknow

Heilongjiang.

Defoewastoocomfortableinhislateryears,andwroteafew

books,somecreditorshavedied,hesoldasmallbrickfactorywitha

smallamountofmoneybacktootherpeople'sdebt,stillnotfar

r,healsohasupsand

downs,andcreditorsliveinharmony,andcouldnotexpecta

creditor'swidowmadeanewlawsuit,thejudicialmachineagain

spinup,hewastoavoidthepropertywasconfiscated,thehousing

andpropertytransfertohissonTheHissonisacapablejournalist,

rote:"Iputmylfinhis

subordinateposition,trusthim,entrustedhimtootherchildrenwho

havenolivingcurity,andhehasnotevencompassionate,

torturedthechildren,torturedhimlfTheunfortunatemother,who

livedaveryrichlife.

Thefluteoftheventieshadtohidefromthedebt,andhehad

rentedroomsinthecenterofLondon'soldtown.

Onthedayofthe1731day,theLondonCourierreportedthat

theeveningoftheevening,thefamousDanielDefoediedinhisown

tishlovetowritetheir

ownpreten,writtencute,lsowrotethathe

wantedtowriteonhistombstone:"DanielDefoe".Buttheyare

anotherconsideration,theywroteonhistombstone:"Daniel

Defoe:"RobinsonCrusoe"author.

丹尼尔·笛福人物评价

Defoelivesintheperiodofcapitalistdevelopment,hebelongs

tothebourgeoisie,heisthemiddleclassbourgeoisspokesperson.

Defoelifeismostconcernedaboutthedevelopmentof

capitalism,hestronglypraidthebourgeoisie,hebelievesthatthe

coreissueofacountry'sdevelopmentisthedevelopmentoftrade.

"Giveustradeistogiveuverything","tradeistheworld's

prosperouslife",whichishismostfundamentalproposition.

Becauhethoughtthattrademadethemanufacturingand

maritimeindustrydevelopment,sothatpeoplehavework,thereare

clothingtowear,havefood,materialsandthereforecanmaintain

highprices,andcanmaintainahighrent,sotheuppersocietyalso

astherearehard-workingpeopletodeveloptrade,

economicworksandsomepolitical

workshaveplayedthisproposition,putforwardanumberof

e'sideaofdevelopingthe

economyisconducivetothedevelopmentoftheBritishsociety,but

heenthusiasticallysupportsthecolonialsystem,propostoize

andoperatethecolonies,propowaystoexpandtradewith

backwardcountries,sshowshisclass

limitations.

Defoewassodisgustedwiththearistocratswhowereproudof

thedoor,andhetriedtocelebratethebourgeoisie,nottheupper

class,andcriticizedthe"gentleman"wholookeddownon"civilians".

sdthat

businessmenareufulpeople,andgentlemenchange

businessmen,businessmenchangethegentlemanisareasonable

thing,dhisclass,heinthe"Rosanna"wherethere

isaparagraphofthemostobvious:

BaronRobertandmyviewofthebusinessmanixactlythe

obertsaid-Ithinkheisperfectlycorrect-an

authenticbusinessmanisthebestgentlemaninthecountry,bothin

knowledge,intheritualorinjudgment,thebusinessmanisstronger

eycontroltheworld,althoughthereisno

realestate,butalsorichthantherealestateofthegentleman.

Defoe'

believesthattherootofthecrimeispoor,richpeoplearenotguilty.

MooreFlandersandRohsanaareembracedbythegloriouspath,

becauofpoverty,soheisalsosympathetictothetwocharacters.

Headvocatedthedevelopmentofindustryandcommercetomake

heotherhand,hewastheworkers

workinglongtime,lowwages,underagechildrenwillworkand

otherbrutalexploitationofthephenomenonasamatterofcour.

Thisistheemployer'spointofview.

DefoeacceptedLocke'spoliticalthought,opposdespotism,

timetheBritishparliamentwas

theupperechelonofpoliticiansfightinginfightingplaces,bribing

s,peasantsandthe

dvocatesthat

thebasicrightofmanisthatnoone,includingtheking,thecabinet,

andthecongress,cannotbeviolated."TheBritishareneitherkings

norslavesofCongress."Defoeadvocatedfreedomofreligious

belief,althoughtheBritishdidnotlikeFrance,Spain,asinthe

religiousissueofextremeautocracy,butthereligionoutsidethe

protestantdenominationsandCatholicbelieversarealsoavariety

on-statereligionprotestant,whoisapetty

bourgeoisiewhodemandsapoliticalsystemthatisinlinewiththe

"revolutionaryprinciple"s

esthatthepeopleshouldbe

educatedandadvocatedforwomentobeeducated.

Ingeneral,thethoughtofDefoewasprogressiveatthetime,

rgeoisiewas

stillaprogressiveclassandstillstruggledagainstfeudalforces.

Conrvativearistocrats,landlordsdonotproduce,sithugerent

income,thebourgeoisieorganizedlarge-scaleindustrialand

commercialpromotionofsocialdevelopment.

Thepettybourgeoisie,ontheonehand,hasthesameplaceas

thebigbourgeoisie,andontheother,withtherulingclassbig

bourgeoisieandaristocrats,anddemandmoreliberalpolitics.

Therefore,Defoe'sviewsonthedevelopmentofcapitalism,against

feudalforces,againstpoliticalundemocratic,andagainst

assubjecttotheconstraints

ofthetimesandclassprejudiceandcolonialsystemandracial

discrimination,whichisconsistentwiththebigbourgeoisie,is

orkingpeople,heisonlyconcernedwith

makingthemworkandproducingwealth,whichcoincideswiththe

houghtonthisduality,clearly

manifestedinhisliteraryworks.

Defoeisdeeplyunderstoodbythecharactershedescribes,and

heisgoodatwritingindividualstoovercomedifficultiesinan

oisintelligent,energetic,unbelief,

believein"commonn".plot,structuredoesnotfallaxchil

rticularlygoodatdescribingtheenvironment,the

detailsofthefidelity,fictionalscenewrittensothatpeopleas

immersive.

Defoewassodisgustedwiththearistocratswhowereproudof

thedoor,andhetriedtocelebratethebourgeoisie,nottheupper

class,andcriticizedthe"gentleman"wholookeddownon"civilians".

sdthat

businessmenareufulpeople,andgentlemenchange

businessmen,businessmenchangethegentlemanisareasonable

thing,dhisclass,heinthe"Rosanna"wherethere

isaparagraphofthemostobvious:

BaronRobertandmyviewofthebusinessmanixactlythe

obertsaid-Ithinkheisperfectlycorrect-an

authenticbusinessmanisthebestgentlemaninthecountry,bothin

knowledge,intheritualorinjudgment,thebusinessmanisstronger

eycontroltheworld,althoughthereisno

realestate,butalsorichthantherealestateofthegentleman.