aestheticism

edievalperiod，itisChauceralonewho，forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature，

prentedtousacomprehensive__pictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalery

ofvivid___fromallwalksoflifeinhismasterpiece“theCanterburyTales”。

ary/ic/tic/l/figures

gh____wasntiallyamedievalwriter,heboremarksofhumanismandanticipatedanew

eraofliteraturetocome.

Spenr

smspumefromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheantiqueauthorsandis

frequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious，intellectualside，forthe

GreekandRomancivilizationwasbadontheconceptionthatmanisthe____ofallthings.

enceofhumanismisto______.

eamedievalreverenceforthechurch

hecircumstancesofearthlylife

ethenextworldinwhichmencouldliveafterdeath

izehumanqualities

opletodaytendtoregardtheplay“TheMerchantofVenice”asasatireofthehypocrisy

of___andtheirfalstandardsoffriendshipandlove，theircunningwaysofpursuingworldliness

andtheirunreasoningprejudiceagainst_________.

ians//sors//Jews

“Sonnet18”，Shakespearehasaprofoundmeditationonthedestructivepowerof_________

andtheeternal__________broughtforthbypoetrytotheoneheloves.

////love

ilgrim’sProgress,JohnBunyandescribesTheVanityFairina______tone.

igiousreformationintheearly16th-centuryEnglandwasareflectionoftheclassstruggles

wagedbythe_____.

bourgeoisieagainstthefeudalclassanditsideology

gclassagainstthecorruptionofthebourgeoisie

rdclassagainsttherisingbourgeoisieanditsideology

classagainstthecorruptionoftheCatholicChurch

______wasaprogressiveintellectualmovementthroughoutwesternEuropeinthe18thcentury.

stMovement

18thcenturywitnesdanewliteraryform-themodernEnglishnovel,which,contrarytothe

medievalromance,givesa______prentationoflifeofthecommonEnglishpeople.

tic

leofthenovel“APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan”writtenbyJamesJoycesuggests

acharacterstudywithstrong_________elements.

leofthenovel“VanityFair”wastakenfromBunyan'smasterpiece__________.

grim‘er‘sTravels

ingHeights

arlynovels，CharlesDickensattacksoneormorespecificsocialevilsineach：for

example，thedehumanizingworkhousystemandthedark，criminalunderworldlifein“_____”.

fTwoCities

'splay，'sfrofessionisagrotesquelyrealisticexposureofthe_________.

calcorruptioninEngland

ouscorruptioninEngland

atestScottishpoetinthepre-romanticismis________.

Goldsmith

Burns

6._______iswrittenbyWilliamBlake,agreatpoetinthepre-romanticism.

esofAncientEnglishpoetry

han

7.“IfWintercomes，canSpringbefarbehind.”isanepigrammaticlineby___.

y

cessofJaneEyreisnotonlybecauofitssharpcriticismoftheexisting

society,butalsoduetoitsintroductiontotheEnglishnovelthefirst______heroine.

ess

9._______isatypicalfeatureofSwift'swritings.

tstyle

catedntencestructure

theD’Urbervilles,oneofThomasHardy’sbestknownnovels,portraysmanas

elf-sufficient

nocontroloverhisownfate

etaininghisownfaithinaworldofconfusion

，Wordsworth__________，Byron，Shelleyand__________arethemajorRomanticpoets.

dage/dge///Coleridge

ticviewof______canbebestunderstoodfromhisremarkaboutpoetry,thatis,"allgood

poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings."

ats

yssheShelly

’sRobinsonCrusoecreatedtheimageofanenterprisingEnglishman,typicaloftheEnglish

bourgeoisieinthe______century.

A.17thB.18thC.19thD.20th

onversationwithhiswifeinChapterOneofPrideandPrejudice,usa(n)

______tonewithsarcastichumor.

g

sDickenstakestheFrenchRevolutionasthebackgroundofhisnovel______.

Twist

oyceistheauthorofallthefollowingnovelsEXCEPT________.

eObscure

s

7.“artforart’ssake”wasputforthby______.

-romanticism

hegreatessaywritersoftheearly19thcenturyis______.

Eliot

torianAgewaslargelyanageof________eminentlyreprentedbyDickensandThackeray.

____’shands,“dramaticmonologue”reachesitsmaturityandperfection.

Eliot

《英美文学史·英国》复习思考题

uttheauthors’namesofthefollowingworks.

es

onCrusoe

d,ortanceofBeingEarnest

’ighthou

heGrecianUrn

er’sTravels

ingHeights

thed’Urberviles

lontheFloss

heWestWind

Regained

ndPrejudice

nlove

’sProfession

heusUnbound

Agonists

thefollowingliteraryterms.

Couplet

Art’sSake

er

iefanswerstothefollowingquestions.

tragedy

etheLakePoets?

Metaphysicalpoetry?

sWordsworth’sdefinitionforpoetry?

ArtforArt’sSake?

Spenriansonnet?

Shakespeareansonnet?

Hardy’s“characterandenvironment”novel?

efollowingpoemsandtrytounderstandandexplainthem.

Hamlet(Shakespeare)

Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:

Whether'tisnoblerinthemindtosuffer

Theslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,

Ortotakearmsagainstaaoftroubles,

Andbyopposingendthem?Todie:tosleep;

Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweend

Theheart-acheandthethousandnaturalshocks

Thatfleshisheirto,'tisaconsummation

Devoutlytobewish',tosleep.(Consultyourbook)

LONDON(WilliamBlake)

Iwanderthro'eachcharter'dstreet,

Nearwherethecharter'dThamesdoesflow,

AndmarkineveryfaceImeet

Marksofweakness,marksofwoe.

IneverycryofeveryMan,

IneveryInfant'scryoffear,

Ineveryvoice,ineveryban,

Themind-forg'dmanaclesIhear.

HowtheChimney-sweeper'scry

Everyblack'ningChurchappalls;

AndthehaplessSoldier'ssigh

RunsinblooddownPalacewalls.

Butmostthro'midnightstreetsIhear

HowtheyouthfulHarlot'scur

BlaststhenewbornInfant'stear,

AndblightswithplaguestheMarriagehear.

(Consultyourbook)

nessayofabout250wordxplainingONEofthefollowingtopics.

ummaryofBeowulf(Consultyourbook)

turesofMedievalEnglishLiterature(Consultyourbook)

racteristicsofEnglishRomanticism(Consultyourbook)

ePoets(Consultyourbook)a

icismandNeoclassicism—aContrast(Consultyourbook)

lishRenaissance(Consultyourbook)

racteristicsofEnglishCriticalRealism(Consultyourbook)

TeachesThroughPleasure(Consultyourbook)

ilde’sLiteraryTheory(Consultyourbook)

ism

CalvinismisthedoctrineofJohnCalvin,’sadoctrineof

predestination,originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonement(orthesalvationofalectedfew)througha

specialinfusionofgracefromGod.

Likenessoftheterminalsoundsofwords,frequentlyudinversificationeitherattheendofalineofverorwithin

ppearedonlyoccasionallyinclassicalGreekandLatinpoetry;itwasudmoreextensivelylaterin

asnotestablishedasatechniqueinEnglishpoetryuntilthe

hennotallstyleofpoetryhaveemployedrhyme,

functionsasanelementofrhythm,rethreetypesoftruerhymes:masculinerhymes,in

whichthefinalsyllableofthewordorlineisstresd;femininerhymes,inwhichtwoconcutivesyllables,thefirstof

whichisaccented,arealikeinsound;andtriplerhymes,n

whichthevowelandthefollowingconsonantsinastresdsyllableareidenticalinsound,evenifspelleddifferently,

,orsight,rhymethewordslookasiftheyrhyme,butdonot:“move”“love”.Slant,

oroblique,thiscategory,consonancereliesonthe

similarityofconsonantsounds：“shift”，“shaft”；assonancereliesonthesimilarityofvowelsounds:

sdifferfrommythsonthebasisoftheelementsof

aks,forexample,ofArthurianlegendbecauthereissomehistoricalevidenceof

Arthur’kingofthemythofSysyphus,incontrast,oneisawarethatnosuchpersonactuallyexisted

GeneralIntroductio

Romanticism

Theterm,Romanticism,isassociatedwithimaginationandboundlessness,ascontrastedwithclassicism,

tprofoundandcomprehensiveideaof

romanticismisthevisionofagreaterpersonalfreedomfortheindividual.

Itsoriginsmaybetracedto:

1、theeconomicriofthemiddleclass,strugglingtofreeitlffromfeudalandmonarchicalrestrictions;

2、theindividualismoftheRenaissance;

3、theReformation,whichwasbadonthebeliefinanimmediaterelationshipbetweenmanandGod;

4、thescientificdeism,whichemphasizedthedeity’sbenevolence;

5、thepsychologycontendedthatmindsareformedbyenvironmentalconditions,thusemingtobeindicate

thatallmenarecreatedequalandmaybeimprovedbyenvironmentalchanges;

6、theoptimistichumanitarianism

7、thewritingscontendedthatmanisnaturalgood,institutionsalsohavingmadehimwicked.

RomanticAttitudes：stoimagination;

onemotionratherthanreason;optimism,tivity:informandmeaning.

nge

Fromtheendofthe18thcenturythroughtheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.

TheromanticperiodstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving'sTHESKETCHBOOKandendedwith

Whitman'socalled"theAmericanrenaissance"

:Democracyandpoliticalequalitybecametheidealsofthenewnation.

BackgroundEconomicboom:

Industrialism

Immigrationoptimismandhopeamongpeople

Westwardexpansion

es

AmericanRomanticismwasbothimitativeandindependent.

ImitativeEnglishandEuropeanRomanticists

IndependentEmersonandWhitman

1、IchabodCraneisafictionalcharacterinWashingtonIrving'sshortstoryTheLegendofSleepyHollow,first

publishedin1820.

2、ThecreationofarchetypesisaparticularlysubtlefeatofIrving’eein

IchabodCraneaprecocious,effeteNewEnglander,shrewed,commercial,atheraninterloper,

asomewhatdestructiveforce,andwhocomesalongtoswindlethevillages.

3、ThustherivalryinlovebetweenIchabodandBrom,viewedinthisway,suddenlyassumesthedimensionsof

estyleofthepiece,itreprentsIrvingathisbest.

TheLegendofSleepyHollowIttellsthestoryofIchabodCrane,apriggishschoolmasterfromConnecticut,and

eighteen-year-oldKatrinaVanTasl,daughterofawealthyfarmer.

JaneAusten,Englishnovelist,notedforherwittystudiesofearly-19th-centuryEnglishsociety.

Withdetaileddescriptions,Austenportrayedthequiet,day-to-daylifeofmembersoftheuppermiddleclass.

Herworkscombineromanticcomedywithsocialsatireandpsychologicalinsight.

Sheherlfcomparedherwor

rysurfaceissmallenough,butthewomanwhomadedrawingsofhumanlifeonitis

arealartist.

1811年出版的《理智与情感》SenandSensibility是她的处女作，随后又接连发表了《傲慢与偏见》Prideand

Prejudice（1813）、《曼斯菲尔德花园》MansfieldPark（1814）和《爱玛》Emma（1815）。《诺桑觉寺》Northanger

Abbey（又名《诺桑觉修道院》）和《劝导》Persuasion

JaneAustenhasbroughttheEnglishnovel,asanartofform,toitsmaturity,andshehasbeenregardedbymanycritics

asoneofthegreatestofallnovelists.

RobertBurns罗伯特·彭斯(1759-1796)PoetryofBurns

ThepoemsofBurnsarewrittenintheScottishdialectonavarietyofsubjects.

Mainly,3kinds：1)Politicalpoems2)Satiricalpoems3)Lyrics

ARed,Red,Ro——songsofloveandfriendship

CommentsonBurns&HisPoems：asoneofthemostfamouspoetsofthepeasantsintheworld.

inedthecharacteristicofalloldScottishsongs:simplicity,vividness,humor,directnessandoptimism,

withanewspiritofromanticism.

tofthelaboringpeople,hepoursoutthentimentofthepeople.

oems,hesingsofhishometownandhispeople,loveandfriendship,nature,dignity,revolution,

sympathyforthemiriesofthepoor,theNegroslaves.

iddialectsadvancedcolloquiallanguageexpressionofhisnewpoems.

tedakindofsymphonicmeter(交响乐格律)ofallhisown,andlotsofhispoemshavebeenttomusic.

CharlesDickens（1812-1870）

CharlessDickensisamaster

story-teller.

Withhisfirstntence,heengagesthereader’soahumoristthatheis

suretoproduceroaringlaughterorunder-standingsmiles.

I．HisPersonalLife

CharlesDickens（1812-1870）her，apoorclerkintheNavyPayoffice，was

puhadtogiveup

schoolingtoworkinanundergroundcellaratashoe-blackingfactory-apositionheconsideredmost

thebitterexperiencesofthatsufferingchildreflectedinmanyofDickens'snovels.

In1827，Charlenteredalawyer'soffice，andtwoyearslaterhebecameaParliamentaryreporterfor

1833DickensbegantowriteoccasionalsketchesofLondonlife，whichwerelatercollected

andpublishedunderthetitleSketchesbyBoz（1836）.SoonThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub

（1836-1837）appearedinmonthlyinstallments.

Andsincethen，ateryears，hegavehimlftopublicreadings

ofhisworks，1870，thismanofgreatheartand

vitalitydiedofoverwork，leavinghislastnovelunfinished.

CharlesDickenschalet

Hewrotethefinalchapteroftheunfinishednovelthemysteryofedwindroodinthechaletbeforehedied

HisMajorWorks

Thefollowingisalistofhisnovelsandothercollectionsinthreeperiods：

（1）Periodofyouthfuloptimist

SketchesbyBoz《新手之笔》（1836）；ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwick

Club《皮克威克外传》（1836-1837）；OliverTwist《雾都孤儿》（1837-1838）；

NicholasNickleby《尼古拉斯．尼克尔比》（1838-1839）；TheOldCuriosityShop《老古玩店》（1840-1841）；

（2）PeriodofexcitementandirritationAmericanNotes（1842）；

MartinChuzzlewit《马丁.朱述尔维特》（1843-1845）；AChristmasCarol圣诞颂歌（1843）；

DombeyandSon《董贝父子》（1846-1848）；DavidCopperfield《大卫.科波菲尔》（1849-1850）

（3）Periodofsteadilyintensifyingpessimism

BleakHou《荒凉山庄》（1852-1853）；HardTimes《艰难时世》（1854）；

LittleDorrit《小杜丽》（1855-1857）；ATaleofTwoCities《双城记》（1859）；

GreatExpectations《远大前程》（1860-1861）；OurMutualFriend《我们共同的朋友》（1864-1865）；

turesoftheCharlesDicken’snovels

s’snovelsofferamostcompleteandrealisticpictureoftheEnglishbourgeoissocietyofhisage.

allhisnovelshavehappyendings.

sisagreathumorist.

OliverTwistThenovelisfamousforitsvividdescriptionsoftheworkhou&lifeoftheunderworldin

hor'sintimateknowledgeofpeopleofthelowestorder&ofthecityitlf

enovelalsoprentsOliverTwistasDickens'sfirstchild

hero&Faginthefirstgrotesquefigure.

LiteratureofColonialPeriod

殖民地时期的文学

EarlycolonialA

exploringthewilderness,theimmigrantsalsodevelopedanattitudebeingcalledthe"frontierspirit"

characterizedbyindividualism,lf-reliance,independenceandanoptimisticfaithinthefuture.

IndianCultureainly

oralliteratureincludingfolktales,songs,sacredstories,andnarrativeaccountsofgodsandheroes.

TheirliteraturewascollectedandpublishedinEnglishandinspiredtheimaginationoflaterwriters.