2015考研英语真题

1/8

2015年硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语二真题及答案

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDon

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith--orevenlookingat—astrangeris

nearoundusemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones,even

withouta1underground.

It'sasadreality—ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings—becauthere's2

wouldn'tknowit,3intoyourphone.

Thisuniversalarmorndsthe4:"Pleadon'tapproachme."

Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourscreens?

Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,rejection,orthatour

innocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as"creepy,”Wefearwe'we'llbedisruptive.

Strangersareinherently8tous,sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththem

dthisanxiety,we10toourphones."Phones

becomeourcurityblanket,"Wortmannsays."Theyareourhappyglassthatprotectusfromwhatwe

perceiveisgoingtobemore11.”

ButonceweripofftheBand-Aid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup,itdoesn't12

2011experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederasked

commuterstodotheunthinkable:dChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow

14."deraskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15how

theywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantif

theysatontheirown,"theparticipantsdidn'texpectapositive

experience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,"notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeensnubbed."

18,thecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosanscommunication,

whichmakesabsoluten,'sthat20:

Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.

1.[A]ticket[B]permit[C]signal[D]record

2.[A]nothing[B]link[C]another[D]much

3.[A]beaten[B]guided[C]plugged[D]brought

4.[A]message[B]cede[C]notice[D]sign

5.[A]under[B]beyond[C]behind[D]from

6.[A]misinterpret[B]misapplied[C]misadjusted[D]mismatched

7.[A]fired[B]judged[C]replaced[D]delayed

8.[A]unreasonable[B]ungrateful[C]unconventional[D]unfamiliar

9.[A]comfortable[B]anxious[C]confident[D]angry

10.[A]attend[B]point[C]take[D]turn

11.[A]dangerous[B]mysterious[C]violent[D]boring

12.[A]hurt[B]resist[C]bend[D]decay

2/8

13.[A]lecture[B]conversation[C]debate[D]negotiation

14.[A]trainees[B]employees[C]rearchers[D]pasngers

15.[A]reveal[B]choo[C]predict[D]design

16.[A]voyage[B]flight[C]walk[D]ride

17.[A]wentthrough[B]didaway[C]caughtup[D]putup

18.[A]Inturn[B]Inparticular[C]Infact[D]Inconquence

19.[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D]whereas

20.[A]funny[B]simple[C]logical[D]rare

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactuallymorestresdathomethanat

chersmeasuredpeople’scortisol,whichisastressmarker,whiletheywereatworkandwhile

theywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissuppodtobeaplaceofrefuge.

“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsof

stressatworkthanathome,”writesoneoftherearchers,womenevensaytheyfeel

betteratwork,shenotes.“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Another

surpriisthatfindingsholdtrueforboththowithchildrenandwithout,

iswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.

Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhenthey’reathome,whether

ymen,theendoftheworkdayisatime

enwhostayhome,womenwhowork

outsidethehome,eblurringofroles,andthe

factthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceamakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snot

surprisingthatwomenaremorestresdathome.

Butit’,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resuppodtobedoing:

working,markingmoney,gainisvery

pure:Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.

Onthehomefront,however,thehouholdinwhichthedivisionof

realotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequate

mecolleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;they

needtobetalkedintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.

Plus,they’erreallygettogohomefromhome.

Soit’yarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,

theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.

ingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome_____

[A]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace

[B]wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurement

[C]generatedmorestressthantheworkplace

[D]wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxation

3/8

ingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?

[A]Childlesswives[B]Workingmothers

[C]Childlesshusbands[D]Workingfathers

rringofworkingwomen'srolesreferstothefactthat_____

[A]itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice

[B]theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback

[C]thereisoftenmuchhouworkleftbehind

[D]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhouwives

d“moola”(Line4,Para4)mostprobablymeans_____

[A]skills[B]energy[C]earnings[D]nutrition

efrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat_____

[A]divisionoflaborathomeisldomclear-cut

[B]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment

[C]houholdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating

[D]familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewarded

Text2

Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thowhodonothaveaparent

withacollradesarelower

cesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyifthey

succeedinhighereducation,

hascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,

meansthathighereducationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclo”abachievementgap

badonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournal

PsychologicalScience.

Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggesting

thatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclo63percentofthe

achievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.

Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebadonastudy

involving147students(whocompletedtheproject)enerationwas

thefirst-generationstudents(59.1

percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswas

trueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.

Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbadontheviewthat

first-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodeal

tepastrearchbyveralauthorstoshowthatthisis

thegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclotheachievementgap.

Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learn

the‘rulesofthegame,’andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,”sbecomesmoreofa

problemwhencollagesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsof

eUScollegesanduniversitiesldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffect

students’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestruggling

anddonotunderstandhowstudents’likethemcanimprove.

tingmorefirst-generationstudentshas_______

[A]reducedtheirdropoutrates[B]narrowedtheachievementgap

[C]misditsoriginalpurpo[D]depresdcollegestudents

horoftherearcharticleareoptimisticbecau_______

4/8

[A]theproblemissolvable[B]theirapproachiscostless

[C]therecruitingratehasincread[D]theirfindingappealtostudents

dysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents______

[A]studyatprivateuniversities[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies

[C]areinneedoffinancialsupport[D]havefailedtheircollage

horofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents_______

[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap

[B]canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents

[C]maylackopportunitiestoapplyforrearchprojects

[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege

nferfromthelastparagraphthat_______

[A]universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-class

[B]studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources

[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpnricheducationalexperiences

[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion

Text3

Evenintraditionaloffices,“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotional

andmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,”saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancy

rtedspinningoffexamples.“IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990,

wewouldemuchlessfrequentuoftermslikejourney,mission,eregoals,therewere

strategies,therewereobjectives,butwedidn’ttalkaboutenergy;wedidn’ttalkaboutpassion.”

Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery“team”-oriented—andnotby

coincidence.“Let’snotforgetsports—inmale-dominatedcorporateAmerica,it’’snot

explicitlyconscious;it’stheideathatI’macoach,andyou’remyteam,andwe’re

lotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,butmostthinkofthemlvesascoachesandthisistheir

teamandtheywanttowin.”

Thetermsarealsointendedtoinfuworkwithmeaning—and,asKhuranapointsout,increa

allegiancetothefirm.“Youhavetheimportationofterminologythathistoricallyudtobeassociatedwith

non-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations:Termslikevision,values,passion,andpurpo,”said

Khurana.

Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglyloud

“mommywars”ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,prompting

argumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan’thaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandberg’sLeanIn,whotitlehas

ikeunplug,offline,life-hack,bandwidth,andcapacityareall

ourworkisyour“passion,”you’llbe

morelikelytodevoteyourlftoit,evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafter

thekidsareinbed.

Butthisemstobetheironyofofficespeak:Everyonemakesfunofit,butmanagersloveit,

companiesdependonit,ergsaid,“Youcangetpeopleto

thinkit’snonnatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit.”Inaworkplacethat’sfundamentallyindifferentto

yourlifeanditsmeaning,officespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork—andhowyour

workdefineswhoyouare.

ingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehasbecome_____

[A]moreemotional[B]moreobjective[C]lesnergetic[D]lessstrategic

32.“Team”-orientedcorporatevocabularyisclolyrelatedto_______

[A]historicalincidents[B]genderdifference[C]sportsculture[D]athleticexecutives

5/8

abelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto______

[A]revivehistoricalterms[B]promotecompanyimage

[C]fostercorporatecooperation[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty

einferredthatLeanIn________

[A]voicesforworkingwomen[B]appealstopassionateworkaholics

[C]triggersdebatesamongmommies[D]praismotivatedemployees

fthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak?

[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonn

[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental[D]Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit

Text4

Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreportedforJune,alongwiththe

dropintheunemploymentrateto6.1percent,itappearsthe

lhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,but

atleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.

However,therasa

gureisnow830,000(4.4

percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.

BeforeexplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,

kepart-timeworkbecauthisisall

eaininvoluntarypart-timeworkividenceofweaknessinthelabormarketandit

meansthatmanypeoplewillbehavingaveryhardtimemakingendsmeet.

Therewasanincreaininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendown.

Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butitisdownby

640,000(7.9percent)fromisyearagolevel.

Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecaupeopletell

veyudbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleistheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereference

nsweris“yes”,theyareclassifiedasworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecauthey

eonlyclassifiedasvoluntary

part-timeworkersiftheytellthesurveytakertheychotoworklessthan35hoursaweek.

Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecauoneofthemainpurposwastoallow

ypeople,especiallythowithrioushealth

conditionsorfamilymemberswithrioushealthconditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytoget

insurancewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.

However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeithergetinsurancethrough

repeoplewhomaypreviouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejob

amacarethereisnolongera

linkbetweenemploymentandinsurance.

artofthejobspictureareneglected?

[A]Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket.

[B]Theincreaofvoluntarypart-timemarket.

[C]Thepossibilityoffullemployment.

[D]Theaccelerationofjobcreation.

opleworkpart-timebecauthey_____.

[A]preferpart-timejobstofull-timejobs.

[B]feelthatinoughtomakeendsmeet.

[C]cannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobs.

6/8

[D]haven’tentheweaknessofthemarket.

ntarypart-timeemploymentistheUS_____.

[A]ishardertoacquirethanoneyearago.

[B]showsageneraltendencyofdecline.

[C]satisfiestherealneedofthejobless.

[D]islowerthanbeforetherecession.

elearnedthatwithObamacare,_____.

[A]itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetinsurance

[B]employmentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsurance

[C]itisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilymembers

[D]full-timeemploymentisstillesntialforinsurance

tmainlydiscuss_______.

[A]employmentintheUS[B]part-timerclassification

[C]insurancethoughMedicaid[D]Obamacare’strouble

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,stions41-45,choothemost

suitableonefromthelist[A]-[G]retwoextrachoices,

uranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Youarenotalone

[B]Don’tfearresponsibilityforyourlife

[C]Paveyourownuniquepath

[D]Mostofyourfearsareunreal

[E]Thinkabouttheprentmoment

[F]Experiencehelpsyougrow

[G]Therearemanythingstobegratefulfor

Unfortunately,er,we

aregrievingvariouskindsofloss:afriendship,mesmayholdyou

downatwhatusuallyemslikethemostinopportunetime,butyoushouldrememberthattheywon’tlast

forever.

Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwithagreaterunderstandingandrespect

rmore,thelossmakeusmatureandeventuallymoveustowardfutureopportunitiesfor

osharethetenoldtruthsI’velearnedalongtheway.

41._____________________________

rmalhumanreactionisudtoprotectusbysignalingdanger

unately,peoplecreateinnerbarrierswithahelpofexaggeratingfears.

MyfavoriteactorWillSmithoncesaid,“

risachoice.”Idocompletelyagreethatfearsarejustthe

productofourluxuriantimagination.

42_____________________________

Ifyouaresurroundedbyproblemsandcannotstopthinkingaboutthepast,trytofocusontheprent

feelguiltoveryour

past,butyouarehe

hebeautyoftheworldaroundand

essisnotapointoffutureandnotamoment

7/8

fromthepast,butamindtthatcanbedesignedintotheprent.

43______________________________

beeasilycaughtup

rongpeoplepreferto

smileandvaluetheirlifeinsteadofcryingandcomplainingaboutsomething.

44________________________________

Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowriousthesituationis,youshouldalwaysremember

eepinmindthatalmosteveryonerespectsandwantstohelpyouifyouare

tryingtomakeagoodchangeinyourlife,haveacircle

offriendswhoprovideconstantgoodhumor,avenofriendsorrelatives,

trytoparticipateinveralonlinecommunities,fullofpeoplewhoarealwayswillingtoshareadviceand

encouragement.

45________________________________

Todaymanypeoplefinditdifficulttotrusttheirownopinionandekbalancebygainingobjectivity

yyoudevalueyouropinionandshowthatyouareincapableofmanaging

uarestrugglingtoachievesomethingimportantyoushouldbelieveinyourlfand

einyourskin,thinkyourownthoughts,haveyourownvalues

andmakeyourownchoices.

SectionIIITranslation

Directions:

ourtranslationonANSWER

SHEET2.(15points)

Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethat’dbeyourcommutetowork,atripintotownor

veritis,esortsof

tripsit’asytozone

conquenceisthatyouperceivethatthetriphastakenlesstimethanitactuallyhas.

Thisisthewell-travelledroadeffect:peopletendtounderestimatethetimeittakestotravelafamiliar

route.

traveldownawell-knownroute,

becauwedon’thavetoconcentratemuch,erwards,whenwe

cometothinkbackonit,wecan’trememberthejourneywellbecauwedidn’

weassumeitwasshorter.

想想在一条你非常熟悉的路线上开车是什么感觉。这路线可能是你上下班、进城或者回家的路线。但不管是哪

种路线，你对这条路上的每一个弯曲处和转弯处都了如指掌。在这样的车途中，人们很容易在开车时注意力不集中，

并且不太关注车所经过的风景。结果是，你觉得车途时间比实际的要少。

这就是"熟路效应"：人们往往会低估在熟悉的路线上开车所花的时间。

这种效应是由我们分配注意力的方式导致的。当我们沿着一条熟悉的路开车，时间似乎过得很快，因为我们不

用太集中精力。当我们随后来回顾这段车程时，我们却不太记得了，因为我们当时并没有太注意。所以我们觉得车

途时间要比实际的短些。

SectionIVWriting

PartA

ions:

Supnoticeto

1)brieflyintroducethecampactivities,and

2)callforvolunteers.

8/8

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuyournameorthenameofyouruniversity.

Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)

Notice

TheStudents’Unionisarrangingasummercampforhighschoolstudentstobroadentheirhorizonandexperiencedifferent

tosay,itwilllastforaboutoneweekandthethe

meisLovingYourCountry,LovingtheWorld.

Differentkindsofactivitiesareincludedduringthecamp,likeknowledgecompetition,patrioticsongscontest,dramacontes

foreignstudentswillalsoattendthecamp,eersshouldbethowh

oaregoodatoralEnlgishandalsotakeanactivepartinactivities.

Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleadonothesitatetocontactus.

theStudents’Union

PartB

ions:

writing,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

ThepiechartprovidessomeinterestingdataregardingthefamilyexpenofurbanresidentsduringSpringFestivalinourc

ownabove,thefamilyexpenduringtheholidayismainlyudforgiftsbyaccountingfor40percent,follo

wedbytransportationsandget-togetherwhichbothtakesup20%.

Obviously,nwith,Chinepeoplearech

angingtheirlifestyleandmorelikelytoenjoyalifestyleofcommunicationduringholidays,whichmayaddmoreflavortot

’smore,inmanypeople’yes,

dition,thereisnodenyingthatthemajorfactorresponsibleforthephenomenonisthaturbanpeoplepossmoremoneyav

ailableforgiftsthankstothegrowthofurbaneconomy.

Takingabove-mentionedanalysisintoaccount,wecannaturallyarriveattheconclusion:asthesocietyfurtherdevelops,the

trendmirroredbythetableisboundtocontinueintheyearstocome.