学姐英文

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基础英语真题题型及经验

准备考研是一个漫长的过程。建议按照题型进行训练,做一些题是非常有必要的。题的话可以做专八的题，但是大

家都感觉北语基础英语的题的难度小于专八。所以你专八做好了，就不愁基础英语的考试了。建议把专业八级词

汇拿下来要记牢词汇题10分可以至少对8分;阅读速度要快，平时阅读量一定要大;翻译看看翻译书和专八真题，

要把握一定的翻译技巧，先把原文译了，和人家高手的译文对比一下，也看看他写的一些常用技巧。作文是议论

文，用专八作文练就行（我用的“冲击波”），自己检查错误，有错误才有收获。像是阅读和翻译每天都要练，写作

每周都要有练习的。练得多了自然做题就有感觉了。

背专八单词(杨鹏17天搞定GRE单词)

Chinadaily热词

中高口词汇

专八真题

专八模拟题

专八专项练习

星火专八阅读

背新概念3和4单词、阅读、翻译写作

《英语专业八级写作》世界图书出版社或冲击波的

《英语专业考研:基础英语高分突破》吴中东宫玉波世界图书出版公司

《英语专业基础英语考研真题详解》金圣才中国石化出版社

以上书目都是以前的学姐提到过的，我个人用的是星火的专八阅读、作文、词汇，翻

译用的是从网上下了几篇英译中国现代散文选中的文章，其实我们平时看语言学的书

对基英也是有帮助的，都是英文嘛

基础英语题型10:60:30:30:50

1、词汇语法题10个10分；（专八词汇足够了，但要注意区分近义词）

2、改错；（单句改错或短文改错）要细心2009年之后没考过改错

3、阅读6篇25题50分；（专八难度，照着专八练，买本专八的模拟题练）

平时多看看外文杂志，训练阅读速度。好好做，认真审题，一定要抓紧时间，别忘了后面还有两篇翻译和一

篇作文，千万别在某些选项上较劲，一不小心可能作文就写不完了

总体评价：阅读比较侧重人文方面，还有少量的科技方面的东西，不算太难。平时多看看一些文章，加深理

解吧。

曾考过：1、冲击波原题一篇，关于哈利波特的2009

2、关于archaeologist在泰国一带新发现了历史遗址2009

3、殖民时期的美国的住房的特点，建筑风格2010

4、美国的人文2010

5、算是科技的吧，智力的影响因素展开讨论和例证2010

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6、俄罗斯的湿地公园，第一个私人自然保护中心的建立及其他事项2010

7、记忆力的问题，短期记忆能力测试方法2010

8、史前动物猛犸象2010

9、一篇关于电影的；一篇经济的；还有一篇海盗船只的还有3篇阅读原文附在最后2012

4、中译英段落翻译30'；（多是散文翻译，照着专八练）

曾考过：1、一段关于写作中繁简的论述，似乎是名篇，以前似乎在哪见过，但要把这给译好可真不简单啊。2007

2、偏文学2008

3、选自朱光潜先生的谈人生价值（张培基散文）2009

一个人的生活是否丰富，就是说有无价值，要看他对于心灵或精神生活的努力和成就的大小。如果只

顾衣食饱暖而对于真善美不感兴趣，他就成为一具行尸走肉了。这番道理本无深文奥意，但是说起来好像很迂阔。

灵与肉的冲突本来是一个古老而不易化除的冲突。许多人因顾到肉遂忘记灵，相习成风，心灵生活便被视为怪诞

无稽的事。尤其是近代人被物质的舒适这个观念所迷惑，大家争着去拜财神，财神也就笼罩了一切。青年人都应

及早确定自己一生的使命，自己去寻求自己的终身工作。（约217字）

4、主题是家居，大体内容是：家应该有家的味道，因为家首先是给人住的，太干净的家反倒不像家。家

具的布置是次要的，真正使家成为家的是其中居住着的男人和女人。家居布置应该有自己的特点和灵魂，就像房

子的主人一样；可惜现代住房的格局都有一个先天缺陷，那就是千篇一律。如果人们在此基础上还按照一样的风

格去布置家居，那未免太遗憾了。2010

5、利玛窦的生平介绍2011

6、汉译英30分（出自2010年政府工作报告）2012

今年是继续应对国际金融危机、保持经济平稳较快发展、加快转变经济发展方式的关键一年，是全面实现“十一五”

规划目标、为“十二五”发展打好基础的重要一年。

今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长8%左右；城镇新增就业900万人以上，城镇登记失业率

控制在4.6%以内；居民消费价格涨幅3%左右；国际收支状况改善。这里要着重说明，提出国内生产总值增长8%

左右，主要是强调好字当头，引导各方面把工作重点放到转变经济发展方式、调整经济结构上来。提出居民消费

价格涨幅3%左右，综合考虑了去年价格变动的翘尾因素、国际大宗商品价格的传导效应、国内货币信贷增长的滞

后影响以及居民的承受能力，并为资源环境税费和资源性产品价格改革留有一定空间。（约300字）

5、英译中段落翻译30'；（照着专八练）

曾考过：1、好象是布什2001的发言，关于一个名叫“nochildleftbehind”的法案2007

2、偏学术，好像是文体学的一个东西，有说到语篇、文体这些东西2008

3、人在纽约（attitudeandenergy）2009

一篇有关NewYorker和NewYorkcity中贯有的energy和attitude的文章，说在9.11后依然很好云云。

4、关于英国的乡村美学文化的，要翻的有文采并不容易2010

5、knowledgeispower,butitisbothforevilandforgood.....2011

6、原文出自TheWoods:AMeditation（第二届“芙蓉杯青年翻译奖”）2012

Whatbroughtmetothewoodswastheprospectoflivingonearthwithnothingbetweenmeandthe

earth—noneoftheelectronicgibber-jabber(考的时候北语改了个词，turbulance?).Icraveddirectnessandquiet.

Whatbroughtmetothewoodswasanimpultogetlost,awasvast

theprospectofthinkingabout

andIwere

partoftheback-to-the-landmovementoftheSixtiesandSeventies,thelittletideofpeoplewhowantedtoreturn

dtofeel

elementalsublimity,oughtmetothewoodswaspragmatism.

oughtmetothewoodswasmybeinganurbanJewwho

wasreadytoleavebehindthevestigesofassimilatedreligionandculturethathadbeenbequeathedtome.I

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wasn‟d,however,somethingdifferentfromthelargelyasphaltlandscapeIgrewupin.

Whatbroughtmetothewoodswasthelongingtobewithwordsinanundistractedplace.“Woods”and“words”

werealmostidentical.（约250词）

译文：我来到这片林地是出于一种期望，期望与大自然零距离接触，没有一丝电器的干扰——我渴望宁静与直面

自然；我来到这片林地是出于一种遁世的冲动，想让自己归隐山林、销声匿迹。美国地域广袤，但仍有不少地方

人居不多，我憧憬中的大地应该是田园亩亩而不是大楼幢幢；我来到这片林地是出于一代人的情素，我和妻子都

是六、七十年代“回归土地”运动的成员，那是一股小小的时代潮流，我们向往着从未体验过的乡村生活；我来到

这片林地是出于一种浪漫情结，想亲身感受天地之精华，体验星辰与风雨的自然真力；我来到这片林地是出于一

种实用的想法，想学会自己照料自己；我来到这片林地是出于一种追求，作为一个都市犹太人，我情愿丢掉那世

代相传、铭心镂骨的宗教文化遗训——对此我不觉愧疚——也要追求某种别样的东西，而绝不是我成长环境中沥

青水泥铺天盖地的景象；我来到这片林地是出于一种渴望，渴望于树林中寻一清净之地潜心读书，“树”“书”相偕

相成，乃天作之合。

6、作文30',300~350~400字；（照着专八练，一周练一篇）

曾考过：1、题目是关于“对中国游客在境外不文明行为这一现象发表自己的观点”。2007

2、评论关于成功学类书；有一种观点是，别人成功了，但还是别人的经验而已，不适合自己；另一种观

点是，我们从别人的经验中学到东西，自己才能成功。2008

3、meritsandequality（像是专八的题目）2009

merit&equalityisadebatediscusdforlongtime,ifmeritisrewarded,competitionappears,peopleget

whattheywantbycompetingothers,ifrewardisgivenoutequally,peoplemaybecomemorecivilizedandpolitetoeach

other,butpeoplemaynotworkharderanymoresinceitcannotbringthemanywhere.就这个话题写作文，字数在300－

350

4、如果说英国人贡献了工业革命，意大利人对世界的贡献是文艺复兴，德国人是哲学，美国人是人权，

那么中国对世界文明的贡献是什么？2010

5、shouldtherichpeoplesharetheirwealthornot2011

6、背景：很多路人因为害怕被伤者诬陷为肇事者甚至扯上官司而不对车祸伤者伸出援手。ToHelpornot,

isthataquestion?2012

2012年北语基础英语真题之阅读理解

Passage1（1989年考研真题）

Ascientistoncesaid:“Ihaveconcludedthattheearthisbeingvisitedbyintelligentlycontrolledvehicles

fromouterspace.”

IfwetakethisasareasonableexplanationforUFOs(unidentifiedflyingobjects),questionsimmediatelycome

up.

“Whydon‟ttheygetintouchwithus,then?Whydon‟ttheylandrightontheWhiteHoulawnanddeclare

themlves?”peopleasked.

Inreply,scientistssaythat,whilethismaybewhatwewant,itmaynotnecessarilybewhattheywant.

“Themostlikelyexplanation,itemstome,”,“isthattheyaresimplywatchingwhatweare

upto--thatresponsiblesocietyoutsideoursolarsystemiskeepinganeyeonustoethatwedon‟ttin

motionachainreactionthatmighthaveunexpectedeffectsforoutsideoursolarsystem.”

Opinionsfromotherscientistsmightgolikethis:“Whyshouldtheywanttogetintouchwithus?Wemay

feelwe‟remoreimportantthanwereallyare!Theymaywanttoobrveusonlyandnotinterferewiththe

ynotcareifweethembuttheyalsomaynotcaretosay„hello‟.”

Somescwetaside

wildernessareasandwildliferervestoallowanimalsandgrowingthingstodevelopnaturallywhileweobrve

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them,soperhapsEarthwastasideagesagoforthesamepurpo.

Arewebeingobrvedbyintelligentbeingsfromothercivilizationsintheuniver?Aretheywatchingour

progressinspacetravel?Doweliveinagigantic“zoo”obrvedbyour“keepers,”buthavingnocommunication

withthem?

plefactisthatwe,whohave

alwaysregardedourlvesassupremeintheuniver,avetorecognizethat,among

thestarsintheheavens,theremayverywellbeworldsinhabitedbybeingswhoaretousaswearetoants.

,theattitudeofbeingsfromouterspacetowardusisoneof________.

[A]unfriendliness

[B]suspicion

[C]superiority

[D]hostility

eofthewriteristhatof________.

[A]doubt

[B]warning

[C]indifference

[D]criticism

Passage2（70天攻克考研英语阅读DAY55）

Therecanbefewmoredepressingstoriesintheentirehistoryofman’xploitationofnaturethanthe

leshavenotonlysuffereduntoldcrueltybutnowfacetotal

yentirepopulationshavebeenwipedout,andtheonlyreasonwhynospecieshasyetbeen

finishedoffisduetothevastnessandinaccessibilityoftheoceans;apocketortwosomewherehasalways

nicifbiologicalextinctionweretocompletethejob.

Thebasicruleofextinctionisverysimple:itoccurswhenaspeciesmoralityiscontinuallygreaterthanits

rethough,someveryspecialadditionalfactorsinthecaofwhales.

Mandoesnotactuallyhavetokillthelastwhalesofaspecieswithhisownhands,asitwere,tocauits

icalextinctionwillquicklyfollowtheendofcommercialwhaling,shouldthatendbedueto

ashortageofrawmaterial,shavelongsoughttodefendtheirwretchedtradebyinsisting

thatwhalesareautomaticallyprotected:assoonastheybecomerare,andthereforeuneconomictopursue，

averynicetheory,butitisthetheoryofanaccountant

andnotofabiologist;onlyanac

aofwhaling,itcanbesummedupinthefollowingway.

Whenthestockhasbeenreducedbelowacriticallevel,anatural,possiblyunstoppabledownwardspiralbegins

,theanimalsluckyenoughtosurvivetheslaughterwillbetooscatteredto

ly，whalesbeingsociableanimalsprobablyneed

thestimulusofsizeablegatheringstoinducereproductivebehavior(whichhassocialinferencesaswellas

xual).Itisquitelikelythattwoindividualsmeetingthroughchancewillnotbecompatible.(Theycanhardlybe

expectedtobeawareoftheirownrarityortorealizeanyneedforadjustingtheirnaturalinclinations.)Thisis

y,andperhapsmostimportantinthelong

term,evenallowingthatthewhalesmightstillbeabletobandtogetherinsociallyacceptablegroups(thanksto

theirundeniableexcellentcommunicativesystems),thereisarealdanger,possiblyevenaprobability,thatthe

wtosay,thecharacteristics

possdbytheoriginalpopulationwouldbewhittleddowntothocharacterspossdbyonlythefew

ultofsuchabiologicalcalamityisinbreeding,lessabilitytoadapttonew

conditions,ordscansumitup:ure

“hopes”oftheanimalsarefurtherdiscusdinthefinalchapter.

esaspeciesbecomeextinct？

ereismorehunting.

tmentionedinthearticle.

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reanimalsgoondyingthantheyareborn.

manbeingscontinuetokillthem.

sarguethatwhaleswillnotbecomeextinct

etheyarenotlf-protected.

etheyarenotworthpursuing.

etheoceansaresovast.

ehuntingwillstopwhenwhalesbecomerare.

terbelievesthatthewhalers’argumentis

ce.

absurd.

onable.

icallyacceptable.

eciesofwhaleswillnotbreedunless

einthesamegroupforalongterm.

eisolatedfromotherspecies.

einthecompanyofmanyotherwhales.

reenoughgenesavailable.

terconsidersthatprotractedbiologicalextinction

likelytohappen.

ablydangerous.

rtanttohappen.

ainreasonfortheextinction.

Passage3(GMAT阅读练习)

Inthetwodecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStates

lefttheSouth,wherethepreponderanceoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocated,andmigratedtonorthern

states,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,eenfrequentlyassumed,

butnotproved,thatthemajorityofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefrom

ruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapofthecottonindustryfollowingtheboll

weevil(bollweevil:n.棉籽象鼻虫)infestation,whichbeganin1898,andincreaddemandintheNorthfor

laborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcaudbytheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914.

Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrants‟subquentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthis

tiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.

Butthequesghnumerous

investigationsdocumentanexodusfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration,no

on1910over600,000Black

workers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforce,reportedthemlvestobeengagedin“manufacturingand

mechanicalpursuits,”thefeat

Migratrhapssurprisingto

arguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbeenticedtomove,butanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthen

prevalentintheSouth.

Aboutthirty-fiveperc

werefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery—blacksmiths,masons,carpenters—whichhadhadamonopolyof

certaintrades,buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetition,mechanization,

remainingsixty-fivepercent,morerecentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustries—tobacco,lumber,

coalandironmanufacture,ntheSouth,however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware,

throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorth

hebollweevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetition

fromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewages

,amovenorthwouldbeenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalready

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urbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubquenteconomicproblemsinthe

Northtotheirruralbackgroundcomesintoquestion.

horindicatexplicitlythatwhichofthefollowingrecordshasbeenasourceofinformationinher

investigation?

(A)UnitedStatesImmigrationServicereportsfrom1914to1930

(B)Payrollsofsouthernmanufacturingfirmsbetween1910and1930

(C)Thevolumeofcottonexportsbetween1898and1910

(D)Thefederalcensusof1910

assage,theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowingasapossibleobjectiontoherargument?

(A)ItisuncertainhowmanypeopleactuallymigratedduringtheGreatMigration.

(B)TheeventualeconomicstatusoftheGreatMigrationmigrantshasnotbeenadequatelytraced.

(C)Itisnotlikelythatpeoplewithsteadyjobswouldhavereasontomovetoanotherareaofthecountry.

(D)Itisnottruethattheterm“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”actuallyencompasstheentire

industrialctor.

marypurpoofthepassageisto

(A)supportanalternativetoanacceptedmethodology

(B)prentevidencethatresolvesacontradiction

(C)introducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformation

(D)challengeawidelyacceptedexplanation

ingtoinformationinthepassage,whichofthefollowingisacorrectquenceofgroupsofworkers,

fromhighestpaidtolowestpaid,intheperiodbetween1910and1930?

(A)ArtisansintheNorth;artisansintheSouth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;unskilledworkersintheSouth

(B)ArtisansintheNorthandSouth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;unskilledworkersintheSouth

(C)ArtisansintheNorth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;artisansintheSouth

(D)ArtisansintheNorthandSouth;unskilledurbanworkersintheNorth;unskilledruralworkersintheSouth

erialinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics?

(A)ThereasonsforthesubquenteconomicdifficultiesofthowhoparticipatedintheGreatMigration

(B)TheeffectofmigrationontheregionaleconomiesoftheUnitedStatesfollowingtheFirstWorldWar

(C)ThetransitionfromaruraltoanurbanexistenceforthowhomigratedintheGreatMigration

(D)ThetransformationoftheagriculturalSouthfollowingthebollweevilinfestation

2013基础英语真题回忆

一、单选

考了语法的搭配和单词个人觉得很难没几个拿得准的

二、阅读

今年是5篇阅读理解感觉文章不难选对还真是不容易

1、eudsharpboneor

horn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplasticandthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrument

terms,1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpractical

utothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.

Thetoolisthelaranditisbeingudbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,forayearlarge

d“lar”means:lightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation.

Asweallknow,lightishot,anysourceoflight-------fromthesunitlfdowntoahumblematchburning------

htinalarbeam,however,is

ansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulb

becomesintenlystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.

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Experimentswiththepinpointbeamsshowedrearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeams

wpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackof

humaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeye,

knives,nostitches,ionswhichonceleftpatients

exhaustedandinneedofl

moredifficultoperationscannowbetired.

Therapiddevelopmentoflartechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelyto

ssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlarinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbut

ther,tomorrowmayemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthedias

whichcanbetreatedmedically.

fthefollowingwouldbeappropriatetodescribetheinstrumentsofsurgicaloperationsupuntil

1960s?A

ional.

cated

able.

tionary

wefindafterthedevelopmentofthelarinthe1960s?D

rialrevolutionbroughtsurgerychangedgreatly.

lhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers.

dyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution.

eing‟smethodsinsurgerychangedgreatly.

sonwhythelarbeamisverystrongisthat_____B_______.

tificiallyilluminated

deupofaconcentratedbeamoflight

southeatinalldirections.

tisincreadbytheheatofthesun

heuofthelarbeam,surgeonscanperformoperationwhich_____C_____.

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heirpatientswithnegativeeffects

atonlyhumaneyedias

ledamagetotheirpatients

eirpatientsneedalongtimetorecover

iddevelopmentoflartechniqueshasmeantthat____A______.

yislikelytoimproveconsiderably

hertenyearsweshallbeabletocurecancer

reallthediascancertainlybecured

ionswillbeperformedmorecomplicatedlyinthefuture

2、Noverysatisfactoryaccountofthemechanismthatcaudtheformationoftheoceanbasinshasyet

ditionalviewsupposthattheuppermantleoftheearthbehavesasaliquidwhenitis

subjectedtosmallforcesforlongperiodsandthatdifferencesintemperatureunderoceansandcontinentsare

sufficienttoproduceconvectioninthemantleoftheearthwithrisingconvectioncurrentsunderthemid-ocean

tically,thisconvectionwouldcarrythecontinentalplates

alongasthoughtheywereonaconveyorbelt(conveyorbelt:n.传送带)andwouldprovidetheforcesneededto

ewmaybecorrect:ithastheadvantagethatthecurrentsare

drivenbytempera

back-coupling,inwhichthepositionofthemovingplatehasanimpactontheforcesthatmoveit,couldproduce

complicatedandvaryingmotions.

Ontheotherhand,thetheoryisimplausiblebecauconvectiondoesnotnormallyoccuralonglines,andit

certainlydoesnotoccuralonglinesbrokenbyfrequentoffts(anabruptbendinanobjectbywhichonepartis

turnedasideoutofline)orchangesindirection,isdifficulttoehowthetheoryappliesto

ateisgrowingonbothsides,

andsincethereisnointermediatetrench,dbeoddiftherising

rnativetheoryisthatthesinkingpartoftheplate,which

isdenrthanthehottersurroundingmantle,tisdifficulttoehowthis

appliestotheridgeintheSouthAtlantic,whereneithertheAfricannortheAmericanplatehasasinkingpart.

Anotherpossibilityisthatthesinkingplatecoolstheneighboringmantleandproducesconvectioncurrents

sttheoryisattractivebecauitgivessomehopeofexplainingtheenclodas,

eashaveatypicaloceanicfloor,exceptthatthefloorisoverlaidbyveral

spossiblethatasinking

currentofcooledmantle

enclodasareanimportantfeatureoftheearth‟ssurface,andriouslyrequireexplanationbecau,in

additiontotheenclodasthataredevelopingatprentbehindislandarcs,thereareanumberofolderones

ofpossiblysimilarorigin,suchastheGulfofMexico,theBlackSea,andperhapstheNorthSea.

9

3、Themajorityofsuccessfulniormanagerdonotclolyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirst

clarifyinggoals,asssingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,

,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,the

niorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed"intuition"tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthat

requirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurpri;andtointegrateactionintotheprocess

ofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrely

ral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.

Someeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuforcapriciousness.

Inberg‟srecentrearchonthecognitiveprocessofniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers‟intuitionisneitherof

,,theyintuitivelynwhenaproblem

,manatuitionisnotarbitrary

orirrational,butistuitionisnotarbitrary

orirrational,butisbadfunctionof

intuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha!”,

somniorexecutivesarefamiliarwith

theformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthowhousuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsare

occasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythemethodswhichruncountertotheirnofthecorrectcourofaction.

Finally,managerscanuintuitionto

thisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking”

managersoften“know”whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.

Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheir

companiesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingin

cloconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,niormanagersofteninstigateacourof

enutheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecomplete

licationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,

notjustofimplementingthesolution.

ingtothetext,niormanagersuintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTtoD

[A]speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem.

[B]identifyaproblem.

[C]bringtogetherdisparatefacts.

[D]stipulatecleargoals.

tsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthe“writersonmanagement”mentionedinline1,paragraph2?D

[A]Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

[B]Theyhavenotbadtheiranalysonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

10

[C]Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

[D]Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.

einferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferencein

behaviorbetweenManagerX,whousintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousonlyformaldecision

analysis?C

[A]ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

[B]ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

[C]ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.

[D]ManagerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem;ManagerXdoesnot.

tprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?D

[A]Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthowhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.

[B]Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions.

[C]Managers‟intuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.

[D]Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

fthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?B

[A]Anasrtionismadeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

[B]Aconventionalmodelisdismisdandanalternativeintroduced.

[C]Theresultsofrecentrearchareintroducedandsummarized.

[D]Twoopposingpointsofviewareprentedandevaluated.

4、TheUneingEye（瞎眼——最熟悉的陌生人）

Theoldmanstoodataloss，ghishand，he

'tuthetraditionalkerchiefandheadbandthough

hecouldfeelthesweatrunningdownhistemplesandneckandhegavenoreplytothemanatedbehindthetablewho

wentonaskinghim，'Whydidyougoinopeningallthedoorsofthewardslookingforyourwife？Whydidn'tyou

comedirectlytoEnquiries？'，though，wasthemanatedbehindthetablecontinuingto

openonedrawerafteranother？Hiyesbusywatchinghim，hesaid，'Icameherethedaybeforeyesterdaywanting

thehospitalandlookingforthemotherofmychildren.

Themanatedbehindthetablemutteredirritably，blaminghimlffornothavingeverlearnthowtoaskthe

rightquestions，howtogetaconversationgoingandwhyitwasthathisquestions，fullofexplanations，andsometimes

ofannoyance，weren'edathiscigaretteasheenquiredinexasperation.'What'syourwife'sname？'

Theoldmanatoncereplied，'ZeinabMohamed.'Themanatedbehindthetablebeganflippingthroughthepagesofthe

thickledger；eachtimeheturnedoverapagetherewasaloudnoithatwasheardbyeveryonesittinginthewaiting

onflippingthroughthepagesofhisledger，pursinghislipslistlessly，thennervously，ashekept

bringingtheledgerclotohisfaceuntilfinallyhesaid，'Yourwifecameinherethedaybeforeyesterday？'Theold

maninreliefatonceanswered，'Yes，sir，whenherheartcametoastop.'Onceagainirritated，themanbehindthe

tablemumbledtohimlf，'Hadherheartstoppedshewouldn'tbehere，neitherwouldyou.'Withhiyesstillonthe

ledger，hesaid，'She'sinWard4，butit'snotpermittedforyoutoenterherwardbecauthereareotherwomenthere.'

Yawning，eforward，inherhandapapercupfromwhichshe

ingwithhisheadtotheman，hesaid，'WardNumber4ZeinabMohamed.'Thenurwalked

ahead，manaskedhimlfhowitwasthatthiswomanworkedina

hospitalthatwascrammedwithmen，arrivedattheward，thenurlefthim

11

outsideaftertellinghimtowait；then，afterawhile，shecameoutandsaidtohim，'Therearetwowomancalled

hem，though，neisyourwifesothatIcancallher？'

？HowamItoknow？HetriedtorecallwhathiswifeZeinab

lookedlike，withherlonggownandblackheaddress，theveil，andsometimestheblackcoveringenvelopingherface

dpictureherasshewalkedandsat，chewingamorlandthen

toknow？Hecould

pictureherstretchedoutonthebed，manwasintoconfusionandfoundhimlfsaying，'When

Icallhershe'llknowmyvoice.'Thenurdoubtedwhetherhewasinfactvisitinghiswife；however，givinghim

anotherglance，shelaughedathersuspicionsandaskedhim，'Howlonghavethetwoofyoubeenmarried？'Againhe

wasconfudashesaid，"Allahknowsbest-thirty，fortyyears…'

三、翻译

1、英翻中

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclass──fiction,biography,poetry──weshouldparatethem

peopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangive

usMostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,of

poetrythatitshallbefal,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourown

uldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.

Donotdictatetoyourauthor;angback,and

rerveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourlffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyou

ouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thesignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,from

thetwistandturnofthefirstntences,willbringyouintotheprenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother,

Steepyourlfinthis,acquaintyourlfwiththis,andsoonyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmore

rtytwochaptersofanovel──ifweconsiderhowtoreadanovelfirst──areanattempttomake

somethingasformedandcontrolledasabuilding:butwordsaremoreimpalpablethanbricks;readingisalonger

sthequickestwaytounderstandtheelementsofwhata

novelistisdoingisnottoread,buttowrite;tomakeyourownexperimentwiththedangersanddifficultiesof

words.

翻译：说起来道理很简单，书分为小说、传记、和诗歌等类别，我们应将它们区别对待，从中吸取精华。但是却

极少有人要求书能给予我们什么东西。非常普遍的情况是我们看书时，脑子里一片混沌，充满了矛盾的想法，要

求小说要真实可信，诗歌要虚假不实，传记要吹嘘颂扬，历史要支持我们自己的偏见。如果阅读时能抛开这些成

见，那将会是个极好的开端。不要指挥你的作者，而要努力与他融为一体，同他一起写作、商讨。假如一开始你

就犹豫、保留和挑剔，你就不可能从书中吸取全部的精华。但是如果你尽可能地虚心学习，那些寓于迂回曲折句

子中令人难以觉察的美妙之处就会把你带到一个与众不同的人的面前。沉浸其中，慢慢咀嚼品味，不久你就会发

现你的作者正在给你或者试图想给你的是些非常确定的知识。一本三十二章的小说——如果我们首先考虑的是如

何读小说的话——就是一种像盖楼房一样的尝试，但是文字却比砖头难琢磨，阅读要比观看花费的时间长，而且

要复杂。或许了解一个小说家工作的捷径不是阅读，而是写作，是尝试用词的危险和困难。

2中翻英

“有一回我画一个人牵两只羊，画了两根绳子。有一位先生教我：„绳子只要画一根。牵了一只羊，后面的都会跟

来。‟我恍然自己阅历太少。后来留心观察，看见果然如此：就算走向屠场，也没有一只羊肯离群而另觅生路的。

后来看见鸭也如此。赶鸭的人把数百只鸭放在河里，不需用绳子系住，群鸭自能互相追随，聚在一块。上岸的时

候，赶鸭的人只要赶上一二只，其余的都会跟上了岸。即使在四通八达的港口，也没有一只鸭肯离群而走自己的

路的。”

丰子恺先生在这里说的是动物们的盲目，然而，无数事实证明，盲目并不是低等动物们的专利，作为高等动物

的人何尝不是如此呢？

12

说实话，羊和鸭子只不过是没有思维的低等动物，故它们的盲目并不可悲。而人是有思维的高等动物，“万物

之灵”也盲目，实在是可悲至极！当然，也有清醒的智者，他们绝不盲目追随。可遗憾的是，清醒的智者又常常陷

入孤立，成为众矢之的，这又是一种悲哀。

四作文

Climateandsustainabledevelopment