在线英语阅读助手

高中英语阅读理解精题荟萃(附答案、解析、翻译)

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阅读理解

Passage1

TherearestoriesabouttwoU．ents，AndrewJacksonandMartinVanBuren，which

attempttoexplaintheAmericanEnglishtermOK．Wedon’tknowifeitherstoryistrue，but

theyarebothinteresting．

ThefirstexplanationisbadonthefactthatPresidentJacksonhadverylittleeducation．In

fact，hehaddifficultyreadingandwriting．WhenimportantpaperscametoJackson，hetried

toreadthemandthenhadhisassistantxplainwhattheysaid．Ifheapprovedofapaper．he

wouldwrite“allcorrect”onit．Theproblemwasthathedidn’tknowhowtospell．Sowhathe

reallywrotewas“olkorekt”．Afterawhile，heshortenedthattermto“OK”．

ThecondexplanationisbadontheplacewherePresidentVanBurenwasborn，

Kinderhook，NewYork．VanBnren’sfriendsorganizedaclubtohelphimbecomePresident

TheycanedtheclubtheOldKinderhookClub，andanyonewhosupportedVanBurenwas

called“OK”．

Passage1

这里要讲述AndrewJackson和MartinVanBuren这2届美国总统的小故事。这2个小故

事也许可以解释美语中OK一词的来历。故事的真实性我们不得而知，不过内容却很有

意思。

第一个解释来源于总统AndrewJackson的故事。AndrewJackson几乎没有受到过什么教

育，事实上，他对于日常的读写都有困难。当收到重要文件的时候，在尝试阅读之后，

还是让他的助手帮忙解释文件的内容。如果批准一份文件，AndrewJackson就在上面写

“allcorrect”。麻烦的是，他不知道怎么这2个单词怎么拼写，因此，实际上他在文件上

写的是“olkorekt”。过了不久，他又把这2个单词缩写为“OK”。

第二个解释来源于总统MartinVanBuren的家乡的名字——纽约的Kinderhook。为了帮

助VanBuren成为总统，他的朋友为此组织了一个社团。他们把这个社团叫做Old

KinderhookClub，社团中支持VanBuren的人都被称为“OK”

31．TheauthorC

esbothofthestoriesB．doesn’tbelieveawordofthestories

C．ingthestoriesjustforfun

ingtothepassage，PresidentJacksonD_

A．couldn’’tliketoreadimportantpapersby

himlf

C．’tgoodatreading，writing

orspelling

33．Accordingtothefirststory,theterm“OK”C

rovedofbyPresidentJacksonB．wasthetitleofsomeOfficialdocuments

C．wasfirstudbyPresidentJacksonD．wasanoldwaytospell“allcorrect’’

ingtothecondstory，theterm‘‘OK”D

高中英语阅读理解精题荟萃(附答案、解析、翻译)

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A．wastheshortwaytosay‘‘oldKinderhookClub”B．meanttheplacewherePresident

VanBurenwasborn

C．wasthenameofVanBuren’sclubD．wasudtocallVanBuren’ssupporters

intheelection

35．Accordingtothecondstory．theterm“OK”wasfirstud_B_

A．byVanBurenB．inapresidentialelection

C．toorganizetheOldKinderhookClubD．bythemembersofthe‘‘OldKinderhook

Club”

Passage2

AlthoughtheUnitedStatescoverssomuchlandandthelandproducesfarmorefood

thantheprentpopulationneeds，itspeoplearebynowalmostentirelyanurbansocietyLess

thanatenthofthepeopleareengagedinagricultureandforestry(林业)，andmostoftherest

liveinoraroundtowns，smallandlarge．Herethetraditionalpictureischanging：everysmall

townmaystillbeverylikeothersmalltowns，andthetypicalsmalltownmayreprenta

widelyacceptedviewofthecountry，butmostAmericansdonotliveinsmalltownsany

more．Halfthepopulationnowlivesinsomethirtymetropolitanareas(1argecitieswiththeir

suburbs、ofmorethanamillionpeopleeach—alargerproportionthaninGermanyor

England，letaloneFrance．Thestatistics(统计)ofurbanandruralpopulationshouldbetreated

withcautionbecausomanypeoplewholiveinareasclassifiedasruraltravelbycartowork

inanearbytowneachday．Astherushtoliveoutoftowncontinues．ruralareaswithinreach

oftownsaregraduallyfilledwithhous，sothatitishardtosayatwhatmomentapieceof

countrybecomesasuburbButmoreandmorethetypicalAmericanlivesinametropolitan

ratherthanasmalltownenvironment．

Passage2

尽管美国幅员辽阔，而且土地所产出的粮食远远超过现有人口的需求，现今的美国却几

乎完全是个都市化的国家。不足十分之一的人口在从事农业和林业，而剩余的大多数人

都居住在大大小小的城镇中或者城镇的周围。传统的景象在这里不断发生着变化：小的

城镇之间仍然彼此十分相似，典型的小城镇还是呈现出大家心目中的乡村的风貌；但是

大部分的美国人却不再住在小城镇了。现在半数的人口都在大约30几个大都市地区（包

括附近郊区的大型城市）——这种大都市地区的人口都在百万以上，总的都市人口数量

远远超过德国和英国，更不用说法国了。城市和乡村的人口统计需要特别对待，因为我

们所谓的住在乡村的人们，每天都会开车前往附近的城镇工作。当远离城镇居住的热潮

持续的情况下，城镇周围的乡村地区逐渐盖满了房屋。那么说不定什么时候，一块乡村

的地区就变成了城市的郊区。不过，典型的美国人还是越来越趋向于居住在大都市而不

是小城镇的环境中。

36．IfnowAmericahas250millionpeople．howmanyofthemareengagedinagricultureand

forestry?(C)

A．About25million．B．Morethan25million．

C．Lessthan25million．an225million

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37．Whichofthefollowingfourcountrieshasthesmallestproportionofpeoplelivingin

metropolitanareas?(C)

A．UnitedStates．B．Germany．C．France．D．England．

38．What’sthemeaningoftheword“metropolitan”inthemiddleofthepassage?(A)

gecitywithitssuburbs．B．Ofsmallandlargetowns．

C．Ofurbanareas．D．Ofruralareas．

39．Accordingtothepassage，whatcanwelearnaboutsmalltownsintheUnitedStates?(B)

AMostsmalltownsbecomegraduallycrowdedB．Smalltownsarestillsimilarto

eachother．

C．Asthetraditionalpictureischanging，townsaredifferent．ownsare

turningintolargecities

40．Whyisithardtosaywhenapieceofcountrybecomesasuburb?(C)

A．Becautheyarethesame．B．Becautherushtakesplacetooquickly

C．Becautheprocessisgradual．D．BecaumoreandmoreAmericanslivein

metropolitanareas．

Passage3

Ifwewereaskedexactlywhatweweredoingayearago，weshouldprobablyhavetosay

thatwecouldnotrememberButifwehadkeptabookandhadwritteninitanaccountof

whatwedideachday，weshouldbeabletogiveananswertothequestion.

ItisthesameinhistoryManythingshavebeenforgottenbecauwedonothaveany

writtenaccountofthemSometimesmendidkeeparecordofthemostimportanthappenings

intheircountry，butoftenitwasdestroyedbyfireorinawar．Sometimestherewasneverany

writtenrecordatallbecauthepeopleofthattimeandplacedidnotknowhowtoWrite．For

example，weknowagooddealaboutthepeoplewholivedinChina4，000yearsago,becau

theycouldwriteandleavewrittenrecordsforthowholivedafterthem．Butweknow

almostnothingaboutthepeoplewholivedeven200yearsagoincentralAfrica．becau

theyhadnotlearnedtowrite．

Sometimes．ofcour，evenifthepeoplecannotwrite，theymayknowsomethingofthe

past．Theyhaveheardaboutitfromolderpeople，andoftensongsanddancesandstorieshave

beenmadeaboutthemostimportanthappenings，andthehavebeensungandactedand

toldformanygenerationsFormostpeopleareproudtotellwhattheirfathersdidinthe

past．Thiswemaycall’rememberedhistory’．t

soexactorsovaluabletousaswrittenhistoryis，becauwordsaremuchmoreeasily

changedwhenudagainandagaininspeechthanwhencopiedinwriting．Butwherethere

arenowrittenrecords，suchspokenstoriesareoftenveryhelpful．

Passage3

当我们被问起准确的说书一年之前的这个时候我们正在做什么，我们可能不得不承认记

不得了。但是，如果我们有个册子，上面记录了每天我们做过什么的话，这个问题就不

难给出答案了。

对于历史的记录也是如此。许多事情由于没有任何书面的记录而被人遗忘。有时也有人

高中英语阅读理解精题荟萃(附答案、解析、翻译)

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会对于他们国家发生的重要事件进行记录，但是这些记录往往毁于火灾或者战乱。有时

也因为那个地方或那个时代的人不会写字，而根本不会有书面记录的存在。譬如说，因

为中国4千年前的古人会写字而且给后人留下了很多文献，所以我们对那个时代的中国

人十分了解；但是对于甚至2百年前的中非人，由于他们不会写字，而使我们对其几乎

一无所知。

当然了，有的时候就算人们不会写字，对于过去的历史也会多少有些了解。也许是从老

一辈的那里听说的，或者从一些由重大事件编出的歌曲和舞蹈中了解的——这些传说和

歌舞是从很多辈人流传下来的。很多人都喜欢夸耀他们的父辈在过去的丰功伟绩，我们

把这个叫做“rememberedhistory”（记忆中的历史）。现在一些记忆中的历史已经变成了

文字而保留了下来。由于反复经过口头传送的历史远比书面记录的历史变化大，这种历

史不如书面历史那么精确和有价值。但是，在没有书面历史存在的时候，这种口头流传

的故事就很有帮助了。

fthefollowingideasisnotsuggestedinthepassage?(D)

A．“Rememberedhistory”，comparedwithwrittenhistory，islessreliable

B．Writtenrecordsofthepastplaythemostimportantroleinourlearningofthe

humanhistory．

C．AwrittenaccountofourdailyactivitieshelpsUStobeabletoanswermany

questions．

D．Wheretherearenowrittenrecords．thereisnohistory．

42．WeknowverylittleaboutthecentralAfrica200yearsagobecau_D__

A．therewasnothingworthbeingwrittendownatthattime

plethereignoredtheimportanceofkeepingarecord

C．thewrittenrecordswereperhapsdestroyedbyafire

D．thepeopletheredidnotknowhowtowrite

43．“Rememberedhistory”refersto_D__．

A．historybadonaperson’simagination

sofimportanthappeningspasddownfrommouthtomouth

nddancesaboutthemostimportantevents

ndC

44．“Rememberedhistory”isregardedasvaluableonlywhen__B___.

tenaccountisavailable

C．itprovestobetimeD．peopleareinterestedinit

sagesuggeststhatwecouldhavelearnedmuchmoreaboutourpastthanwe

donowiftheancientpeoplehad_A____

A．nttheirwrittenrecordsinwars

C．toldexactstoriesofthemostimportanthappeningsD．mademoresongsand

dances

Passage1

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WhenMrs．JophGroegerdiedrecentlyinVienna，Austria，peopleaskedtheobvious，

“Whydidshelivetobe107?”Answerswereprovidedbyasurveyconductedamong148

Viennemenandwomenwhohadreachedtheageof100．Somewhatsurprisingwasthefact

thatthemajorityhadlivedmostoftheirlivesincities．Inspiteofthecity’simageasan

unhealthyplace，citylivingoftenprovidesbenefitsthatcountrylivingcanlack．Onefactor

emstobeimportanttothelongevity(长寿)ofthointerviewed．

Thisfactorixerci．inthecitiesitisoftenfastertowalkshortdistancesthantowait

forabus．Eventakingpublictransportationoftenrequiressomewalking．Smallerapartment

houshavenoelevators(电梯)，andsopeoplemustclimbstairs．Citypeoplecanusually

walktolocalsupermarketsSinceparkingspacesarehardtofind，thereisoftenno

alternativetowalking．

Ontheotherhand，thowholiveinthecountryandsuburbsdonothavetowalkevery

day．Infact，theoppositeisoftentrue．Togotoschool，work，oralmostanywhereel，

theymustrideincars．

Passage1

在奥地利的维也纳，最近当一位名为JophGroeger的老妇人过世的时候，人们忍不住

要问：“为什么她可以活到107岁呢？”当对148个100岁以上的维也纳人进行调查之后，

我们得出了答案。有点让人惊讶的是，这些人中的多数人都大部分的人生都是在都市生

活的。尽管城市给我们的印象一直都是不利于健康的，但是城市生活往往提供一些乡村

缺乏的便利。其中有一个就是这些被调查者长寿的重要因素。

这个因素就是锻炼。在城市，对于比较短的路程，往往走路比你等着坐公车去更快捷。

就算去搭乘一些公共交通工具也经常要走一段路程。较小的公寓一般没有电梯，人们就

不得不爬楼。城市人还经常步行去附近的超市买东西。在停车位如此难找的情况下，往

往没有别的选择只有步行。

另一方面，那些住在乡村和郊区的人反而无需每天走路。事实上，他们每天都乘坐交通

工具，去上学，去上班，或者去其他任何地方，都必须开车前往。

Passage1

在奥地利的维也纳，最近当一位名为JophGroeger的老妇人过世的时候，人们忍不住

要问：“为什么她可以活到107岁呢？”当对148个100岁以上的维也纳人进行调查之后，

我们得出了答案。有点让人惊讶的是，这些人中的多数人都大部分的人生都是在都市生

活的。尽管城市给我们的印象一直都是不利于健康的，但是城市生活往往提供一些乡村

缺乏的便利。其中有一个就是这些被调查者长寿的重要因素。

这个因素就是锻炼。在城市，对于比较短的路程，往往走路比你等着坐公车去更快捷。

就算去搭乘一些公共交通工具也经常要走一段路程。较小的公寓一般没有电梯，人们就

不得不爬楼。城市人还经常步行去附近的超市买东西。在停车位如此难找的情况下，往

往没有别的选择只有步行。

另一方面，那些住在乡村和郊区的人反而无需每天走路。事实上，他们每天都乘坐交通

工具，去上学，去上班，或者去其他任何地方，都必须开车前往。

31．TheViennasurveymayhelptoexplain___C__

高中英语阅读理解精题荟萃(附答案、解析、翻译)

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A．thecomplaintsofpeopleinapartmenthousB．thecauofMrsGroeger’sdeath

C．thelongevityofpeoplelikeMrs．geofcitiesingeneral

32．Thepurpoofthecondparagraphistolistsome__B___

A．benefitsofwalkingB．occasionsforwalkingincitylife

tsmadebycitypeopleD．problemsofcityliving

33．Toreachthethirdfloorofabuilding．itwouldprobablybemosthealthful_B_

theelevatorB．towalkupthestairsC．torideinacarD．tofind

analternativetowalking

34．Peoplewholiveinthecountryprobablydomoredrivingthanwalkingbecau_A_

A．theydon’n’tneedtheexerci

C．theyneverhaveparkingproblemsD．theycan’taffordtotakethebus

35．Aconclusionthatcanbedrawnfromthispassageisthat_D___

A．airpollutionisnotriousB．anyonecanlivetobe107

C．countrypeopleshouldmovetothecityD．walkingisahealthfulexerci

Passage2

ForanyEnglishman，therecanneverbeanydiscussionastowhoistheworld’sgreatest

dramatist(剧作家)．Onlyonenamecanpossiblysuggestitlftohim：thatofWilliam

ShakespeareEveryEnglishmanhassomeknowledge，howeverslight，oftheworkofour

greatestwriter．AllofUSuwords，phrasandquotationsfromShakespeare’swritingsthat

havebecomepartofthecommonpropertyoftheEnglish-speakingpeople．Mostofthetime

weareprobablyunawareofthesourceofthewordsweud，ratherliketheoldladywhowas

takentoeaperformanceofHamletandcomplainedthatitwasfullofwell—known

proverbsandquotations．

Shakespeare，moreperhapsthananyotherwriter，makesfulluofthegreatresourcesof

theEnglishlanguage．MostofUSuaboutfivethousandwordsinournormaluof

English；Shakespeareinhisworksudabouttwenty-fivethousand．

Thereisprobablynobetterwayforaforeignertoappreciatetherichnessandvarietyof

theEnglishlanguagethanbystudyingthevariouswaysinwhichShakespeareudit．Sucha

studyiswellworththeeffort(itisnot，ofcour，recommendedtobeginners)eventhough

someaspectsofEnglishusage，andthemeaningofmanywords，havechangedsince

Shakespeare’sday．

Passage2

当提及谁是世界上最伟大的剧作家，对于每个英国人来说，答案都毫无疑义。只有一个

名字值得这个称号——莎士比亚。对于我们这个最伟大的剧作家，每个英国人都有些了

解，即使很少。从莎翁的剧作中我们拿来使用的单词，习语和引用，已经变成了英语使

用者的通用词库中的一部分。很多时候我们可能不知道自己使用的词语的来源，就好像

一个去看过哈姆雷特的老妪回来之后抱怨剧中充满了大家都知道的谚语和引用语。

莎翁与其它作者相比，更充分的利用了英语语言这一资源。大多数的人日常使用不过

5000英语词汇而已，但是莎翁在他的作品中使用了2万5千左右的词汇。

对于一个外国人来说，研读莎翁对英语丰富多彩的使用方法是欣赏英语丰富性和多样性

高中英语阅读理解精题荟萃(附答案、解析、翻译)

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最好的手段。虽说从莎翁的年代至今，一些英语的用法，许多单词的意义发生了变化，

但是对莎翁作品的研究是十分有意义的。（当然，对于初学英语的人不太推荐。）

hpeople__C____

A．haveneverdiscusdwhoistheworld’sgreatestdramatist

B．neverdiscussanyissueconcerningtheworld’sgreatestdramatist

C．aresurewhoistheworld’sgreatestdramatist

D．donotcarewhoistheworld’sgreatestpoetanddramatist

37．EveryEnglishmanknows__A____

A．moreorlessaboutShakespeareB．Shakespeare，butonlyslightly

C．allShakespeare’swritingsD．onlythenameofthegreatestEnglishwriter

38．Whichofthefollowingistrue?C

A．Weuallthewords，phrasandquotationsfromShakespeare’Swritings．

B．Shakespeare’swritingshavebecomethepropertyofthowhoarelearningtospeak

English．

C．Itislikelytobetruethatpeopleoftendonotknowtheoriginsofthewordstheyu

DAllthewordspeopleuaretakenfromthewritingsofShakespeare

39．Whatdoestheword“proverb”mean?A

A．FamiliarsayingsB．Shakespeare’splays．C．Complaints．D．Actorsand

actress．

40．WhyisitworthwhiletostudythevariouswaysinwhichShakespeareudEnglish?B

A．EnglishwordshavechangedalotsinceShakespeare’Stime．

B．BydoingSOonecanbefullyawareoftherichnessoftheEnglishlanguage

hwordsarenowbeingudinthesamewayasinShakespeare’stime

ersmayhavedifficultylearningsomeaspectsofEnglishusage

Passage3

Treesareufultomaninthreeveryimportantways：theyprovidehimwoodandother

products；theygivehimshade；andtheyhelptopreventdrought(干旱)andfloods．

Unfortunately，inmanypartsoftheworld，manhasnotrealizedthatthethirdofthe

rvicesisthemostimportant．Inhiagernesstodrawquickprofitfromthetrees，hehascut

themdowninlargenumbers

Twothousandyearsago，arichandpowerfulcountrycutdownitstreestobuildwarships，

withwhichtogainitlfanempireItgainedtheempirebut，withoutitstrees，itssoilbecame

bareandpoor．Whentheempirefelltopieces，thecountryfounditlffacedbyfloodsand

starvation．

Evenwhereagovernmentrealizestheimportanceofaplentifulsupplyoftrees，itis

difficultsometimestomakethepeoplerealizethis．Theycutdownthetreesbutaretoo

carelesstoplantandlookafternewtreesSo，unlessthegovernmenthasagoodsystemof

control，orcaneducatethepeople，theforestsslowlydisappear

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Thisdoesnotonlymeanthattherewillbefewertrees．Theresultsareevenmorerious：

forwheretherearetrees，theirrootsbreakthesoilup，allowingtheraintosinkin，andalso

bindthesoil．Thispreventsthesoilfrombeingwashedaway．Butwheretherearenotrees，

therainfallsonhardgroundandflowsawayonthesurface，andthiscausfloodsandtherain

carriesawaytherichtopsoilinwhichcropsgrowWhena11thetopsoilisgone．nothing

remainsbutworthlessdert．

Passage3

树木对于人来说有3个重要益处：树木给人类提供木材和其他产物；树木可以让人们乘

凉；树木可有效地防止旱涝灾害。

可惜的是，在世界上许多地方，人类没有认识到以上三个作用中，第三个是最重要的。

人们急切于从树木上快速的谋取利益，于是大量的砍伐森林。

两千年之前，有一个富裕和强大的国家。为了建立帝国，砍倒了树木来造战舰。帝国建

立了，但是，没有树木的土地变得荒芜和贫瘠。当帝国四分五裂的时候，整个国家发觉

自己面临的是水灾和饥荒。

就算在政府认识到足够的树木储备的重要性时，有时却很难让人民也意识到这点。人们

砍倒了树木，却疏于种植和照料树苗。因此，除非政府建立一套体制来控制或者教育人

们，否则森林就会渐渐消失。

森林的消失不仅仅意味着树木的减少，还有更严重的后果。在有树的地方，树根不仅把

土壤粉碎成小块，便于雨水的渗入，还可以牢牢的抓住泥土，防止泥土被冲刷走。但是

在没有书的地方，雨水直接落在坚硬的地面，在土地表面流走。这不仅会导致洪水，雨

水还会带走庄稼赖于生长的肥沃的表层土。当所有的表层土被冲走之后，除了毫无价值

的沙漠之外，什么也没有了。

Passage3

树木对于人来说有3个重要益处：树木给人类提供木材和其他产物；树木可以让人们乘

凉；树木可有效地防止旱涝灾害。

可惜的是，在世界上许多地方，人类没有认识到以上三个作用中，第三个是最重要的。

人们急切于从树木上快速的谋取利益，于是大量的砍伐森林。

两千年之前，有一个富裕和强大的国家。为了建立帝国，砍倒了树木来造战舰。帝国建

立了，但是，没有树木的土地变得荒芜和贫瘠。当帝国四分五裂的时候，整个国家发觉

自己面临的是水灾和饥荒。

就算在政府认识到足够的树木储备的重要性时，有时却很难让人民也意识到这点。人们

砍倒了树木，却疏于种植和照料树苗。因此，除非政府建立一套体制来控制或者教育人

们，否则森林就会渐渐消失。

森林的消失不仅仅意味着树木的减少，还有更严重的后果。在有树的地方，树根不仅把

土壤粉碎成小块，便于雨水的渗入，还可以牢牢的抓住泥土，防止泥土被冲刷走。但是

在没有书的地方，雨水直接落在坚硬的地面，在土地表面流走。这不仅会导致洪水，雨

水还会带走庄稼赖于生长的肥沃的表层土。当所有的表层土被冲走之后，除了毫无价值

的沙漠之外，什么也没有了。

41．Treesareufultomanmainlyinthreeways，themostimportantofwhichisthattheycan

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__D__

mfromthehotsunshineB．enablehimtobuildwarships

C．thimfromdroughtsandfloods

42．It’sagreatpitythat_C___

A．manisonlyinterestedinbuildingempiresB．maniagertoprofitfromtrees

C．manhasn’n’tfoundoutthathehas

lostalltrees

43．Soonerorlatertheforestswilldisappear__C____．

acountryhasaplentysupplyoftreesB．unlesspeoplestopcuttingdown

theirtrees

C．unlessaIlpeoplearetaughttheimportanceofplantingtrees

D．unlessthegovernmentpunishesthowhocuttreesinsteadofplantingthem

44．Theword“bind”inParagraph5means“__C___”

A．towashawayB．tomakewetC．tomakestaytogetherD．toimprove

ereisaheavyrain．treescanhelptopreventfloods．astheycan.B

A．keeprainfromfallingdowntosoftgroundB，cauthesoiltoallowrainwatertosink

in

C．etopsoilsticktogether

Passage1

Dr．HarveyGates，thenotedscientist，mightneverhavediscoveredtheKamronlizard(蜥

蜴)inBlovia，ifithadnotbeenforachildhoodaccidentAsaboy，hewasdeterminedto

becomeababallplayer，butwhenhebrokehisarminpracticeattheageoffourteenand

wasforcedtostayofftheplayingfieldforawhile，hetooknoticeofthenaturalworldaround

himandlikedwhathesaw

Afterhehadrecoveredfromhisinjury，hecaughtasquirrel(松鼠)andraiditasa

pet．Soonhewasbringinghomesnakesandothercreaturesfromthewoodsnearhisschool．

In1962，heenteredBlakefordCollegeandmajoredinbiologyBy1966hehadreceived

hisBachelor(学士)ofSciencedegreeandtwoyearslateratDrysdaleUniversity，hereceived

hisDoctorofSciencedegree．Itwaswhilehewasdoingfieldrearchforhisdoctoralstudies

inSouthAmericain1967thathediscoveredandnamedtheKamronlizard．Thisanimalwas

differentfromothersofitskindinthatithadonlyfourtoesonitsfrontfeet．Inother

respects，itwassimilartoothersofthesamefamilyItcouldchangeitscolorandgoforlong

periodswithoutfood．

31．0fthefourstatements，whichonebestindicatestheauthor’sidea?B

A．Dr．Gatesisascientistwhocanalwaysattractthepublicattentiontohisrearch．

B．Dr．Gatesisaveryfamousscientist，thoughhewantedtobeasportsmanatfirst

CDr．GatesisascientistwhoalwayscarriesanotebookwithhimwhereverheGoes.

D．Dr．Gatesisverypopularforhisdeterminationtobecomeababallplayer

32Inthefirstparagraphofthepassage．thephra“inpractice”means“_D___”

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A．tudyinganimals

C．whilemakinguphismindtobecomeababallplayerD．whileplayingbaball

33Inthecondparagraph，theword“creatures”canbestbereplacedby

“___C___”，

BthingsC．things

34Itwas__D__thatDrGatesdiscoveredtheKamronlizard．

A．afterhehadgraduatedfromDrysdaleUniversityB．rightafterhehadfinishedhis

studyforthedoctor’sdegree

C．afterhehadreceivedhishighestdegreeDduringthetimewhenhewas

studyingforthedoctor’sdegree

35WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasafeatureoftheKamronlizard?C

A．Itposssfourtoesonitsfrontfeet．B．Itcanlivealongwhilewithouteating

C．Itmaygoforweekswithoutdrinking．D．Itiscapableofchangingcolors．

Passage2

Iwasduetotakemydrivingtestat11：30am．Itwasarainymorningwithlowcloudsand

asIapproachedthedrivingschoolat9：50am，myheartsank．Mydrivinginstructor．Stan，

saidsomething，tryingtodriveawaymyfears，butIwasnotimpresd

WetoffforthetestcentrewithanhourtogoIwantedarunroundthetestcircuit(圈)，

butwegotstuckinatrafficjam，andcouldonlydrivenofasterthanwalking.

Wearrivedatthetestcentreat11am．Stanmademewatchagroupofsixlearners

emergingfromthebuildingwiththeirrespective(各自的)examiners．Theirinstructorswere

lookingoutfromtwowindows．WewatchedthemdriveoffTheymusthavebeenfeelingvery

nervous

Stantookmeroundtheprobabletesttrack，pointingoutthetraps．Theweatherbecame

evenworItemedtomakemefeelwortoo．Ihaddevelopedacouldn’t-care-lessmood，

andwasalmostcalmWereturnedtothetestcentreintimetoethesixunfortunates

returning．Theirnervesmusthavebeeninaterriblestate．

Isatinthewaitingroomuntilsixexaminerscameintocalloutourrespective

names．MineshowednoemotionasheaskedmetogotomycarIshowednoneeither，but

thetensionbeganmountingagain．

36．Ontheirwaytothetestcenter，StantriedtocomforttheauthorB

A．butitmadetheauthor’wordsproducedno

effect

theauthorcoulddrivetothecenterwithnofearsD．sothattheycouldprepare

forallheflaps

37．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A

A．Sixlearnerswouldbetestedatthesametime．B．Thelearnersweretestedinthe

prenceoftheirinstructors

C．Noneofthesixlearnerspasdthetestintheend．DTheinstructorswereasnervousas

thelearners

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38．Whentheauthorwassittinginthewaitingroom，hewasquiteD

A．uptB．nervousC．frightenedD．relaxed

39Whenitwashisturntotakethetest，theauthorwenttohiscarwithC

A．firmconfidenceBmixedemotionsC．increadnervousnessD．perfectcalmness

40．ThepassageismainlyaboutB

A．theinfluenceofbadweatheruponatesttakerBthefeelingsofalearnerbeforehis

drivingtest

CthepreparationsbeforeadrivingtestD．anunforgettableday

Passage3

Theresourcesofthelibrarycanbehelpfulevenwhenwearedoingsomethingvery

informal，suchastryingtodeviabetterwaytomeasureattitudestowardmusicorlooking

forabetterwaytoteachmathematicsThelibrarycanbeequallyhelpfulwhenwearedoing

somethingveryformal，suchaswritingadisrtation(学位论文)orpreparinganarticlefor

publicationinaprofessionaljournal．Ineitherca，ourgoalshouldbetouthelibraryasa

ufultooltohelpusunderstandandsolveourproblem

Thefollowingctionsofthischapterwilldescribespecificresourcesavailableinmany

libraries．Insomecasyoumayalreadybeawareofaresourceandmayuitfrequentlyand

successfully．Inothercasyoumaybecompletelyunfamiliarwitharesource．Yourgoal

shouldbetobecomeawareofwhatisavailableandtoknowhowtoueachofthe

resourcestohelpyousolvetheproblemtheyaredesignedtosolve．

Wheneducatorshaveapieceofinformationthattheywanttosharewiththeircolleagues，

theyoftenmakethisinformationavailableinprofessionaljournalsoratprofessionalmeetings

Itwouldoftenbeufultohaveaccesstosuchinformation，andthischapterwilldescribethe

specialrvicesthatenableustolocatesuchinformation．

41Thelibraryresourcescanbehelpfulwhenwe__D___

A．wanttofindabetterwaytomeasureattitudestowardmusicB．arepreparingapaper

foraprofessionaljournal

C．arewritingadisrtationD.A11oftheabove

42．ThefamiliarityofreaderswithdifferentresourcesC

orlessthesameB．variesslightlyC．differsgreatlyD．should

notbedifferent

43．Theauthorbelievesthat__D___

yresourcesshouldbeudfrequentlyandcompletely

B．1ibraryresourcescannotbemadegooduofiftheyarenotavailabletous

C．oneissuppodtobeawareofthelibraryresourcesthatareusuallynotavailable

D．oneissuppodtohavegoodknowledgeandmakegooduofresources

44．Wheneducatorswishtosharesomeinformationwiththeircolleagues，theyoftenA

A．publishitinaprofessionaljournalB．attendprofessionalmeetings

C．getaccesstoitinthelibraryDmakeuofsomelibraryrvices

45ThechapterinquestionC

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A．mainlydealswiththewaysofdisrtationwriting

tsinformationonpublishingpapersinprofessionaljournals

C．introducessomelibraryrvices

D．describessomeprofessionalmeetings

Passage1

SomeofthenotebooksGeorgeWashingtonkeptasayoungmanarestillin

existence．TheyshowthathewaslearningLatin，wasveryinterestedinthebasicsofgood

behaviorinsociety，andwasreadingEnglishliterature．

Atschoolheemsonlytohavebeeninterestedinmathematics．Infact，hisformal

educationwassurprisinglybriefforagentleman，andincompleteForunlikeotheryoung

Virginianofthatday，hedidnotgototheCollegeofWilliamandMaryintheVirginian

capitalofWilliamsburg．Intermsofformaltrainingthen，Washingtoncontrastssharplywith

someotherearlyAmericanPresidentssuchasJohnAdams，ThomasJeffersonandJames

Madison．Inlateryears，WashingtonprobablyregrettedhislackofintellectualtrainingHe

neverfeltcomfortableinadebateinCongress(国会)，oronanySubjectthathadnottodo

witheveryday，practicalmattersAndbecauheneverlearnedFrenchandcouldnotspeak

directlytotheFrenchleaders，hedidnotvisitthecountryheadmiredSOmuch．Thus，unlike

JeffersonandAdams，heneverreachedEurope

Passage1

GeorgeWashington年轻时候的一些手札仍然保存完好。从这些手札中我们可以得知，

当时的GeorgeWashington正在学习拉丁语言和阅读一些英国文学，并对基本的优雅社

交行为深感兴趣。

在学校的学习中，GeorgeWashington好像只喜欢数学这一科。实际上，他作为一个标准

绅士的正式教育是不完整的，简直简短的令人惊讶。和当时弗吉尼亚州的年轻人不同，

他没有去位于弗吉尼亚州府威廉堡的WilliamandMary学院。那么在正式的训练方面，

Washington和其他早期的美国总统——如JohnAdams,ThomasJefferson和James

Madison就有着鲜明的对比。在后来的日子里，Washington大概对自己教育的缺乏感到

后悔了。无论是对于国会的商讨活动，还是其他并不是每天都常见的问题，或者一些实

践性的事物，Washington始终不能轻松应对。而且因为他从没学过法语，无法和法国的

领导人直接交流，所以没能去访问这个他最向往的国家。因此，和Jefferson还有Adams

不同，他始终也没有访问过欧洲。

31．Whydidn’tWashingtongotocollege?D

A．Hisfamilycouldnotaffordit．BAcollegeeducationwasratheruncommonin

histime．

C．Hedidn’tliketheyoungVirginiangentlemenD．Theauthordoesn’tgiveany

reason．

32．WashingtonfeltuncomfortableinCongressdebatesbecauhe__B___

A．1ackedpracticeinpublicspeakingB．felthiducationwasnotgood

enough

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C．didn’tlikearguinganddebatingwithpeopleDfeltthatdebatingwaslikeintellectual

training

33ThereasonwhyWashingtondidn’tvisitFrancewasprobablythathe__C___

A．didn’treallycareaboutgoingB．didn’tknowFrench1eaders

C．couldn’tcommunicatedirectlywiththeFrenchleadersD．wastoobusytoNavel

34Accordingtotheauthor__A____

AWashington’slackofformaleducationplacedhimatadisadvantageinlaterlife

B．WashingtonshouldhavegonetoFranceeventhoughhecouldnotspeakFrench

C．WashingtonwasnotasgoodapresidentasAdams，JeffersonorMadison

DWashingtonwasamodelforallVirginiangentlemen

35．ThemainideaofthepassageisthatWashington’ducation__D___

Awasofgreatvariety，coveringmanySubjects

Bwasprobablyequaltothoofmostyounggentlemenofhistime

C．mayempoorbymodernstandards．butwasgoodenoughforhistime

Dwasratherlimitedforapresident

Passage2

Likemostpeople，1wasbroughtuptolookuponlifeasaprocessofgettingItwasnotuntil

inmylatethirtiesthat1madethisimportantdiscovery：giving-awaymakeslifesomuchmore

excitingYouneednotworryifyoulackmoneyThisishow1experimentedwith

giving-away．Ifanideaforimprovingthewindowdisplayofaneighborhoodstoreflashesto

me，Istepinandmakethesuggestiontothestorekeeper．OnediscoveryImadeabout

giving-awayisthatitisalmostimpossibletogiveawayanythinginthisworldwithoutgetting

somethingback，thoughthereturnoftencomesinallunexpectedform．OneSundaymorning

thelocalpostofficedeliveredanimportantspecialdeliverylettertomyhome，thoughitwas

addresdtomeatmyOffice．1wrotethepostmasteranoteofappreciationMorethanayear

laterIneededapost—officeboxforanewbusiness1wasstarting1wastoldatthewindow

thattherewerenoboxesleft，andthatmynamewouldhavetogoonalongwaitinglist．As1

wasabouttoleave，thepostmasterappearedinthedoorway．Hehadoverheard(无意中听

到)ourconversation．“Wasn’tityouthatwroteUSthatletterayearagoaboutdeliveringa

specialdeliverytoyourhome?”Isaidyes“Well，youcertainlyaregoingtohaveaboxinthis

postofficeifwehavetomakeoneforyou．Youdon’tknowwhataletterlikethatmeanstous.

Weusuallygetnothingbutcomplaints．’’

Passage2

和大多数人一样，我从小被灌输的是生命是一个不断获取的过程。直到我30多岁快40

的时候，有了这么一个重要的发现：给予使生命更加精彩。就算你没有钱也无需担忧做

不到。我是这么尝试给予的。如果可以改善附近一家铺子橱窗摆设的好点子忽然闪现在

我的脑海中，我会走进这间店铺，和店主说说的建议。对于给予我的一大发现是，付出

总有回报，不过有的时候回报的形式是你始料未及的。、一个周日的早晨，当地的邮局

往我家送了一封重要的特快专递，其实信封上写的是我办公室的地址，信却被专门送到

家里。为此我给邮政局长写了一封感谢信。一年多过去了，我由于新业务的开展去邮局

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申请新的邮箱。但是我被告知暂时没有多余的信箱了，要等的话也要排很长的名单才能

轮到我。当我打算离开邮局的时候，无意中听到我们谈话的邮政局长出现在门口。他问

我：“是不是你一年前写了封感谢我们特快专递服务的信啊？”我说是。他继续说：“你

当然马上就能拥有一个信箱了，我们这就给你弄一个。你不了解这种感谢信对我们意义

多么大。通常我们除了抱怨什么也得不到。”

36．Fromthepassage，weunderstandthat__A____

Atheauthordidnotunderstandtheimportanceofgivinguntilhewasinlatethirties

B．theauthorwaslikemostpeoplewhoweremostlyreceiversratherthangivers

C．theauthorreceivedthesameeducationasmostpeopleduringhischildhood

D．theauthorlikedmostpeopleastheylookeduponlifeasaprocessofgetting

37．Accordingtotheauthor__C___

AgivingmeansyouwilllackmoneyBtheexcitementofgivingcanbringyou

money

Cyoudon’thavetoberichinordertogiveD．whenyougiveawaymoney，youwill

berich

38．Theauthorwouldmakethesuggestiontothestorekeeper_B__

A．inwritingB．inpersonCinthewindowdisplayD．aboutthe

neighborhood

39．Whentheauthorneededapost-officebox，__C____

A．hehadtoputhisnameonawaitinglistBhewrotethepostmasteranoteof

appreciation

C．manypeoplehadappliedforpost-officeboxesbeforehimD．heaskedthe

postmastertomakeoneforhim

40．Inreplytothepostmaster’squestion．theauthorsaid__D____

A．itwasthespecialdeliveryB．itwasthepost-officebox

C．itwasthenoteofappreciationhewroteDitwashewhowrotehimaletterayear

ago

Passage3

ChildrenintheUnitedStatesareexpodtomanyinfluencesotherthanthatoftheir

families．Televisionisthemostsignificantoftheinfluences，becauthehabitofwatching

televisionusuallybeginsbeforechildrenstartattendingschool．

Parentsareconcernedaboutthelackofqualityintelevisionprogramsforchildren．The

degreeofviolenceinmanyoftheshowsalsoworriesthem．Studiesindicatethat，when

childrenareexpodtoviolence，theymanybecomeaggressiveorincure.

Parentsarealsoconcernedat，outthecommercialsthattheirchildreneon

television．Manyparentswouldliketoefewercommercialsduringprogramsfor

children．Andsomeparentsfeelthattheshowsshouldnothaveanycommercialsatall

becauyoungmindsarenotmatureenoughtodealwiththeclaimsmadebyadvertirs．

Educationaltelevisionhasnocommercialsandhasprogramsforchildrenthatmanyparents

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approveofThemostfamousoftheisSesameStreet，whichtriestogivepreschoolchildren

aheadstartinlearningthealphabet(字母)andnumbers．Italsofliestoteachchildrenuful

thingsabouttheworldinwhichtheylive．

EventhoughmostparentsandeducatorsgiveSesameStreetandshowslikeithighmarks

forquality，somecriticsarguethatalltelevision，whethereducationalornot，isharmfulto

children．Thecriticsfeelthatthehabitofwatchinghoursoftelevisioneverydayturns

childrenintoboredandpassive(被动的)consumersoftheirworldratherthanencouraging

themtobecomeactiveexplorersofit．

Passage3

现在的美国儿童与他们的父母不同，受到各个方面的影响。这些影响中最重要的是电视

节目，因为常常在孩子们还没上学之间就养成了看电视的习惯了。

家长们对于儿童节目质量的低下很担忧。这些节目中出现的暴力的程度也烦恼着他们。

研究显示，当儿童接触到暴力相关的节目，很多人会变得具有攻击性或者没有安全感。

家长们对于孩子们在电视上看到的广告同样也很担忧。在儿童节目的时间，家长建议减

少广告的播出。一些家长甚至认为这种时间段的节目中根本不应该有广告，鉴于儿童的

思想还不够成熟，不能对广告中的一些话语做出判断。

教育台没有广告，而且播出的儿童节目家长们都很赞赏。其中有个最有名的节目叫芝麻

街，主要是给学龄前儿童关于数字和字母的启蒙教育，以及对他们所在的世界的一些有

帮助的认识。

即便大多数的家长和教育者给与芝麻街，以及这类的节目很高的评价，一些评论家还是

认为所有的电视节目，无论教育性与否，对于儿童都是有害的。他们认为每天看几个小

时电视这种习惯让儿童变成世界消极无聊且被动的取食者，而不是鼓励儿童变成世界积

极的探索者。

41．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTbadonthepassage?C

A．ParentsareworriedabouttheinfluencefromtelevisionontheirchildrenB

Televisionhasmuchinfluenceonchildren

CBothparentsandtheirchildrenlikewatchingeducationaltelevision．

D．Somecriticsthinkthattelevisionisnogoodforchildren．

42．Inwhatwaysdochildrensufferfromtelevision?C

A．TheybecomethevictimsofsocialviolenceBTheyspendhourswatching

televisioninsteadofdoingschoolwork

CTheprogramsmakethechildrenlointerestintheworld．

DTheprogramsmakethechildrenspendtoomuchoftheirparents’money

43．Parentswouldnotliketheirchildrentoecommercialsbecau__A__

A．theythinkthattheirchildrenorenotoldenoughtohandleadvertisingB．commercials

teachchildrenalphabetandnumbers

C．commercialshelptollproductsD．theydon’tlikecommercials

44．EducationaltelevisioniswidelyappreciatedbecauC

A．itdoeshavethesamecommercialsasothersB．itoffersprogramsforbothchildren

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andtheirparents

CmanyparentsliketheprogramsitoffersfortheirchildrenD．childrencanlearnsome

schoolsubjectsbeforetheygotoschool

45．Whichofthefollowingcanbestrveasthetitleofthepassage?C

A．WatchingTooMuchTelevisionMayBeHarmfultoYoungMindsB．TelevisionIs

MoreHarmfulthanEducational

C．Television’sInfluenceonChildrenDMoreEducationTelevision

Passage1

Wecanmakemistakesatanyage．Somemistakeswemakeareaboutmoney．Butmost

mistakesareaboutpeople．“DidJerryreallycarewhenIbrokeupwithHelen?…‘WhenIgot

thatgreatjob，didJerryreallyfeelgoodaboutit，asafriend?Ordidheenvymyluck?”When

welookback．doubtslikethecanmakeUSfeelbad．Butwhenwelookback．It’stoolate

Whydowegowrongaboutourfriends-orourenemies?Sometimeswhatpeoplesay

hidestheirrealmeaning．Andifwedon’treallylisten，wemissthefeelingbehindthe

words．Supposomeonetellsyou．‘‘you’realuckydog”．Ishereallyonyourside?ifhe

says．“You’realuckyguy”or“You’realuckygal”．That’sbeingfriendly．But“lucky

dog”?There’sabitofenvyinthowordsMaybehedoesn’teithimlf．Butbringingin

the‘‘dog”bitputsyoudownalittle．Whathemaybesayingisthathedoesn’tthinkyou

derveyourluck．

Howcanyoutelltherealmeaningbehindsomeone’swords?Onewayistotakeagood

lookatthepersontalking．Dohiswordsfitthewayhelooks?Doeswhathesayssquarewith

thetoneofvoice?Hisposture(体态)?Thelookinhiyes?Stopandthink．Theminuteyou

spendthinkingabouttherealmeaningofwhatpeoplesaytoyoumaysaveanothermistake

Passage1

无论我们长到多少岁，都会犯错误。有时犯金钱上的错误，但大多数时间还是与人有关

的错误。“如果我和Helen分手，Jerry会真的在意么？”“我得到了这么棒的工作，Jerry

作为我的朋友衷心的为我感到高兴么？或者他会嫉妒我的幸运？”当我们回忆过去，类

似这种的疑问让我们感觉很不舒服。但是回忆起这些的时候，想补救已经为时已晚了。

为什么我们总是对我们友善或者敌对的人会错意思呢？因为，有的时候，人们真正要表

达的意思其实隐藏在话语背后。那么如果我们没有真正的去聆听，就会错过语言后的感

情。要是有人对你说：“You’realuckydog.”他是真正的支持你的么？如果他说“你是个幸

运的家伙”或者“你是个幸运的女孩”，他的态度应该是友善的。但是，“luckydog”这个词，

好像有点嫉妒的味道在里面。也许说话人自己也没有察觉到。但是，“dog”这个词好像

有点贬低你的意思。他想说的可能是他觉得你不配这么幸运。

那么如何分辨出别人话语之外的意思呢？一个办法就是仔细观察说话的人。他说的话和

他说话的样子搭配么？和说话的语调符合么？和他的姿势呢？还有眼神？停下来想一

想。你用来思索别人话语真正意思花的很少的时间，也许避免了另一个错误。

31．Fromthequestionsinthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthatthespeaker_B____

A．feelshappy，thinkingofhownicehisfriendsweretohim

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B．feelshemaynothave“read”hisfriends’truefeelingscorrectly

C．thinksitwasamistaketohavebrokenupwithhisgirlfriend，Helen

Dissorrythathisfriendslethimdown

32．Inthecondparagraph．theauthorustheexampleof“You’realuckydog”to

showthatC．

A．thespeakerofthisntenceisjustbeingfriendly

Bthissayingmeansthesameas“You’realuckyguy”or“You’realuckygal”

Csometimesthewordsudbyaspeakergiveacluetothefeelingbehindthewords

D．theword“dog”shouldn’tbeudtoapplytopeople

33．Thispassagetriestotellyouhowto__C____

A．avoidmistakesaboutmoneyandfriendsB．bringthe“dog’’bitintoourconversation

C．avoidmistakesinunderstandingwhatpeopletellyouDkeeppeoplefriendly

withouttrustingthem

34．Inlisteningtoaperson．theimportantthingis__C____

A．tonoticehistone，hisposture，andthelookinhiyesBtolistentohowhe

pronounceshiswords

C．tocheckhiswordsagainsthismanner，histoneofvoice，andhispostureD．notto

believewhathesays

35．Ifyoufollowedtheadviceofthewriter，youwould__A____

AbeabletogettherealmeaningofwhatpeoplesaytoyouB．avoidanymistakeswhile

talkingwithpeoplewhoenvyyou

C．notlorealfriendswhosaythingsthatdonotpleayouD．beabletoobrvepeople

astheyaretalkingtoyou

Passage2

WhywasBastilleimportanttothecitizensofParis?ThebuildingoftheBastillehad

beenstartedin1370underCharlesVBytheventeenthcenturyithadstoppedtobe

importantfordefen．CardinalRichelieuturneditintoaprison．Itwasnotanordinaryprison

topunishcommoncrimes．ItshugedoorsclodonlyonenemiesoftheKingTheBastille’s

workingswerecret．Prisonersweretakentoitinclodvehicles．Soldiersonguardduty

hadtostandwiththeirfacestothewallNOtalkingwasallowedWorstofall，aprisonernever

knewifhewouldbethereaday，aweek，ayear，orforever．OnlytheKing’slettercouldt

himfree

OvertheyearsthenumberofarrestsbyKing’Sletterhadbecomefewer．Bythetimeofits

fall．mostoftheprisonerswerewriterswhohadwrittenagainstthecorruptions(贪污腐败)of

thegovernmentVoltaire，thefamousFrenchwriter，spentayeartherein1717～1718，and

another12daysin1726.

Forthowhobelievedinfreespeechandfreethinking，theBastillestoodforeverything

evil．Thedayitwascaptured，onlyvenprisonerswerefoundinside．Still，theBastillewas

hatedbythepeopleItwasasymboloftheKing’scompletepower.

Passage2

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为什么说对于巴黎的市民来说，巴士底狱的意义不同一般呢？巴士底狱这一建筑建于查

理五世统治时期的1370年。17世纪的时候不再用于防御工事。教皇Richelieu把它变成

了一所监狱。这并不是处罚普通罪行的一般监狱。在它巨大的门墙之内，关的仅仅是国

王的敌人。巴士底狱的运作方式是秘密的。犯人被完全封闭的交通工具运进来。当值的

士兵站岗时要面对高墙，而且禁止交谈。最糟糕的是，囚犯自己从不知道自己要在这关

上一天，一周，一年，或者永远。只有国王的亲笔信可以释放里面的囚犯。

在此期间，被国王下令逮捕的人越来越少了。到巴士底狱被攻破的时候，大部分的囚犯

都是针对统治者的贪污腐败进行抨击的文人。伏尔泰Voltaire，法国著名的文人，曾经

二次被关在这里，一次从1717年到1718年的一年间，一次是在1726被关了12天。

对于信仰言论和思想自由的人们，巴士底狱是一切罪恶的象征。在它陷落的那天，里面

只有7位囚犯。即使如此，人民还是对巴士底狱深恶痛绝。因为它是国王专政的象征。

36．TheBastillehadbeenaprison__D___

A．sincethetimeofCharlesVB．since1370C．beforetheventeenthcentury

D．since血etimeofCardinalRichelieu

37．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?A

A．AnyonewhodidsomethingwrongcouldfindhimlfsuddenlyintheBastille

B．TheBastillewasonlyforthowhowereoppodtotheKing．

C．ThingsdoneintheBastillewerehardlyknowntopeopleoutsideD．Voltairewas

twiceputintheBastille．

38Atthetimeofitsfall，theBastillehoud__D__．

A．alargenumberofprisonersBalotofwriterswhohadbeenagainstthe

government

C．somedozensofpeoplewhobelievedinfreespeechandfreethinkingDonlyafew

prisoners

39WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?C

A．AllprisonersintheBastillehadtostaythereforlife

BOvertheyearsthenumberofprisonersintheBastillewasgettingmoreandmore．

C．TheKingcouldputpeoplein，orletthemgoout，ashewanted.

D．Atthetimeitwascaptured，thereweresofewprisonersinitthatitmeantlittletothe

people．

40Thispassagemainly___D____

A．tellshowtheprisonerswerecontrolledbytheKingB．tellshowlittlewasknown

abouttheBastille

CshowstheinnerworkingsoftheBastilleDgivesabriefhistoryoftheBastille

Passage3

Almosteveryfamilybuysasleastonecopyofanewspapereveryday．Somepeople

subscribetoasmanyastwoorthreedifferentnewspapersButwhydopeopleread

newspapers?

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Fivehundredyearsago，newsofimportanthappenings--battleslostandwon，kingsor

rulersoverthrown(推翻)orkilled--tookmonthsandevenyearstotravelfromonecountryto

another．Thenewspasdbywordofmouthandwasneveraccurate．Todaywecanreadin

ournewspapersofimportanteventsthatoccurinfarawaycountriesonthesamedaythey

happen．

Apartfromsupplyingnewsfromallovertheworld，newspapersgiveusalotofother

ufulinformationThereareweatherreports，radio，televisionandfilmguides，bookreviews，

stories，andofcour．advertiments．Thebiggeronesareputinbylargecompaniestobring

attentiontotheirproducts．Theypaythenewspapersthousandsofdollarsfortheadvertising

space，butitisworththemoneyfornewsoftheirproductsgoesintoalmosteveryhomeinthe

countryForthowhoproducenewspapers，advertimentsarealsoveryimportant．Money

earnedfromadvertimentsmakesitpossibleforthemtolltheirnewspapersatalowprice

andstillmakeaprofit．

Passage3

几乎每个家庭每天都会买至少一份报纸。一些人甚至订阅2或3份不同的报纸。那么，

为什么人们要读报纸呢？

五百年前，重大事件的消息——战争的失败和胜利，国王或统治者被推翻或谋杀——要

花几个月甚至数年的时间从一个国家传到另一个国家。这些口头传播的消息往往不准

确。现如今，我们可以在报纸上得知当天发生在很远的国家的重大事件。

除了提供世界各地的新闻之外，报纸还给我们提供了许多其他有用的信息。比如天气预

报，广播电视电影的预告，书评，小说，当然还有广告。那些较大的广告是大公司为了

让他们的产品引人注意。虽然他们为了这些广告位付给报纸的经营者几千美元，但是这

个钱还是花的值得的，由于广告的作用他们的产品进入了千家万户。对于经营报纸的人，

广告也很重要。广告的收入让他们可以以很低的价格出售报纸仍然获利。

41Thephra“subscribeto’’inthefirstparagraphmeans“___C_____”

A．gotothenewspaperstandandbuyB．ndtheirownnewsstoriesto

C．agreetobuyforaspecificperiodoftimeDbecomefaithfulreadersof

42Thehabitofreadingnewspapersis__A___

A．widespreadB．foundamongafewfamiliesC．notpopularD．uncommon

43．Beforethetimeofthenewspaper，__D____

AbadnewstraveledquicklyandgoodnewsslowlyBfewpeoplecaredaboutevents

thattookplaceinfarawaycountries

C．kingsandrulerswereoftenoverthrownorkilledD．newswaspasdfromone

persontoanother

44Theauthoremstoagreethatmoneyspentonadvertimentsis__C____

A．wastedB．notmuchCwellspentD．ofnoutoanyone

45．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A

A．Fivehundredyearsagoittookalongtimefornewstoreachothercountries．

B．Newspaperadvertimentsturnpeople’Sattentionawayfromtheirproducts．

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C．Thenewsthatwereadinnewspapersismainlyaboutnewproducts．

DWhennewspapersaresoldatalowprice，thenewspaperproducerswilllomoney．

Passage1

OnesillyquestionIsimplycan’tstandis“Howdoyoufeel”．Usuallythequestionis

askedofamaninaction—amanonthego．walkingalongthestreet．orbusilyworkingathis

deskSowhatd0youexpecthimtosay?He’11probablysay．“Fine．I’mallright．”But

“you’veputabuginhiar”一maybenowhe’snotsureIfyouareagoodfriend，youmay

haveensomethinginhisface，orhiswalk．thathedidnotrealizethatmorningItstartshim

worryingalittle．Firstthingyouknow．helooksinamirrortoeifeverythingisaⅡfight，

whileyougomerrilyonyourwayaskingsomeoneel．‘‘Howdoyoufeel?”

EveryquestionhasitstimeandplaceIt’sperfectlyacceptable，forinstance，toask‘‘How

doyoufeel?’’ifyou’revisitingaclofriendinthehospitalButifthefellowiswalkingon

bothlegs，hurryingtomakeatrain，orsittingathisdeskworking，it’snotimetoaskhimthat

sillyquestion．

WhenGeorgeBernardShaw，thefamouswriterofplayswasinhiighties，someone

askedhim“Howdoyoufeel”，Shawputhiminhisplace．‘‘Whenyoureachmyage”，he

said．“eitheryoufeelallrightoryou’redead”

Passage1

“你感觉怎么样”是一个愚蠢的让我无法忍受的问题。这个问题通常会问那些正在忙着

的人——一个正沿着街道赶路去某地的人，或者一个正埋头工作的人。那么你期望从他

那里得到什么答案呢？他很可能说“很不错”。但是你却给了他一个暗示——可能他当时

不知道。如果你是他的一个好朋友，你也许在他脸上，或者走路的样子上发现什么他早

晨没有觉察到的不妥。你的话使他开始感觉有点不安。你也猜的到，接着他要做的第一

件事，就是找个镜子，看看自己是不是有什么不对。这个时候你却开心的我行我素，去

问其他人这个问题了“你感觉怎么样？”

每个问题都有它提问的适当时机和场合。例如，如果你去医院探望一个亲密的朋友，这

个时候你问他“你觉得怎么样？”就十分的恰当。但是，如果这个人匆忙赶路去赶火车，

或者在埋头工作，没有时间去他这种傻瓜问题。

当GeorgeBernardShaw——一个著名的剧作家，在他80多岁的时候，有人问他：“你感

觉怎么样”，Shaw让这个人站在自己的角度来想想。“当你到了我这个年龄，”他说“要么

你感觉良好，要么你已经死了。”

31．Accordingtothewriter，greetings，suchas“Howdoyoufeel?”_D__

A．showone’sconsiderationforothersB．areagoodwaytomakefriends

CarepropertoaskamaninactionD．generallymakeonefeeluneasy

32．Thequestion“Howdoyoufeel?”emstobecorrectandsuitablewhenaskedofD

A．amanworkingathisdeskB．apersonhavinglostaclofriend

C．astrangerwholookssomewhatworriedD．afriendwhoisill

33．Thewriteremstofeelthatabusymanshould_C___

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AbepraidforhiffortsBneverbeaskedanyquestionC．notbebothered

Dbediscouragedfromworkingsohard

34．GeorgeBernardShaw’sreplyinthepassageshowshis_B_____

A．cheerfulnessB．clevernessC．abilityD．politeness

35‘‘You’veputabuginhiar’’meansthatyou’veD

A．madehimlaughB．shownconcernforhimCmadefunofhim

D．givenhimsomekindofwarning

Passage2

Actingissuchanover-crowdedprofessionthattheonlyadvicethatshouldbegiventoa

youngpersonthinkingofgoingonthestageis“Don’t!”．Butitisulesstotrytodiscourage

someonewhofeelsthathemustact，althoughthechancesofhisbecomingfamousare

slim．Thenormalwaytobeginistogotoadramasch001．Usuallyonlystudentswhoshow

promiandtalentareaccepted，andthecourlaststwoyears．Thentheyoungactoror

actresstakesupworkwithatheatricalcompany(剧团)，usuallyasanassistantstagemanager

Thismeansdoingeverythingthatthereistodointhetheatreandoccasionallyactinginvery

smallpartsItisveryhardworkindeed，thehoursarelongandthesalaryistiny．

Ofcour，somepeoplehaveremarkablechanceswhichleadtofameandSuccess

withoutthislongandhardtraining．ConniePratt，forexample，wasjustanordinarygirl

workinginabicyclefactory．Afilmproducerhappenedtocatchsightofheronemorning

waitingatabusstop，ashedrovepastinhiscar．Hestoppedandgotouttospeaktothe

girl．Heaskedifshewouldliketogotothefilmstudiotodoatest，andshethoughthewas

jokingThenshegotangryandsaidshewouldcallthepoliceIttooktheproducertwenty

minutestoconvinceConniethathewasriousThetestwassuccessful．Andwithinafew

weeksshewasplayingtheleadingpartoppositeoneofthemostfamousactorsofthedayBut

chanceslikethishappenonceinabluemoon

Passage2

演艺界是一个人口密度过高的职业。对于想登上舞台的年轻人的唯一建议就是不要进

入。但是想劝阻那些明知成功的机会很渺茫却执意要做演员的人，这种说教是无用的。

要做演员通常办法就是去戏剧学院进修。通常这里只接受有前途和有天赋的学生，课程

要花2年的时间。之后，年轻的女艺人或者男艺人以舞台助理的身份，参与到剧团的工

作。这意味着要做和舞台相关的所有事务和偶尔的跑龙套。这确实是很辛苦的工作，工

作时间长，薪水又少的可怜。

当然，有些人没有经过长期辛苦训练，而是是通过不寻常的机会就获得了声望和成

功。例如说，ConniePratt原本是自行车厂的一个普通女工。某个早晨她在公车站等车的

时候被一个开车路过的电影制作人看中了。制作人停车出来和她交谈，问她是否愿意来

摄影棚试镜。Connie认为他只是在开玩笑罢了。最后她生气了，还威胁说要叫警察。最

后制作人花了20分钟的时间让Connie相信他是认真的。试镜很成功。几个星期之后，

她就作为女主角和当时很有名的一个男演员在一部戏中演对手戏了。但是，类似这样的

机会少之又少啊。

36Fromtheverybeginning，theauthorputsitclearlythatactingisaprofession__A____

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AsoughtafterbytoomanyB．toodifficultforyoungpeople

C．forslimpeopleonlyD．onecangointowithoutspecialtraining

37．Forsomeonewhofeelshemustact，itisverylikelythat_D____

A．hewillbecomeafilmstaratlonglastBhewillbecomeastagemanager

ChewillbewellpaidD．hewillendupwithoutanySuccess

38．ThefilmproducerfoundConniePrattonemorningwhenshewas__D__

A．atworkinabicyclefactoryB．drivingpasthiminhercar

C．goingtoafilmstudioD．waitingforabus

39．Afewweeksafterthetest．ConniePrattfoundherlf__B____

AthemostfamousactressoftheworldB．playingtheleadingfemaleroleina

play

C．asfamousasthegreatestactoroftheworldD．nolessfamousthantheleadingactor

oftheday

40Theconcludingntence“chanceslikethishappenonceinabluemoon”meansD

AthisissomethingwhichhappensonceinawhileB．thisisahighlyprofitable

chance

C．thisissomethinghighlypossibleDthisisaveryrarechance

Passage3

Soldiersandothermilitarypeoplewearuniformswithvariousothersymbolsto

indicatetheirstatus．Butinthebusinessworldeveryonewearsmoreorlesssimilarsuits，and

youcannottellataglancewhorankshigherorlowerthananother．Sohowdopeopleinthe

businessworldshowtheirsuperiority?

Anattempttostudythiswasmadebytworearchersusingariesofsilentfilms．They

hadtwoactorsplaythepartsofanexecutive(经理)andavisitor，andswitchroleach

time．Thescenehadonemanathisdeskplayingthepartofanexecutive，whiletheother，

playingthepartofavisitor，knocksatthedoor，opensitandapproachesthedesktodiscuss

somebusinessmatter．

Theaudiencewatchingthefilmswasaskedtoratetheexecutiveandthevisitorinterms

ofstatus．Acertaintofrulesaboutstatusbegantoemergefromtheratings．Thevisitor

showedtheleastamountofstatuswhenhestoppedjustinsidethedoortotalkacrosstheroom

totheatedman．Hewasconsideredtohavemorestatuswhenhewalkedhalfwayuptothe

desk，andhehadthemoststatuswhenhewalkeddirectlyuptothedeskandstoodrightin

frontOftheatedexecutive．

Anotherthingthataffectedthestatusofthevisitorintheeyesoftheobrverswasthe

timebetweenknockingandentering．Fortheatedexecutive，hisstatuswasalsoaffectedby

thetimebetweenhearingtheknockandanswering．Thequickerthevisitorenteredtheroom，

themorestatushehad．Thelongertheexecutivetooktoanswer，themorestatushehad．

assage3

士兵和其他军队中的人都要穿制服，并且衣服上有各种各样的标志来表明他们的身份地

位。但是在商业的世界中，几乎每个人都穿的差不多一样的衣服。乍看之下，很难分出

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身份地位的高低。那么，在商界，人们如果表明自己高人一等呢？

2个研究者通过一系列的默剧对此进行尝试和研究。剧中只有2个演员，分饰经理和拜

访者的角色，每次两人都要交换角色。剧中演的是经理坐在办公桌旁边办公，来访者敲

门，推开门，往办公桌走去，和经理讨论业务上的事情。

观看的观众被要求说出经理和拜访者的地位孰高孰低。从观众的意见总结出一套地位的

归路。当拜访者站在刚进门的地方，远远的穿过整个房间和经理说话，表明来访者的地

位最低。当拜访者站在门和桌子的中间时，地位较高；当他径直走到桌子旁边站在经理

前面时，地位最高。

在观众眼中，另一个影响拜访者地位的事情是他敲门和进房间之间的时间间隔。对于坐

在那里的经理来说，他的地位受听到敲门和应答的时间间隔的影响。拜访者越早的进入

房间，他的地位就越高。经理越迟应答敲门声，他的地位越高。

41．Theexperimentdesignedbythetworearchersaimedatfindingout_D____

A．howbusinessisconductedbyallexecutiveandavisitorBhowtotellthe

differencesbetweenanexecutiveandavisitor

C．howtotellbusinessmenataglanceD．howbusinessmenindicatestatus

42Whichofthestatementscanbestsumupthepassage?C

A．Theexecutivehasahigherstatusthanthevisitor．B．Militarypeoplewear

uniformsbutthebusinessmendonot

C，Astudyrevealingatofrulesaboutthestatusofbusinessmen．

DItisagoodmethodtouariesofsilentfilminrearch．

43Havingenteredtheroom，theclorthevisitorapproachestheexecutive,_D__

A．thelessitaffectedhisstatusB．thelowerhisstatusC．themoreitaffected

hisstatusD．thehigherhisstatus

44．Thelongertheatedmanwasinansweringtheknock，__A____

A．thehigherhisstatusB．thelessitaffectedhisstatusC．thelowerhisstatus

Dthemoreitaffectedhisstatus

45．WhichstatementisNOTtrue?B

ASoldierswearuniformswithvarioussymbolssothatonecalltelltheirstatusata

glance．

B．Intheexperiment．oneactorplayedtheexecutivewhiletheotherplayedtheated

man

C．Businesspeoplewearsimilarsuits．

DTheaudiencewatchingthefilmratedtheexecutiveandthevisitorintermsofstatus．

阅读理解一

Areallyourphotographsgood？’tsomeofyourpictures

toodark,andotherstoolight？Howmanytimeshaveyouthrownawayaphoto？We,the

FinePhotographClub,everyWednesdayinourcomfortableclub

7:rofthecluboravisitorwouldgiveatalk,and

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esitallcost？Only5

poundsayear.

now,forinstance,thatthereare15million

camerasinourcountry？Andthat700millionphotographsaretakenayear,morethan

one-thirdofthemincolor？Thinkoftheamountofphotographyintelevision,thecinema,

newspapers,books,rnlifepeoplelearnalotfrompictures,

somorecomplicatedandmoreexpensive

,we

dn’anttolearn

moreaboutphotographyandhowitisud,’tbedisappointed.

WritenowtotheSecretary,Street.

poofpassageisto_____.

oplephotographyis

nowabigbusiness

agepeopleto

jointhephotographclub

答案为D。此句为测试作者的写作目的。“呼吁人们都来加入到摄影俱乐部!”这是

本文的主要目的。本文的最后部分也是对全文内容的重点回应。

anttojointheclub,you_____.

owaboutthelatestcameras

andfilms

honestwithyourlf

答案为C。此句为细节题。从短文第一段的最后一句话：fivepoundsayear中得出

答案。

abletobehonestsothatyoucan_____.

wmuchmoneyyou

waste

elatestdevelopmentin

cameras

答案为A。此句为细节推理题。将第一段内容进行综合分析，可以知道：这是Fine

Photographclub所做的宣传广告，让人们知道他们是为了帮助人们提高摄影技术，避免

出现浪费现象，而且费用低廉。因此选项A符合短文的内容。

bcangivethefollowingrviceexcept_____.

ation

答案为B。此句为细节推理题。从短文内容上看，文章中出现了：andthenwehave

coffee（选项A的内容），…willadviyouonallthelatest…（选项C的内容）和ifyou

wanttolearn…itisud（选项D的内容），这样只有选项B的内容在短文中没有出现

了。

tatementofthefollowingistrue？

reamemberofFinePhotographClub,itwillcostyouonly5poundsto

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buyacamera.

membersofFinePhotographClubcantakefreephotographsoffaces

andplaces.

anathirdof700millioncolorphotographsaretakenayear.

ritetothephotographclub,youwillbeverygoodatphotographing.

答案为C。细节题。在短文Andthat700millionphotographsaretakenayear，more

thanone-thirdOfthemincolor？中给出了答案。其中的them就是700million

photographs。

阅读理解二

MostofusknowabouttheNobelPrize,especiallytheNobelPeacePrize,butfewofus

great

s,inessmaysurpriyou.

’tthis

somethingthatsurprisyou?Themanwhomademoneyfromweaponsshouldtupthe

PeacePrize?

ThoughAlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons,dthat

diedin

1896,ingtohiswill,mostof

edtheinterestfromthefundtobeudasprizes

Nobelwantedthewinnerstobechonfortheirwork,notthecountrytheycamefrom.

AlfredNobelhadgivenhiswholelifetohisstudiesandworkandtothebenefitsof

moneyallbyhisownefforts,

inventionsandwealthstaywiththeworldforever.

’sbusinesswas_____.

ingandllingweapons

weaponsandlling

explosives

答案为A。细节题。将这两句话Hisbusinessmaysurpriyou．Hemadeandsold

explosives．合并在一起理解．就是：他的企业是制造并贩卖炸药的。

antedtotuptheNobelPeacePrizebecau_____.

dwar

dtoliveina

peacefulworld

答案为B。此句为细节推理题。从hehatedwar．Hehopedthattherewouldbenowar

intheworld．这里可以看出Nobel讨厌战争，因此希望以后不再有战争。

rizescomefrom_____.

el’el’smoneyinhiscompany

theinterestinthefund

答案为C。此句为细节推理题。NobelPrizes的来源在本文中是指：“Hewantedthe

高中英语阅读理解精题荟萃(附答案、解析、翻译)

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interestfromthefundtobeudasprizeveryyear．”也就是他基金中每年的利息。

asa(an)_____personintheworld.

t

答案为B。此句为细节推理题。从短文最后一段的内容看，Nobel的无私奉献为世

界人民做出了贡献。因此应该说他是一个无私的人。

tatementofthefollowingisRightaccordingtothepassage?

Nobel’smoney

wasudfortheworldWars.

rizesareonlyforsomepeoplefromsomespecialcountries.

orkedhardinhislifeandsavedlotsofmoneyfortheworldtoshare.

答案为D。此句为细节推理题。在Hemademoneyallbyhisownefforts．Butheleftthe

worldsharehiswealth．这句话中，我们可以看出Nobel将所挣的钱全部留给世界人民去

分享(share)。

阅读理解三

readinnerguestinGhana,this

informationwillhelpyoualot.

reare

eraguestarrives,ugotoa

home,timeeveryone

ouwashyourhandsinabowlof

foodisonthetable.

fromthesamedishaveryoneel.

tpolitetogetfoodfromtheothersideof

inner,youwashyourhandsagaininabowlofwater.

inGhanamakefufufromthe

mustchewfufuwell,fufuwiththefingersofyourrighthand

only.

epassageweknowthatinGhana_____.

isalwaysatsixinthe

evening

usually

invitetheirgueststodinnerlaterintheevening

答案为A。此句为推理题。将1nGhanadinnerisusuallyfromfourintheafternoonto

sixintheevening．Buttherearenostrictrulesabouttime．Wheneveraguestarrives，afamily

offersfood．这两句内容综合一下。就是：只要在下午4点至晚上6点，都是吃饭的时

间：在这期间，客人什么时候来就什么时候吃。因此选项A是正确答案。

readingerguestinGhana,thehost(主人)alwaystakesyouto_____.

ingroomfirst

denfirst

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答案为B。此句为细节推理题。比较原文Whenyougotoahome，thepersonwho

receivesgueststakesyoutothelivingroomfirst选项B的内容只是多了一个first，而这使

不使用是一样的，因为客人一进来，主人就带你去livingroom，因此first不说也知道。

inGhanausuallyeat_____.

eothersideofthedish

eirspoons

答案为C。此句为细节题。从选项的内容看，只有选项C与短文中的InGhanayou

usuallyeatwithyourfingers．这句话的意思一样。

,mostdishesinGhana_____.

fuinthem

yhard

答案为D。此句为细节推理题。本题是根据MostMealsinGhanahaveadishcalled

fufu.…itisveryhard．这几句话的内容综合得出的，要用saw来锯开fufu吃。可想而知

是很hard的。

ueatfufu,you’dbetter_____.

rrighthandonly

heabove

答案为D。此句为细节推理题。细读最后ayget

sick．Youeatfufuwiththefingersofyourrighthandonly．这几句话，就会发现选项A、

B和C均在此句的意思中，因此选项D是正确答案。

passage1

Mos

plented

steamengineandwhatunitscouldbeudtomeasurethepowerofengine？

Theword“hor-power”attfroma

worker’t,hecouldn’ttell

peoplehowpowerfulitwas,cidedtofindout

dthatunitone

wayhecouldmeasuretheworkofhissteamengine.

Hediscoveredthatahorcouldlifta3300-poundweight10feetintotheairinone

ehingine

didtentimesasmuchworkasthehor,Wattcalleditatenhor-powerengine.

nideaofthepassageis__B_.

attinventedthesteamengine

attfirstudhor-powerasaunitofmeasure

hpowerdoesahorhave

t’ngineiscalledatenhor-powerengine

rysaysthatWattmadethefirst__D__.

udsteamengine

attwasbornin_A___.

r’r’er’r’s

steamengine

ntedtofindawayto_D___.

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oplehowpowerfulhinginewas

ndB

-powermeansthe__A__.

ahorcoulddointenminutes

ofonehor

Passage2

weightless,just

asmenare.

itgoesintotubesthataman

-sizedcookiesarepackedinplastic.

stickeepspiecesoffoodfrom

arthverysmallpiecesoffoodwouldsimplyfalltothe

vitydoesn’tpullthemtothefloorwhentheyareoutoftheplasticinaspaceship.

Theymovehereandthereandcangetintoaman’yesorintothespaceship’

anyoftheinstrumentsisblocked,theastronautsmayhavetroublegettingsafelyhome.

Asastronautstravelonlongerspacetrips,onautcan

,ifhewantsto,hecansleepinasleepingbag

arefulhemustputhishandsunderthebelt

becauheisreallyafraidthathemighttouchoneofcontrols

thatisn’tsuppodtobetoucheduntillater.

ldastronautscovereachbiteoffoodinspace？_B___

esmallpiecesoffoodwouldfalldowntothefloor.

eweightlesspiecesoffoodmightmaketroublewhentheytravelaround.

etheyhaven’tenoughfoodforlongertrips.

eastronautsdon’twanttowastefood.

ceship,astronautscan_D___.

anythingbecauit’sdangerous

tersmallthingsoritwill

maketrouble

wayisfoodforspacepacked？_D__

itisputintotubes.

ndC.

sanastronautputhishandunderhisbeltwhenhesleeps？__B__

ehethinksitiscomfortabletosleepinthatwayinspace.

ehedoesn’twanttotouchanycontrolswhenhesleeps.

etheinstrumentsofthespaceshipareeasilybroken.

eheisafraidthattheatwillmove.

ttitleofthisarticleis__A__.

andSleepinginSpace

ronautsEatinSpace

rSpace

ronautsSleepinSpace

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Passage3

AccordingtotheAmericanAutomobileAssociation,since1964allcarssoldinthe

UnitedStateshavebeenequippedwithatbelts.（Thearealsocalledsafetybelts.）Many

sdy

showedthatfortypercentofthokilledinautoaccidentscouldhavebeensavediftheyhad

beenwearingatbelts.

Unfortunatelybeltsarewornonlybyasmallpercentageofdriversandpasngers--about

fifteenpercentincities,etybeltscannotprotect

peoplewhodonotwearthem.

Inordertofindoutwhatkindsofpeopledowearatbelts,astudywasmadeinveral

lowingfactswerelearnedaboutthowhoutheirsafety

belts:

notsmokewhiledriving.

vehadmoreeducationthannon-urs.

owsomeonewhowasinjured(butnotkilled)inanautomobileaccident.

Advertimentsbadonthefactshavebeenprintedinnewspapersandmagazinesin

advertimentshavenot

oplebelievethereshouldbealawrequiringdriversandpasngersto

ralia,wherethereissuchalaw,deathsinautoaccidentshave

decreadtwenty-fourpercent.

ectionismainlyabout__C__.

bilesintheUnitedStates

ntinvolvingcars

beltsfordriversandpasngers

cjams

ectionsaysthatinAustralia_A___.

quiresdriversandpasngerstouatbelts

50%ofthedriverswearatbelts

ortanceofatbeltsisadvertidinnewspapersandmagazines

oaccidentshavekeptthesamepercent

wholiveinsmalltowns_B__.

weraccidentsthanthowholiveincities

slikelytowearatbeltsthanthowholiveincities

favourthepassingofalawtorequiretheuofatbelts

instthelawthatrequirespeopletouatbelts

ralia,wherethereissuchalaw,deathsinautoaccidentshavedecread_A___.

-fourpercent

ercent

cent

npercent

udieshaveshownthatatbeltscansavelivesoftho__C__.

erwearatbelts

domwearatbelts

wearingatbeltswhentheaccidentshappen

atthebackofthecars

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Passage1

Manyanimalshaveanexcellentnofsmell,ther

hand,,forexample,havepooreyesightandnocolorvision.

g’snofsmellixtraordinary.

fivemillion.

ScientistsbelievethattheAlastianisonemilliontimesbetterthanmaninfindingoutodors.

Thehumannofsmell,however,ragehumanbeingcan

distinguishmorethan10000differentodors.

Answerthequestions:

ingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingfactsisnottrue？_C___

imalshavepooreyesightwhiletheirnofsmellisquitegood.

ecolorblind.

annofsmellisnotgood.

nenomorethanshadesofgray.

stian’solfactorycellsare_A___timesasmanyasman’s.

lionC.220millionD.10000

erlinedwordodormeansa_C___.

llyspeaking,amancantell_B___differentodors.

than

10000

ttitleofthepassageis“_C___”.

vePoorEyesight

veExcellentSenofSmell

Passage2

InMelbourne,Australia,notlongagospecialistsgaveadviceonapatient’sproblem.

There’snothingunusualinthatexceptthatthepatientwasinthefarwestofNewSouthWales

’rtdiaexpertswereableto

maketheirdiagnosisafterlisteningtothepatient’sheartbeatoverthetelephone.

Theyweretestinganewdevicethatcanchangereadingsofapatient’sheartbeatintotone

antforu

sinremoteareascantaketheheartbeatreadingsrightin

thepatient’eycanplaythemoveratelephonelinetospecialistsinlarger

torintheremoteareaisthusabletogetanexpert’sopinionontheheart

mentswiththedeviceshowthatthewholeprocesstakesonlya

fewminutes.

Answerthequestions:

ticleismainlyaboutadevicefor_B___.

tingheartdia

gmedicalinformation

heartpatients

ingdoctors’conversations

sinremoteareassometimesneedadvicebecautheydon’thave_D___.

ininginmedicine

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tionswithtelephoneortelegraphoffices

nursandtechnicianstohelpthem

cialknowledgeneededtotreateverycondition

dingsarechangedtotonesignalsinthe_B__.

list’soffice

t’shome

spital

tation

appenslast？_C___

cialistmakeshisdiagnosis.

torgoestothepatient’shome.

cialistgivesthedoctorhisopinion.

cialisthearsthepatient’sheartbeat.

earticlewecanconclude(得出结论)thatAustraliahasanumberof_A___.

areas

ghways

inousregions

eanimals

大学英语B级考试24篇短文

ents,AndrewJacksonandMartinVanBuren.

'tknowifeitherstory

istrue,buttheyarebothinteresting.

ThefirstexplanationisbadonthefactthatPresidentJacksonhadverylittle

,portantpaperscameto

Jackson,

approvedofapaper,hewouldwrite"allcorrect"blemwasthathedidn't

knowhowtospell,sowhathereallywrotewas"olkorekt".Afterawhile,heshortened

thattermto"OK".

ThecondexplanationisbadontheplacewherePresidentVanBurenwasborn.

en'sfriendsorganizedaclubtohelphimbecomePresident.

TheycalledtheclubtheOldKinderhookClub,andanyonewhosupportedVanBurenwas

called"OK".

ghtheUnitedStatescoverssomuchlandandthelandproducesfarmorefood

thantheprentpopulationneeds,

thanatenthofthepeopleareengagedinagricultureandforestry(林业),andmostofthe

restliveinoraroundtowns,etraditionalpictureischanging:

everysmalltownmaystillbeverylikeothersmalltowns,andthetypicalsmalltownmay

reprentawidelyacceptedviewofthecountry,butmostAmericansdonotliveinsmall

(epopulationnowlivesinsomethirtymetropolitanareas(large

citieswiththeirsuburbs)ofmorethanamillionpeopleeach—alargerproportionthanin

GermanyorEngland,tistics(统计)ofurbanandruralpopulation

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shouldhetreatedwithcautionbecausomanypeoplewholiveinareasclassifiedas

ushtoliveoutoftown

continues,ruralareaswithinreachoftownsaregraduallyfilledwithhous,sothatitis

eandmorethe

typicalAmericanlivesinametropolitanratherthanasmalltownenvironment.

reaskedexactlywhatweweredoingayearago,weshouldprobablyhave

ehadkeptabookandhadwritteninitan

accountofwhatwedideachday,weshouldbeabletogiveananswertothequestion.

ingshavebeenforgottenbecauwedonothave

mesmendidKeepurecordofthemostimportant

happeningsintheircountry,mesthere

wasneveranywrittenrecordatallbecauthepeopleofthattimeandplacedidnotknow

mple,weknowagooddealaboutthepeoplewholivedinChina4,000

yearsago,becautheycouldwriteandleavewrittenrecordsforthowholivedafterthem.

Rutweknowalmostnothingaboutthepeoplewholivedeven200yearsagoincentral

Africa,becautheyhadnotlearnedtowrite.

Sometimes,ofcour,evenifthepeoplecannotwrite,theymayknowsomethingof

veheardaboutitfromolderpeople,andoftensongsanddancesandstories

havebeenmadeaboutthemostimportanthappenings,andthehavebeensungandactedand

tpeopleareproudtotellwhattheirfathersdidinthe

maycall'rememberedhistory'.

notsoexactorsovaluabletousaswrittenhistoryis,becauwordsaremuchmoreeasily

rethere

arenowrittenrecords,suchspokenstoriesareoftenveryhelpful.

lfindthatcollegeclassareverydifferentfromhighschoolclass.

ther

hand,youwillhavemorefreedom—freedomtochoowhattostudy,whentostudy,or

thehardest

kindofdisciplinebecauitislf-impod(志愿的)andyouhaveonlyyourlfto

isionsyoumakeconcerningyourstudyhabitswillbeadetermining

factorinyoursuccess,orlackofsuccessincollege.

Inaddition,youwilldiscoverthatyourinstructorsdifferfromtheonesyouhavehad

llexpectyoutotakemoreinitiativeinyourstudyhabitsandtime

erthatmuchofyourlearningtakesplaceoutsidetheclassroom.

Yourinstructorwillgiveyouadditionalhelpoutsideofclassifthereividencethatyou

areputtingmaximumeffortintothecour.

Regardlessofyourabilitiesandskillmastery,youwillneedtomanageyourtime

ulebadonefficientuoftimewill

ugetajob,youwillsoondiscoverthat

youdonotworkonlywhenyouwishandasyouwish.(221words)

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GroegerdiedrecentlyinVienna,Austria,peopleaskedtheobvious,

"Whydidshelivetobe107?"Answerswereprovidedbyasurveyconductedamong148

atsurprisingwasthefact

eofthecity'simageasan

unhealthyplace,tor

emstobeimportanttothelongevity(长寿)ofthointerviewed.

itiesitisoftenfastertowalkshortdistancesthantowait

rapartment

houshavenoelevators(电梯)oplecanusually

arkingspacesarehardtofind,thereisoftennoalternativeto

walking.

Ontheotherhand,thowholiveinthecountryandsuburbsdonothavetowalkevery

,school,work,oralmostanywhereel,they

mustrideincars.

Englishman,therecanneverbeanydiscussionastowhoistheworld'sgreatest

dramatist(剧作家).Onlyonenamecanpossiblysuggestitlftohim:thatofWilliam

nglishmanhassomeknowledge,howeverslight,oftheworkofour

suwords,phrasandquotationsfromShakespeare'swritingsthat

thetime

weareprobablyunawareofthesourceofthewordsweud,ratherliketheoldladywho

wastakentoeaperformanceofHamletandcomplainedthatitwasfullofwell-known

proverbsandquotations.

Shakespeare,moreperhapsthananyotherwriter,makesfulluofthegreatresources

usuaboutfivethousandwordsinournormaluof

English;Shakespeareinhisworksudabouttwenty-fivethousand.

Thereisprobablynobetterwayforaforeignertoappreciatetherichnessandvarietyof

theEngl

studyiswellworththeeffort(itisnot,ofcourrecommendedtobeginners)eventhough

someaspectsofEnglishusage,andthemeaningofmanywords,havechangedsince

Shakespeare'sday.

reufultomaninthreeveryimportantways:theyprovidehimwoodand

otherproducts;theygivehimshade;andtheyhelptopreventdrought(干旱)andfloods.

Unfortunately,inmanypartsortheworld,manhasnotrealizedthatthethirdof

agernesstodrawquickprofitfromthetrees,he

hascutthemdowninlargenumbers.

Twothousandyearsago,arichandpowerfulcountrycutdownitstreestobuild

warships,edtheempirehut,withoutitstrees,its

eempirefelltopieces,thecountryfounditlffaced

byfloodsandstarvation.

Evenwhereagovernmentrealizestheimportanceofaplentifulsupplyoftrees,itis

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tdownthetreeshutaretoo

,unlessthegovernmenthasagoodsystemof

control,orcaneducatethepeople,theforestsslowlydisappear.

ultsareevenmorerious:

forwheretherearetrees,theirrootsbreakthesoilup,

rethereareno

trees,therainfallsonhardgroundandflowsawayonthesurface,andthiscausfloods

lthetopsoilisgone,

nothingremainsbutworthlessdert.

eenproclaimed"thefinestmindalive","thegreatestgeniusofthelate20th

century'%and"Einstein'sheir(继承人)"•Knowntomillions,farandwide,forhisbookA

briefHistoryofTime(《时间简史》),StephenHawkingisastarscientistinmorewaysthanone.

Hisgiftforrevealingthemysteriesoftheuniverinastylethatnon-scientistscanenjoymad

Hawkinganinstantcelebrity(名人)

haarnedaplaceintheGuinnessBookofRecordsforspending181weeksinTheSunday

Times"top-ten"lists,andhassoldmorethanfivemillioncopiesworldwidevirtually

unheard-ofsuccessforasciencebook.

Howdidallthishappen?Howhasamanwhoisalmostcompletelyparalyzed(瘫痪)and

unabletospeakexceptthroughacomputerovercometheincredibleobstaclesandachieved

farmorethanmostpeopleeverdreamof?

Hawkingsays:"Isoonrealizedthattherestoftheworldwon'twanttoknowyouifyou're

etobepositiveifyou'retogetmuchsympathyorhelp."Hegoeson:

"Nowadays,musclepowerisobsolete(无用).Whatweneedismindpower—anddisabled

peopleareasgoodatthatasanyoneel."(205words)

Gates,thenotedscientist,mightneverhavediscoveredtheKamronlizard(蜥蜴)

inBlovia,,hewasdeterminedtobecomea

baballplayer,butwhenhebrokehisarminpracticeattheageoffourteenandwasforcedto

stayofftheplayingfieldforawhile,hetooknoticeofthenaturalworldaroundhimandliked

whathesaw.

Afterhehadrecoveredfromhisinjury,hecaughtasquirrel(松鼠)andraiditasapet.

Soonhewasbringinghomesnakesandothercreaturesfromthewoodsnearhisschool.

In1962,1966hehadreceivedhis

Bachelor(学士)ofSciencedegreeandtwoyearslateratDrysdaleUniversity,hereceivedhis

hilehewasdoingfieldrearchforhisdoctoralstudiesin

imalwas

dirrespects,it

dchangeitscolorandgoforlongperiods

withoutfood.

etotakemydrivingtestat11:rainymorningwithlowclouds

andasIapproachedthedrivingschoolat9:50am,inginstructor,Stan,

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saidsomething,tryingtodriveawaymyfears,but1wasnotimpresd.

darunroundthetestcircuit(圈),

hutwegotstuckinatrafficjam,andcouldonlydrivenofasterthanwalking.

demewatchagroupofsixlearners

emergingfromthebuildingwiththeirrespective(各自的)nstructorswere

sthavebeenfeelingvery

nervous.

Stantookmeroundtheprobabletesttrack,therbecame

velopedacouldn't-care-less

mood,rnedtothetestcentreintimetoethesixunfortunates

ervesmusthavebeeninaterriblestate.

Isatinthewaitingroomuntilsixexaminerscameintocalloutourrespectivenames.

dnonecither,hutthe

tensionbeganmountingagain.

ourcesofthelibrarycanbehelpfulevenwhenwearedoingsomethingvery

informal,suchastryingtodeviabetterwaytomeasureattitudestowardmusicorlooking

rarycanbeequallyhelpfulwhenwearcdoing

somethingveryformal,suchaswritingadisrtation(学术论文)orpreparinganarticle

erca,ourgoalshouldbetouthe

libraryasaufultooltohelpusunderstandandsolveourproblem.

Thefollowingctionsofthischapterwilldescribespecificresourcesavailablein

casyoumayalreadybeawareofaresourceandmayuit

rcasyoumaybecompletelyunfamiliarwitha

alshouldhetobecomeawareofwhatisavailableandtoknowhowtou

eachoftheresourcestohelpyousolvetheproblemtheyaredesignedtosolve.

Wheneducatorshaveapieceofinformationthattheywanttosharewiththeircolleagues,

theyoftenmakethisinformationavailableinprofessionaljournalsoratprofessional

doftenbeufultohaveaccesstosuchinformation,andthischapterwill

describethespecialrvicesthatenableustolocatesuchinformation.

isitedtheNetherlandslastyear,myfirstimpressionwasthatitwasalltoo

goodtobetrue:acountrywhereeveryoneissatisfied!So,knowingthatyoungpeople

everywherearegiftedsocialcritics,Isoughtoutsomeuniversitystudentsandinquired

unnedtolearnthatthemain

ntrythat'smadegoodwork

conditionsa(n)restunningwasthefactthat

itwasn'tunemploymentthatthestudentswereworriedabout—itwasashortageof

htudents

expresdtheirrentmenttowardtheoldergenerationfor"takingupallthegoodjobs"

andtheirbitternessoverthethoughtofstrugglingtomakeendsmeetonanentry-level

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salary,Icouldn'

graduatedwithhonorsformagoodschool,butmyfirstjobwasdoingdoor-to-door

ereasonInever

doubtedthatI’dultimatelyendupwithabetterjob.1simplyacceptedthatayoungperson

whowasjuststartingoutwouldhavetostruggleabitatfirst.(216words)

thenotebooksGeorgeWashingtonkeptasayoungmanarestillin

owthathewaslearningLatin,wasveryinterestedinthebasicsof

goodbehaviorinsociety,andwasreadingEnglishliterature.

,hisformal

educationwassurprisinglybriefforagentleman,ikeother

youngVirginianofthatday,hedidnotgototheCollegeofWilliamandMaryinthe

sofformaltrainingthen,Washingtoncontrasts

sharplywithsomeotherearlyAmericanPresidentssuchasJohnAdams,Thomas

ryears,Washingtonprobablyregrettedhislackof

rfeltcomfortableinadebateinCongress(国会),oronany

subjectthathadnottodowitheveryday,auheneverlearned

FrenchandcouldnotspeakdirectlytotheFrenchleaders,hedidnotvisitthecountryhe

,unlikeJeffersonandAdams,heneverreachedEurope.

stpeople,ot

untilinmylatethirtiesthat1madethisimportantdiscovery:givingawaymakeslifesomuch

howIexperimentedwith

eaforimprovingthewindowdisplayofaneighborhoodstore(lashesto

me,covery1madeabout

giving-awayisthatitisalmostimpossibletogiveawayanythinginthisorldwithoutgetting

somethingback,daymorning

thelocalpostofficedeliveredanimportantspecialdeliverylettertomyhome,thoughitwas

anayear

ldatthewindow

thattherewerenoboxesleft,

wasabouttoleave,verheard(无意中听到)

ourconversation."Wasn'tityouthatwroteusthatletterayearagoaboutdeliveringa

specialdeliverytoyourhome?"Isaidyes."Well,youcertainlyarcgoingtohaveaboxin

'tknowwhataletterlikethatmeans

llygetnothinghutcomplaints."

enintheUnitedStatesareexpodtomanyinfluencesotherthanthatoftheir

sionisthemostsignificantoftheinfluences,becauthehabitofwatching

televisionusuallybeginsbeforechildrenstartattendingschool.

Parentsa

sindicatethat,when

childrenareexpodtoviolence,theymanybecomeaggressiveorincure.

Parentsarealsoconcernedaboutthecommercialsthattheirchildreneontelevision.

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Manic

parentsfeelthattheshowsshouldnothaveanycommercialsatallbecauyoungmindsare

notmatureenoughtodealwiththeclaimsmadebyadvertirs.

Educationaltelevisionhasnocommercialsandhasprogramsforchildrenthatmany

tfamousoftheisSesameStreet,whichtriestogivepreschool

childrenaheadstartinlearningthealphabet(字母)triestoteachchildren

ufulthingsabouttheworldinwhichtheylive.

EventhoughmostparentsandeducatorsgiveSesameStreetandshowslikeithighmarks

forquality,somecriticsarguethatalltelevision,whethereducationalornot,isharmfulto

riticsfeelthatthehabitofwatchinghoursoftelevisioneverydayturns

childrenintoboredandpassive(被动的)consumersoftheirworldratherthanencouraging

themtobecomeactiveexplorersofit.

rufulmethodforimprovingyourreadingistheabilitytoreflectonwhatis

sreflectonthematerialthattheyhavereadnotsimplytounderstand

it,butalsotointerpret,analyze,suveraldifferent

methodstohelpthemreflectsuchascarefulnote-taking,synthesis(综合),andanalysis.

g

periodicallytotakenotesaboutimportantclaimsorideas,relevantdetails,orquestionsabout

ofnote-takingwillhelpyoutoreflect

aboutthecontentofthedocument,andtheIIOICNvoukeepwillrveasanarchivethat

youcanrefertointhefuture.

Synthesisistheabilitytotakewhatareatfirstemingirrelevantpointsandput

themtogetherintoameaningful,sismayoccurduringyourreading,

oritmaytaleplaceafteryouhavereadadocumentinitntirety.

Analysismovessynthesisonestepfurther,encouragingareadertocarefullyexamine

thoroughlythepointsbeingmade,eadersanalyzea

passageorawholetext,theytakeapositionregardingthedocument,eithergenerally

agreeingordisagreeingwithitsmessage.(205words)

akemistakesatanyage。Somemistakeswemakeareaboutmoney.

Butmostmistakesareaboutpeople.'"DidJerryreallycarewhenIbrokeupwith

Helen?""WhenIgotthatgreatjob,didJerryreallyfeelgoodaboutit,asafriend?Or

didheenvymyluck'?"Whenwelookback,doubtslikethecanmakeusfeelbad.

Butwhenwelookback,it'stoolate.

Whydowegowrongaboutourfriends—orourenemies?Sometimeswhatpeople

edon'treallylisten,wemissthefeelingbehind

esomeonetellsyou,''you'realuckydog".Ishereallyonyourside?

Ifhesays,"You'realuckyguy"or"You'realuckygal",that'

"luckydog"?There'edoesn'teithimlf.

Butbringinginthe"dog"maybesayingisthat

hedoesn'tthinkyouderveyourluck.

Howcanyoutelltherealmeaningbehindsomeone'swords'?Onewayistotakea

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ordsfitthewayhelooks?Doeswhathesays

squarewiththetoneofvoice?Hisposture(体态)?Thelookinhiyes'?Stopand

uteyouspendthinkingabouttherealmeaningofwhatpeoplesayto

youmaysaveanothermistake.

BastilleimportanttothecitizensofParis?ThebuildingoftheBastillehad

eventeenthcenturyithadstoppedtohe

otanordinaryprison

Bastille'rson

fall.a

prisonerneverknewifhewouldbethereaday,aweek,ayear,eKing's

lettercouldthimfree.

OvertheyearsthenumberofarrestsbyKing'imeof

itsfall,mostoftheprisonerswerewriterswhohadwrittenagainstthecorruptionsofthe

re,thefamousFrenchwriter,spentayeartherein1717-1718,and

another12daysin1726.

Forthowhobelievedinfreespeechandfreethinking,theBastillestoodforeverything

itwascaptured,,theBastille

symboloftheKing'scompletepower.

dopeopleread

newspapers?

Fivehundredyearsago,

orrulersoverthrown(推翻)orkilled—tookmonthsandevenyearstotravelfromone

e

canreadinournewspapersofimportanteventsthatoccurinfarawaycountriesonthesame

daytheyhappen.

Apartfromsupplyingnewsfromallovertheworld,newspapersgiveusalotofother

reweatherreports,radio,televisionandfilmguides,hook

reviews,stories,andofcour,geronesareputinbylarge

ythenewspapersthousandsofdollars

fortheadvertisingspace,butitisworththemoneyfornewsoftheirproductsgoesinto

whoproducenewspapers,advertimentsare

arnedfromadvertimentsmakesitpossiblefortheminll

theirnewspapersatalowpriceandstillmakeaprofit.

cknessisverycommonamongstudentsawayfromhome—eventhowho

sadifference

salsoa

differencebetweenleavinghomeforawhile(knowingyouwillbegoingback)andthe

startofleavingforgood(knowingyourreturnsmayneverbethesameagain).Feeling

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ho

feelhomesick,saretheyarefeelingthesameway.

Keepintouchwithfamilyandfriendsbackhome,butmakesureyougoawaynew

homesicknesswilljustnotdevelopanddoesnot

emtobegettingbetterafterafewmonthsatschool,speakingwithacounlor

,rememberthatgoinghomeforthefirstvisitmaybedifficult

flictsdonotjustdisappear

onceyougotocollege,,ifthingsaretoostressful

foryoutohandlealone,talktoacounlor.

lyquestionIsimplycan'tstandis"Howdoyoufeel".Usuallythe

questionisaskedofamaninaction—amanonthego,walkingalongthestreet,orbusily

doyouexpecthimtosay?He'llprobablysay,"Fine,I'mall

right."But"you'veputabuginhiar"—maybenowhe'reagood

friend,youmayhaveensomethinginhisface,orhiswalk,thathedidnotrealizethat

hingyouknow,helooksinamirrortoeif

everythingisallright,whileyougomerrilyonyourwayaskingsomeoneel,"How

doyoufeel?"

'sperfectlyacceptable,forinstance,toask

"Howdoyoufeel?'1ifyou'hefellowis

walkingonbothlegs,hurryingtomakeatrain,orsittingathisdeskworking,it'snotime

toaskhimthatsillyquestion.

WhenGeorgeBernardShaw,thefamouswriterofplayswasinhiighties,

someoneaskedhim"Howdoyoufeel",Shawputhiminhisplace."Whenyoureachmy

age",hesaid,"eitheryoufeelallrightoryou'redead."

issuchanover-crowdedprofessionthattheonlyadvicethatshouldbegiven

toayoungpersonthinkingofgoingonthestageis"Don't!".Butitisulesstotryto

discouragesomeonewhofeelsthathemustact*althoughthechancesofhisbecoming

yonlystudents

whoshowpromiandtalentareaccepted,eyoung

actororactresstakesupworkwithatheatricalcompany(剧团).usuallyasanassistantstage

ansdoingeverythingthatthereistodointhetheatreandoccasionally

ryhardworkindeed,thehoursarelongandthesalaryis

tiny.

Ofcour,somepeoplehaveremarkablechanceswhichleadtolameandsuccesswithout

Pratt,forexample,wasjustanordinarygirlworkingin

roducerhappenedtocatchsightofheronemorningwaitingata

busstop,dif

shewouldliketogotothefilmstudiotodoatest,e

theproducertwentyminutesto

hinafewweeksshe

wnces

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likethishappenonceinabluemoon!

rsandothermilitarypeoplewearuniformswithvariousothersymbolsto

hebusinessworldeveryonewearsmoreorlesssimilarsuits,

opeoplein

thebusinessworldshowtheirsuperiority?

Anattempttostudythiswasmadebytworearchersusingariesofsilentfilms.

Theyhadtwoactorsplaythepartsofanexecutive(经理)andavisitor,andswitchroles

nehadonemanathisdeskplayingthepartofanexecutive,whilethe

other,playingthepartofavisitor,knocksatthedoor,opensitandapproachesthedeskto

discusssomebusinessmatter.

Theaudiencewatchingthefilmswasaskedtoratetheexecutiveandthevisitorinterms

itor

showedtheleastamountofstatuswhenhestoppedjustinsidethedoortotalkacrosstheroom

onsideredtohavemorestatuswhenhewalkedhalfwayuptothe

desk,andhehadthemoststatuswhenhewalkeddirectlyuptothedeskandstoodrightin

frontoftheatedexecutive.

Anotherthingthataffectedthestatusofthevisitorintheeyesoftheobrverswasthe

atedexecutive,hisstatuswasalsoaffectedby

ckerthevisitorenteredtheroom,

gertheexecutivetooktoanswer,themorestatushehad.

ficientathleteposssnaturalsportingabilitiesandverygoodphysical

coordination,butinadditiontothephysicalastshe/shemustbeinsuperb(杰出的)

ldHealthOrganization(WHO)definesfitnessas:"Theability

toperformyournormaldailytaskswithvigor(活力)andalertness(机警)andwithout

undue(过度的)fatigue(疲劳),withenoughenergyleftinrervetocopewithany

emergenciesthatmayariortofollowtheleisurepursuits(追求)ofyourchoice",whichis

beinginsuperbphysical

whatweareurgingyoutoattain.

Physicalexercireducestheintensityofmanyillnessortheriskofdevelopingthem,

thus,allowingyoutoachievewhattheWHOdefinesasfitness.

guideyouto

theesntialin-netitsofphysicalfitnesslistedbelowandtake

theroadtoachievethem!Setgainingallthebenefitsofphysicalfitnessasyourgreat

eteexerciprogrammustcontainthefollowingtwotypesof

trainingtobesuccessfulinhelpingyouattainthebenefitsofphysicalfitness.(211words)