clot怎么读

字母和字母组合的读音规则小结

A

a/ei/facelatenameplanetake

/A/badgladlampplan

/C/qualityquantitywantwashwatchwhat

/B:/fatherrather

非重读/E/aboutagainawakechinabreakfastimportant

非重读/i/accurateadvantagecomradecouragedamagemessage

palacepassageprivateparatevillagevoltage

在名词、形容词、副词词尾

非重读/ei/celebratedictateradiateparate

在动词词尾

aff/B:f/staff

aft/B:ft/aftercraftdraft

ai/ay/ei/brainclaimfaintmainwait

daymayplaysay

非重读/i/mountainportraitholidaySunday

air/Z[/chairfairhairpairstair

al/C:/chalktalkwalk

allballcallwall

/C:l/alsofalsalt

/B:/calfhalf

1

balmcalmpalm

-an-/B:n/commanddanceplant

ar/B:/barcardarkfarlark

/C:/dwarfquarterwarwardwarmwarp

非重读/E/collargrammarparticularpolarsugarare/Z[/care

darefareraresparestare

-ask/B:sk/askflasktask

-asp/B:sp/grasp

-ass/B:s/brassclassglasspass

-ast/B:st/blastfastlastpast

-ath/B:W/bathpath

augh/C:/caughtdaughtertaught

au/aw/C:/authorcaufaultlaunch

awfulclawdawnlawpawsaw

B

b/b/beeblast

C

c/k/cakeclothcookcrosscut

/s/cellcitecitycycle

cc/ks/accentacceptaccidentsucceed

/k/acclaimaccordingaccuoccupy

ch-/tF/chalkchangechoochurch

/k/anchorcharacterchemistrychlorideechopsychologyschool

stomach

/F/chauffeurchef

-cia--cie--cio-

/FE/efficientsufficientdeliciousprecioulectriciansocial

specialtechnician

ck/k/deckkickneckpackstick

D

d/d/decid

edeeddivedoduty

dge/dV/badgebridgejudgelodgeridgeE

e/i:/hethemethewe

/e/bestdeskeggpenwellyes

非重读/E/excellentopenntencesilent非重读/i/decide

eventexplainrepeat

actresscarelessdarknesstallestwanted

ea/i:/cleanleameatpeacetea

/e/breaddeadheadlead

/ei/breakgreat

/iE/idea

ear/iE/dearfearhearspeartearwear

/Z[/bearpearwear

/[:/earlyheardlearnpearl

ee/i:/greenmeetesteelthree

eer/i[/beercheerdeerengineerpioneer

ei/ai/eitherheightneither

ei/ie/i:/ceilingreceive

brieffieldniecepiecethiefyield

eigh/ei/eightfreightneighbor

el/([)l/level

em/([)m/problem

en/([)n/elementevenopenvenstudent

er/[:/certainhernervepersonrve

非重读/[/conversationpaperperformteacherworkerere/i[/

adhereheremerely

/Z[/therewhere

eu/ew/ju:/feudalneutral

chewdewfewnew

ew/u:/blewcrewdrewJewthrew

ey/ei/greypreythey

非重读/i/moneyvalley

F

f/f/farfewfirforfun

calfknifelifescarfwolf

G

g/g/gavegogoat

biglegtag

/dV/gemgiantcouragelargetechnology

gh/f/coughenoughlaughroughtough

gn/n/campaigndesignforeignsign

gu(e)/g/guessguestguidelanguageleagueplagueH

h/h/hareheadhighhorhou

/不发音/honorhourexhaustexhibitrhyme

I

i/y/ai/likenicetimemywhytry

i非重读/ai/criticizeexercimodernizerealize

在动词词尾

y非重读/ai/beautifyclassifyoccupysatisfy

在动词词尾

i/y/i/isitmilkmythsickwish

givelive

非重读/i/activecityhappyofficemorning

非重读/E/beautifulholidaypossible

ie/ai/dieliepietie

ia/ie/io/aiE/biasdialoguereliable

quietsciencesociety

riotvioletviolent

ei/ie/i:/ceilingreceive

brieffieldniecepiecethiefyield

-ild/aild/childmildwild

-ind/aind/blindfindkind

ig/igh/ai/signdesignbrightlightnightsigh

io/iou

非重读/iE/curiousfuriouspatriotperiod

ir/[:/birddirtfirstgirlthirst

非重读/[/circumference

ire/yre/aiE/admirefirehirerequiretiretyrewireJ

j/dV/jacketjobjoinJulyjust

K

k/k/kettlekeykitchenkite

kn/n/kneeknifeknitknow

L

l/l/layleavelightlosslust

bottlecastlelittletalltitlewill

M

m/m/manmeetmicemoremuch

dimedomebottomroom

-mb/m/bombclimbcombtomb

mn/m/autumncondemnsolemn

(在词尾)

N

n/n/namenicknamenieceno

cottonfattenlantern

kn/n/kneeknitknow

ng/nk/N(g/k)/bangclingEnglishfingerringthingtonguebank

rinkthinkuncle

O

o/Eu/bonehomejokenosmokeso

非重读/Eu/phonophotopianopotatoradiotomato

/C/dropgothotlotodd

/u:/domovetowho

/Q/comesomedoneonesonbrothermother

doveglovelove

非重读/[/considerproducecondldomtoday

oa/Eu/boatcoatloadroadsoap

oe/Eu/doefoehoetoe

oar/C:/boardcoarhoarroarsoar

oi/oy/Ci/boilcoinhoistmoistpointvoice

annoyboyjoyploytoy

-old/Euld/boldcoldfoldold

oo/u/footgoodstood

bookbrookcooklooktook

/u:/bootfoodmoonschoolspoontootooth

/Q/bloodflood

oor/C:/doorfloor

or/C:/cordforklordmorningportion

/[:/wordworkworldworship

非重读/[/doctordirectoreffortforgetmotor

ore/C:/coreforemoreshorestorewore

-ost/Eust/mostpost

ou/u:/groupyouth

ou/Q/countryroughtouchtoughtroubleyoung

ou/ow/Eu/soulshoulder

blowgrowknowshowsnow

非重读/Eu/sorrowtomorrowwindowyellow

ou/ow/au/aboutclouddoubthouloudmouthshoutbrownclown

downnowtown

非重读/[/generousjealousnervous

ough/C:/boughtfoughtthought

oul/u/couldshouldwould

our/au[/flourhoursour

our/C:/courcourtfourpour

our/u[/tour

非重读/E/colourlabourneighbour

owe/ower/auE/towelvowelflowerpowershowerP

p/p/partpearpillpower

capclapdeeppeep

ph/f/paragraphphonographphotophraphysicsps-/s/

pudo-sciencepsychology

Q

qu-/q/kw/quayquestionquickquitequotation

R

r/r/racereadrightrottenrude

wr-/r/writewringwrong

S

s/s/sackesightslightsoapstart

baca

(在词首,在名、形容词中)

/z/clotdesireisreasonvisit

(在元音字母之间)

sc/s/scenarioscenescentsciencescissor

/sk/escapescarfscornsculpture

sh/F/shapesheepshineshoreshut

ashbushcashfishwash

-sia-/F[/AsianRussian

-sion/VEn/decisionoccasionprecisionvision

-shion-sion-tion

/FEn/cushionfashionaggressionimpressionoppressionversion

actiondictationfictionmotionsolution

ss/s/assistantblessclasslesslessonlossmiss

-ssure/FE/pressure

-st-/s/castlefastenlistenwhistle

-sure/VE/exposuremeasurepleasuretreasure

sw/s/answersword

T

t/t/taketelltoothbeattastewhat

tch/tF/catchlatchmatchpatchwatch

th/W/thankthemethinthreatthroat

bathclothnorthpathtenth

th(e)/T/thantheretheytho

bathebreathefatherratherweather

-tia--tie-/F[/militiapartialpatientpotential

-shion-sion-tion

/FEn/cushionfashionaggressionimpression

versionactiondictationfictionmotionsolution

-stion/stFEn/combustionquestionsuggestion

-ture/tFE/adventurecapturecultureexpenditurefuture

U

u/ju:/cutemutetuneu

/u:/ruletruefluteJune

/Q/butclublustmustshutsun

/u/bushfullput

非重读/ju/communistinstrumentoccupyregular

非重读/ju:/attributeattitudecontributedistributeinstitute

在名词和动词词尾

非重读/E/autumndifficultindustrysuggestsupportsuppoue/

(j)u:/bluecluecueduegluesuetrue

ui/ju:/nuisancesuit

/u:/fruitjuicerecruit

/(j)u(:)/suicidetuitionfluidruin

ur/E:/burnfurhurtnursurfaceturnurge

非重读/E/murmurpursueSaturdaysurvive

ure/(j)uE/curemanurepuresure

非重读/E/figureinjure

V

v/v/varyvestvibratevotevulnerable

divefivegivelive

W

w/w/warywearwipewool

wh-/w/whatwhilewhipwhy

/h/whowholewhomwho

wr-/r/writewrongwring

sw/s/answersword

X

x/gz/exactexamineexampleexhibitionexist

/ks/exportexceptexitexport

Y

y/ai/cycle

非重读/ai/beautifyclassify

非重读/i/citypsychologyclearlydaily

/j/yardyetyieldyoungyouth

Z

z/z/zestzoozoneooze

元音、辅音和国际音标

说明各个字母或字母组合在什么情况下读什么音的规则,称为读音规则。

国际语音学会制定的用一个符号代表一个音素的音标,简称国际音标。

语音的最小单位是音素,音素有元音和辅音之分。发音时声带振动而气流在

通路上不受阻碍的是元音;不论声带振动与否,气流在通路上受到这种或那种阻碍的

都是辅音。

元音依发音时舌面隆起部分位置的前后分为前元音、后元音和中元音。发音

时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音,声带振动的称为浊辅音。

consonants(辅音):(26)

fricative/friction(摩擦音):(10)

voiceless/fWsFh/

voiced/vTzVr/

plosive/stop(爆破音):(6)

voiceless/ptk/

voiced/bdg/

affricate(破擦音):(6)

voiceless/tFtstr/

voiced/dVdzdr/

nasal(鼻音)(3)/mnN/

lateral(舌边音)(1)/l/

vowel:(20)

front(前元音)(4)/i:ieA/

central(中元音)(3)/EE:Q/

back(后元音)(5)/B:CC:uu:/

diphthong(双元音)(8)/eiaiCiEu/ouauiEZ[u[/

mi-vowel/glide(半元音/滑音)(2)/jw/

开音节和闭音节规则

1.开音节:元音字母在开音节中读其字母名称音,u在字母j,l,r后面发

/u:/。

1)以元音字母结尾的音节,如be,my,no;

2)以“一个元音字母+(一个)辅音字母+e(不发音)”结尾的音节,如age,

eve,ice,u;

3)以“(一个)辅音字母+一个元音字母+(一个)辅音字母+e(不发音)”结尾的

音节,如

dive,fu,like,name,no,plate,rule,theme;

4)以“(一个)辅音字母+一个元音字母+不发音的e”结尾的音节,也按开音节

读音:

blue,due,lie,e,three,tie

2.闭音节:元音字母a,e,i/y,o,u在闭音节中分别发音为:/A/或/C/(在

字母qu的组合以及字母w后面),/e/,/i/,/C/,/Q/.

1)以“一个元音字母+(一个)辅音字母”结尾的音节,如add,at,egg,end,

if,it,odd,up,us

2)以“(一个)辅音字母+一个元音字母+(一个)辅音字母”结尾的音节,如

black,clock,fun,knit,map,net,nod,pump,quality,sit,syrup,wash;

3)以“一个元音字母+二个辅音字母+不发音的e”结尾的音节,也按闭音节

读音:

bridgedenhencehingeplungerevolvensincesludge

solvetingetwelvevalve

R音节规则

“元音+r”构成的音节叫“R音节”,重读“R音节”的读音分别为:

/B:/:carhardmarkpart

/C:/:warwarmwarp

(在字母w后面)

/E:/:derveherrveverb

/E:/:birddirtyfirstsirvirgin

/C:/:corklordportsort

/E:/:wordworldworkworst

(在字母w后面)

/E:/:curbfurnurpur

非重读“R音节”的读音均为/E/:

circumferencefactorgrammarmetermurmursolarsurvivaltractor

under

重读-re音节,即“元音+re”音节和“元音+r+元音”音节的规则

在多音节词中,如果“元音+r”之后仍为元音字母,则“元音+r+元音”也多按

-re音节读音,读法如下:

1)are读作/Z[/:caredarefareharesquareware

ar(+元)读作/Z[r/:variablevariousvarywary

2)ere多读作/i[/:adhereheremerereverevere

er(+元)读作/i[r/:imperialistmaterialperiodrious

3)ire读作/aiE/:fairehirerequiretiretyreire

ir(+元)读作/aiEr/:miry(泥泞的)sirenspiralspiry(尖塔状的)

4)ore读作/C:/:beforeborecoremorescorestore

or(+元)读作/C:r/:boringgloriousglorystory

5)ure读作/juE/:cureluremanurepurecure

ur(+元)读作/juEr/:curiousdurableduringfury

“双r音节”规则

在多音节词中,若重读R音节后在出现一个r,即“元音+rr+元音”,则r前面

的元音字母不再按重读R音节读音,而按重读闭音节读音:

barrelcarrycirruscurrentcurryferrousferryfurrowgarret

harrow

herringhorrorhurrylorrymerrymirrorsorrysquirrelstirrup

tomorrow

比较:

burdencarboncirclefermenthardeninternalmorningporterpurpo

skirting

音节

英语单词由一个或几个音节组成,音节是说话时最小的语音片断,每个音节常

由一个元音加一个或几个辅音组成,但单独一个元音也可以构成一个音节,少数辅音

如/mnl/,虽没有元音的帮助也能与前面的一个辅音构成一个非重读音节。

单词重音

1.双音节词重读音节中的元音字母有一定的读音规则:

1)英语双音节词的重音多数在第一个音节上:

par’tystu’dent

2)在两个音节的分界线上如果只有一个辅音字母(r除外),这个字母归右边

的音节,第一音节按重读开音节读音:

stu’dento’penla’bourslo’gan

3)分界线上有两个辅音字母(第一个不是r),这两个辅音字母分别划归左右

两个音节,第一个音节按重读闭音节读音:

com’radecon’certles’sonlet’termem’ber

4)分界线上有两个辅音字母,第一个是r,这两个字母可分别划归左右两音

节,第一音节按重读r音节(这条规则也适用于多音节词):

cor’nerpor’trait

但如果分界线上的两个辅音字母是rr,左边的重读音节按闭音节读音:

car’rycur’rentsor’ry

5)带有前缀a-,be-,con-,de-,dis-,en-,mis-,per-,pre-,pro-,

re-,trans-,un-等的双音节词,一般在第二个音节重读:

aboard’awake’beside’behalf’condemn’conden’connect’

decide’disclo’discuss’dia’enlarge’enrich’mistake’

misu’perform’permit’prepare’produce’renew’repair’

report’rewrite’transfer’transform’transmit’unkind’unknown’

2.有三个以上音节的词称为多音节词。多音节词的重音多在倒数第三个音节

上,该音节中的元音字母多读短音:

activ’itydif’ficultexper’imentfam’ilymon’itor

partic’ularpolit’icalqual’ity

3.多音节词中的次重音有时落在主重音前的第二个音节上:

sat7isfac5toryin7divid’ualappre7cia’tioncongrat7ula’tion

exam7ina’tion

4.在以-graphy,-ial,-ian,-iar,-ic(-ical),-ience,-iency,-ient,

-ify,-ion,-itis,-ity,-ive,-logy,-ous(-eous,-ious),-sion,-tion

等后缀结尾的词中,重音通常落在它们前面的一个音节上:

dicta’tionexhibit’ionexper’iencefamil’iarhistor’ic

ideol’olyimpa’tient

indus’trialinven’tivemu’sicmusic’ianopin’ionques’tion

repub’lic

situa’tionsim’plify

5.在以-ade,-ain,-ee,-eer,-esce,-esque,-ette,-ique,-oo,-

oon等结尾的词中,重音常常落到最后一个音节上:

cartoon’cigarette’engineer’entertain’examinee’lemonade’pictur

esque’

platoon’shampoo’technique’trainee’

句子重音(ntencestress)

人们在谈话中,为了突出某一思想,对传达该意思的词重读以进行强调,这就是

句子重音。

表意重音(nstress)是句子重音中最普通、最基本的重音模式。根据这

一模式,凡是在句子中表示明确概念,即具有较强的词汇意义的词都应重读。这类词

主要是实词,即名词、形容词、动词、副词;感叹词、指示代词、疑问代词等也常常

重读。凡是意义不强,在句中主要起造句作用的词都弱读,这类词主要是虚词,或称

功能词,虚词包括冠词、介词、连词、助动词、人称代词、关系代词等。

逻辑重音(logicalstess)是一种特殊重音,逻辑重音按说话人的需要,为了对

比或暗示,强调句中某一个或数个词,其它词(不论哪类词)则统统退居次要地位。

失去爆破

一个爆破音后面紧接着另一个爆破音时,第一个爆破音不发生爆破,亦即只由

有关发音器官做好这个音的发音姿势,稍停随即发后面的爆破音,这种现象称为失

去爆破:

notebookaredpenSitdown!

爆破音后面紧跟着摩擦音或破擦音时有爆破,但十分轻微:

picturegoodstudent

爆破音在鼻辅音和边辅音前面有轻微的爆破:

goodmorningComradeLi

连读

在一个意群(ngroup)(意思密切相关的一组词)中,如果前一个词以辅音

结尾,后一个以元音开头,这两个音有时可以连起来念,这种现象叫做连读,用符号表

示:

Whatisthis?Itisapen.

辅音连缀

在英语单词中常有两个或更多的辅音连在一起,这种组合叫做辅音连缀,例如

maps,grade,desks.读辅音连缀时必须注意:(1)第一个辅音要念得轻些,短促些;

(2)不要在这些辅音之间加入元音.